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MODERN SAUDI ARABIA
| Date post: | 12-Apr-2017 |
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Education |
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MODERN SAUDI ARABIA
It was the dream of the Al- Saud clan to get their territories back from Al Rashids and to unite all tribal regions into one.
Arabia was ruled by a patchwork of tribal rulers including the Al Sauds
In 1902, Abdul-Aziz bin Saud, leader of the Al Saud, returned from exile in Kuwait to resume the conflict with the Al Rashid, and seized Riyadh .
In January 1902, Ibn Saud and his men reached Riyadh. With only a small force, it was felt that the only way to take the city was to capture Al Masmak Castle and kill Ibn Ajlan, Chief of Riyadh.
Ultimately leading to the creation of the modern state of Saudi Arabia in 1932. The main weapon for achieving these conquests was the Ikhwan, the Wahhabist-Bedouin tribal army led by Sultan Bin Najad Al Otaibi and Faisal al-Dwaish.
Ibn Saud proved ,he possessed the qualities necessary to be a sheikh or emir: leadership, courage, and luck; he would thereafter go on to unite most of the peninsula once again and found the modern state of Saudi Arabia.
In the following year, Abdul-Aziz finally defeated the Al Rashid and annexed all northern Arabia.
In 1926 he became the king of Hijaz.
In 1927 he took the title of King of Nejd.
In 1932 Al-Hasa, Qatif, Nejd and Hejaz were unified to form the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Discovery of oil. The oil reserves in
Saudi Arabia were discovered in 1938 AD. Development programmes which were delayed due to the Second World War in 1939, began quickly in 1946. In 1949 oil production was in full swing.
Oil provided Saudi Arabia with economic prosperity and great deal of leverage in international community.
Economy and Global Trade Due to the discovery
of oil Saudi Arabia ‘s economy has undergone a remarkable change in a short period of time. It has evolved from a basic agricutural society into a regional and global economic power.
Petroleum is the integral part of Saudi Arabia’s economy.
It is the world’s largest producer and exporter of oil.
In recent decades the kingdom has diversified its economy. It produces and exports a variety of industrial goods all over the globe.
The government plays an essential role in industrial and economic development.
The Ministry of Economy and Planning formulates economic and social development plans.
Additional sectors of the economy are overseen by individual ministries, such as agricultural, energy, transportation, communication and finance.
The private sectors are also playing an important role in the development of economy in Kingdom.
In December 2005, Saudi Arabia Joined the World Trade Organization (WTO).It was a significant development that gives Saudi products greater access to global markets.
Development Saudi Arabia is one
of the fastest growing countries in the world.
According to the forecast of King Abdullah, the per capita income from $15,000 in 2006 will rise to $ 33,500 till 2020 AD.
Development
King Abdullah Economic Cities
King Abdullah Economic city Saudi Arabia will be launching 6 economic cities
( King Abdullah Economic City) which will be completed by the year 2020 AD.
These six new industrialized cities will diversify the economy of Saudi Arabia.
They will also increase the per capita income.
King Abdullah Economic City (KAEC) is a megaproject announced in 2005 by Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the king of Saudi Arabia.
With a total development area of 173 km² the city is located along the coast of the Red Sea, around 100 km north of Jeddah, the commercial hub of the kingdom, the city will also be approximately an hour away from the holy Islamic cities of Mecca and Medina by car and an hour away of all Middle Eastern capital cities by plane. The total cost of the city is $86 billion (around SR 207 billion),
The city, along with other five economic cities, is a part of an ambitious "10x10" program to place Saudi Arabia among the world’s top ten competitive investment destinations.
Industrial zoneThe industrial will be dedicated to industrial and
light manufacturing facilities Sea port The port will have facilities to handle cargo and
dry bulk, and will be equipped to receive the world’s largest vessels. Another key component of the Port will be a custom-built Hajj Terminal with a capacity to handle up to 300,000 pilgrims on their way to Mecca and Medina, the holy Muslim cities.
Residential areas The residential area is planned to include 260,000
apartments and 56,000 villas. It will be divided into smaller residential, commercial, and recreational providing home for around half a million residents, and another ten thousand tourists.
Sea resort The Resorts Area will be designed to feature
services and amenities. It will include hotels, shopping centers and other recreational facilities.
Educational zone The Educational Zone consist of multi-university
campus flanked by two Research & Development parks. The multi-university campus is designed to accommodate 18,000 students, and a 7,500 faculty and staff members.
Central business district The central business district will be the largest
regional financial nerve center for the world’s leading banks, investment houses and insurance groups.
The city will help diversify the oil-based economy of the kingdom by bringing direct foreign and domestic investments.
The city also will help create up to one million jobs for the youthful population of the country.
It is being built along with 4 new cities in Saudi Arabia to control sprawl and congestion in existing cities.
Population Until the 1960s, most of the population
was nomadic or seminomadic; due to rapid economic and urban growth, more than 95% of the population now is settled. Some cities and oases have densities of more than 1,000 people per square kilometer.
Population centers are mainly located along the eastern and western coasts and interior oasis like Hofuf and Buraydah.
There is no population in some extended areas like Rub al khali and Arabian desert.
Since the petroleum industry is constructing, a few planned communities there.
Saudi Arabia has no permanent year-round lakes or rivers, however its coastline extends fpr 2640 km and ,on the Red sea side has world class coral reefs, including those in the gulf of Aqaba.
Quiz When was oil discovered in Saudi Arabia? What is the Saudi’s most important product? Which important organization did Saudi Arabia
join in December 2005? How many industrial cities will be completed by
the year 2020 AD? Where are populated centers in Saudi Arabia? Which areas of Saudi Arabia are not populated?
Thanks
