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Recovery and Transition: Building Resilient Community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Learning ObjectivesBy the end of this course, the participant should be able to:
Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster recovery and reconstruction
Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of health services and infrastructure
Discuss the opportunities for risk reduction and health systems capacity development during disaster recovery
Explain Community Disaster Resilience
Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Disaster RecoveryRecovery
“... focuses on how best to restore the capacity of the government and communities to rebuild and recover from crisis and to prevent relapses.
In so doing, recovery seeks not only to catalyze sustainable development activities, but also to build upon earlier humanitarian programs to ensure that their inputs become assets for development.”
(source: United Nations Development Program 2001)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
CommunityPeoplePropertyEnvironmentServicesLivelihood(Vulnerable)
Hazard RisksPeoplePropertyEnvironmentServicesLivelihood
Capacities usedTo manage Risks,(Damages, Losses Needs)
Recovery/Rehabilitation
Emergency
Disaster
Recovery Phase
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
What are the damages and lossesincurred in an earthquake disaster, the
needs, and the capacities utilized during the response operations that we need to
rebuild, recover for the better?
Exercise 1
Risks of Disaster Areas for recovery Needs for recovery Partners
Damages
Losses
Other capacities utilized
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Health Roles in Managing Risks Over Time
stagetime-frame
general needs health needs
immediatefirst 24 hours
search and rescueevacuation / shelterfoodwaterpublic information system
first aid
triage
primary medical care
transport / ambulances
acute medical and surgical care
emergency communication, logistics and reporting systems (including injury and disability registers)
short-term
end of first week
securityenergy (fuel, heating, light, etc.)environmental health services for:•vector control•personal hygiene•sanitation, waste disposal etc.
emergency epidemiological surveillance for Vector Born Disease, Vaccine Preventable Disease, Diseases of Epidemic Potential
control of disease of public health significance
control of acute intestinal and respiratory disease
care of the dead
general curative services
nutritional surveillance and support (including micronutrient supplementation)
measles vaccination and Vitamin A
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Health Roles in Managing Risksstage
time-frame
general needs health needs
medium term
end of first
month
protection (legal and physical)employmentpublic transportpublic communicationspsychosocial services
(re) establishment of the health information system
restoration of preventive health care services such as EPI, MCH, etc.
restoration of priority disease control programmes such as TB, malaria, etc.
restoration of services of non-communicable diseases / obstetrics
care of the disabled
long term end of 3 months
educationagricultureenvironmental protection
reconstruction and rehabilitation
specific training programmes
health information campaigns / health education programmes
disability and psychosocial care
conclusion compensation / reconstruction
evaluation of lessons learned
restitution / rehabilitation
revision of policies, guidelines, procedures and plans
prevention and preparedness
upgrade knowledge and skills, change attitudes
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
1. Saving Lives 2. Emergency Aid 3. Short term Intervention4.Emergency Funding 5. Providing for the Community. 6. Emergency (Relief) Aid. 7. Spontaneous Interventions 8. Consumption Subsidy 9. Politicization of Emergencies. 10. Short Time Frame used advantageously.
1. Saving Livelihoods2. Support to rehabilitation3. Longer term planning4. Combined Funding Proposals
5. Working with the community 6. Integration of Relief Aid & Developmental Support7. Appropriate Interventions8. Building of Assets 9. Political Competence 10. Strengthening of Coping Strategies 1. Building Livelihoods 2. Building Communities
3.Long Term Development 4. Developmental Funding5. Understanding the community 6. Developmental Support 7. Planned strategies. 8. Investment Subsidy9. Political Proficiency10. Sustainability
TRANSITION
RESPONSE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Recovery - from Response to Development
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
“Opportunities in disasters”
What are the opportunities in recovery and reconstruction that might be considered for long-term capacity
development?
Q & A
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Some opportunities for development (of health systems):
additional financial resources (national / international)
additional human resources (national / international)
lessons learned from experience, including gaps in health system
demonstration and opportunities for training needs
reconstruction but “build back better”
social pressure and political will to reduce risk and enhance capacity
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Warning Indicators(Flash Points)
WARNING PHASE
Months / Weeks / Hours
EMERGENCYPHASE
Days / Weeks
MitigationPreparedness
Search & Rescue
Emergency Relief
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Ongoing Development
Rapid / Detailed Assessment
SuddenImpact
Rehabilitation / Recovery
Many Months
TIME
ACTIVITY
12
34 5
Emergency Response and Recovery
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
From Response to Recovery and Reconstruction
If there is no clear cut boundary between responses and recovery
processes… this means:
Don’t wait, think ahead!
Build on the momentum of response to anticipate longer-term
recovery and reconstruction.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Medium-term Health Considerations for the
Recovery Process
Some key health effects from disasters:
contamination of food and water supplies,
emotional stress,
epidemic diseases - diarrhoea, measles, etc.
endemic diseases
reduced health levels
decline in nutritional status
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Long-term Health Considerations for the Recovery
ProcessPsychosocialConcurrent problem due to disaster: decrease in mental health services, increase in incidence of common mental health problems•Psycho physiological•Behavioral•Emotional•Cognitive
Emergency health care system addresses acute cases and initiate long-term plan for community- based psychological interventions.
Q & A
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
What is your concept about Resilience in the context of disaster management?
Resilience
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential structures and functions
ability to spring back from the impacts of disaster
Resilience
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Resilience of a community in respect to potential hazard events is determined by the degree to which the community has the necessary resources and is capable of organizing itself both to and during times of need
Q & A
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Can you share us your concept of a Disaster Resilient Community based on the definition given?
Differentiate Resilience from Capacity.
Resilient Community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
A resilient community has the capacity to:
absorb stress or destructive forces trough resistance or adaptation
manage or maintain certain basic functions and structures during disasters
recover or bounce back after and event
Resilience vs. Capacity
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Resilience is generally seen as a broader concept than capacity because it goes beyond the specific behavior, strategies and measures for risk reduction and management that are normally understood as capacities
though in everyday usage, capacity and coping capacity often mean the same as resilience
focus of resilience – what communities can do for themselves and how to strengthen their capacities rather than concentrating on their vulnerability to disaster or their needs in an emergency
Resilient Community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
“Disaster Resilient Community” is ideal that no community can ever be completely safe from natural and man-made hazards……!!!
Components of Resilient Community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
1. Governance
2. Risk Assessment
3. Knowledge and Education
4. Risk Management and Vulnerability Reduction
5. Disaster Preparedness and Response
1. Governance
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Policy, planning, priorities and political commitment Legal and regulatory systems Integration with development policies and planning Integration with emergency response and recovery Institutional mechanisms, capacities and structures; allocation of responsibilities Partnership Accountability
2. Risk Assessment
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Hazards/Risks data assessment Vulnerability and impact data assessment Scientific and technical capacities and innovation
3. Knowledge and Education Public awareness, knowledge and skills Information management sharing Education and training Cultures, attitudes, motivation Learning and research
4. Risk Management and Vulnerability Reduction
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Environment and natural resource management Health and well being Sustainable livelihoods Social protection Financial instruments Physical protection; structural and technical measures Planning regimes
5. Disaster Preparedness and Response
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Organizational capacities and coordination Early Warning Systems Preparedness and contingency planning Emergency resources and infrastructure Emergency response and recovery Participation, volunteerism, accountability
ADPC Indicators of a Minimum level of resilience
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
A community organization A DRR and disaster preparedness plan A community early warning system Trained manpower: risk assessment, search and rescue, medical first aid, relief distribution, masons for safer house construction, fire fighting Physical connectivity: roads, electricity, telephone, clinics Relational connectivity with local authorities, NGOs, etc. Knowledge of risks and risk reduction actions A community disaster reduction fund to implement risk reduction activities Safer sources of livelihood
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Learning ObjectivesBy the end of this course, the participant should be able to:
Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster recovery and reconstruction
Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of health services and infrastructure
Discuss the opportunities for risk reduction and health systems capacity development during disaster recovery
Explain Community Disaster Resilience
Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Thank You