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Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
Rear Admiral Sinclair M. Harris Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command
Commander, U.S. FOURTH FleetDecember 4, 2012
U.S. Navy Support to Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Response (HA/DR)
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
The Problem
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
US Military Responses to HA/DR
Martinique and St. Vincent
1902
Berlin Airlift,1948
Operation IDAIran, 1962
Haiti, 2010
Operation Tomodachi2011
Operations PROVIDE COMFORT I and II,
1991-1996
Operation SEA ANGEL, Bangladesh, 1991
Operation SUPPORT HOPE, Rwanda, 1994
Operation SHINING HOPE, Kosovo & Albania, 1999
Operation FUERTO APOYO, Central America,
1998
Operation ATLAS RESPONSE, Maputo,
Mozambique, 2000
Operation UNIFIED ASSISTANCE, Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka,
2005
Pakistan, 2005, 2011
Operation ASSURED DELIVERY, Republic of Georgia, 2008
HURRICANE SANDY,2012
HURRICANE KATRINA,
2005
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
Disaster Effects
Pakistan Flood 92
Indonesia Tsunami 04
Pakistan Quake 05
Hurricane Katrina 05
Haiti Quake 10
Pakistan Flood 10
Japan Quake 11
Deaths ~ 1,200 ~ 225,000 ~79,000 ~1,368 ~230,000 ~ 1,961 ~14,000~15,000 missing
Persons Affected
~4.8m ~5m ~5m ~15m ~3m ~20.2m millions
IDPs 3m 575,000 2.8m 1.2m ~1m ~10.1m ~500,000
Homes Affected
960,000 ~180,000 600,000 275,000 313,000 ~1.9m millions
Sq Km Affected
~19,000 ~9,562 ~30,000 ~81,512 ~27,750 ~132,000 tsunami~500
Relief /Recovery
~$2.4B ~$7B ~$5.1B ~$81B ~$15B ~$10-15B Est. are escalating~ 500B
DoD Personnel
0 16,000 1,200 17,417 22,268 1905 ~20,000
USN Ships 0 25 5 20 23 3 24
DoD Planes 0 45 28 68 264 6 ~140
DoD Helicopters
0 57 28 360 57 42 Many
Length of Time
4 years 5 years 5 years 4 years On going Months Months
World Wide Disasters Comparisons
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
Things To Know
• Joint /US Navy Playbooks• Operational Design• Operation Unified Response (Haiti)• Key Points
– Partners– Situational Awareness– Collaboration/Coordination– Unity of Effort
• Command Threads
From 1970-2012, U.S. forces were involved in almost 400 humanitarian missions
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
Joint / U.S. Navy Playbooks
Humanitarian assistance/disaster response (HA/DR) is a core capability.
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
Operational DesignPhased Operations
Phase III(Restoration)
Phase I(EmergencyResponse)
USN Restoration AssistanceLong-Term Engagement
Mitigate SufferingMeet Basic NeedsImmediate
Lifesaving
Phase II(Tailored Capabilities)
U.S. Navy Response
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
OPERATION UNIFIED RESPONSEPort au Prince Haiti
• Port = critical infrastructure• Severely damaged• Airport not able to sustain delivery
of aid• Detailed port assessment needed
to:– Avoid hazards – Prepare site for expeditionary offload
– Repair facility
Vast majority of the world’s population live within a few hundred
miles of the ocean. Bulk of capabilities and supplies that
ultimately sustained relief effort were delivered by sea.
South Pier collapsed North Pier sunk
Pier damaged
Cars & containersin harbor
Airplanes at International Airport in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, sit parked prior to being offloaded in support
of earthquake relief efforts 17 Jan 2010.
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
VINSON (CVN)USNS COMFORT (T-AH)NORMANDY (CG)BUNKER HILL (CG)HIGGINS (DDG)UNDERWOOD (FFG) USNS GRASP (T-ARS)
BATAAN ARG with 22 MEU:BATAAN (LHD)FORT MCHENRY (LSD)CARTER HALL (LSD)GUNSTON HALL (LSD)
Guantanamo Bay (Cuba):Joint Logistics Hub (CTF 48)
USNS HENSON (T-AGS)USNS JACK LUMMUS (T-AK)SACAGAWEA (T-AKE) NASSAU ARG with 24 MEU:NASSAU (LHD)MESA VERDE (LPD)ASHLAND (LSD) CAPE MAY (T-AKR)USNS PFC DEWAYNE WILLIAMS (T-AK)HUAKAI (MV)USNS BIG HORN (T-AO)CORNHUSKER STATE (T-ACS)LEWIS AND CLARK (T-AKE)
Civil Affairs, Security,Logistics Support, Seabees, Combat Camera, Navy Divers Engineers
JTF Port Opening (CTF 42)
P-3sE-2s
Predators
Largest Humanitarian Response Mission in U.S. Navy History:
14,000 Sailors, 23 ships, 89 aircraft
OPERATION UNIFIED RESPONSEU.S. Navy Response
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
UNCLAS
ATHABASKAN (DDG, Canada)
HALIFAX (FF, Canada)
TARASCO (Aux, Mexico)
ZAPOTECO (Aux, Mexico)
HUASTECO (Aux, Mexico)
PAPALOAPAN (LST, Mexico)
USUMACINTA (LST, Mexico)
CASTILLA (LPD, Spain)
CAVOUR (CVH, Italy)
SIROCO (LPD, France)
LARGS BAY (LSD, UK)
BUENAVENTURA (Aux, COL)
CARTAGENA DE INDIAS (AUX, COL)
CAPANA (LST, VEN)
ESEQUIBO (LST, VEN)
ADMIRANTE SABOIA (LST, Brazil)
Part of a Larger International Response
OPERATION UNIFIED RESPONSEPartner Navy Response
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
USAIDDepartment of State
Partner MilitaryWorld Food Programme
PartnersKey Point #1
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
Situational AwarenessKey Point #2
• Must rapidly determine:– Extent of damage (civilian commercial partners)
Google satellite imagery Aid workers, host nation reports Cell phone pictures
– Status of logistics hubs– Lines of communication– Location of suffering– Best distribution points
• Must also know:– Who contributing what aid– When relief supplies coming– What conveyance – Partner capabilities / needs
Awareness helps define requirements and priorities to enable flow of manpower and supplies
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
• HADR operations underscore importance of collaboration
• Non-classified info-sharing networks– All Partner Access Network (APAN)– InRelief.org web portal
• Bridge-bridge between ship captains • Phone/e-mail between liaison officers
and headquarters• Social networking media allowing
anyone to upload info in real-time• Blackberry, cell phones, radios ashore Militaries do not need to control flow, but must be able
to inject and extract from central info hubs at will
Collaboration/CoordinationKey Point #3
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
• Value of regional military interactions• Public-Private Partnerships are important • HADR operations require coordination and collaboration
among many agencies, both governmental and nongovernmental with the military in a supporting role.
• During HADR operations unity of command may not be possible, but the requirement for unity of effort becomes paramount.
Unity of EffortKey Point #4
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
• Non-military government/civilian agencies and international organizations are the experts
• Know local laws and culture• USAID is lead US agency for foreign disasters • Never have enough helicopters• Time is not on your side; rescues come early• Uncertain environment• Sheltering, food, fresh water and medical needs first wave• It always takes longer than you expect / plan• Utility restoration/roadwork are needed to transition• Security and safety concerns both the serving and those being served• Media and VIPs come early and need handling
Common ThreadsSome things are always the same
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability
• Geography and demography dictate the nature of operations• Effected nation’s capability and desire for help• Casualties and displaced persons• Metrics for assessing needs or success• Language• How the end is determined• Operational environment• How quickly Media and VIPs lose interest• Personalities and experience of NGOs and other crisis
responders• Rules of engagement or rules for the use of force
Common ThreadsSome things are not
16Areas Affected by Tsunami Areas Affected by Tsunami
Banda Aceh
Phuket
Utapao
Epicenter
Relief OpArea
Warfighting First - Operate Forward - Be Ready Unity - Security - Stability