Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course STABILITY AND SUPPORT OPERATIONS (SASO)

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course

STABILITY AND SUPPORTOPERATIONS (SASO)


Action: Gain knowledge of stability and support operations in the US Army.

Condition: Given intelligence handout and small group discussion.

Standard: Score a 70% on a 62 question multiple choice test.

Terminal LearningObjective


Safety requirements: General safety

Risk assessment: Low

Environment considerations: If you brought in, take it with you!!

Evaluation: Students will be evaluated during a multiple choice test.

General Admin


Action: Define the principles of SASO in the US Army.

Condition: Given an intelligence handout and small group discussion.


Enabling LearningObjective A


Principles of SASO

• Legitimacy

• Restraint

• Security

• Perseverance

• Objective

• Unity of effort


Legitimacy

A condition growing from the perception of a specific audience of the legality, morality, and correctness of a set of actions.


Restraint

SASO operations are conducted under restrictions imposed by the Rules of Engagement (ROE).


Security

The operational environment may have no clear enemy; and if there is, they may be difficult to identify.


Perseverance

The degree of commitment that is placed upon a SASO mission by the force executing an operation.


Objective

The “end state goal” of an operation.


Unity of Effort

Ensuring that all forces and agencies involved in a SASO mission are operating with the same objective.


Review

• Legitimacy

• Restraint

• Security

• Perseverance

• Objective

• Unity of effort


QUESTIONS???


Check on Learning

1. What are the principles of SASO? (L.R.S.P.O.U.)

2. What is an example of the “objective” principle?

3. What is an example of the “restraint” principle?


Action: Identify SASO activities that involve the US government.

Condition: Given intelligence handout and small group discussion.


Enabling LearningObjective B


SASO Activities

• Noncombatant Evacuation Operations (NEO)

• Arms control

• Support to domestic civil authorities

• Humanitarian assistance

• Disaster relief

• Nation assistance

• Support to counter-drug operations


SASO Activities (cont.)

• Combating terrorism

• Peacekeeping

• Peace enforcement

• Show of force

• Support for Counter-insurgencies and insurgencies (COIN)

• Attacks and raids



Non-CombatantEvacuation Order (NEO)

• Relocate threatened civilians

a. US citizens

b. Selected host nation citizens

c. Third country nationals

• Basic NEO environments

a. Permissive - no physical threat

b. Uncertain - need for a QRF

c. Hostile - large QRF and security force


LRS Activities

LRS activities in NEOs:• R&S of NEO evacuation sites

• Early warning for host nation and US forces

• CSAR support


Arms Control

• Monitoring weapon systems

a. Number

b. Types

c. Performance characteristics

• Extends to C2, logistics, and intelligence mechanisms


LRS Activities

LRS activities in Arms Control:• R&S of ammunition holding areas

• R&S of motor pools

• R&S of suspected transhipment sites

• R&S of weapon cache

• NBC monitoring


Support to DomesticCivil Authorities

• Army is primary CONUS

• Disaster relief


• Posse Comitatus Act

a. Restricts use of federalized troops

b. Does not apply to NG soldiers until federalized (Title 32)


HumanitarianAssistance

• OCONUS - Department of State

• CONUS - Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)


HumanitarianAssistance

What is an example of a Humanitarian Assistance operation conducted by the US Army during the 1990’s?


LRS Activities

LRS activities in Humanitarian Assistance:• Surveillance of storage facilities (food and water)

• Recon of MSRs

• Surveillance of suspected criminals or organizations undermining the humanitarian process

• Zone recon missions to determine extent of damage in specific areas


Disaster Relief

• CONUS or OCONUS

• Refugee assistance

• Food distribution

• Medical assistance

• Restoration of law and order

• Damage assessment and control


LRS Activities

LRS activities in Disaster Relief:• Surveillance of storage facilities (food and water)

• Recon of MSRs

• Surveillance of suspected criminals or organizations undermining the humanitarian process

• Zone recon missions to determine extent of damage in specific areas


Nation Assistance

• Diplomatic, economic, information, and military cooperation

• Promote internal growth and long-term stability

• Develop sound and responsible democratic institutions

• Develop supportive infrastructures

• Promote strong free-market economies


LRS Activities

LRS activities in Nation Assistance:• Exchange of information regarding LRS

operations

• Training host nation soldiers about LRS operations


Counter-drugOperations

• Support Law Enforcement Agencies

(LEAs) (ie. FBI, DEA, CIA)

• Stopping the illegal drug flow:

a. Source - Global

b. Transit – Borders and ports

c. Distribution - JTF-6 and LEAs


• Federalized forces are restricted from:

a. Searching

b. Arresting

c. LEA activity involving civilians

• Title 10, US Code, Section 371-378

a. Military can assist LEAs

b. Permits the passing of information collected during normal operations

Counter-drugOperations


LRS Activities

LRS activities in Counterdrug OPs:• R&S of shipment facilities

• R&S of shipment routes

• R&S of narcotic base crop fields

• Surveillance of NARCO traffickers

• Surveillance of air and vehicle traffic


Combating Terrorism

• Department of State

• Department of Justice (FBI)

• Department of Transportation (Federal Aviation Administration [FAA])

• Homeland Security Agency


Combating TerrorismTypes of Terrorism

• Non-state supported

»Operates autonomously

• State supported

»Operates alone but receives government support

• State directed

»Operates as an agent of a government


Combating Terrorism

Two parts:

1. Antiterrorism

2. Counter-terrorism


Antiterrorism

• Defensive measures used to reduce vulnerability to individuals property to terrorism

• The terrorist threat is greatest when its least expected

• Control measures include:– physical security– OPSEC– personnel security


Counter-terrorism

• Offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism

• Specially trained counter-terrorism units usually conduct counter-terrorism ops

• Conventional forces are only used in support roles


LRS Activities

LRS activities in Combating Terrorism:• R&S to confirm terrorist activity

• Surveillance of terrorist safe house

• Surveillance of suspected or known terrorists

• Surveillance of individuals on the “Black, White, and Grey” list

• Force protection surveillance


Peace KeepingOperations (PKO)

• Forces maintain peace, not make peace• Peace must already exist • Requires the consent of all parties involved• US personnel - impartial observers or

supervisors


PKO Tasks

• Conduct patrols

• OPs

• Checkpoints

• Media control

• Liaison

• Convoy escort


PKO Tasks(cont.)

• React to ambush

• React to indirect fire

• Establish a lodgment

• Secure a route

• Clear mines (US personnel supervises)

• Provide C2


E/51 LRS Base CampCamp Bondsteel, Kosovo


LRS Activities

LRS activities in PKOs:• R&S of demilitarized zone (DMZ)

• Surveillance of confrontation areas

• Surveillance of cease fire areas

• R&S of refugee camps


Peace Enforcement

• Restore peace through diplomatic efforts

• Hostile factions may not consent to intervention

• May be engaged in combat

• Implies the threat or use of force

• Cannot remain neutral


LRS Activities

LRS activities in PEOs:• R&S of demilitarized zones

• Surveillance of confrontation areas

• Surveillance of cease fire areas

• R&S of refugee camps

• Battle Damage Assessment (BDA)

• NBC monitoring


Show of Force

• Combined training exercises

• Rehearsals

• Forward deployment of forces

a. Deploy rapidly

b. Lends credibility to US interests


LRS Activities

LRS activities in Show of Force Ops:• Participate in airborne operations

• Surveillance from fixed observation posts

• Route reconnaissance


Support for Insurgenciesand Counterinsurgencies

Insurgency - an organized, armed

political struggle whose goal may be the seizure of power through revolutionary take over and replacement of the existing government.


Support for Insurgenciesand Counterinsurgencies (cont.)

Counterinsurgency - an effort to regain or retain political power through political or military action.


LRS Activities

LRS activities in COIN:• Early warning for US and host nation forces

• R&S of insurgent base camps

• Recon for lines of communication

• Surveillance of refugee camps

• R&S of targets for future direct action missions

• Surveillance of key suspected or known insurgents

• Surveillance of insurgent safe houses


Attacks and Raids

Attacks - damage or destroy high-value targets or demonstrate US capability and resolve to achieve a favorable result.


Raids - small-scale operations involving swift penetration of hostile territory to secure information, temporarily seize an objective, or destroy a target.

Attacks and Raids(cont.)


Summary

• Noncombatant Evacuation Operations (NEO)

• Arms control

• Support to domestic civil authorities


• Disaster relief

• Nation assistance

• Counter-drug operations


Summary (cont.)

• Combating terrorism

• Peacekeeping operations

• Peace enforcement

• Show of force

• Support for insurgencies and counterinsurgencies

• Attacks and raids


QUESTIONS???


Check on Learning

1. What is difference between peace keeping and peace enforcement operations?

2. What is an insurgency?

3. What is the difference between an attack and a raid?

4. Name a recent show of force operation?

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Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course STABILITY AND SUPPORT OPERATIONS (SASO)

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