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RECONSTRUCTION
PLANTATION OWNERS LOST THEIR LABOR SOURCE AND MUCH OF THEIR WEALTH.
THEY HIRED THEIR FORMER SLAVES AS SHARECROPPERS
SMALL FARMERS LOST THEIR LAND, HAD TO COMPETE WITH THE FREEDMEN FOR JOBS. MANY HAD TO BECOME SHARECROPPERS
MANY RESENTED THEIR LOSS OF STATUS AND THE RISE IN STATUS OF THE FREEDMEN
FREEDMEN (FREED SLAVES) GAINED FREEDOM
MANY WORKED FOR THEIR FORMER OWNERS AS SHARECROPPERS
THEY SUFFERED VIOLENCE FROM GROUPS LIKE THE KKK
•The period after the Civil War when Southern society had to be rebuilt
Presidential Reconstruction
1865 - 1867
Congressional (Radical Republican) Reconstruction
1867-1876
PURPOSE: restore the Southern states to the Union EASILY
REQUIREMENTS:
1.only 10% of population take oath of allegiance to the US
2. Agree to 13th Amendment (no slavery)
RESULTS:
1865 SC Constitution: only whites could vote (FORMER CONFEDERATES WERE ELECTED TO CONGRESS)
BLACK CODE laws were passed to control the lives of the freedmen
PURPOSE: protect the freedmen, guarantee REPUBLICAN control, PUNISH the South
REQUIREMENTS:
Any Southerner involved in the war could not vote or hold office UNTIL THE STATE WROTE A NEW CONSTITUTION
Agree to the 14th Amendment (US citizenship for blacks)
RESULTS:
1868 SC Constitution: ALL MEN COULD VOTE, women gained property rights, compulsory education
SC WAS PLACED UNDER MILITARY RULE
FREEDMEN’S BUREAU - a government agency sent South to help blacks and whites after the war. They provided food, shelter, medical aid and helped people find jobs. THEIR GREATEST SUCCESS WAS EDUCATION…THEY SET UP 3,000 SCHOOLS/COLLEGES FOR BLACKSINCLUDING ALLEN, BENEDICT AND CLAFLIN UNIVERSITIES
KKK
“Young men who were in the Confederate army joined a secret militaryOrganization…The object and intent of that….organization is to prevent large Masses of the people from enjoying a right which has been guaranteed themBy the Constitution….they work in disguise and their instruments are terror andCrime…they terrified men, women, and children, white and black…They are Secret, oath-bound, they murder, rob, plunder whip and scourge…they commit these crimes…upon the poor, upon feeble men and women who are utterlyDefenseless…”
A white supremacist group that used Intimidation to prevent African-AmericansFrom exercising their rights
CARPETBAGGER – northerner who came south after the war TO SUPPORT RADICAL REPUBLICANSSCALAWAG – Southerners who supported the Radical Republicans
They both had a reputation for being corrupt and dishonest taking advantage of the people of the South
ReconstructionSUCCESSES FAILURES
CIVIL RIGHTS AMENDMENTS
13th amendment – no slavery
14th amendment – citizenship for blacks
15th amendment – voting rights for black men
Blacks elected to political office
Public schools and property rights for women (Constitution of 1868)
Thousands of free blacks learned to read and write
Poor race relations
The KKK threatened and intimidated blacks and whites
Dishonest carpetbaggers and scalawags took advantage of the people of the South
Black Codes temporarily limited the rights of African-Americans
Many poor people had to resort to
sharecropping
1876 Governor’s Election• Goal for Southern whites – DEFEAT THE RADICAL
REPUBLICANS• Wade Hampton (D) vs. Daniel Chamberlain (R) • Red Shirts – supporters of Hampton; many used
intimidation to make sure Hampton defeated the carpetbagger Chamberlain
• Much violence broke out between the two sides….Hampton won the disputed election
• Reconstruction officially ended when Pres. Hayes (R) withdrew US troops from SC in exchange for SC supporting him for President