~ 189 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(4): 189-203
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2017; 5(4): 189-203
© 2017 JEZS
Received: 24-05-2017
Accepted: 25-06-2017
Akhtar Ali Khan
Division of Entomology,
Sher-e-Kashmir University of
Agricultural Sciences and
Technology of Kashmir,
Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Mohd Abas Shah
Division of Plant Protection,
ICAR-Central Potato Research
Station, Jalandhar, Punjab,
India
Correspondence
Akhtar Ali Khan
Division of Entomology,
Sher-e-Kashmir University of
Agricultural Sciences and
Technology of Kashmir,
Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and
Kashmir, India Email: [email protected]
Records of aphids and their natural enemies in
agro-ecosystem with special reference to
horticultural ecosystem of Kashmir
Akhtar Ali Khan and Mohd Abas Shah
Abstract An extensive survey of aphid fauna was conducted in agro-ecosystem with special reference to
horticultural ecosystem of Kashmir during 2012 to 2015. A total of 51 species of aphids belonging to 30
genera spread over 5 sub families of Aphididae were recorded. Among the recorded species, 13 species
and 4 genera are first records from Jammu and Kashmir. The first records of genera are Metopolophium,
and Pseudaphis from Jammu and Kashmir. The first records of genera are Metopolophium and
Pseudaphis and the first records of aphid species are Aphis verbasci, Aphis rumicis, Aulacorthum solani,
Brachycaudus rumexicolens, Capitophorus formosartemisiae, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Dysaphis pyri,
Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Metopolophium montanum, Myzus dycei and Pseudaphis abyssinica. The
aphid species of family Aphididae, stretched over five sub-families viz., Aphidinae (41 species and 21
genera), Eriosomatinae (2 species and 2 genera), Chaitophorinae (3 species and 3 genera),
Drepanosiphinae (3 species and 3 genera) and Lachninae (2 species and 2 genera) were found infesting
more than 65 species of horticultural crops (vegetables, fruits, floriculture and medicinal crops) and
associated flora occurring in diverse areas and localities of Kashmir.
Keywords: Aphid, species diversity, predators, parasitoids, horticultural ecosystem, agroecosystem,
Kashmir
Introduction Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) are minute pear-shaped, soft-bodied insects. They may be
winged (alate) or wingless (apterous). Most of the aphids reproduce sexually and develop
through gradual metamorphosis (overwintering diapausing egg, nymphs and winged or
wingless adults) but also through parthenogenesis [1]. The result is a shortening of generation
time, overlapping generations, increased reproductive potential and rate of development for
resistance to insecticides [2]. Their reproductive potential, salivary secretions, and ability to
transmit viral diseases makes them the most potent and worldwide enemies of many crops [3].
Aphids play an important role as vectors in spreading of plant diseases, particularly viral
diseases [4, 5]. The cotton aphid is known to transmit over 50 plant viruses and the green peach
aphid over 100 [6]. Yield losses caused by aphids directly range from 10-50% and indirectly
from 20-80% [7]. They cause direct damage by sucking the cell sap from the plants, lead to
development of sooty moulds and by causing physiological disorders, and indirect damage by
transmitting diseases from one plant to another [8]. Aphids are an extremely successful group
of insects which occur throughout the world, with the greatest number of species in the
temperate regions [3]. Out of 4702 known aphid species [9] about 1015 species occur in oriental
region [10] and about 750 species belonging to 208 genera represent India Aphididae [11]. In
Jammu and Kashmir State, the previous works on aphid species have been summarised by
Bhagat [15, 16, 17]. In present paper, updated information is provide on the systematic position,
host crops, natural enemies of aphids infesting agricultural crops (fruits, vegetables,
floricultural and medicinal plants) and associated flora occurring in diverse areas and localities
of agro-ecosystem of Kashmir.
Materials and Methods
The materials used and methods adopted for carrying out the proposed studies on records of
aphids are described as follows:
~ 190 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Study area
The study area included the temperate region of Kashmir,
located between 32°20’ N and 73°55’ E, 1600 m and more
above mean sea level. The aphids were collected horticultural
ecosystem from fruit, vegetable and floriculture and medicinal
plants during 2012-15. Eight districts viz., Srinagar,
Baramullah, Pulwama, Shopian, Anantnag, Budagm, Kulgam
and Ganderbal were covered in the survey
Sampling Methods
Alate aphid population
Sampling of alate aphids was done with Yellow water-pan
traps (50x30x8 cm). Traps were filled with fresh water and a
few drops of detergent added to break surface tension and
prevent aphids from escaping. In each location three traps
were placed. The traps were emptied at weekly interval and
the aphids were taken to the laboratory in plastic vials
containing 80% ethyl alcohol for further studies.
Colonising aphid population
Each field was visited at fortnightly interval and aphid
infested plant parts and associated predators were collected
from infested plants in polybags, labelled for location, crop
and date, and brought to laboratory. The aphid colonies
containg aphid mummies were incubated for a few days till
the parasitoids emerged. The remaing adult aphids and
emerged parasitoids were transferred to small bottles filled
with 80% ethanol and stored till further processing.
Slide preparation The apterous and alate aphids were slide mount using the
protocol suggested by Foottit et al. [31]. The morphometric
characters of the specimens were used for the identification
and description of the aphid species using the key given by
Blackman and Eastop [32, 7, 4] and other relevant literature.
Result and Discussion
Survey of aphids was made in fruit, vegetable, floriculture
and medicinal plant ecosystems of temperate horticultural
ecosystems of Kashmir during 2012-15. A total of 51 species
of aphids belonging to 30 genera spread over 5 sub families of
Aphididae were recorded. Among the recorded species, 13
species and 4 genera are first records from Jammu and
Kashmir. The first records of genera are Metopolophium and
Pseudaphis and first records of aphid species are Aphis
verbasci, Aphis rumicis, Aulacorthum solani, Brachycaudus
rumexicolens, Capitophorus formosartemisiae, Chaetosiphon
fragaefolii, Dysaphis pyri, Macrosiphum euphorbiae,
Metopolophium montanum, Myzus dycei and Pseudaphis
abyssinica. The aphid species of family Aphididae, stretched
over five sub-families viz., Aphidinae (41 species and 21
genera), Eriosomatinae (2 species and 2 genera),
Chaitophorinae (3 species and 3 genera), Drepanosiphinae (3
species and 3 genera) and Lachinae (2 species and 2 genera)
were found infesting more than 65 species of horticultural
crops (vegetables, fruits, floriculture and medicinal crops) and
associated flora occurring in diverse areas and localities of
Kashmir (Table 1). In Jammu and Kashmir State, the previous
works published on aphid fauna are by Bhagat [12, 13]; Khan et
al., [14] and Bhagat, [15, 16, 17]. Some authors has also recoded
aphid natural enemies and aphid food catalogue such as
Bhagat (1981,1982a, 1982b) [12, 18, 19]; Raychaudhari (1983) [20]; Bhagat and Lone (1984) [21]; Dey and Akhtar (2007) [22];
Khan (2008) [23]; Khan and Mir (2008) [24]; Khan et al., (2009)
[14]; Mushtaq and Khan (2010 a, b) [25, 26]; Khan (2011) [27];
Akhtar and Dey (2011) [28] and Shah and Khan (2013, 2014)
[29, 30].
A brief description of the recorded species is given as follows.
Sub-family: Aphidinae
Aphidinae is the sub-family of the family Aphididae and the
most number of species was recorded in this sub-family. The
sub-family Aphidinae includes two tribes viz., Aphidini and
Macrosiphini.
Tribe-Aphidini Latreille, 1802
Two sub-tribes viz., Aphidina and Rhopalosiphina were
recorded under tribe-Aphidini from horticultural ecosystem of
Kashmir.
Sub-tribe-Aphidina Latreille, 1802
One genus viz., Aphis Linnaeus 1788, with 9 species was
recorded.
Aphis gossypii Glover, 1802
Aphis gossypii is commonly known as cotton aphid. This
species of aphid had wide range of host plants in different
horticultural ecosystems of Kashmir. This species was found
on 14 different species of host plants. The host plant included
Prunus percica (Peach), Capsicum annuum (Chili), Cucurbits
(Bottle guard, cucumber and other gaurds), Abroma agusta
(Devil’s cotton), Buddeleja asiatica (W. butterfly bush),
Rumex sp., Robinia pseudoacacia, Lucerne, Wild apple, Pear,
Plum, Taraxacum officinale (Dendallion), Chenopodium
album, Chrysanthemum sp. Natural enemies which were
associated with the Aphis gossypii included predator viz.,
Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegata (Goe.),
Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly and
parasitoids included Ephedrus plagiator (Nees) (Rishi, 1976),
Trioxy srubicola Shujauddin [33].
Aphis pomi De Geer, 1773
It is commonly known as Green apple aphid. Aphis pomi was
recorded mainly on the Malus domestica (Apple) in fruit
ecosystem of Kashmir. Predators which reported to feed on
the Aphis pomi include Harmonia dimidiata (F.), Adalia
tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Coccinella
septempunctata L., Chrysoperlaz. Sillemi E. & P., Spiders,
Syrphid fly larvae.
Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854
Aphis craccivora is commonly known as cow pea aphid. The
main host plants on which Aphis craccivora was recorded in
different horticultural ecosystems of Kashmir included
Cissam pelospariera (Ice vine), Dolichos lablab (Lablab
bean), Robinia pseudoacacia (Kikar-Black Locust). Predators
which recorded to prey on Aphis craccivora included
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), spiders and syrphid fly.
Parasitoids recovered included Ephedrus persicae (Froggatt) [34] and Trioxys jaii (Bhagat) [18, 19].
Aphis spiraecola (Patch, 1914)
Aphis spiraecola is commonly known as spirea aphid. Aphis
spiraecola was recorded on the Malus domestica (Apple) and
cucumber in fruit and vegetable ecosystems of Kashmir.
Predators, which were recorded to feed on A. spiraecola
include H. dimidiata, Adalia tetraspilota, Hippodamia
variegata (Goe.), C. septempunctata, C. z. sillemi, spiders and
~ 191 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
syrphid fly larva. Aphis spiraecola is parasitized by Aphidius
matricariae Haliday [34] as recorded from Jammu and
Kashmir.
Aphis fabae solanella Theobald, 1914
It is commonly known as Black bean aphid. Aphis fabae
solanella was recorded mainly on the Solanum miniatum,
Phaseolus sp. (French beans) and Euonymus japonicus (ever
green) an ornamental plant of Kashmir. Predators which were
recorded to feed on the Aphis fabae solanella include H.
dimidiata, Adalia tetraspilota, Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),
C. septempunctata, Chrysoperla z. sillemi, spiders and
syrphid fly larva.
Aphis nerii Boyer B de Fonscolombe, 1841
It is commonly known as Milk-weed aphid. Aphis nerii was
reported mainly on the Nerium indicum (Sweet oleander) and
Calotropis gigantean (Crown flower). Predators, which were
recorded to feed on the Aphis nerii include Coccinella
septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia
tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and Syrphid fly. Parasitoid which
was recorded to parasitize on Aphis nerii was Aphidius
colemani Viereck [35].
Aphis punicae Passerini, 1863
Aphis punicae is commonly known as pomegranate aphid.
Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) was the only host plant
infested by the A. punicae found in fruit ecosystem of
Kashmir. Predators, reported to feed on A. punicae were
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders and Syrphid flies.
Aphis affinis del Guercio, 1911
Mentha sp. (Mint) was the only host plant infested by the
Aphis affinis. Predators recorded to feed on Aphis affinis were
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), spiders and syrphid fly
larvae.
Aphis verbasci Schrank, 1801
Aphis verbasci Schrank, 1801 is a new species records from
Jammu and Kashmir. Verbascum thapsus (common mullein)
was the only host plant observed to be infested by Aphis
verbasci. Predators recorded to feed on Aphis verbasci were
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), spiders and syrphid fly
larvae.
Aphis rumicis Linnaeus, 1758
Rumix sp. was the only host plant recorded to be infested by
Aphis rumicis. Predators recorded to feed on Aphis rumicis
were Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota
(Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), spiders and syrphid
fly larvae. This is the first record of Aphis rumicis from
Kashmir.
Sub-tribe: Rhopalosiphina Mordvilko, 1914
The Rhopalosiphina is another sub-tribe of tribe-Aphidini
recorded in horticultural ecosystem of Kashmir. It includes
two genera viz., Rhopalosiphum and Hyalopterus.
Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856)
This species was reported on different host plants in different
horticultural ecosystems of Kashmir. The host plant included
Zea mays (Maize) and Nymphaea alba (White water lily).
Natural enemies which were associated with the
Rhopalosiphum maidis included Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Spiders and Syrphid fly.
Parasitoid recorded was Aphidius colemani Viereck.
Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffery, 1782)
This species was recorded on different host plants viz.,
Prunus cerasus, P. domestica (Plum) Malus domestica
(Apple), wild apple, Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus
persica (Peach). Predators associated with Hyalopterus pruni
were Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota
(Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Chrysoperla sp.,
spiders and syrphid fly.
Hyalopterus amygdale (Blanchard, 1840)
This species was recorded on different host plants viz.,
Prunus cerasus, P. domestica (Plum) Malus domestica
(Apple), Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus persica
(Peach). Predators associated with this aphid species were
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), and Chrysoperla sp. spiders,
syrphid fly.
Tribe-Macrosiphini Wilson, 1910
Seventeen genera and 27 species were recorded from this
tribe; the genera are Brevicoryne, Myzus, Myzaphis,
Macrosiphum, Dysaphis, Aulacorthum, Brachycaudus,
Macrosiphoniella, Cavariella, Acyrthosiphon, Sitobion,
Phorodon, Uroleucon, Hyadaphis, Pseudaphis, Lipaphis,
Metopolophium and Chaetosiphon. Out of these, genus
Metopolophium and Pseudaphis was newly recorded from
Jammu and Kashmir. The different species belonging to these
genera are described as under:
Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758)
It is commonly known as cabbage aphid. This species infests
all cole crops including Brassica oleracea (Cabbage),
Brassica oleracea var. acephella (Hakh), B. oleracea var.
capitata (Cauliflower), Knolkhol, Malus domestica (Apple),
Descurainea puncta, Kale. Natural enemies which were
associated with the B. brassicae included Hippodamia
variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea
luteopustulata (Mul.), Coccinella septempunctata, Spiders,
Syrphid fly and single parasitoid viz., Aphidius matricariae
Haliday (Stary and Bhagat, 1978) was observed on B.
brassicae.
Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1762)
Myzus persicae is commonly known as green peach aphid.
This species was recorded from 7 different host plants
including Solanum melongena Brinjal), Capcicum annuum
(Chili), Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato), Hibiscus
esculentus (Okra), Potato, peach, Capsella-bursa pastoris and
Solamun nigrum. Predators associated with M. persicae
included Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota
(Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
and parasitoids, Aphidius colemani Viereck and Toxares zakai
Shujauddin [33] were recorded on M. persicae.
Myzus umecola Shinji, 1924
Rubia cordifolia (Indian madder) was the only host plant
infested by the M. umecola. Predators reported to feed on M.
umecola were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata
(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sp., Spiders
and Syrphid fly and only single parasitoid viz., Ephedrus
~ 192 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
srinagarensis (Stary and Bhagat) [34] was recorded to
parasitize M. umecola.
Myzus dycei Carver, 1961
Urtica dioica was the only host plant recorded to be infested
by M. dycei. Predators, recorded to feed on M. dycei were
Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegata (Goe),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.) and Chrysoperla larvae. M.
dycei is being recorded for the first time from Kashmir.
Myzaphis rosarum Kaltenbach, 1843
Rosa webbiana (HimalyanWild Rose) was the only host plant
infested by Myzaphis rosarum. Predators recorded to feed on
Myzaphis rosarum were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia
variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and
Syrphid fly and parasitoid recorded was Aphidius rosae
Haliday.
Macrosiphum avenae Fabricius, 1775
Cymbopogan nardus (Nardus grass) and Triticum astivum
(Wheat) were host plants infested by Macrosiphum avenae.
Predators, recorded to feed on Macrosiphum avenae were
Coccinella septempunctata L, Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Propylea luteopustulata
(Mul.), Spiders and Syrphid fly and single parasitoid viz.,
Trioxys kahmirensis (Tak.) [35] was recorded to parasitize
Macrosiphum avenae.
Macrosiphum rosae Linnaeus, 1758
Rosa indica (Cyme Rose) was the only host plant observed to
infest by the M. rosae Predators recorded to feed on
Macrosiphum rosae were Coccinella septempunctata,
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Chrysoperla sp., Spiders and Syrphid fly and single parasitoid
viz., Aphidius rosae Haliday was recorded to parasitize
Macrosiphum rosae.
Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878)
Solanum melongena (Brinjal) was the only host plant
observed to be infested by M. euphorbiae. Predators recorded
to feed on M. euphorbiae were Coccinella septempunctata,
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Spiders and Syrphid fly and a parasitoid, Trioxys kahmirensis
(Takada) [35] was recorded to parasitize M. euphorbiae.
Dysaphis (Pomaphis) pyri (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841)
Prunus persica (Peach) and Malus domestica (Apple) were
host plants infested by D. pyri. Predators observed to feed on
D. (pomaphis) pyri were Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Hp.),
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P, Spiders and Syrphid fly and
parasitoids, Aphidius colemani Viereck was observed to
parasitize D. (pomaphis) pyri. This is the first record D.
(Pomaphis) pyri from Kashmir.
Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach, 1843)
Hibiscus esculentus (Okra) was the only host plant observed
to be infested by A.solani. Predators reported to feed on A.
solani were Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia
variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and
Syrphid fly and a parasitoid Aphidius sp. was recorded to
parasitise A. solani. This is is the first record A. solani from
Kashmir.
Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843)
The host plants included Brassica oleracea (Cabbage),
Notonia grandifolia (Fleshy ragweed), Peach and Erigeron
Canadensis. Natural enemies which were associated with the
B. helichrysi included predator viz., Coccinella
septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia
tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (M.)
Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders, and Syrphid fly and
Aphidius matricariae Haliday was the only parasitoid
recorded to parasitize B. helichrysi.
Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Patch, 1917)
Rumex sp. was the only host plant infested by B.
rumexicolens. Predators recorded to feed on B. rumexicolens
were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.),
Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P.,
Spiders and Syrphid fly. This is the first record of B.
rumexicolens from Kashmir.
Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette, 1908)
Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium (Daisy) was the only host
plant recorded to be infested by Macrosiphoniella sanborni.
Predators recorded to feed on Macrosiphoniella sanborni
were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),
Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and Syrphid fly. Aphidius
absinthii Marshall was the parasitoid recorded on
Macrosiphoniella sanborni.
Macrosiphoniella artemisiae (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841)
Artemisia was the only host plant observed to be infested by
M. artemisiae. Predators recorded to prey on M. artemisiae
were Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota
(Hope) Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders and Syrphid
fly.
Macrosiphoniella yomogifoliae (Shinji, 1922)
Artemisia was the only host plant observed to be infested by
the M. yomogifoliae. Predators recorded to prey on M.
yomogifoliae were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia
variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z.
sillemi E. & P., Spiders and Syrphid fly.
Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli, 1763)
Silex alba (willow) was the only host plant infested by the
Cavariella aegopodii. Predators feeding on Cavariella
aegopodii were Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Hp.), Callicaria
superba (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia
tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and Syrphid fly. Ephedrus minor
Stelfox [35] was recorded to parasitize Cavariella aegopodii.
Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, 1776
Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean) and Pisum sativum (Pea)
were host plants infested by Acyrthosiphon pisum. Predators
preying upon Acyrthosiphon pisum were Adalia tetraspilota
(Hope), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Spiders and Syrphid
fly and parasitoids, Aphidius smithi Sharma and Subbarao [35]
was recorded to parasitize Acyrthosiphon pisum.
Acyrthosiphon rubi (Narzikulov, 1957)
Rubus fruticosus Lucviatour was the only host plant observed
to be infested by Acyrthosiphon rubi. Predators preying upon
Acyrthosiphon rubi were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia
variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla
sillemi E. &P., Spiders and Syrphid fly.
~ 193 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Sitobion rosaeiformis (Das, 1918)
Rosa damascena (Damask rose) was the only host plant
infested by the Sitobion rosaeiformis. Predators preying upon
Sitobion rosaeiformis were Calvia punctata (Mul.),
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Chrysoperla sillemi E. &P., Spiders and Syrphid fly and
parasitoids, Aphidius rosae Haliday and A. uzbekistanicus L. [35] were observed to parasitize Sitobion rosaeiformis.
Phorodon cannabis Passerini, 1860
Cannabis sativa (Hemp) was the only host plant infested by
Phorodon cannabis. Predators recorded to prey upon
Phorodon cannabis were Coccinella septempunctata L,
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Spiders and Syrphid fly, and parasitoid, Aphidius matricariae
H. [35] was recorded to parasitize Phorodon cannabis.
Uroleucon compositae (Theobald, 1915)
Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium (Daisy) was the only host
plant infested by Uroleucon compositae. Predators feeding
upon Uroleucon compositae were Calvia punctata (Mul.),
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) and
parasitoids viz., Trioxys centaureae (Haliday) and T.
uroleucon Takada were recorded to parasitize Uroleucon
compositae.
Hyadaphis coriandri (Das, 1918)
Coriandrum sativum (Corriander) was the only host plant
infested by Hyadaphis coriandri. Predators preying upon
Hyadaphis coriandri were Coccinella septempunctata L,
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia
tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders and
Syrphid fly, and parasitoid Aphidius matricariae H. was
recorded to parasitize on Hyadaphis coriandri.
Pseudaphis abyssinica Hille Ris Lambers, 1954
Many species of Rose were observed to be infested by
Pseudaphis abyssinica. Predators associated with Pseudaphis
abyssinica were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia
variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and
Syrphid fly. Thisis the first record of Pseudaphis abyssinica
from Kashmir.
Lipaphis erysimi (pseudobrassicae) (Davis, 1914)
The host plants included Brassica oleracea (Cabbage),
Brassica juncaea (Mustard), Brassica oleracea var capitata
(Cauliflower), Turnip and Radish and other cruciferous crops.
Natural enemies which were associated with the Lipaphis
erysimi included predators viz., Coccinella septempunctata
L., Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Hippodamia variegate
(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E.&
P., Spiders, and Syrphid fly and Lysaphidus erysimi Stray [36]
was the parasitoid recorded from Lipaphis pseudobrassicae.
Metopolophium montanum HilleRisLambers, 1947
This is the first record of Metopolophium montanum from
Kashmir. Rosa indica (Cyme Rose) was the only host plant
infested by Metopolophium montanum. Predators preying
upon Metopolophium montanum were Calvia punctata (Mul.),
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Spiders and Syrphid fly, and Toxares deltiger (Haliday) was
recorded to parasitize Metopolophium montanum.
Metopolophium sp.
Wild rose was found to be infested by some undetermined
Metopolophium sp. Predators associated with the
Metopolophium sp. colony were Calvia punctata (Mul.),
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Spiders and Syrphid fly, and Toxares deltiger (Haliday) was
recorded to parasitize on Metopolophium sp.
Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell, 1901)
Strawberry was the only host plant infested by the
Chaetosiphon fragaefolii as recorded in the fruit ecosystem of
Kashmir. Predators observed to prey on Chaetosiphon
fragaefolii were Calvia punctata (Mul.) Hippodamia
variegata (Goe.) and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope).
Sub-family-Eriosomatinae
The sub-family Eriosomatinae included two tribes viz.,
Eriosomatini and Pemphigini, recorded in Kashmir.
Tribes-Eriosomatini
Single genus Eriosoma was recorded from Tribe-Eriosomatini
in horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir.
Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann, 1802)
The genus Eriosoma had single species, E. lanigerum (woolly
apple aphid) recorded on Malus domestica (Apple) in fruit
ecosystem of Kashmir. Predators observed to prey on E.
lanigerum were Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Chrysoperla z.
Sillemi E.& P. and Parasitoids viz., Aphelinus mali and
Areopraon lepellepi (W.) [37] were recorded to parasitize on E.
lanigerum.
Tribes- Pemphigini
Prociphilus was the only genus of Tribe-Pemphigini that was
recorded in horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir.
Prociphilus micheliae Koach, 1857
In tribe-Pemphigini had single species viz., P. micheliae
recorded on Michelia champa (Golden champa). Predators
recorded to prey on P. micheliae were Coccinella
septempunctata L, Calvia punctata(Mul.), Hippodamia
variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), spiders and
syrphid flies. Parasitoid Ephedrus plagiator (Nees) was
recorded on P. micheliae.
Sub-family-Lachinae Herrich-Schaeffer, 1854
The sub-family Lachinae included two tribes viz., Tramini
and Lachini, reported in horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir.
The tribe- Tramini
The tribe-Tramini had single genus viz., Protrama Baker,
1920 as recorded in vegetable ecosystem of Kashmir.
Protrama penecaea Stryon 1998
The species Protrama penecaea was recorded on Helianthus
tuberosus (Artichoke). Predators recorded to prey on P.
penecaea were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia
variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Chrysoperla.z. Sillemi E. & P, spiders and syrphid flies.
Tribe–Lachnini
In Tribe–Lachini, two genera were recorded namely
Pyrolachnus and Pterochloroides with one species each.
Pyrolachnus pyri (Buckton, 1899)
Pyrolachnus pyri was observed on Malus domestic (Apple)
and Prunus armeniaca (Apricot) in fruit ecosystem of
~ 194 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Kashmir. Predators recorded to feed on Pyrolachnus pyri
were Harmonia dimidiata (F.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.),
and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & P,
spiders and syrphid flies.
Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky, 1899)
Pterochloroides persicae was a single species recorded under
genus Pterochloroides on Prunus persica (Peach) in fruit
ecosystem of Kashmir. Predators recorded to prey on P.
persicae were Harmonia eucharis (Mu.), Coccinella
septempunctata L, Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), and Adalia
tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & P, spiders
and syrphid flies.
Sub-family-Chaitophorinae Eastop, 1966
The tribe-Chaitophorini had single genus viz., Chaitophorus
and two species viz., Chaitophorus sp. reported on Poplus sp.
(Poplar) and C. formosartemisiae reported on Artemisia in
horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir.
Chaitophorus sp.
Chaitophorus sp. was recorded on Poplus sp. (Poplar) in
horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir. Predators recorded to feed
on Chaitophorus sp were Calvia punctata (Mul.),
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope).
Parasitoid viz., Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch) (Shujauddin,
1978) was recorded to parasitize on Chaitophorus sp.
Chaitophorus formosartemisiae (Takahashi, 1921)
Chaitophorus formosartemisiae is a first record on Artemisia
in horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir Predators reported to
feed on Chaitophorus formosartemisiae were Calvia punctata
(Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota
(Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders and Syrphid fly.
Sub-family-Drepanosiphinae
In subfamily Drepanospihinae, three genera viz. Tinocallis,
Chromaphis amd Panaphis were recorded from Kashmir with
one species each.
Tinocallis sp.
The genus Tinocallis included one undetermined species
recorded on Elm. Predators reported to feed on T. saltans
were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.),
and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla.z. Sillemi E. & P,
Spiders and Syrphid fly.
Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach, 1843)
The genus Chromaphis included species viz., C. juglandicola
recorded on Juglans regia (walnut) in fruit ecosystem of
Kashmir. Predators reported to feed on C. juglandicola were
Harmonia eucharis (Mu.), Calvia punctata (Mul.),
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Chrysoperla. z. sillemi E. & P, Spiders and Syrphid fly and
parasitoid reported on C. juglandicola was Trioxys pallidus
(Haliday) [36].
Panaphis juglandis (Goetze, 1778)
The genus-Panaphis (Calipteras) had single species viz.,
Panaphis juglandis (Goetze) recorded to feed on single host
plant viz., Juglans regia (walnut) in fruit ecosystem of
Kashmir. Predators recorded to prey on P. juglandis (Goetze)
were Harmonia eucharis (Mu.), Hippodamia variegata
(Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Calvia punctata
(Mul.), Chrysoperla.z. Sillemi E. & P, Spiders and Syrphid fly
and parasitoid on P. juglandis (Goetze) was Trioxys pallidus
(Haliday).
~ 195 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Table 1: Inventory of associated host plant and natural enemies of the aphid fauna of Kashmir during 2012-2015
Sub family, Tribe and
Subtribe Genus Species Associated host plant Associated N.E
A. Sub family-Aphidinae
A.1. Tribe-Aphidini
Latreille, 1802
A.1. 1. Sub tribe-Aphidina
Latreille, 1802 Aphis Linnaeus, 1758
Aphis gossypii Glover,
1802
(Cotton aphid)
Capsicum annuum (Chili), Cucurbit sp. (Bottle guard),
Abroma agusta (Devil’s cotton), Buddeleja asiatica (W.
butterfly bush), Rumex sp., Robinia pseudoacacia,
Lucerne, Wild apple, Prunus cerasus, P. domestica
(Plum), Malus domestica (Apple), Prunus
armeniaca(Apricot)
Prunus persica (Peach), Taraxa cumofficinale (Dendallion), Chenopodium album,Chrysanthemum sp.
a. Predators.
Propyle aluteopustulata (M.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.)
Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids
Ephedrus plagiator (Nees), Trioxys rubicola Shujauddin
Aphis pomi De Geer,
1773
(Green apple aphid)
Malus domestica (Apple)
a. Predators.
Harmonia dimidiata (F.)
Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Hippodamia variegata (Goe.),
Coccinella septempunctata L., Chrysoperla z. sillemi E.& P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
Aphis craccivora Koch,
1854.
(Cow pea aphid)
Cissampelos pariera (Ice vine)
Dolichos lablab (Lablab bean)
Bobinia pseudoacacia (Kikar-Black Locust)
a. Predators.
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids.
Ephedrus persicae Froggatt, Trioxys jaii Bhagat
Aphis spiraecola
(Patch,1914)
(Spirea aphid)
Malus domestica (Apple)
Cucumis sativus (Cucumber)
a. Predators.
Coccinella septempunctata L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & P, Spiders, Syrphid fly.
b. Parasitoids.
Aphidius matricariae Haliday
Aphis fabae solanella
Theobald,1914
(Black bean aphid)
Solanum miniatum
Phaseolus sp.(French bean), Euonymus japanicus
Thumb
a. Predators.
Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegate
(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
Aphis nerii Boyer B de
Fonscolombe, 1841
(Milk Weed aphid)
Nerium indicum (Sweet oleander)
Calotropis gigantean (Crown flower)
a. Predators.
Coccinella septempunctata L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids.
~ 196 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Aphidius colemani Viereck
Aphis punicae Passerini,
1863 Punica granatum L. (Pome granate)
a. Predators.
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
Aphis affinis del Guercio,
1911 Mentha sp. (Mint)
Predators.
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
*Aphis (A.) verbasci
Schrank, 1801 Verbascum thapsus
a. Predators.
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
*Aphis rumicis Linnaeus,
1758 Rumix sp.
a. Predators.
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
A. 1. 2. Sub-Tribe-
Rhopalosiphina Mordvilko, 1914
Rhopalosiphum Koch, 1854 R. maidis(Fitch, 1856) Zea maize (Maize)
Nymphaea alba (White water lily)
a. Predators.
Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Coccinella septempunctata L.,
Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids
Aphidius colemani Viereck
Hyalopterus Koch, 1854
H. pruni (Geoffery, 1782)
Prunuscerasus, P. domestica (Plum), Malus domestica
(Apple), Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus persica
(Peach)
a. Predators.
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
Hyalopterus amygdale
(Blanchard, 1840).
Prunus cerasus, P. domestica (Plum), Malus domestica
(Apple), Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus persica (Peach)
a. Predators.
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
Hyalopterus sp. Prunus cerasus, P. domestica (Plum), Prunus armeniaca
(Apricot), Prunus persica (Peach)
a. Predators.
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
A. 2. Tribe-Macrosiphini
Wilson, 1910
Brevicoryne
Van der Goot, 1915
B. brassicae (Linnaeus,
1758)
(Cabbage aphid)
Brassica oleracea (Cabbage)
Brassica oleracea var. acephella (Hakh), B.
oleraceavar.capitata (Cauliflower), Knolkhol
Malus domestica (Apple), Descurainia ouncta, Kale
a. Predators.
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Coccinella septempunctata
L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. &
P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids.
Aphidius matricariae Haliday
Myzus (Nectarosiphon)
Passerini, 1860
M. persicae (Sulzer,
1762)
(Green peach aphid)
Solanum melongena (Brinjal), Capcicum annuum
(Chili)
Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato), Hibiscus esculentus
(Okra), Potato (Solanum tubersum)
a. Predators.
Coccinella septempunctata L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
~ 197 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Capsella-bursa pastoris
Solamun nigrum
b. Parasitoids.
Aphidius colemani Viereck, Toxares zakai Shujauddin
M. umecola Shinji, 1924 Rubia cordifolia (Indian madder )
a. Predators
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),
Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids
Ephedrus srinagarensis Stray &Bhagat
*M. dycei Carver, 1961 Urtica dioica
a. Predators.
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
Myzaphis
Van der Goot, 1913
M. rosarum (K.)
Kaltenbach, 1843 Rosa webbiana (Him. Wild Rose)
a. Predators.
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),
Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids
Aphidius rosae Haliday
Macrosiphum
Cholodrovsky, 1902
M. avenae Fabricus, 1775 Cymbopo gannardus (Nardus grass)
Triticum astivum (Wheat)
Predator
Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegate
(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Spiders, Syrphid fly
a. Parasitiods
Trioxys kahmirensis (Tak.)
M. rosae Linnaeus, 1758 Rosa indica (Cyme Rose)
a. Predators
Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegate
(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids
Aphidius rosae Haliday
*M. euphorbiae
(Thomas, 1878) Solanum melongena (Brinjal)
a. Predators.
Coccinella septempunctata L., Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids
Trioxys kahmirensis (Takada)
Dysaphis
Bormer, 1931
(Pomaphis)
*D. (pomaphis) pyri
(Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841)
Prunuspersica (Peach)
Malusdomestica (Apple)
a. Predators
Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Hp.), Hippodamia variegate
(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. sillemi
E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoid
Aphidius colemani Viereck
Aulacorthum *A. solani (Kaltenbach, Hibiscus esculentus (Okra) a. Predators
~ 198 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Morrilko, 1914 1843) Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegate
(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope)
Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoid
Aphidius sp.
Brachycaudus
(Thuleaphis) Van der Goot,
1913
B. helichrysi (Kaltenbach,
1843)
Brassica oleracea (Cabbage)
Notonia grandifolia (Fleshy ragweed)
Peach, plum, apple
Erigeron canadensis
a. Predators
Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegate
(Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylealuteopustulata (M.), Chrysoperlasillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids
Aphidius matricariae Haliday
*B. rumexicolens
(Patch, 1917) Rumex sp.
a. Predator
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),
Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
Macrosiphoniella
Del Guercio, 1911
M. sanborni
(Gillette,1908) Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium (Daisy)
a. Predators
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),
Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoid
Aphidius absinthii Marshall
M. artemisiae
(Boyerdefons Colombe, 1841)
Artemisia
a. Predators.
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.)
Spiders, Syrphid fly
M. (M.) yomogifoliae
(Shinji, 1922) Artemisia
a. Predator
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),
Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
Cavariella
Del Guercio, 1911
C. aegopodii (Scopoli,
1763) Silex alba (willow)
a. Predators
Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Hp.), Callicaria superba (Mul.),
Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids
Ephedrus minor Stelfox
Acyrthosiphon
Mordvelko, 1914 A. Pisum Harris, 1776
Phaseolus sp.(French bean)
Pisum sativum (Pea)
a. Predators
Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),
Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids
~ 199 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Aphidius smithi S.
Arubi (Narzikulov, 1957) Rubus fruticosus Lucviatour.
a. Predator
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope)
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla sillemi E. &
P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
Sitobion
Mordvilko, 1914
S. rosaeiformis (Das,
1918) Rosa damascene (Damask rose)
a. Predators
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope)
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids
Aphidius rosae Haliday, A.uzbekistanicus L.
Phorodon
Passerini, 1860
P. cannabis Passerini,
1860 Cannabis sativa (Bang)
a. Predators
Coccinella septempunctata L, Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoid
Aphidius matricariae H.
Uroleucon
Mordvilko, 1914
U. compositae (Theobald,
1915) Chrysanthemum Cinerarifolium (Daisy)
a. Predator
Calvia punctata (Mul.)
b. Parasitoids
Trioxys centaureae (Haliday), T.uroleucon Takada
Hyadaphis
Eastop & Hille Ris Lambers,
1976
H. coriandri (Das, 1918) Coriandrum sativum (Corriander)
a. Predator
Coccinella septempunctata L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Calvia punctata (Mul.), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P.
Spiders, Syrphid fly
*Pseudaphis
Hille Ris Lambers, 1954
*P. abyssinica Hille Ris
Lambers, 1954 Rosa indica (Cyme Rose)
a. Predators
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
Lipaphis
Mordvilko, 1914
L. pseudobrassicae
(Davis, 1914)
Brassica oleracea (Cabbage), Brassica juncaea
(Mustard), Brassica oleracea var.capitata (Cauliflower),
Turnip, Radish
a. Predators
Coccinella septempunctata L, Propylea luteopustulata
(M.), Cheilomenes sexmaculata (F)
Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids
Lysaphidus erysimi Stray
*Metopolophium
Mordvilko, 1914
*M. montanum Hille Ris
Lambers, 1947 Rose indica (Cyme rose)
a. Predators
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope)
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Prasitoids
~ 200 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Toxares deltiger (Haliday)
Metopolophium sp. wild rose
Predators
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope)
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Prasitoids
Toxares deltiger (Haliday)
Chaetosiphon (Pentatrichopus)
Mordvilko, 1914
*C. fragaefolii
(Cockerell, 1901) Straw berry
a. Predator
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.)
A. Sub-family-
Eriosomatinae
B. 1. Tribe- Eriosomatini Eriosoma
Leach, 1818
E. lanigerum (Hausmann,1802)
Malus domestica (Apple)
a. Predator
Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. &
P.
b. Parasitoids
Aphelinus mali, Areopraon lepellepi (W.)
B.2. Tribe- Pemphigini Prociphilus Koach, 1857 P. micheliae Hille Ris
Lambers, 1933 Micheliachampa (Golden champa)
a. Predators
Coccinella septempunctata L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Calvia punctata (Mul.),
Spiders, Syrphid fly
b.Parasitoids
Ephedrus plagiator (Nees)
C. Sub-family-Lachinae
Herrich-Schaeffer, 1854
C.1. Tribe: Tramini
Herrich-Schaeffer, 1854
Protrama
Baker, 1920 P. penecaea Stryon Helianthus tuberosus (Artichoke)
a. Predator
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope)
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperlasillemi E. &
P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
C.2. Tribe: Lachnini
Pyrolachnus
Basu and Hille Ris Lambers,
1968
P. pyri (Buckton, 1899) Malus domestica (Apple)
Prunus armeniaca (Apricot)
a. Predator
Harmonia dimidiata (F.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. &
P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
PterochloroidesMordvilko,
1914 P. persicae Ghosh, 1982 Prunus persica (Peach)
a. Predator
Harmoni eucharis (Mul.), Coccinella septempunctata L,
Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
D. Sub-family-
Chaitophorinae Eastop, 1966
~ 201 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
D.1. Tribe-Chaitophorini
Mordvilko, 1914 Chaitophorus Koch, 1854
Chaitophorus sp. Poplus sp.(Poplar)
a. Predator
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope)
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.),
b.Parasitoids
Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch)
*C. formosartemisiae
(Takahashi, 1921) Artemisia
a. Predator
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope)
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla sillemi E. &
P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
E. Sub-family-
Drepanosiphinae
Tinocallis Matsumura, 1919 Tinocallis sp. Elm
a. Predator
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope)
Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
Chromaphis Walker, 1870 C. juglandicola
(Kaltenbach, 1843) Juglans regia (walnut)
a. Predators
Coccinella septempunctata L, Harmoni eucharis (Mu.),
Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Calvia punctata (Mul.),
Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids.
Trioxys pallidus(Haliday)
Calipteras (Panaphis) C. juglandis (Goetze) Juglans regia (walnut)
a. Predators
Coccinella septempunctata L, Harmonia eucharis (Mul.),
Calvia punctata (Mul.), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly
b. Parasitoids.
Trioxys pallidus (Haliday)
*New records genus and species from Kashmir (2012-15)
~ 202 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Acknowledgements
This work was funded by Department of Science and
Technology (DST), New Delhi, GOI under the project entitled
“Biodiversity and management of aphid fauna of temperate
horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir”. We also thank Dr.
Rajendra Singh, Professor and Head, Department of Zoology,
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya University, Gorakhpur (UP) for his
valuable help in identification of samples.
Reference
1. Dixon AFG. Aphid Ecology, 2nd edn. Chapman and
Hall, London, 1998, 300.
2. Dixon AFG. Parthenogenetic reproduction and the rate of
increase in aphids. In: Aphids; their Biology, Natural
Enemies and Control. (Eds. A.K. Minks and P.
Harrewijin). Elsevier, Amsterdam. 1987, 269-287.
3. Blackman RL, Eastop VF. Taxonomic Issues. In: Aphids
as Crop Pests. (Eds. H.F. van Emden and R. Harrington).
CABI, Cambridge, UK. 2007, 1-22
4. Blackman RL, Eastop VF. Aphids on the World’s
Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs. Wiley, Chichester, 2006,
1:1024.
5. Shah MA, Khan AA, Junaid JM, Majid S, Mohi-ud-din
S. Aphid Vectored Viral Diseases and their Management.
In: Insect Pests Management of Fruit Crops, Edited by
Ajay Kumar Pandey, Dr. Pramod Mall, 08/2015: chapter
27:; Biotech Books® 4762-63/23, Ansari Road, Darya
Ganj, New Delhi - 110 002., ISBN: 978-81-7622-358-4.
2015, 511-554.
6. Kennedy WT, Day VF, Eastop VF. A conspectus of
aphids as vectors of plant virues. Commonwealth
Institute of Entomology, London, 1962, 114.
7. Blackman RL, Eastop VF. Aphids on the World’s Crops:
An Identification and Information Guide, 2nd edn. Wiley,
Chichester, 2000, 466.
8. Ghosh LK, Singh R. Biodiversity of Indian insectswith
special reference to aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae).
Journal of Aphidology. 2000; 14:113-123.
9. Remaudiere G, Remaudiere M. Catalogue of World’s
Aphididae: Homoptera- Aphidoidea. Inra Edition: Route
de France, 1997, 478.
10. Agarwala BK, Ghosh AK. A checklist of Aphidoidea
(Homoptera) of India. Records of Zoological Survey of
India; Occasional. 1984; 50:73.
11. Ghosh AK, Ghosh LK. The Fauna of India and Adjacent
Countries: Homoptera, Aphidoidea, Zoological Survey of
India, Calcutta, 2006; 7(1):244.
12. Bhaga RC. New records of the aphids (Homoptera,
Aphididae) from Kashmir (India). Science & Culture.
1981; 47(4):134-136.
13. Bhagat RC. On aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and
parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) infesting forest
trees in Kashmir valley, India. Indian Forester. 1985;
111(6): 467-474.
14. Khan AA, Zaki FA, Khan ZH, Mir RA. Biodiversity of
predacious ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
in Kashmir. Journal of Biological Control. 2009; 23:43-
47.
15. Bhagat RC. Aphid pests (Insecta) damaging forest-trees
in Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Himalayas: an updated
annotated checklist and biodiversity. Indian Forester.
2011; 137(12):1439-1444.
16. Bhagat RC. Aphids (Insecta) of agricultural importance
in J&K state, India: a checklist and biodiversity.
International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary
Sciences. 2012a; 2(3):116-125.
17. Bhagat RC. Aphids (Insecta) damaging medicinal and
aromatic plants of Jammu and Kashmir State (India): an
updated checklist and biodiversity. Indian Journal of
Applied & Pure Biology 2012b; 27(1):1-10.
18. Bhagat RC. New aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera:
Aphidiiae) from Kashmir, India. Oriental Insect. 1982a;
16:113-117.
19. Bhagat RC. On two new parasitoids (Hymenoptera
Aphidiiae) from Kashmir. Entomon. 1982b; 7(3):321-
324.
20. Raychaudburi DN. (ed.) Food plant catalogue of India
Aphididae, 97 pp and XXVI plates. The AphidoJogical
Society, India, 1983.
21. Bhagat RC, Lone MA. New records and host range of
predators of aphids (Aphididae: Homoptera) in Kashmir
Valley, India. Science & Culture. 1984; 50(12):333-372.
22. Dey D, Akhtar S. Diversity of natural Enemies of Aphids
belonging to Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in
India. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 2007;
10(4):281-296.
23. Khan AA, Singh R, Zaki FA. Biodiversity and population
build-up of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Eunymous
japonicus Thunb. in Kashmir. Journal of Aphidology.
2008; 22(1,2):25-32.
24. Khan AA, Mir RA. Functional response of four
predaceous coccinellids Adalia tetraspilota (Hope),
Coccinella septempunctata (L.), Calvia punctata
(Mulsant) and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) feeding on
the green apple aphid, Aphis pomi De Geer (Homoptera:
aphididae). Journal of Biological Control. 2008; 22:291-
298
25. Mushtaq T, Khan AA. Functional Response of
Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera:
Chrysopidae) to different densities of Aphis craccivora
Koch and Aphis pomi De Geer (Homopetera: Aphididae).
Indian Journal of Agriculture Sciences. 2010a; 80:93-95.
26. Mushtaq T, Khan AA. Functional and aggregation
response of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera:
Chrysopidae) to different densities of Bravicoryne
brassicae (Homopetera: Aphididae). Journal of
Biological Control. 2010b; 24:28-34.
27. Khan AA. Spider fauna (Arachnida: Araneae) in
temperate fruit orchards of Kashmir. Journal of
Biological Control. 2011; 25:103-113.
28. Akhtar S, Dey D. A catalogue of aphid parasitoids
Diversity of natural Enemies of (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae: Aphidiinae) from India. Insecta mundi.
2011; 151:1-31.
29. Shah MA, Khan AA. Aphid in agroecosystem and their
management. In: Hill Agriculture: Prospects, Constraints
and Mitigations, edited by Dr. Shahid Ahamad, 04/2013:
Daya Publishing House, New Delhi, 2013, 314-330.
ISBN: 978-81-7035-859-6.
30. Shah MA, Khan AA. Assessment of coccinellid
biodiversity under pesticide pressure in Horticulture
ecosystems. Indian Journal of Enttomology 2014;
76(2):107-116.
31. Foottit RG, Lowery DT, Maw HEL, Smirle MJ, Lushai
G. Identification, distribution, and molecular
characterization of the apple aphids Aphis pomi and
Aphis spiraecola (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae).
Canadian Entomologist. 2009; 141:478-495.
32. Blackman RL, Eastop VF. Aphids on the World’s Trees.
CAB International, Wallingford. 1994; 987:16 plates.
~ 203 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
33. Shujauddin. Three species of Trioys Haliday
(Hymenoptera Aphidiiae) from India. Indian Journal of
Entomology 1973; 35:9-14.
34. Stary P, Bhagat RC, Records and descriptions of aphid
parasitioids from Kashmir, India (Hymenoptera
Aphidiiae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca. 1978;
75:387-393.
35. Takada H, Rishi ND. Records of fifteen species of
Aphidiiae (Hymenoptera) from Kashmir, India with
descriptions of three new species. Kontyu. 1980; 48:234-
240.
36. Rishi ND. Survey and studies of aphidiid parasites of
aphids. Abstr. Symposium on modern trends in
zoological research in India. The zoological society,
Culcutta. 1976, 47-48.
37. Rishi ND, Bhagat RC. Studies on some fores aphids pests
and their aphidiid parasites in Kashmir, wit notices on
biological control efficiency. Abstracts, 5th All India
Congress of Zoology 1980, 95-96.
38. Shujauddin. Two new species of the genus Toxares
Westwood (Hymenoptera Aphidiiae) from India with a
note on the genus. Indian Journal of Entomology. 1974;
36:268-274.