Rebecca Lee, PhDNAPPO Technical Director
ePhyto Steering Committee member
ePhyto Code Lists
Slides courtesy of Nico Horn, 2012, except where otherwise indicated.
• Why codes?
Fullest use of electronic system possible
– Avoids mismatches by typing errors– Unambiguous spelling of names, etc.– Language independent– Makes digital checks possible– More efficient– Flexibility to update
Harmonisation of Contents: Codes
Four Subgroups of Codes
- Scientific names
- Treatments
- Additional declarations
- Product description
Principles
• Use existing lists as much as possible• Preferrably these lists should be
available on the internet and regularly updated
• Only create new lists where really necessary
Scientific NamesWorking Procedure
• Formulate criteria for lists• Collect possible candidates• Short list three candidates• Select the preferred candidate• Formulate recommendation
Recommendation for Scientific Names
The EPPO list of plants and plant pests is the best candidateavailable at the moment to be used in ePhyto as list of pestand plant names including codes for them.
• Codes are easily accessible• They can be freely accessed:
http://eppo.org/DATABASES/eppt/eppt.htm• Or: Cheap subscription for electronic version of all names and
codes (similar to ISO country code list)• Takes into account synonyms, old names, pathovars and multi-
lingual common names• Additions to the list can be proposed and will be processed• However, additions should be considered only if involved in trade
(allows for prioritization of additions)
For cultivated and wild species (including weeds)For cultivated and wild species (including weeds)
5 letters = 3 (genus) + 2 (species)5 letters = 3 (genus) + 2 (species)
S O L T US O L T U
Solanum tuberosum: SOLTU
An unspecified species of Solanum: SOLSSSS
Genus Solanum: 11SOLGG
Solanaceae Family: 11SOLFF
Polemoniales Order: 11POMOO
Dicotyledons Group: 11DICSS
Magnoliophyta Division : 11MAGPP
Plant Kingdom: 11PLAKK
EPPO codes: A few general principles
Courtesy: EPPO, 2012
EPPO codes: A few general principles (cont.)
For plant pests and pathogens: For plant pests and pathogens:
6 letters = 4 (genus) + 2 (species)6 letters = 4 (genus) + 2 (species)
B E M I T AB E M I T A
The species Bemisia tabaci: BEMITA
An unspecified species of the genus Bemisia: BEMISPSP
Genus Bemisia: 11BEMIGG
Aleyrodidae Family: 11ALEYFF
Sternorrhyncha Suborder: 11STERSS
Hemiptera Order: 11HEMIOO
Insecta Class: 11INSECC
Animal Kingdom: 11ANIMKKCourtesy: EPPO, 2012
1 biological entity = 1 unique code1 biological entity = 1 unique code
Change of preferred scientific name:Change of preferred scientific name:Gnorimoschema absoluta = Tuta absoluta => The code GNORABGNORAB remains the same
Newly described species:Newly described species:Phytophthora pinifolia => PHYTPFPHYTPF is newly created
New subspecies: additional codesNew subspecies: additional codesXylella fastidiosa = XYLEFAXylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex => XYLEFMXYLEFMXylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca => XYLEFPXYLEFPXylella fastidiosa subsp. sandyi => XYLEFSXYLEFS
EPPO codes: a few general principles (cont.)
Courtesy: EPPO, 2012
Special form on the web to request new codes
Courtesy: EPPO, 2012
Treatments ListWorking procedure
• Elements of treatment: – date (standard format used)– treatment type – active ingredient – duration *– temperature *– concentration*• No new code list required (UNECE recommendations)
• Focus on treatment type and active ingredient• Different lists available were considered• One list stood out for active ingredient• For treatment type, no useful list available• Therefore, for treatment type, a list was created
http://ephyto.ippc.int/
Recommendation for Treatment Types
For ePhyto it is useful to code the active ingredients
and the treatment types.
For the active ingredients the CODEX list is proposed (http://www.codexalimentarius.net/pestres/data/pesticides/index.html )
For the type of treatments a table was created and
proposed
Treatment TypesHeat treatment HTFumigation FUMSeed coating SCKiln-drying KDChemical pressure impregnation CPIDevitalization DV Debarking DB Dry heat DHMoist heat MHVapour heat VHDipped DiCold Disinfestation CD Cold treatment CTDusted DuFlood sprayed FSFungicide Fu
Could also be divided by:
Heat treatment
Cold treatment
Chemical
Irradiation
Other
- And then subdivide at a 2d level
Still under discussion based on member comments
Additional Declarations Working Procedure
• One possibility was to collect all ADs used worldwide and code them
• Conclusion was to restrict coding to standard ADs as in appendix 2 of ISPM12
• This will help standardisation, is language-independent, covers the whole range, achievable for the WG
• Standard ADs analysed: some need pest names, area names and some are actually two in one
• Standard ADs were tabled and codes were added
Recommendation for Additional Declarations
For ePhyto, it would be very useful to code additional declarations.
Impossible to code all additional declarations, thereforefree text should always be an option.
The codes represent standard wording of ADs but canbe used irrespective of language and the intention ofthe AD is more important than the exact wording.
Reference Numberin ISPM 12
Text Code AD Additional Code Free text (optional)
1. The plants were inspected and found free …. SAD 1 name organism “soil”“practically free”
2. The plants were tested and found free from…. SAD 2 name organism testing method 3. The growing media in which the plants were grown was
tested prior to planting and found free from…..SAD 3 name organism
4.1. …….is absent in …… SAD 4.1 name organism, name country
name of area
4.2. ……is not known to occur in….. SAD 4.2 name organism, name country
name of area
5.1. The plants were produced in a pest-free area for…. SAD 5.1 name organism “Including a surrounding buffer zone “
5.2. The plants were produced in an area of low pest prevalence for......
SAD 5.2 name organism
5.3. The plants were produced in a pest-free place of production for….
SAD 5.3 name organism “Including a surrounding buffer zone “
5.4. The plants were produced in a pest free production site for….
SAD 5.4 name organism “Including a surrounding buffer zone “
6.1. The place of production was inspected during the growing season and found free from…..
SAD 6.1 name organism number of seasons, “Including a surrounding buffer zone”,frequency of inspection
6.2. The production site was inspected during the growing season and found free from…..
SAD 6.2 name organism number of seasons,frequency of inspection
6.3. The field was inspected during the growing season and found free from…..
SAD 6.3 name organism number of seasons,frequency of inspection
6.4. The field and a surrounding buffer zone was inspected during the growing season and found free from…..
SAD 6.4 name organism number of seasons,frequency of inspection
Code is language independent – this is what we aspire to, based on ISPM 12, seeking more standardization.
Product Description Working Procedure
• Elements of product description: botanical name, intended use, packaging, weight and volume and additional description
• Focus on intended use and additional description• Custom codes/ HS are preferred but worldwide not
sufficiently descriptive for phytosanitary use• No useful list available worldwide• Table with elements created and codes assigned• Free text still needed, e.g. for HS code, further
description
Recommendation for Product Description
Product description coding to be formed from a minimum of 4 elements: - Product (the botanical name where available, WG 2A)– “Intended Use” – Packaging (UNECE codes)– Country of origin (ISO codes).
The combination of the code elements to be formed by eachNPPO to meet the particular needs of the intended ePhyto
The inclusion of a free text field to enable additional informationto be included where applicable or necessary.
Product DescriptionCategory Level – a 4 character code:Growing medium GRMEPlants for Consumption PLCOPlants – Living Other PLLOPlants intended for Planting PLPLPlant Products PLPR
Primary Level – a 3 character code:Bulbs; Corms; Tubers; Rhizomes BCTCut Branches with Foliage CBFCut Branches CBRCut Flowers CFLCotton COTCuttings CUTFruits FRUGrains GRA
Secondary Level – a 2 character code:Baled BABare-rooted BRDried DRFresh FRFrozen FZWith media - unpotted MUWithout bark NBWithout foliage NF
Plants for Consumption Fruits Fresh PLCOFRUFR
Additional Recommendations
• For duration, temperature, concentration (treatment)
• For weight, volume (product description)• For locations (point of entry, address
consignee)
Use UNECE recommendations
Already available, also used by Customs
Concluding Remarks
• The reports of all four WGs are available on the IPPC website
• Development of codes is an on-going process
• What is available now is a good starting point
Questions???