Unit 8

Nationally: 600,000 dead and 1,000,000 wounded War debt and caring for veterans takes up 2/3 of federal

budget 13th amendment adopted in 1865In the North: Booming economy Expanded railroad system Expanded banking systemIn the South: Economic collapse The war destroyed industries, products, farms, etc. 1865: Held 12% of nation’s wealth 9000% inflation rate

Take a look at the questions on page 487; what other questions might there have been after the Civil War?

Terms Lincoln Congressional JohnsonRequirements for readmission

Punishments for Confederates

1863: 10% plan President in charge of reconstruction Pardons all citizens in confederate states…

except for high ranking officials If 10% of the population of a state swears

allegiance to the union = admitted back to U.S. A state must offer freedom for African-

Americans

Never carried out

1864: Wade-Davis Bill Congress in charge of reconstruction If 50% of the population of a state swears

allegiance to the union = admitted back to U.S. Forbids Confederate officers and politicians

from hold political office in the U.S. A state must offer freedom and rights for

African-Americans

Vetoed by Lincoln

Thaddeus Stevens Charles Sumner

1865: VP Andrew Johnson becomes president

Self-educatedSlave-ownerSouthernerPro-UnionPro-states rights

1865: Presidential Reconstruction President in charge of reconstruction All states readmitted if:

If 10% of the population of a state swears allegiance to the union…excluded wealthy land owners from the vote

Repealed secession laws Ratified 13th amendment

No demand of rights for African-Americans Pardoned majority of the population

Created in response to the vetoes of 1866

Grants citizenship to African-Americans

Prevented the Confederate leaders from holding office unless approved by Congress

Divided the south into 5 districts Each controlled by a Union general Vetoed by Johnson Overridden by Congress

1867Republicans looked to get rid of JohnsonRepublicans passed the Tenure of Office

Act Johnson tests the law and fires the Sec.

of War

1867Congress impeaches

JohnsonSenate holds the trial Johnson is found not guilty by

1 vote…Edmund Ross Johnson stays in office

1868:Grant (Rep.) wins in an

electoral college landslideGrant owed his victory to the 500,000

African-Americans who voted for him…To maintain voting rights for African-

Americans Congress issues the 15th Amendment

Grant’s lack of political experience led to:

Fraud, bribery & corruption among staffers

Economic depression in 1870s Inability to protect African-American

rights Lack of support for reconstructionRise of Democratic control in the south

Problems and questions: What does freedom mean? Where would they live? What work would they do?

Solutions…Move…Where?

West…exodusters

Solutions… Former slaves given the freedom to

worship Former slaves of all ages sought an

education Governments; churches; charities formed

schools and universities Former slaves form businesses and

organizations designed to help other former slaves succeed in life

Freedmen’s Bureau

Solutions… Former slaves become

active in politics By 1867, former slaves

were getting elected to political offices

1870: Hiram Revels becomes the first African-American to serve in the U.S. Senate

Solutions…Sharecropping: System where a farmer tends the

owner’s land and receives a share of the profit from the harvest

Tenant farming:Farmers rent the farms from owners

Did this help or hurt the ex-slaves?

Problems?

Solutions…Civil Rights Act of 1866:Restricted states from issuing black

codes Curfews; vagrancy laws; land ownership

restrictions

1866: Johnson vetoed both

1866: Ku Klux Klan established in Tennessee

Terrorist organization whose mission was to end reconstruction and suppress African-American rights

Terrorized, beat, and/or killed anyone who challenged their cause

1868: KKK exists in every state

KKK 1870

KKK 1926

1870sSouthern gov’ts pass black codes…Jim

Crow lawsSegregation introduced…not fully

implemented until 1910Race riots and lynching become common

Election of 1876

Compromise of 1877

Home Rule

Reconstruction ends