RECAT-EU proposal, validation and consultation

WakeNet-EU 2014

Vincent TREVE Frederic ROOSELEER

ATM Airport Unit 13 May 2014

RECAT-EU Proposal

RECAT-EU

RECAT-EU was developed on the basis of the joint FAA – EUROCONTROL effort in RECAT-1

Following European stakeholders request, EUROCONTROL developed an revised version of the RECAT-1 proposal

This proposal was built on the basis of the RECAT-1 consultation feed-back

Even if the purpose was to optimize the capacity benefit for major EU airport, the categories were defined on the basis of aircraft characteristics

Initial categorisation of aircraft types based on clustering analysis

AT72*

AT73

B732

B712*

AT75*

A380

B747 A330/A340 B777

B767 A300

B739/B736 A318/A321 T154

B735/B7333 E190 CRJ9 AT75 D328

PA28 BE99 LJ45

RECAT-EU Categories

LJ35

LJ25

A124

A380

E120

SF34

CAT-A

CAT-B

CAT-C

CAT-D

CAT-E

CAT-F

E190

E145

AT45

RECAT-EU Categories

B772

A332

B774

A346 B752

B763 A306

A320

B738

MD82

B764

MD11

CAT-B

CAT-C

CAT-D

CAT-E

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EUROCONTROL WV activities

RECAT-1 Super Heavy Upper Heavy Lower Heavy Upper Medium Lower Medium Light

A B C D E F

A388 A124

A332 A333 A342 A343 A343 A345 A345 A346 A346 AN22 B744 B748 B772 B773 B77L B77W B788 B789 IL96

A306 A30B A310 B703 B762 B763 B764 B783 C135 DC10 DC85 IL76 L101 MD11 TU22 TU95

B752 B753 A318 A319 A320 A321 B736 B737 B738 B739 MD82 MD83 MD87 MD88 MD90 B732 B733 B734 B735 DH8D E190 F50 F70 F100

AT43 AT45 AT72 B462 CRJ1 CRJ2 CRJ7 CRJ9 E135 E145 E170 GLF4

FA10 FA20 D328 E120 BE40 BE45 H25B JS32 JS41 LJ35 LJ60 P180 C650 C525 C180 C152

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EUROCONTROL WV activities

RECAT-1 EU Super Heavy Upper Heavy Lower Heavy Upper Medium Lower Medium Light

A B C D E F

A388 A124

A332 A333 A342 A343 A343 A345 A345 A346 A346 AN22 B744 B748 B772 B773 B77L B77W B788 B789 IL96

A306 A30B A310 B703 B762 B763 B764 B783 C135 DC10 DC85 IL76 L101 MD11 TU22 TU95 B752 B753

A318 A319 A320 A321 B736 B737 B738 B739 MD82 MD83 MD87 MD88 MD90

B732 B733 B734 B735 DH8D E190 F50 F70 F100 AT43 AT45 AT72 B462 CRJ1 CRJ2 CRJ7 CRJ9 E135 E145 E170 GLF4

SF34 FA10 FA20 D328 E120 BE40 BE45 H25B JS32 JS41 LJ35 LJ60 SF34 P180 C650 C525 C180 C152

RECAT Principles

The European RECAT proposal is based on the following key principles:

Leader / Follower S H M L

A B C D E F

S A MRS 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 8.0

H B MRS 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0

C MRS reduced reduced reduced reduced 6.0

M D MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS 5.0

E MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS reduced

L F MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS

Principle #1

If an ICAO WT category (Heavy or Medium) is split into an ‘upper’ and a lower’ part, the weaker wake vortex strength generated by aircraft categorized in the ‘lower’ allows reduction of separation for any follower

RECAT Principles

The European RECAT proposal is based on the following key principles:

Leader / Follower S H M L

A B C D E F

S A MRS Reduced 6.0 Reduced 7.0 8.0

H B MRS Reduced 4.0 Reduced 5.0 6.0

C MRS Reduced Reduced Reduced Reduced

Reduced Reduced 6.0

M D MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS 5.0

E MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS reduced

L F MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS

Principle #2

If an ICAO WT category (Heavy or Medium) is split into an ‘upper’ and a ‘lower’ part, higher resistance to wake turbulence encounters of the aircraft categorized in the ‘upper’ part allows reduction of separation for these aircraft.

RECAT Principles

The European RECAT proposal is based on the following key principles:

Leader / Follower S H M L

A B C D E F

S A MRS Reduced 6.0 Reduced 7.0 8.0

H B MRS Reduced Unchanged Reduced Unchanged 6.0

C MRS Reduced Reduced Reduced Reduced

Reduced Reduced 6.0

M D MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS 5.0

E MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS reduced

L F MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS

Principle #3

If an ICAO WT category (Heavy or Medium) is split into an ‘upper’ and a ‘lower’ part, the separation between ‘upper” leaders and ‘lower’ followers, being the most exposed to maximum WT risk levels, remains unchanged to preserve current levels.

RECAT Principles

The European RECAT proposal is based on the following key principles:

Leader / Follower S H M L

A B C D E F

S A MRS Reduced Revised Reduced Revised 8.0

H B MRS Reduced Unchanged Reduced Unchanged 6.0

C MRS Reduced Reduced Reduced Reduced

Reduced Reduced 6.0

M D MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS 5.0

E MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS reduced

L F MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS

Principle #4

If the exposure to WT risk level at separation minima is to be more harmonized between aircraft types by considering the wake resistance, the wake impact evaluation allows revision of the separation for Heavy and Medium followers behind ‘Super’ Heavy, when compared to a reference ICAO Heavy aircraft.

RECAT-EU Full proposal for Separation Minima

Leader / Follower J H M L

A B C D E F

J A 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 8.0

H B 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 7.0

C MRS* 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0

M D 5.0

E 4.0

L F 3.0

Leader / Follower J H M L

A B C D E F

J A (+0.5) -2.0 -1.0 -2.0 -1.0

H B -1.0 -1.0 +1.0

C -1.0 (-1.5) -1.0 -2.0 -1.0

M D

E -1.0

L F (+0.5)

* Validation for MRS at 2.5Nm

(figure) is compared to MRS of 2.5 Nm

Delta to ICAO provisions

RECAT-EU Validated proposal for Separation Minima

Leader / Follower J H M L

A B C D E F

J A 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

H B 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 7.0

C MRS* 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0

M D 5.0

E 4.0

L F 3.0

Leader / Follower J H M L

A B C D E F

J A (+0.5) -2.0 -1.0 -1.0

H B -1.0 -1.0 +1.0

C -1.0 (-1.5) -1.0 -2.0 -1.0

M D

E -1.0

L F (+0.5)

* Validation for MRS at 2.5Nm

(figure) is compared to MRS of 2.5 Nm

Delta to ICAO provisions

RECAT-EU Validated Time Departure Separation Minima

Leader / Follower J H M L

A B C D E F

J A 100s 120s 160s 180s 180s

H B 100s 120s 140s

C 80s 100s 120s

M D 120s

E 100s

L F 80s

Leader / Follower J H M L

A B C D E F

J A -20s -20s

H B -20s +20s

C -40s -20s

M D

E -20s

L F +20s

Delta to ICAO provisions

RECAT-EU Validation

RECAT-EU Validation

Highlights Severity Metric Wake Vortex Databases Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case ) RECAT-EU Decay Model WT Risk assessment

RECAT-EU Severity Metric

Metric selected trough consultation of European experts The metric(s) shall be static The metric(s) shall be as meaningful as possible Selection process: European experts consultation Traceability of all contributions Consolidation workshop

DLR

NLR

UCL

RECAT-EU Severity Metric

Metric selected trough consultation of European experts Primary metrics based on evaluation induced rolling movement RMC ERR

Roll rate induced by the wake

RECAT-EU Severity Metric

Metric selected trough consultation of European experts Primary metrics based on evaluation induced rolling movement Rolling moment computation methodology was validated vs flight tests

ZZ

~1,000 ft

A346 and A380 as wake generatorConstant track, speed and altitude

4 NM(A300)

5 NM(A300, A320)

6 NM(A320)

A346 A380A320, A300

A380 and A346 wakes

made visible by oil injection

Follower relativeflight path

A320, A300 as encountererusually horizontally through the wakes

at 10°-15° lateral encounter angle

RECAT-EU Severity Metric

Metric selected trough consultation of European experts Primary metrics based on evaluation induced rolling movement Rolling moment computation methodology was validated vs flight tests RMC and ERR are both variant of the first order metric:

Vapp was derived from Mode-S survey Span from aircraft manufacturer data Wake strength from LiDAR campaign

Γ𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉. 𝑆𝑆𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆

RECAT-EU Wake Vortex Database

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EGLL-1 - October 2008 to December 2010

110,000 landing aircraft wake tracks covering 95% of Heavy movements in the

Top 10 busiest European Airports

EDDF-2 – January 2007 to June 2007

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RECAT-EU Wake Vortex Database

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5,000 departing aircraft wake tracks for

generalisation of arrival separations to departure

RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )

Only a sub-set of this databases were used for the separation design The design case is the combination of operational and weather conditions

considered as the reasonable worst case. Separations are designed for this reasonable worst case for being safe

where and when it matters

RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )

Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude

1 wingspan alt

RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )

Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions

RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )

Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions

RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )

Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions

RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )

Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions

RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )

Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions

RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )

Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions

RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )

Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions

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RECAT-EU Decay Model

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RECAT-EU Decay Model

RECAT-EU Validation

Highlights Severity Metric Wake Vortex Databases Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case ) RECAT-EU Decay Model WT Risk assessment

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Define risk in RWC

Final approach speed

Wake strength encountered

Severity metric

validation

Documented aircraft

characteristics

Severity metric

Aircraft wing geometry

Approach speed profile

Computation methodology

Airbus Flight test data

LFPG Radar campaign

EGLL Mode S campaign

Aircraft manufacturers

Metric selection

European expert review

Airbus flight test campaign

EGLL LiDAR campaign

Criteria for RWC

Tarbes and Fresno LiDAR campaign

Define RWC in EGLL

Define RWC wake decay

Time separation

Define time separation

Wake decay in RWC

Define encountered

wake strength

WVE risk in RWC

Flow chart

RECAT-EU WT Risk assessment

Risk quantification Level 1 – Max WT severity in RWC per follower

CAT-C CAT-D CAT-F CAT-B CAT-E

RECAT-EU WT Risk assessment

Risk quantification Level 2 – Max WT severity in RWC per pair

RECAT-EU WT Risk assessment

Risk quantification Level 3 – Overall WT risk distribution by severity per pair in RWC

RECAT-EU WT Risk assessment

Risk quantification Level 4 – Pair-wise risk distribution per pair in RWC

RECAT-EU WT Risk assessment

Risk quantification Overall WT risk evolution in all conditions

<15T MTOW

CAT-F CAT-D

Heavy Light Medium

CAT-E

CAT-A

Span < 32m

60m < Span < 72m

Span > 32m

72m< Span <80m

Span < 52m

>100T MTOW <100T MTOW

CAT-B

52m < Span < 60m

CAT-C Optional Specific analysis

Specific analysis

Optional Specific analysis

Optional Specific analysis

RECAT-EU Categories

RECAT-EU Categories

Northrop B2 Myasishchev Atlant

Douglas C133

Martin Mars

Tupolev 160

Boeing B52

Antonov-225

ICAO Doc 8643

9000+ aircraft categorized

2 aircraft with needed specific

analysis

7 aircraft require special treatment

RECAT-EU Consultation

RECAT-EU Stakeholders Consultation

AOT WVTF 9 monthes 3 (+1) Wake Vortex Task Force workshops 15+ bilateral meetings Membership

• European ANSPs • Airports • Pilot associations (1 specific WS) • Manufacturers • European WV experts • FAA observer

RECAT-EU Status

Outcome of consultation to AOT/AAB Validated proposal and Safety Case v1.3 Task Force report including recommendation to AOT/AAB

RECAT-EU proposal available for EASA review – safety bulletin exected by June 14

CDG proposed by DGAC as pioneer airport Operational experience Support further improvements

RECAT-EU EUROCONTROL effort NOT fully terminated extend activities in order to validate the full proposal for CAT-A conduct specific Heavy-Heavy departure analysis consider development of a RECAT-EU version for application at 4DME

Full RECAT-EU Safety Case and technical documentation is available for consultation only on site in EUROCONTROL HQ (under NDA)

Questions?