420 MEETING AT LEAMINGTON—THE ANALYTICAL SANITARY COMMISSION.

man; and it must be a pleasant duty to influence others totheir good.These are only some of the modes in which professional

men may serve an office in which they themselves feel con-fidence. And those we have given are only some of thereasons why the profession should become active in the

matter. Medical men have complained so much of the con-duct of the old and penurious offices toward themselves, thatunless they would act as children, they are bound to supportan institution avowedly established with the object of con-quering from the unfair and illiberal establishments, the justrights of the profession. Certainly no individual, nor theprofession collectively, has, or can have, any right to com-

plain, if for the future, the relation between the medical prac-titioners of this country and the insurance offices, be one ofcomplaint, grudging, and insult. The profession must surelynow act, or they must forfeit the right to complain and todemand.

ACCORDING to intelligence we have received, our hints tothe students of the University of Edinburgh respecting theremoval of their globulistic professors, will not be thrownaway. We are, moreover, assured that those of the professorswho have kept aloof from all tampering with globulism andits practisers, would be delighted to leave the matter in thehands of the students. It is rumoured that another effort is

to be made by the professors to purify the chairs, and thatpending this, students will be encouraged to absent them-selves from the classes of the obnoxious teachers. As we

have already said, the best way to empty the chairs would befirst to empty the benches.But we trust the Scotch students will, for the honour of their

National University, take some steps beyond mere absenceand silence, to show their disapproval of the state of thingswhich has been permitted during the last seven years. The

Town Council is, we are told, to be memorialized strongly bythe Faculty of Medicine. Let the students send in their

Memorial-nay, let them present it to the Town Council in abody, so as to show these anomalous patrons of learning thatmedical students are anxious that the sources from which

they derive their knowledge shall be pure. The disputed iprofessorships in Edinburgh is really A STUDENTS’ MATTER. Thecontinuance of globulistic professors will injure the character ofthe students, and the rising generation of medical men in Scot-land, far more than it will damage those now established in prac-tice. In London, globulism is felt to be a matter in which thehonour and credit of our students are intimately mixed up.It is for this reason that the students’ societies of our hospitalsand schools have met to repudiate all connexion with theglobulistic quackery, or with those who follow it. The

coming November will be a time of no mean import to theUniversity of Edinburgh; and if the students do not behavemanfully, great and long-continued mischief must be the

result.

IT is by such meetings as that recorded at page 398 of thelast number of THE LANCET, that the success of the newMedical College is to be ensured. The medical practitionersof Leamington and Warwick have set a worthy example totheir professional brethren throughout the empire - anexample which it is earnestly hoped may be generally fol-

lowed. Let such a meeting as that which took place atLeamington on the 9th Oct., be held in every considerabletown in the kingdom, and it will soon cease to be a reproachto our profession that it contains no asylum for its aged mem-

bers, and no college for the orphan children of those who havedied without the means of providing for their offspring. It

will be a disgrace, indeed, to the practitioners of medicine ofthis kingdom, if the necessary funds for building and endow-ing Mr. PROPERT’S projected college are not speedily collected.

THE

ANALYTICAL SANITARYCOMMISSION.

RECORDS OF THE RESULTS OF

MICROSCOPICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSESOF THE

SOLIDS AND FLUIDSCONSUMED BY ALL CLASSES OF THE PUBLIC.

CHICORY AND COFFEE,WITH THEIR

ADULTERATIONS.

IN previous Reports we quoted the observations made byDr. Pereira in reference to the employment of mineral in-gredients, as Venetian-red and reddle, for the purpose of height-ening the colour of the roasted and ground chicory-root.In corroboration of these remarks, we detected a red earthy

substance in two samples, the results of the examination ofwhich we have already made known.As, however, the use of such ingredients is of great import-

ance in a sanitary point of view, we have instituted specialanalyses, in order to determine the extent to which this kindof adulteration is carried.The evidence of the use of these substances, as we have

already seen to be the case with cocoa, is principally derivedfrom the incineration of a certain quantity of the chicory-powder. All vegetable substances, whether coloured or not,yield, on incineration, a greyish-white ash. The ash of colouredearthy substances, on the contrary, after being burned in acrucible, remains more or less coloured.

As, however, chicory is the root of a plant, and as the earthymatter is but seldom entirely removed from it by washing, theash of even genuine chicory not unfrequently exhibits, on thisaccount, a slight degree of coloration, being occasionallybrownish, or of light-fawn colour. It is only, therefore, whenthe ash is decidedly coloured, and especially when of a red orrusty-red colour, that the presence of Venetian-red, reddle, orsome other analogous substance, is rendered certain.

In these facts, therefore, we have a ready means of de-termining whether a sample of chicory, or any other vegetablepowder, contains an admixture of mineral ingredients-a con-clusion which may be confirmed by chemical experiment.In the following analyses we have not confined our atten-

tion to this one particular, but have made complete analyses ofthe whole of the samples under examination.

RESULTS OF THE MICROSCOPICAL AND CHEMICAL EXAMINA-TION OF SAMPLES OF CHICORY OBTAINED OF DIFFERENTMANUFACTURERS.

We refrain from publishing the names, except in theinstance of proprietary articles, of the manufacturers ofthe samples of chicory given below, as they were not pro-cured by ourselves direct from the manufacturers, but throughothers.

421

IN POWDER.

lst Sample.Adulterated-containing much roasted 2vlaeat;flour; ash, of afawn colour.

’

2nd Sample.Ash, of a lightfawn colour.

3rd Sample.Ash, of fawn colour.

4the Sample. ·

Adulterated-containing roasted wheat-flour; ash, of a dark-brown colour.

5th Sample.Ash, of a fawn colour.

6<7t Sample.Ash, of a light-brown colour.

7th Sample. jAdulterated-containing much wheat-flour; ash, of a fawn I

colour. ’

8th Sample.Ash, of a rusty-red colour.

9th Sample.Ash, of a rusty-red colour.

10th Sample.Adulterated-with much wheat:flour; ash, of a rusty-red colour.

11th Sample.Ash, of a l&iacute;ght-fawn colour.

12th Sample.Ash, of a deep rusty-red colour.

13th Sample.Purchased-of W. R. Turner, 267, Oxford-street, in packages,

price 2d." GENUINE

CHICORY POWDER,A great improvement to Coffee, manufactured from the finest

Hambro-root,by

TAYLOR BROTHERS."

Ash, of a rusty-red colour.

14th Sample.Purchased&mdash;of J. Gates, 76, Lisson-grove North, in packages,

price 2d.price 2d. "BARRY AND COMPANY’S

GENUINE

HAMBRO CHICOREE,A great improvement to Coffee.

GENUINE AS IMPORTED."

Ash, of a faevn colour.

15th Samnle.Purchased-at the Barbican Steam Mills, 49, Barbican, in

packages, price 11/2d."GENUINE CHICORY."

Adulterated-containing roasted w7zeat- ash, of a rusty-red colour.

flour; asb, of a rusty-

IN NIBS.16th Sample.

Ash of incinerated nibs, of a rusty-red colour on the surface.

17th Sample.Ash of incinerated nibs, of a rusty-red colour on the surface.

18th ganiple.Ash of incinerated nibs, white on the surface.

RESULTS OF THE MICROSCOPICAL AND CHEMICAL EXAMINATIONOF SAMPLES OF CHICORY PURCHASED AT THE ESTABLISHMENTSOF DIFFERENT GROCERS IN THE METROPOLIS.

19th Sample.Purchased-of R. Jones, 16, High-street, Borough.Ash, of a deep rusty-}’ed colour.

20t1z Sample.Purchased-of Newson and Williams, 5, High-street, Borough.Ash, of a fawn colour.

21st Sample.Purchased-of White and Fairchild, 63, High-street, Borough.Ash, of a fawn colour.

22nd Sample.Purchased-of D. Plant, 76, High-street, Borough.

Adulterated -containing roasted jarina>’ ash, of a fawncolour.

23rd Sample.Purchased - of White and Company, 107, High-street,Borough.Ash, of afawn colour.

24th Sample.Purchased&nacute;of Harrington and Lucas, 113, High-street,Borough.Ash, of a rusty-brown colour.

25th Sample.Purchased-of Rose and Co., 213, High-street, Borough.Ash, of a light fawn colour.

26th Sample.Purchased-of Brocksopp, Sons, and Co., 234, High-street,

Borough.Ash, of a light-brown colour.

27th Sample.Purchased-of J. Pringle, 35, Blackman-street, Borough.Ash, of afawn colour.

28t1a Sample.Purchased-of C. Hart and Co., 4, Newington-causeway.Ash, of a yellowish-brown colour.

29th Sample.Purchased-of Horwood and Co., 69, Newington-causeway.Ash, of a light-brown colour.

30th Sample.Purchased-of Dannan and Co., 2, Walworth-road.Ash, of a dirty-brown colour.

31st Sample.Purchased-of Field and Co., 9, Walworth-road.Ash, of a light-brown colour.

32nd Sample.Purchased-of Weller and Co., 14, Crown-row, Walworth-

road.Ash, of afawn colour.

33rd Sample.Purchased-of J. Clarke, 8, Crown-row, Walworth-road.Ash, of a light-fawn colour.

"

34th Sample.Purchased-of Fisher and Co., 24, Crown-row, Walworth-

road.Ash, of a yellowish-brown colour.

RESULTS OF THE MICROSCOPICAL AND CHEMICAL EXAMINATIONOF SAMPLES OF COFFEE PURCHASED AT THE ESTABLISHMENTSOF DIFFERENT GROCERS IN THE METROPOLIS.

35th Sample.Purchased-of Anderton and Co., 26, Old-street, St. Luke’s.

Adulterated-consisting principally of chicory; ash, of a,

greyish-white colour.

422

36<A Sample.Purchased-of S. Rains, 175, Old-street, St. Luke’s.Adulterated-containing a considerable quantity of chicory;

ash, of a greyish,white colour.

37th sample.Purchased-of Mr. Jackson, 21, Goswell-street.

Adulterated-nearly one-half of the sample consisting ofchicory; ash, of a greyish.white colour.

38th Sctmple.Purchased-of T. Barber, 104, Goswell-strect.Adulterated - admixed with a considerable quantity of

chicory; ash, of a greyish-white colour.39t1a Sample.

Purchased-of Phillips and Co., 37 and 38, Aldersgate-street.Adulterated-with a considerable quantity of chicory>’ ash,

of a greyis7t-w7tite colour.40th Sample.

Purchased-of V. Smith, 53, Aldersgate-street.Genuine-ash, of a greyis7z-w7iite colour.

41st Sample.Purchased-of W. Rhodes, 77,’Aldersgate-street.Adulterated-containing chicory; ash, of a g2-eyis7i-white

colour.42nd Sample.

Purchased-of Lloyd, Hare, and Co., 141, Aldersgate-street.Adulterated-containing a considerable quantity of chicory;

ash, of a reddish-yellow colour.

43rd Sample.Purchased-of Betteridge and Co., 152, Upper Whitecross-

street.Adulterated-containing much chicory; ash, of a salmon

colour.44<A Sample.

Purchased-of A. Dutton, 84, Whitecross-street.Adulterated-this article consists almost entirely of chicory;

ash, of a reddish colour.

45th Sample.Purchased-of J. Peppercorn, 89, Whitecross-street.Adulterated-consisting almost entirely of chicory; ash, of a

greyisla white colour.greyish white 46th Sample.Purchased-of J. Thomas, 107, Whitecross-street.Adulterated-nearly one-half chicory ; ash, of a greyish-white

colour.47th Sample.

Purchased-of Weldon and Co., 111, Whitecross-street.Adulterated-with chicory; ash, of a reddish colour.

48th Sample.Purchased-of W. Earl, 128, Whitecross-street.Adulterated-containing chicory; ash, of a dirty-brown colour.

49th Sample.Purchased-of Stevenson and Co., 159, Whitecross-street.Adulterated-with a considerable quantity of chicory; ash, of

a pale-jawn colour.50th Sample.

Purchased-of W. Turner, 215, Whitecross-street.Adulterated-containing a considerable quantity of chicory;

ash, of a greyish-white colour.

51st Sample.Purchased-of N. Yarrow, 42, King-street, Snow-hill.Adulterated-Nearly one-half the article consists of chicory;

ash, of a fawn colour.52nd Sample.

Purchased-of Russell and Company, 72, High-street, Borough.Adulterated-containing much chicory; ash, of a light-brown

colour.53rd Sample.

Purchased-of Liquorish and Co., 50, Beech-street, Barbican.Adulterated-nearly one-half chicory; ash, of a reddish-brown

colour.

54th Sample.Purchased-of Roberts and Co., 31, Barbican.Adulterated-the greater portion of the article consisting of

chicory; ash, of a light-brown colour.

The conclusions to be deduced from the above analyses areas follow:-

1st. That out of the eighteen samples of chicory procuredfrom manufactories, five were adulterated with roasted wheat-flour.

2nd. That several of the samples yielded a coloured ash.3rd. That out of the sixteen samples of chicory purchased at

the establishments of different grocers in the metropolis, oneonly was adulterated with roasted farina.

4th. That the ashes of several of the samples were coloured.5th. That out of the twenty samples of coffee submitted to

examination, nineteen were adulterated with chicory. Thegenuine coffee was purchased of illr. Valentine Smith, of 53,Aldersgate-street.

6th. That several of the samples, on incineration, left acoloured residue.

____

The next Report of the Analytical Sanitary Commissionwill be on

ISINGLASS,AND ITS ADULTERATIONS.

, With reference to a portion of the Sanitary Report that

appeared in THE LANCET of last week, the following advertise-ment was published by the League Company in the Times ofThursday. We do not hesitate to give it a place in ourcolumns. Notwithstanding this advertisement, we insist thatour report is accurate.

" LEAGUE BREAD COMPANY.-The Directors of the Company,having seen in THE LANCET journal, of the 25th of Oct. inst., astatement to the effect that alum was contained in three

samples of their bread, think it due to themselves, their share-holders, and to the public, unequivocally to declare that it isentirely untrue. Ever since the commencement of their un-dertaking, the Directors have faithfully carried out the prin-ciples on which it was founded-viz., the manufacture andsale of Pure Unadulterated Bread.’ As the only means im-mediately within their power of refuting the calumny thuscast upon the Company, they subjoin a copy of a declarationsigned by the whole of the men employed in the manufactureof the Company’s bread, which is as follows:-" League Bread Company.-We, the several persons whose

names are hereunto subscribed, being the whole of the work-men now and for the last twelve months at least employed bythe League Bread Company, in the manufacture of theirbread, do severally, solemnly, and’ sincerely declare, thathaving read a statement in THE LANCET journal, published onthe 25th October, 1851, to the effect that alum was containedin three samples of the Company’s bread, we know suchstatement to be utterly false and unfounded, and we furtherseverally declare that during the time we have been in theCompany’s service, no alum or other deleterious ingredientwhatever has ever been used or employed in the manufactureof the Company’s bread, and that it is impossible that thesame could be so used or employed without the fact beingknown to us.’"The three agents, of whom the bread is stated to have

been purchased, have also signed a declaration that they havenever sold any bread but what has been delivered to them bythe Company, and expressing their belief that the statementin question is untrue.

" Applications have been personally addressed to threeseveral police magistrates to allow the above declarations tobe judicially made by the parties who attended for the purpose,but the magistrates, and afterwards a judge at chambers,decided that they had no power to permit them to be made." Head Offices, 7, St. John.street, Clerkenwell, Oct. 29, 1851."

TRUE BENEVOLENCE.-The Times of Tuesday lastcontained an advertisement, in which the committee for pro-moting the subscription for D. B., of Bedford, gratefullyacknowledged the receipt of &pound; 100 from an anonymous donor.We rejoice to record this noble act of philanthropy towards amost deserving and unfortunate member of our profession.