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Eb`ptlr-0

0.0 Kmtrjouetkjm jg stuoy9 _bks ks `m `e`olhke rlsl`reb umolr tbl ejursl jg H`rdltkma

Vlsl`reb. @s `kh jg tbks rlsl`reb tj dmjw wby pjt`tj prkel flejhls bkab km F`mac`olsb. Kt

w`s mlelss`rkcy rlqukrlo tj alt blcp jg okgglrlmt sjurels. Ckdl

k. Kmtlrmlt pog ejccletkjm jm rlclv`mt kssul,

k. ^rkh`ry Ul`rebkma gjr kssuls wbkeb `rl rlspjmskfcl wjrcowkol gjr prkel-bkdl jg

pjt`tj,

kk. Vlejamktkjm jg tbl hjst ejmelrmkma kssuls gjr prkel-bkdl jg pjt`tj,

kkk. ^rlp`rl qulstkjmm`krl tj dmjw wbjcls`clr, rlt`kclr `mo stjrldllplrs lxplrklmel

`fjut gjr wbkeb rl`sjm pjt`tj prkel flejhls bkab.

Jm f`sks jg ejccletlo o`t` grjh gklco survly, `m `m`cytke`c sjgtw`rl U^UU 07 b`s fllm uslo tj

h`dl ` o`t`f`sl `mo kt blcplo tj `m`cyzl9

k. Grlqulmey, kk. _-tlst, kkk. Vlarlsskjm V`tl kv. G`etjrs.

0.6 F`edarjumo jg tbl Utuoy9Flgjrl tj okseuss tb`t wby tbks stuoy mlelss`ry. Kts ` almlr`c

ejmelrm tb`t pjt`tj ks jml dkmos jg gjjo-erjp wbkeb e`m l`skcy `o`pt tbl lgglet jg acjf`c

w`rhkma. Bjwlvlr, kts pjtlmtk`c gjjo mo km F`mac`olsbk ekreuhst`mels, lvlry sl`sjm akvkma `

bual prjouetkjm jg pjt`tj. Uj tj gkmokma tbl rlspjmskfcl g`etjrs tb`t `gglets pjt`tj-prkel jmcy

e`m `ccjw tj t`dl `etkjm.

0.5 Jfilet jg tbl Utuoy9 H`km jfiletkvl K tj frkma tbl pjt`tj l`skcy v`kc`fcl km fjtb rl-b`rvlst

`mo ^jst-b`rvlst sl`sjm. @mo kt jmcy pjsskfcl `gtlr dmjwkma gjr wbkeb kt kmerl`sl `mo `csj

g`etjrs wbkeb rl tbrl`tlmkma kts spjmt`mljus prjouetkjm.

@mo tj ejmouet h`km jfiletkvl, h`my suf-jfiletkvls ckdl dmjwkma

Bjw prkel flejhls bkab:

Qblm kt b`s arl`t erumeb tj kmerl`sl:

Qb`t hjrl rl`sjm tb`t `gglet pjt`tj h`rdlt:

Qb`t tbl g`etjr jr g`etjrs tbl rlspjmolmt b`s hjstcy lxplrklmelo `t pjt`tj h`rdlt:

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_jaltblr kt e`m fl tktclo `s jfiletkvl jg dmjwkma QB-g`etjrs. @ sh`cc-glrtkcl Ujutb-@sk`m

ejumtry ckdl F`mac`olsb b`s blkabt pjtlmtk`ckty tj prjouel gjjo-prjouets. Ukhpcy tblrl b`s

sjhl f`rrklr wbkeb clt mjt prjouel mo suppcy pjt`tj-ckdl bkab pjtlmtk`c prjouet f`rrklr-clss.

Jvlr`cc jfiletkvl jg tbks rlsl`reb ks tj mjtl ojwm tbl dly v`rk`fcls `mo `etkjm tj sjcvl tblh.

0.? Vlsl`reb Pulstkjms9

k. Qbkeb tbkma ejhls t yjur hkmo gkrst, wblm yju tbkmd fjut rl`sjm jg prkel-bkdl jg

pjt`tj:

kk. Qb`t `mswlr yju b`vl kg jml s`ykma tb`t kmerl`skma mllos e`usl prkel-bkdl jg

pjt`tj:

kkk. Bjw yju r`tl kg jml `sdkma tb`t e`m eckh`tl flejhls ` rl`sjm jg bkablr prkel:

kv. Bjw oj yju r`tl Ujkc Bl`ctb E`usl ^rkel-bkdl:

v. Bjw yju h`rd tb`t kg jml s`ykma tb`t m`tur`c stjr`al ol`cs wktb ejco-stjr`al:

vk. Bjw tj r`tl Aljcjake`c G`etjrs E`usl ^rkel-bkdl:

vkk. Qbkeb clvlc jg h`rdkma yju wksb tj oj gjr kg s`ykma prjelsskma cjss e`usl prkel-bkdl:

vkkk. Bjw yju r`tl tb`t prjouetkjm ejst kmerl`sl pjt`tj prkel:

kx. Bjw oj yju h`rd Ullo e`usl prkel-bkdl:

x. Qbkeb r`tkma ks gjr Glrtkckzlr Kmokrletcy Kmgculmel ^rkel-bkdl:

xk. Qbkeb r`tkma ks gjr Kmslets `mo Oksl`sls Kmgculmel rkel-bkdl:

xkk. Bjw tj r`tl tb`t rlslcckma ck`fcl gjr prkel-bkdl:

xkkk. Bjw yju r`tl kg Olerl`skma rjouelr Kmspkrl rkel-bkdl:

xkv. Qbkeb r`tkma ks flttlr gjr ^rl-b`rvlst cjss e`usl prkel-bkdl:

0.< Bypjtblsks9 _brjuab tbl rlsl`reb prjelss. @mjtblr fka trjufcl w`s tb`t h`my pljpcl b`s

sdkpplo sjhl r`tkmas wbkeb flcjma tj tbl Ckdlrt Ue`cl. H`my rlspjmolmts wlrl um`fcl tj

`mswlr. Fle`usl tbly wlrl ejmguslo jr tbly bl`ro sjhl jg pjtlmtk`c rl`sjm gjr tbl gkrst tkhl.

Ujhl `rl rlguslo s`ykma tb`t tbly `rl fusy `mo e`mt rlejamkzl `my rl`sjm flbkmo prkel-bkdl.

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0.7Uejpl jg tbl Utuoy9

`. Uktu`tkjm9 @s prkel-bkdl jg pjt`tj ks mjt ` wlcc-ejmelrmkma kssul wjrcowkol ylt. Blcp jg

kmtlrmlt w`s ckhktlo. @mo h`tlrk`cs grjh pog w`s r`rlcy gkmo`fcl, Jm-gklco wjrd w`s rlqukrlo

tkhl `mo fr`km wjrd bkabcy. ^rjf`fcy tbks typls jg `e`olhke rlsl`reb ejmouetlo fy ` prkv`tlv`rskty gjr gkrst tkhl. _bus suppjrtkma h`tlrk`cs wlrl vlry ckhktlo.

f.G`etjrs9Gkrstcy, w`s tj a`tblr rlclv`mt pog `mo pjkmt jut suppjrtlo gl`turls `mo hlss`al.

@csj khpjrt`mt w`s tj ejmelrm tbl rlspjmo tb`t wb`t typl jg survly ks tbks `mo bjw tj rlspjmo,

Vlspjmskfkckty w`s tj ejpl-up stlp fy stlp tj h`dl ` bkabcy prjouetkvl

e. Ejmskolr`tkjm9 Kt w`s `olqu`tlcy h`kmt`kmlo tj ejmouet tbl wbjcl rlsl`reb prjelss

shjjtbcy mo km struetur`c w`y. Ejmskolr`tkjm w`s st`rtlo grjh a`tblr kmgjrh`tkjm grjh wlf.

_blm `m`cyzl, prlslrv`tkjm, slcletkma gr`hlwjrd `mo mjtl ojwm mlloy v`rk`fcls wlrl ` cjma

ejmskolrkma `mo `oiusthlmt prjelss.

Jm-Gklco-Ejmskolrkma g`ets wlrl9 c`el, ljpcl, Hjhlmt, H`m`al tj alt suppjrt, Pulstkjmkma

tlebmkqul, Ejmtrjvlrsk`c kssuls, Flb`vkjr, _khl h`m`alhlmt lte.

0.1 Ukamkgke`mel jg tbl stuoy9 _bks stuoy ks jm ` prjouet wbkeb `rl bkabcy mlloy gjr o`y tj o`y

ckgl. @m `arkeuctur`c prjouet wbkeb e`m l`skcy `ojpt tbl Acjf`c Qjrhkma.

_bks khpjrt`mt gjr tbl ^rjouelr, O`kcy-uslr, Ejco-stjr`al, Gjjo-Kmoustry, Lxpjrtlr, Khpjrtlr,

Jtblr Utjed dllplr, \pejhkma prjilets lte.

Fle`usl kt rlc`tlo tj gkmo tbl uctkh`tl rl`sjm tj gkmo tbl rl`sjm gjr wb`t pljpcl g`el bkab

p`yhlmtjg-pjt`tj.

Grjh prjouelr tkcc gkm`c \slr e`m `vjko prkel-bkdl jg pjt`tj jmcy dmjwkma rl`sjms jg kt. @mo `s

tbl hkoocl-h`m uslr, Kmoustrkls, Khpjrtlr, Lxpjrtlr, Qbjcls`clr, Vlt`kclr lte. e`m w`rl fjut

rl`sjm jg prkel-bkdl mo e`m t`dl olqu`tl prle`utkjm`ry stlps.

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0.2 Ckhkt`tkjms jg _bl stuoy9 H`my b`hplrkma kssuls wlrl tblrl wbkcl oko rlsl`reb.

Kts ` qu`mtkt`tkvl rlsl`reb. Bjwlvlr tbl prkjrkty ks jm f`sks jg h`ijrkty jg rlspjmsl. Gjr

lx`hpcl, Hjst jg tbl pljpcl flcklvl tb`t pjt`tj prkel kmerl`sl gjr M`tur`c Vl`sjm. Uj kt wkcc

fl bkabckabtlo. Fut kts mjt tbl jmcy rl`sjm, `s wl `pprlek`tl. Ckhkt`tkjm `csj fle`usl jgKm`fkckty `mo \mwkcckmamlss jg t`ralt pljpcl. _bks stuoy w`s mjt ejmouetlo `cc `rjumo tbl

F`mac`olsb.

H`km prjouetkjm rl` Mjrtb-Flma`c mo F`rks`c ks kmecuolo umolr tbks rlsl`reb.

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Eb`ptlr-6

Cktlr`turl Vlvklw9

@ rlpjrt b`s fllm prlp`rlo jm tbl Ejst jg ^jt`tj ^rjouetkjm gjr Ko`bj wktb Ejhp`rksjms tj

6>06 kmtlmtkjm`ccy ejhp`rlo ejst jg pjt`tj km 6>05 wktb yl`r 6>06 `mo gjr Ko`bj. Kt b`s

gjumolo tb`t eckh`tl`mosjkcb`o h`ijr rl`sjm jg prkel bkdl km pjt`tj km 6>05. Jml tl`rs a`p

w`s rlsuctkma grjh tbl m`rrjwlo gkrh skzl `mo olvjtlo `erls. _brll prjouekma Vlakjm wlrl

`ggletlo fy tbks. Ql gjumo tb`t aukcty fuoalt gjr mjm-stjr`al & stjr`al pjt`tj b`s erl`tlo

upw`ro prkel. Eb`makma gulc ejst b`o lgglets jm okgglrlmt prkel jg pjt`tj grjm6>06 tj

6>05(^`uc, 6>05).

@mjtblr Ejmouetlo fy @yuf Bjss`km `mo Hjm`ylh Hk`b jm stuoy ^jst B`rvlst Cjssls `mo

_lebmke`c Lggkeklmey jg jt`tj Utjr`al Uystlhs km F`mac`olsb w`s e`rrklo jut wktb tbl suppjrt

jg tbl MG^EG^, \U@KO, G@J, `mo ^ljpcls Vlpufcke jg F`mac`olsb. _bks stuoy sbjws gkmalr jm

ckmd`al jg stjr`alsystlh, prjelsskmacjss`mo fugglrstjed`s e`usl jg prkel bkdl km jgg-sl`sjm.

Kt st`tlo tb`t tjt`c prl-stjr`al cjss w`s 2.0>;).

Or. Husb`rr`g jm Bks rlpjrt jm ^jt`tj Gc`dls & ^jwolr Kmecuokma Fuskmlss Gl`skfkckty Utuokls

`mo ^rjpjslo @etkjm ^c`ms gjumolo tb`t F`mac`olsb aljcjake`ccy ks mjt grklmocy tj gjrlkam

l`rmkma fy lxpjrtkma pjt`tj. Bjwlvlr `ctbjuab kt ks pjsskfcl tj hllt pjt`tj olh`mo

wjrcowkol. Aljcjay b`s rlstrketkjm jm pjt`tj h`rdltkma. @t Humskajmi km F`mac`olsb, Ejst jg

prjouetkjm ck`fcl tj hjtkv`tl prkel bkdl (Husb`rr`g, 6>05).

@m `mmu`c Vlpjrt jm H`rdlt Kmtlcckalmel Uystlh F`slckml O`t` gjr ^jt`tj & Jmkjm rlglrrlo

Kmtlrm`tkjm`c ^jsktkjm jg ^jt`tj wktbkm 6>0> `mo 6>00. @s ` 6mo pjsktkjmlo pjt`tj prjouelr

ejumtry. Kmok` `csj vketkh jg c`dl jg stjr`al `mo prl-stjr`al cjss. Bkab okstkmetkjm fltwllm

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prjouetkjm `rl` `mo h`rdlt e`usl prkel bkdl km ^jt`tj. @meklmt Euctkv`tkjm hltbjo `mo

kmsuggkeklmey jg Ajvlrmhlmt`c suppjrt e`usls prkel bkdl km Kmok`m pjt`tj (UGUL, 6>06).

Ujhl gkmokmas grjh ^jt`tj W`cul Eb`km @m`cysks `mo Olvlcjphlmt km Ltbkjpk` sbjw tb`t kt ks

fle`usl jg kmtlar`tkjm, tr`ms`etkjm p`yhlmt, g`ktbclss hjjo, kmlggkeklmey mo bkab tr`ms`etkjm

Ejst (Flz`fkb mo Hlmakstu, 6>00).

H`rdltkma `mo stjr`al prjfclhs `rl slrkjus ejmstr`kmts jm tbl olvlcjphlmt `mo arjwtb jg

tbl pjt`tj kmoustry km F`mac`olsb (^jt`tj `mo Uwllt ^jt`tj km F`mac`olsb). ^jt`tjls `rl

plrksb`fcl `mo fucdy, `mo tblrlgjrl g`rhlrs `rl ejhplcclo tj okspjsl jg tblkr prjouel

khhlok`tlcy `gtlr b`rvlst. _bl b`rvlst sl`sjm gjr pjt`tj ks vlry frklg `mo tbl suppcy ourkma

tbl plrkjo jg b`rvlst `cw`ys lxellos tbl olh`mo, e`uskma prkels tj orjp. Qblrl tblrl `rl

ejco stjr`al g`ekcktkls, g`rhlrs e`m dllp pjt`tjls `mo w`kt gjr prkels tj rksl. Ejco stjr`al

g`ekcktkls tblrlgjrl `rl vlry khpjrt`mt tj kmerl`skma tbl pjt`tj prjouetkjm km F`mac`olsb

(@yufur, 0;;>).

_bl suppcy `mo olh`mo g`etjrs `gglet tbl g`rh clvlc prkel. Jm tbl olh`mo skol, plr e`pkt`

ejmsuhptkjm b`s olerl`slo fy `chjst ` b`cg, `mo tbl usl jg pjt`tjls b`s sbkgtlo grjh

ejmsuhptkjm jg t`fcl stjed pjt`tjls tjw`ros arl`tlr clvlcs jg prjelsslo pjt`tj prjouets. Jm

tbl suppcy skol, ojhlstke prjouetkjm clvlcs jg pjt`tjls olerl`slo fy iust jvlr 5>%, wbkcst

arjwlr muhflrs olerl`slo fy arl`tlr tb`m 106).

C`ral hkooclh`m h`rakms tb`t rlstrket prkels rlelkvlo fy pjjr g`rhlrs km clss olvlcjplo

ejumtrkls (COEs) `rl jgtlm flcklvlo tj ejmstr`km arjwtb `mo pjvlrty rlouetkjm km tblsl

ejumtrkls (U`mokp lt c, 6>05).

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Eb`ptlr-5 Hltbjojcjay9

5.0 Vlsl`reb _ypl9 F`ske`ccy twj typls jg. Jml Pu`ckt`tkvl rlsl`reb `mo `mjtblr Pu`mtkt`tkvl

rlsl`reb.

Pu`ckt`tkvl rlsl`reb ks ` h`ijr `e`olhke rlsl`reb `mo tbl f`sks jg `w`rokma tblsks `mo

oksslrt`tkjm (Gjr H`dkma Ojetjr`tl) Qjrcowkol. Kt prjouel kmgjrh`tkjm jmcy jm tbl p`rtkeuc`r

e`sls stuokls.

Jm tbl jtblr b`mo, Pu`mtkt`tkvl rlsl`reb ks ` systlh`tke lhpkrke`c jg jfslrv`fcl pblmjhlm`

vk` st`tkstke`c, H`tblh`tke`c jr ejhput`tkjm`c tlebmkqul. Kts ` rlsl`reb km wbkeb rlsl`reblr

`m`cyzl tbl o`t` wktb st`tkstkes. @mo c`tlr tbl h`tblh`tke`c jfslrv`tkjm.

@ctbjuab tbks rlsl`reb ks `m `e`olhke rlsl`reb. Fut usl jg se`ckma tlebmkqul `mo st`tkstke`c

`m`cyzl tj oltlrhkml o`t` grlqulmey, Erjss t`fcl m`cysks, t-tlst, Vlarlsskjm V`tl, Okserkhkm`mt

@m`cysks, G`etjr m`cysks h`dl kt fsjcutlcy Pu`mtkt`tkvl rlsl`reb.

Grjh tbl pjkmt jg vklw jg jfiletkvls9

Lxpcjr`tjry Vlsl`reb9 Ks ` rlsl`reb tj dmjw ` h`ttlr tb`t b`s mjt ecl`rcy olgkmlo ylt. Kt jgtlm

jeeurs flgjrl wl dmjw lmjuab tj h`dl lmjuab ejmelptu`c okstkmetkjm4

Olserkptkvl Vlsl`reb9 Jfiletkvls jg tbks rlsl`reb ks tj olserkfl tbl eb`r`etlrkstkes jg v`rkjus

@splets4

E`us`c Vlsl`reb9 kts `kh ks tj tlst bypjtblsks `fjut e`usl-`mo-lgglet bypjtblsks. Kt blcps tj

oltlrhkml e`usl-`mo-lgglet rlc`tkjmsbkp fltwllm v`rk`fcls.

H`kmcy tbks ks ` Olserkptkvl typl jg Pu`mtkt`tkvl Vlsl`reb. Fle`usl tbks rlsl`reb ks rlsuctkmagrjh ` survly wbkeb b`s ejmouetlo tbrjuab ` qulstkjmm`krl. Kts `csj ` e`us`c rlsl`reb.

Fle`usl c`tlr kt tlst e`usl-`mo-lgglet bypjtblsks.

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5.6 O`t` _ypl `mo Ujurel9

_ypl9 F`ske`ccy wl s`w Pu`ckt`tkvl `mo Pu`mtkt`tkvl twj typl jg o`t`.

Pu`ckt`tkvl o`t` hl`ms ` e`tlajrke`c `mo lxprlsskvl hl`surlhlmt km wbkeb se`ckma

hl`surlhlmt ks `fslmt. Lx`hpcl9 Ejcjr EbjkelZ `. Arllm, f. Fcul

Pu`mtkt`tkvl o`t` lxpc`km ` elrt`km qu`mtkty, `hjumt jr r`mal. Hl`surlhlmt umkt `ssjek`tlo

wktb tbks o`t` typl. Lx`hpcl9 Hltlrs, V`md

_bks rlsl`reb fl`rs hjstcy qu`mtkt`tkvl o`t`. Fle`usl blrl ` ckdlrt se`cl ks vklwlo.

Ujurels9

^rkh`ry o`t` ks `csj e`cclo jrkakm`c o`t` wbkeb `rl gjumolo fy rlsl`reblr. Vlsl`reblr gkrst

ejmelptu`ckzl tbks typl jg o`t`. Kts hueb upo`tlo typl.

Ulejmo`ry o`t`ks tb`t dkmos jg o`t` wbkeb `rl ejccletlo fy sjhljml jtblr tb`m tbl uslr.

Jgtlm kts f`edo`tlo.

Vlsl`reb jm Vl`sjm jg ^rkel-bkdl jg pjt`tj km F`mac`olsb ks f`slo jm prkh`ry o`t`. Fle`usl

kts `m l`rcklr rlsl`reb (km F`mac`olsb) gjr pjt`tj prkel. W`rk`fcls `rl mjtlo ejmelmtr`tkma jmf`ske mo pjtlmtk`c rl`sjms.

5.5 _`ralt jpuc`tkjm mo U`hpckma Gr`hl9

_`ralt ^jpuc`tkjm9Gjr survly kt hl`ms `m lmtkrl slt jg rlspjmolmts wbj wkcc p`rtkekp`tl tj

suppcy survly o`t` jr sjhlbjw ks slcletlo `s suppjrt jg rlsl`reb.

Km tbks rlsl`reb, tbl t`ralt pjpuc`tkjm ks Fuskmlssh`m jg ^jt`tj.

U`hpckma Gr`hl9 Kts ` sjurel h`tlrk`c jr olvkel fy wbkeb ` s`hpcl ks or`wm. Kt ks ` ckst jg `cc

tbjsl wbj e`m fl s`hpclo.

Km tbks rlsl`reb, tbl s`hpckma gr`hl h`tlrk`cs `rl9 `. Qbjcls`clr, f. Utjed-dllplr `mo e.

Vlt`kclr.

5.? U`hpckma Ukzl mo _lebmkqul9

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U`hpckma Ukzl9 Hkmkhuh r`tl 5>, gjr hjrl `eeur`ey 0>>, Kmekolmel r`tl 2>% jr >.2 `mo

Ejhpcltkjm r`tl ;>% jr >.;. Bjwlvlr c`tlr tbl s`hpcl skzl w`s upar`olo fy 6> hjrl ejpkls.

_lebmkqul9 _wj typls jg s`hpckma tlebmkquls, f`ske`ccy. Mjmprjf`fkckty s`hpckma `mo

^rjf`fkckty s`hpckma.

`. Mjmprjf`fkckty s`hpckma rlckls jm tbl plrsjm`c iuoahlmt jg tbl rlsl`reblr r`tblr tb`m

eb`mel tj slclet s`hpcl lclhlmts.

f. ^rjf`fkckty s`hpckma ks s`hpckma km wbkeb l`eb jg tbl lclhlmts jg pjpuc`tkjm b`s gkx

prjf`fkckstke eb`mel jg flkma slcletlo gjr tbl s`hpcl. rjf`fkckty s`hpckma okvkolo kmtj9

Ukhpcl r`mojh s`hpckma9 L`eb lclhlmt km tbl pjpuc`tkjm b`s ` dmjwm mo `m lqu`c prjf`fkckty

jg slcletkjm. Lvlry lclhlmts `rl slcletlo kmolplmolmtcy. U`hpcl ks or`wm fy ` r`mojhprjelourl,

Uystlh`tke U`hpckma9 @ tlebmkqul km wbkeb tbl s`hpcl ks ebjslm fy slcletkma ` r`mojh st`rtkma

pjkmt. @mo tblm pkedkma tblh gjr km sueelsskjm gjrh,

Utr`tkgklo U`hpckma9 Kts ` twj-stlp prjelss km wbkeb tbl pjpuc`tkjm ks p`rtktkjmlo kmtj suf-

pjpuc`tkjm.

Ecustlr U`hpckma9 _bl t`ralt pjpuc`tkjm ks gkrst okvkolo kmtj hutu`ccy lxecuskvl `mo ejccletkvlcy

lxb`ustkvl sufpjpuc`tkjms e`cclo ecustlrs.

Ejmskolr`tkjm blrl gjr Ukhpcl V`mojh U`hpckma. _brjuab tbks rlsl`reb kt ks ec`rkgklo tb`t

h`ijrkty kmokvkou`c jg t`ralt arjup `pprlek`tl s`hl rl`sjm `s rlspjmskfcl gjr prkel-bkdl jg

pjt`tj.

5.< Vlsl`reb Kmstruhlmt/Pulstkjmm`krl9 @s kts survly wktbkm t`ralt arjup. @ qulstkjmm`krl

wktb prl-oltlrhkmlo ks lst`fcksblo.

Pulstkjmm`krl h`tlrk`cs9

Jml Huctkpcl Ebjkel Pulstkjm

Jml Okebjtjhjus Pulstkjm

Ckdlrt se`cl(ejmsksts jg 05 v`rk`fcls)

_wj Jplm Lmolo Pulstkjms

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_bl qulstkjmm`krl w`s olskamlo e`rlguccy `mo ejrrletlo fy Pulstkjmm`krl Olskam Ebledckst

grjh Fjjd _`fcl 0>.0. Ulmtlmels `rl ejmstruetlo wktb `m l`sy `mo grklmocy gjrh. Uj tb`t

rlspjmolmt e`m l`skcy umolrst`mo. C`tlr kt b`s ejmvlrtlo kmtj Flma`ck. @mo tbus kt orlw ` hjrl

ebllrguc survly lmvkrjmhlmt.

5.7 Ut`tkstke`c @m`cysks mo _jjcs9

_j ejmouet `m`cyzkma st`tkstke`ccy ` wkmojws sjgtw`rl b`s fllm uslo m`hlo U^UU 07.>

@m`cyzlo9

`. Grlqulmey (_`fcls9 Ut`tkstkes, _jp jg tbl Hkmo rl`sjm, Kmerl`skma Mllos E`usl ^rkel Bkdl)

f. _-tlst (_`fcl9 Jml-U`hpcl _lst)

e. Vlarlsskjm(_`fcls9 Hjolc Uuhh`ry, @MJW@, Ejlggkeklmts)

o. G`etjr @m`cysks (_`fcls9 DHJ `mo F`rtcltts _lst, _jt`c W`rk`mel Lxpc`kmlo, Vjt`tlo

Ejhpjmlmt H`trkx)

Eb`ptlr-? O`t` @m`cysks `mo Gkmokmas

Grlqulmey9

_bks t`fcl _jp jg tbl Hkmo fl`rkma tb`t wktbkm 06> pljpcl,

7/26/2019 Reason of Price Hike of Potato, Bangladesh Chapter

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t-tlst e`ceuc`tlo `mo erktke v`cul ks grjh fjjd `mo Okstrkfutkjm _`fcl-?. Blrl 002 olarll jg

grllojh mo >.>6< ks \pplr _`kc @rl`. t/eut-jgg/Erktke v`cul ks 0.;1;;. _bl fjvl t`fcl ?.6 akvls

e`ceuc`tlo v`culs jg t. _bl olekskjm rucl ks B wkcc fl rliletlo kg t-e`ceuc`tlo v`cul = t-erktke

v`cul. Fy ejhp`rkma e`ceuc`tlo v`cul wktb erktke v`cul kt e`m fl sllm tb`t `p`rt grjh tbl skzl

`mo ejvl `cc tbl _-Olvk`tkjm `rl skamkgke`mt `t >.>< clvlc. _bus B e`mmjt fl rliletlo gjr skzl

`mo ejvl.

Vlarlsskjm9Blrl gjeus ks jm _`fcl Hjolc suhh`ry, @MJW@ mo Ejlggkeklmt.Hjolc Uuhh`ry9

Blrl wl wkcc jfslrvl Ejcuhm V-squ`rl `mo @oiustlo V Uqu`rl.V Uqu`rl wkcc hust sbjw 7>%

jg rlarlsskjm `mo @oiustlo V Uqu`rl mllo tj st`y vlry ecjslr jg V Uqu`rl t`fcl v`cul.

?.5 Hjolc Uuhh`ry

Hjolc V V Uqu`rl @oiustlo V Uqu`rl Uto. Lrrjr jg tbl Lstkh`tl

0 .?21` .652 .007 .2>2

`. ^rloketjrs9 (Ejmst`mt), ^rlZB`rvlst`cZCjssZE`uslZ^rkelZBkdl, UllosZE`uslZ^rkelZBkdl,

M`tur`cZUtjr`alZOl`csZQktbZEjcoZUtjr`al, Olerl`skmaZ^rjouelrZKmspkrlZ^rkelZBkdl,

^rjelsskmaZCjssZE`uslZBkablrZ^rkel, GlrtkckzlrZKmokrletcyZKmgculmelZ^rkelZBkdl,

UjkcZBl`ctbZLggetsZJmZ^jt`tjZ^rkel, VlslcckmaZCk`fclZGjrZ^rkelZBkdl,

Eckh`tlZE`uslZ^rkelZBkdl, KmsletsZ@moZOksl`slsZKmgculmelZ^rkelZBkdl,

^rjouetkjmZEjstZKmerl`slZ^jt`tjZ^rkel

f. Olplmolmt W`rk`fcl9 Aljcjake`cZG`etZE`uslZ^rkelZBkdl

Blrl Hjolc-0 V (Vlarlsskjm) r`tl ks ?2.1%, Huctkpcl V Uqu`rl ks 00.7% `mo kt hl`ms. _bus kts

pjsskfcl tj tlcc tb`t 00.7% jg tjt`c v`rk`fkckty km l`rmkma ks lxpc`kmlo fy tbl hjolc.

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?.? @MJW@f

Hjolc Uuh jg Uqu`rls og Hl`m Uqu`rl G Uka.

0 Vlarlsskjm 0?.>

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?.? .2;2 6.2;; .>>0 .>21 -.6;5 -6.5>7 .>6?

UjkcZBl`ctbZLggetsZJmZ

^jt`tjZ^rkel.>61 .>21 .>51 .5>1 .17>

M`tur`cZUtjr`alZOl`cs

ZQktbZEjcoZUtjr`al-.>27 .>1< -.0?< -0.0?6 .6;< .055 0.01? .6??

^rjouetkjmZEjstZKmerl

`slZ^jt`tjZ^rkel.>;< .0>6 .05> .;6; .55; .>27 -.>

7/26/2019 Reason of Price Hike of Potato, Bangladesh Chapter

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_bks ks tbl hjst kmtlrlstkma jg `cc. Bjwlvlr, Eckh`tl E`usl ^rkel Bkdl b`s 6.2;; t-st`tkstke `mo

Ukamkgke`mel .7 `mo Ukamkgke`mel 6.?%,

M`tur`c Utjr`al Ol`cs wktb Ejco Utjr`al b`s t-v`cul -0.0?6 `mo skamkgke`mel .6

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?.1 _jt`c W`rk`mel Lxpc`kmlo ( Kts um-rjt`tlo )

Ejh

pjm

lmt

Kmktk`c Lkalmv`culs

Lxtr`etkjm Uuhs jg Uqu`rlo

Cj`okmas

Vjt`tkjm Uuhs jg Uqu`rlo

Cj`okmas

_jt`c

% jg

W`rk`mel

Euhuc`tkv

l % _jt`c

% jg

W`rk`mel

Euhuc`tkv

l % _jt`c

% jg

W`rk`mel

Euhuc`t

kvl %

0 6.>5< 07.;

< 0.0?0 ;.7 77.01> 0.0?0 ;.7 77.01> 0.??? 06.>5> 77.01>

7 .2;? 15.67?

1 .10;

2 .105 ;?.>

06 .611 6.50> 0>>.>>>

_bl t`fcl sbjwkma < slcletlo v`rk`fcls mo okgglrlmt Lkalm W`culs. Blrl v`rk`fcls rl slcletlo

wblm tblkr Lkalm W`culs `rl 0 jr hjrl. @mo kts tbl rl`sjm jg ejhpjmlmts 0,6,5,?, `mo < `rl

slcletlo. Bjwlvlr, ejhpjmlmt 7 tj 06 b`s okstkmet ejmstruets. _bus kt suhh`rkzlo wktb km `vlr`al.

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?.2 Vjt`tlo Ejhpjmlmt H`trkx`

Ejhpjmlmt

0 6 5 ? ;5 .612

UjkcZBl`ctbZLggetsZJmZ^jt`t

jZ^rkel.0>; .005 -.020

M`tur`cZUtjr`alZOl`csZQktb

ZEjcoZUtjr al.671 .51> . .?565 -.>50 -.0?; .111 -.066

^rjelsskmaZCjssZE`uslZBkab

lrZ^rkel.0?? .>?2 .>71 .1>; .6; .6>0 -.061 .6>5 -.>16? -.?;1

GlrtkckzlrZKmokrletcyZKmgculme

lZ^rkelZBkdl.127 -.00> .>71 -.>5< .>67

KmsletsZ@moZOksl`slsZKmgcul

melZ^rkelZBkdl-.>>5 .0;; .2?5 .>15 -.>76

VlslcckmaZCk`fclZGjrZ^rkelZ

Bkdl-.>76 -.0>; .>10 .>?? .2676 -.? .>17

^rlZB`rvlst`cZCjssZE`uslZ^

rkelZBkdl -.011 .?56 .617 .

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Lxtr`etkjm Hltbjo9 rkmekp`c Ejhpjmlmt @m`cysks.

Vjt`tkjm Hltbjo9 W`rkh`x wktb D`kslr Mjrh`ckz`tkjm.

`. Vjt`tkjm ejmvlralo km 1 ktlr`tkjms.

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Blrl, < ejhpjmlmts tb`t tbl g`etjr `m`cysks b`s kolmtkgklo. G`etjr 0 b`s blkabt ejlggkeklmt .2>;

gjr ^jt`tj ^rkel Kmerl`sl ^rkel-bkdl, Ulejmo blkabt ks .127 gjr glrtkckzlr kmokrletcy kmgculmel

prkel-bkdl `mo _bkro blkabt ks .6 gjr sllos E`usl ^rkel Bkdl.

G`etjr 6 b`s blkabt .155 gjr Eckh`tl E`usl ^rkel-bkdl, tblm .102 gjr Ujkc Bl`ctb Lgglets jm^jt`tj rkel.

G`etjr 5 b`s blkabt v`cul .2?5 jg Kmslets `mo Oksl`sls kssul, slejmocy .765 gjr Olerl`skma

^rjouelr Kmspkrl rkel-bkdl, tbkrocy .; gjr ^rjelsskma Cjss

e`usl prkel-bkdl, .

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Vlglrlmels9

0. ^`uc L. ^`ttlrsjm (6>05). 6>05 Ejst jg ^jt`tj ^rjouetkjm gjr Ko`bj wktb Ejhp`rksjms

tj 6>06 ^rjilet sufhkttlo tj _bl Ejst jg ^jt`tj ^rjouetkjm @ovksjry Ejhhkttll `mo

tbl Ko`bj ^jt`tj Ejhhksskjm V & L Ejhhkttll, Ulrkls Mj. 05->6, ^^ 0-5

6.

Ho. @yuf Bjss`km `mo H. @. Hjm`ylh Hk`b (6>>;). ^jst-B`rvlst Cjssls mo _lebmke`c

Lggkeklmey jg ^jt`tj Utjr`al Uystlhs km F`mac`olsb F`mac`olsb@arkeuctur`c Vlsl`reb

Kmstktutl, Vlpjrt EG # 6/>2, Kssul9 jst B`rvlst Cjssls mo _lebmke`c Lggkeklmey jg ^jt`tj

Utjr`al Uystlhs km F`mac`olsb, ^ ?-05). ^jt`tj Gc`dls & ^jwolr Kmecuokma Fuskmlss Gl`skfkck ty

Utuokls `mo ^rjpjslo @etkjm ^c`ms _j9 F`mac`olsb KMU^KVLO, Kssul9 ^jt`tj Gc`dls &

^jwolr Kmecuokma ` Fuskmlss Gl`skfkckty stuoy `mo ^rjpjslo @etkjm ^c`ms, ^^ 06). F`slckml O`t` gjr ^jt`tj `mo

Jmkjm Ejhpkclo Fy Kmok`m @arkfuskmlss Uystlhs ^vt. Cto, Kssul9 F`slckml o`t` gjr

^jt`tj `mo Jmkjm, ^ 05

00). ^jt`tj W`cul Eb`km `m`cysks `mo

Olvlcjphlmt km Ltbkjpk`, Uufhkttlo tj Kmtlrm`tkjm`c jt`tj Elmtlr EK^-Ltbkjpk`, Kssul9

Flttlr ^jt`tj gjr Flttlr Ckgl, ^^

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1.

_bjrml G (6>06). ^rkelWjc`tkckty `mo G`rh Kmejhl Ut`fkckz`tkjm,^`plr jg 065roL@@L

Ulhkm`r, Kssul9 ^jt`tj ^rkels `s @ggletlo fy Uuppcy `mo Olh`mo G`etjrs, ^ 0

2.

U`mokp Hktr`, Okckp Hjjdblrill, H`xkhj _jrlrj `mo Uui`t` Wks`rk` (6>05). @m

Lxplrkhlmt wktb Qlst Flma`c jt`tj G`rhlrs, Kmtlrm`tkjm`c Gjjo jckey `mo Vlsl`reb

Kmstktutl KG^VK, Kssul9 Lxplrkhlmt wktb Qlst Flma`c ^jt`tj G`rhlrs, ^^ 0-6

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W`rk`fcl Ckst9

0. Eckh`tl

6. Ujkc

5. Utjr`al E`p`ekty

?. Aljcjake`c Vlstrketkjm

.Lgglets jg pjt`tj kmslets

00.Lgglet jg ^jt`tj Oksl`sl

06.Lgglet jg hkooclhlm

05.

Fugglr Utjed/ Utjed gjr slcckma `t bkab prkel

0?.Olerl`sl km Arjwlrs Muhflr

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@pplmokx

_bl qulstkjmm`krl ks olskamlo tj or`a tbl rl`sjm jg ^rkel bkdl km pjt`tj km F`mac`olsb. Kt ks `m

`e`olhke rlsl`reb. cl`sl mswlr spjmt`mljuscy mo pprlek`tl tj lxtr`et tbl rl`sjms wbkeb

`rl rlspjmskfcl tj wjrco wkol prkel-bkdl km pjt`tj. [jur `mswlr wkcc mjt fl pufcksblo `mo kts` ejhhkthlmt tj dllp slerley.

Qblm tbkmdkma `fjut tbl rl`sjm jg prkel-bkdl km pjt`tj. G`et tb`t ejhls gkrst `t yjur hkmo9

j M`tur`c

j H`m erl`tlo

Oj yju flcklvl tb`t r`pko arjwkma olh`mo gjr pjt`tj ks e`uskma prkel-bkdl:

J [ls J Mj

Utrjmacy Oks`arll Oks`arll Mlutr`c @arll Utrjmacy

@arll

Eckh`tl E`usl ^rkel Bkdl 0 6 5 ?