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The Petrochemical industry is a network of highintegrated production processes.The productsof one plant may have an end use but mayalso represent raw materials to other process

Most chemicals can be produced by manydifferent sequence of reactions andproduction processes.

This multiplicity of production schemes offersthe oppturnity for switching betweenproduction methods and raw material

utilization

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Latest technology used for up gradation of

petrochemical industries are:

Pinch Technology

Pressure swing adsorption Technology Seal Less Technology

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The term Pinch Technology was introduced

by Linnhoff and Vredeveid to represent a newset of thermodynamically based methods thatguarantee minimum energy levels

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minimum energy consumption

optimization of utilities

minimum capital expenditure to achieve these

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In principle, the region abovethe pinch (the right hand side of

Figure 3.6) only requires hot utilityto close the energy balance,

whilethe below-pinch region (to the

left of

the pinch point) only requirescooling. An ideal designwould reflect

this arrangement. Pinch designrules

instruct us not to transfer heatfrom ahot stream above the pinch

point to acold stream below the pinch

point

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. Ifwe were to transfer heat from the hotside of the pinch to the cold side, wewould not meet our target. Instead,

we would need to replace this cross-pinch heat with an equivalentamount of hot

utility above the pinch (), and we would increase our consumption ofcold utility

below the pinch (air, cooling water, etc.) by the same amount (Figure3.6).

We will have created an unnecessary cascade of energy (amount )through the

entire system, from hot to cold utility.To meet the target, we must therefore find suitable matches for this heat

on the hot

side of the pinch rather than on the cold side. By analyzing thecomposite curves,the pinch practitioner can rapidly identify inappropriate matches that

lead to anincrease in hot and cold utility consumption.

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Pressure-Swing Adsorption or PSA is a technical processwidely used these days in gas production. Its a typically

non-cryogenic way of purifying gas. PSA process differsfrom cryogenic techniques of gas separation as it canfunction under near-ambient temperatures. Underpressure, the PSA process separates some species from amixture, according to the molecular characteristics ofthose species. This is because different gases has the

propensity to be attracted to different solid surfaces moreor less strongly.

More gas is adsorbed at higher pressure while the gas isdesorbed as the pressure is reduced. Suppose air underpressure is passed through a vessel containing an

adsorbent bed and this bed has the property to attractnitrogen more strongly than oxygen. As the bed reachesits optimum capacity to adsorb nitrogen, it can again beregenerated by reducing the pressure. Releasing theadsorbed nitrogen in the process. Thus readying itselfanother cycle of oxygen enriched air. This cycle goes on.

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Purity: Can result in purity upto 99% with someplants offering control of purity to the user.

Speed: One Process cycle requires just fewminutes.

Economy: One unit can, for example easilyproduce about 20,000 SCFH of Nitrogen. The

number of units required is in direct proportionto the quantity of the production needed.

Initial Start up time: It requires around 2000cycles requiring 3 to 4 days.

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OBJECTIVES

By eliminating the rotating mechanical seal oftraditional centrifugal pumps, sealless magneticdrive pumps eliminate the possibility of fluid leaksand for potentially harmful chemicals to escape.There is a host of other compelling reasons toconsider the use of centrifugal sealless magneticdrive pumps in the petrochemical industries.Technology developments, years of applicationexperience and an ever-widening acceptance

of the equipment has resulted in a reliable, cost-effective application. Sealless magnetic drivepumps offer advantages for a number of thetoughest, hard-to-seal chemical applications inthe biodiesel production process.

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100% leakfreeClean

liquids, slightlycontaminated but theimpurities must not beabrasive or magneticLong life cycle, reducedmaintenance costs

Outstanding hydraulicperformance

High efficiency impeller Closed impeller with

back vanes providingaxial balancing ofimpeller loads

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Easy maintenance through the Back-Pull-Outprinciple

Atex certification

Outer rotor with safety bearing

Somarium Cobalt high performance magnets

Containment can in Hastelloy for limited eddy

current losses Silicon carbide pump liquid lubricated internal

bearings

Heating jackets optional

Grease or oil bath lubricated bearings

PT 100 temperature monitoring

Interchangeable with existing ISO 2858 pumps

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