RECONSTRUCTION

Chapter 4, Section 3

First Day Survey

Edit name on front Cross off names or write nicknames

On Lined side 1. One thing I like, or have liked about

History Class 2. One thing I don’t like, or haven’t liked

about History 3. One thing I am excited (or kind of

excited) to learn about this year in AMC 4. If I could be ANYWHERE right now I’d

be… 5. The one thing everyone should know

about me is…

RECONSTRUCT

Vb 1. to construct or form again; rebuild: to

reconstruct a Greek vase from fragments 2. to form a picture of (a crime, past event, etc)

by piecing together evidence or acting out a version of what might have taken place

NReconstruction  US history  the period after the Civil War when the

South was reorganized and reintegrated into the Union (1865--77)

AFTERMATH OF WAR

HUMAN TOLL North: 364,000 South: 260,000 (One Fifth of its Adult Men) One out of 3 Southern Men were killed or

wounded

BATTLEFIELD MED KIT

1 OUT OF 3 MEN KILLED OR WOUNDED

1 OUT OF 3 MENKILLED OR WOUNDED

1 OUT OF 5 WHITE MENKILLED IN SOUTH

1 OUT OF 5 WHITE MEN KILLED IN SOUTH

1 OUT OF 5 WHITE MENKILLED IN SOUTH

1 OUT OF 5 WHITE MEN KILLED IN SOUTH

AFTERMATH OF WAR

HUMAN TOLL North: 364,000 South: 260,000 (One Fifth of its Adult Men) One out of 3 Southern Men were killed or

wounded PHYSICAL TOLL

Two Thirds of Southern Shipping 9,000 miles of railroads One Third of all livestock Value of Southern Farm Property Plunged

70 percent

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THE TOLL OF WAR IN THE SOUTH

BLACK SOUTHERNERS: 4 million freed people were on their

own in a region with slow economic recovery

Many were homeless and hungry PLANTATION OWNERS

Planters lost slave labor worth $3 Billion

Abandoned Property Act of 1863 allowed federal government to seize $100 million in plantations and cotton

POOR WHITE SOUTHERNERS No work because of competition from

freedmen

Reconstruction

RECONSTRUCTION: the plan to rebuild the South

Lincoln’s Plan: “With Malice Towards None”1. PARDON: an official forgiveness of crime to

any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept the end of slavery

2. Denied pardons to anyone who killed African American POWs

3. Each state to hold constitutional convention after 10% of voters in state had sworn allegiance to Union No language of “readmit” to Union: they really never

left

The End of Lincoln’s Plan

Johnson’s Plan

Andrew Johnson Former slave owner in South Poor Tailor Wife taught him how to

read and write Profound hatred of Rich Planters

“Presidential Reconstruction”1. Pardoned Southerners who pledged allegiance2. Permitted states to hold constitutional convention

WITHOUT 10% allegiance3. States were required to ratify the 13th Amendment

Lincoln’s Plan v. Presidential Plan

Presidential Plan reflected spirit of Lincoln’s plan BUT

Presidential more lenient Although it OFFICIALLY denied pardons to

Confederate Leaders, it issued any to those that asked

WHAT IS THE 13TH AMENDMENT?

ABOLISHED SLAVERY!

SOUTHERN REACTION

BLACK CODES: Gave African Americans certain rights, but

their intent was to keep the former slaves in a dependent position, give planters supply of cheap labor Former slaves had to sign entire year contracts

as plantation workers Could not own guns

KU KLUX KLAN Formed to maintain white control in the

south Terrorized African Americans

CONGRESS TAKES CONTROL At first most northerners supported Johnson’s

Reconstruction plan Eager for the war to be behind them

SOON UPSET OVER BLACK CODES STRENGTHENED THE RADICAL REPUBLICANS:

CONTROLLED BOTH HOUSE AND SENATE Civil Rights Act of 1866:

Gave African Americans Citizenship and guaranteed them same legal rights as white American

Johnson vetoed bill Ends moderate Republicans attempts to work with

President

RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION

Passed 14TH AMENDMENT Required states to grant citizenship to “all

persons born or naturalized in the United States”

Promised “equal protection of the laws” Wrote the Civil Rights Act into the

Constitution!

Radicals gained enough votes in Congress to take over Reconstruction

1867 – 1868 Passed four Reconstruction Acts

RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION

Acts divided South into 5 military districts Three Conditions for Readmission

1. Ratify the 14th Amendment2. Write new state constitutions that guaranteed

freedmen the right to vote3. Form new governments to be elected by all male

citizens, including African Americans

Afraid Johnson might use his authority to interfere with Reconstruction, Congress passed:

TENURE OF OFFICE ACT of 1867 Required Senate’s permission to remove

any official whose appointment it had approved

Set off the final battle between President and Congress

Johnson thought it unconstitutional, and fired Secretary of War Edwin Stanton (an ally of the Republicans) to test it

Johnson Impeached for it! Senate one vote short for removal.

REPUBLICANS IN CHARGE

To regain support lost during impeachment trials, Republicans chose war hero Ulysses S. Grant for presidential candidate

Popular vote was close Half a million African American

voters gave Grant the victory

To protect African American Voting rights Republicans quicklyPassed:

15th Amendment

It is unconstitutional to deprive citizens the right to vote based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

“Reconstruction Amendments”

13th – Abolished Slavery

14th – Citizenship15th – Voting RightsWhy do they HAVE to be in this order?

New Governments in South

Political Power in South shifted during Reconstruction

SCALAWAGS: White southerners who supported changes

CARPETBAGGERS: Northerners who came south to take part in political rebirth

Name refers to type of suitcase made of carpet fabric

New Governments in the South Freedmen joined Scalawags and

Carpetbaggers in the new governments Nearly 700 African Americans served in

state legislatures during Reconstruction 16 were elected to Congress New Government changes

Created region’s first public schools Eliminated property requirements for voting

and holding office Made it illegal for railroads, hotels, public

facilities to discriminate against African Americans

Responses to Freedom

Owning land was a symbol of freedom Many landowners unwilling to sell land to former

slaves – it would give them economic freedom

SHARECROPPING -- Freedmen could receive a share of their employer’s crop instead of wages Employer provided land, seed, tools, mule, cabin Sharecropper provided labor

TENANT FARMING -- farmers rented land from landowner

Hard for sharecroppers and tenant farmers to get out of poverty

Reconstruction Ends

Violence plagued the South throughout Reconstruction Ku Klux Klan and similar groups terrorized African

American leaders, those who tried to vote, public officials

Planters, merchants, poor white farmers united to restore the old political and social order

POLL TAX: meant to keep Freedmen from voting Congress passed Enforcement Acts to punish

those preventing qualified citizens from voting People dismayed that the army was needed to

keep the peace in the South

Why Does Reconstruction End? The North gets tired of helping Reconstruction leaders die New President pulls troops out of South

Reconstruction’s Impact

14th and 15th Amendments 15th Amendment led way to women’s

votes

Consider Sharecropping, Tenant Farming, violence keeping African Americans from voting, white leadership regaining control in south etc.

After Reconstruction waned, was the South different from before the Civil War?

Who really won the Civil War?

Intellectual Devotionals (IDs) Read the entire ID, including the

Additional Facts Circle words/phrases you don’t know Underline the main ideas to the subject,

or any information that answers the questions

Write answers, notes, or questions you have in the margins

Sharecropping ID

1. Ideally, what was sharecropping supposed to provide the sharecropper and landowner?

2. Realistically, what was wrong with sharecropping?

3. Why did sharecropping end? 4. How did Sharecropping negatively

affect the South outside of its population