RECREATION, WELLNESS INDUSTRY AND NICHE TOURISM · 2020-02-10 · Recreative & Wellness Industry...

I n t e r n a t i o n a l Scientific J ou r nal

RECREATION, WELLNESS INDUSTRY

AND NICHE TOURISM

Online

edition

2019

Vol. 1

Issue 2

Sofia, 2019 (July-December)

eISSN: 2603-4921 (online)

Vol.1, Issue 2

EDITOR IN CHIEF:

Prof. Bistra Dimitrova, D.Sc

(Bulgaria)

INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD:

Scientific Reviewers:

Acad. Prof. Atanas Atanasov, D.Sc. (Bulgaria)

Prof. Rumiana Tsenkova, D.Sc. (Japan)

Prof. Ignat Ignatov, D.Sc. (Switzerland)

Prof. D-r Jivka Vinarova, D.Sc. (Bulgaria)

Prof. Nikolay Izov, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Prof. Svilen Neykov, D.Sc. (Bulgaria)

Prof. Olia Harizanova, D.Sc. (Bulgaria)

Prof. Terry Stevens, Ph.D (England)

Prof. Heinrih Wallner, Ph.D (Austria)

Prof. Vlatko Stjepovic, Ph.D (Montenegro)

Prof. Pedja Filipovic, Ph.D (Serbia)

Prof. Adam Ruszinko, Ph.D (Hungry)

Prof. D-r Amr Sharif, Ph.D (Bahrain)

Prof. D-r Muhammed Alhair, Ph.D (Turkey)

Prof. Eng. Mincho Polimenov, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Prof. Petko Todorov, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Prof. Irina Nesheva, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Prof. Vessela Treneva, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Prof. Jordan Jordanov, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Prof. Yuri Valev, Ph.D (Bulgaria) Prof. Gueorgui Chernev, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Business Reviewers:

D-r Kemal Aydin (World Healthy Aging Council)

D-r Maryi Hanan, Ph.D (Health Center, England)

D-r Dimitar Ivanov Ph.D (BCHWST)

Elena Bogacheva, Ph.D (Int. Wellness&Spa Council)

Andrey Kostur, Ph.D (Wellness Institute, Slovenia)

Aljosha Nedev, Ph.D (Wellness Institute, Macedonia)

Dimitar Trendafilov, PhD (Aqua practices, Bulgaria)

Leyla Dimitrova, PhD (NSA “V. Levski”, Bulgaria)

Yanitsa Tsareva, PhD (Wellness Institute, Bulgaria)

Vessela Ivanova, PhD (Inter. SPA Managers Club)

Lilia Doncheva, PhD (Wellness Institute, Bulgaria)

Vassil Petrov (Heltos, Ltd; Bulgaria)

Ivan Kostov (EMIC, Bulgaria)

Ivan Marazov (City Tour, Bulgaria)

Vesselina Jelyazkova (Wellness Institute, Kauai)

Konstantin Konstantinov (Global Water health)

Arja Koli (Regional VET Center, Finland)

Sirje Ellermaa (Regional VET Center, Estonia)

Ardit Dimo (Wellness Institute, Albania)

Ionescu Dragos Petre, (Wellness Institute, Romania)

Lotfi Khelifi (Tourism Journal, Tunisia)

Maria Ivanova (World Healthy Aging Cluster)

Eleonore Tchakarova (TwinsofMiami,USA)

Verginie Tchakarova (Healthy Aging, USA)

Disclaimer

The content of this Scientific Journal is for general information purposes only and has

been obtained from many sources, professional organizations, manufacturers’

literature and codes. The author and publisher have made every reasonable effort to

ensure that this work is accurate and current, but do not warrant, and assume no

liability for, the accuracy or completeness of the text or illustrations. It is the

responsibility of the authors of this Scientific Journal to apply their professional

knowledge to the content, to consult sources referenced, as appropriate, and to consult

professionals for expert advice.

TOPICS:

Recreative science and natural products

Recreative physical activity

Innovative programs and practices

Adapted physical activity and sport

Healthy aging practices

Smart models for Aqua practices

Smart models for healthy life style

Aquaphotomics and Recreology

Water influences for Well-being

Bogy-Mind psychological balance and practices

Wellness Foods&Drinks

Innovations in Niche tourism services

Education & Research for new jobs

Social innovations

Advanced Science News

All rights reserved®

No part of this Scientific Journal may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the

publisher and/or the European Union and/or the Balkan Cluster for Health, Wellness & Spa Tourism

Recreative & Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism

2019 / 2

International Scientific Journal for Smart Innovations ISSN: 2603-4921, Issue 2, 2019

4

VOL. 1 - ISSUE 2 – 2019: TABLE OF CONTENT

Nikolay Izov

Rector of the National Sports Academy “V. Levski”

Congratulation letter…………………………………………………………………………………………..6

Bistra Dimitrova

WELVET survey on status of EU health and wellness tourism……………….…………7

Yuri Valev, Ruzha Nedkova-Ivanova, Vasil Dimitrov

Research on psychophysical training of rider in discipline endurance of

equestrian sport……………………………………….………………………………………………………17

Mincho Polimenov

Transfer of innovation in the service technology for increasing the restaurant quality product ……….…………………………………………………………………………………..…..29

Irina Nesheva,

Organization model for project work with PhD and undergraduate

students……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..36

Vessela Ivanova

Influence of gymnastic exercises in the water environment………………………………..41

Stoyan Bahchevanski

Specialised staff training systems for sailing tourism………………………………………..50

Asia Stoycheva

Body profile specificities for advanced artistic swimmers………………………56

Ivelina Dimitrova

Sauna combined with exercises for the prevention and treatment of incorrect

posture……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..63

Mariana Albert

State of health survey of medical specialists practicing massage…………...................71

Lyubov-Mileni Petrova

Chronic fatigue syndrome – economic impact……………………………...............................79

New books……………………………………………………………………………………………………….85


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DEAR ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL RESEARCHERS & GUESTS,

DEAR YOUNG RESEARCHERS, POST GRADUATE STUDENTS,

PARTNERS AND LEADING PRACTITIONERS,

This edition of the scientific journal for Smart Innovations in the Recreation & Wellness

industry and Niche tourism is the second edition of 2019. An online platform is available to

enable the submission and publication of scientific materials to young researchers, PhD

students, practitioners, and leading researchers from national and international networks for

educational and scientific exchange in

the thematic priority of the European

Commission - "Creative and

Recreational Industry". On behalf of

the Editorial Board, it is our pleasure to

welcome you to this second issue for

2019 of this Online Science Platform.

Our priority is the scientific publications

of young researchers and PhD students.

We believe that their scientific results

will contribute to building a knowledge-

based economy that delivers inclusive

smart growth. We are convinced that

they will be the future scientific leaders.

This online platform is available to enable

presentations of new books, monographs

and publications of scientific papers or

articles of young researchers, graduate students, practitioners and leading scientists from

national and international level. In this second issue we present the “Research impact of

scientific publications in indexed journals by the national sports academy scientific team in

Heritage BG Center of Excellence”. On behalf of the academic staff from the Program Council and

the students of the Master and PhD programs in Wellness & SPA culture at the National Sports

Academy “V. Levski”, we are pleased to welcome you on this Science online Smart Platform.

Reviewers of the Journal are experts from all around the world: Bulgaria, Great Britain, USA,

Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey, Romania, Slovenia, Hungry, Austria, Russia, Albania, Macedonia,

Finland, Estonia, Greece, Bahrein, Tunisia. We welcome our partners from Global Wellness

Institute, International Wellness & Spa Council (Russia), Balkan Cluster for Health, Wellness & SPA

Tourism, Medical SPA Association of Montenegro, Researchers from Bulgarian and Foreign

Universities, Scientific Wellness Institutes, Representatives of Bulgarian Ministries and

Municipalities, NGOs, Owners of Wellness & Spa Resorts, heads of international and Balkan

Agencies and organizations, Entrepreneurs in the Recreation Industry and Business - all of

them support and participate in this new international scientific electronic platform.

RECTOR O F NATIONAL SPORTS ACADEMY “V. LEVSKI”:

Prof. Nikolay Izov, PhD


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WELVET SURVEY ON STATUS OF

EU HEALTH AND WELLNESS TOURISM

Dimitrova, Bistra

Assoc. professor, D.Sc., National Sports Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria

Keywords: Desk research, Niche tourism, professional competences,

innovative smart model, new job positions, Erasmus+ WELVET project.

INTRODUCTION

Here we report the content of the desk research of the Erasmus+

WELVET project created the new job position for the Niche tourism – the

“Wellness Instructor”. We realize a series of scientific publications and

presentations for the New smart model on global touristic events as:

World Healthy Aging Council in Istanbul, Turkey (2018); HESTOUREX in

Antalya, Turkey (2019); Balkan Summit for Health, Wellness and Spa

tourism in Budva, Montenegro (2019); IRIGMOYGRAD - Transborder EU

cooperation, Novi Sad, Serbia.

The international scientific forums: World Water Conference

(2018); Int. Congress for Applied sport science (2019) and the Journals:

Trakya Journal of Science (Web of science); Research in Kinesiology

(ODIJ), SportMont (Scopus) and Scientific Journal for Smart Innovation in

the Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism (Nesheva, 2018; Polimenov,

2019).

Different aspects of the Wellness culture are subject of the

scientific papers of young researchers on the Balkans (Tichinov et al.,

1987; Tishinov et al., 2012; Treneva, 2013; Trendafilov et al., 2013;

Albert et al., 2014; Valev, 2015; Varbanov et al., 2015; Albert et al., 2017;

Nesheva, 2018; Stoycheva et al., 2019).

Our scientific interest was to disseminate the obtained results by

the team of project partners (7 organizations) and analyse the finding in

support of the Wellness culture level and presence of specific

educational programs of training courses in Austria, Bulgaria, Great

Britain, Estonia and Macedonia and intellectual products edited in 5

European languages.


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METHODS

The study has been taken by 411 people (53 owners or managers of

Wellness & SPA centers, scholars, Bachelor on Sport, Doctoral students

and master’s degree graduates in wellness, spa and Thalasso culture)

from all WELVET partners countries, aged 17-56. There were 202 men

and 209 women in the study. The median age of the participants in the

study was 36,5. For the study, the targeted group we divided into age

segments instead of educational classes, practical experience (less than

three years, from four to seven years, and above eight years). The

content of the target’s groups is: CEO, manager, operational employee /

therapist and non-graduates in the wellness and spa area. Each partner

country was responsible for the correct application of the research

methodology, conform with the EU scientific standards. All respondents

were signed agreement declarations for the data of the study to be

published. Within the project period 2016-2018 this desk research was

conducted starting in March to June 2018. The respondents' opinions we

measure with an adaptive version of the questionnaire for studying

through the usage of smart tools of google drive. For accomplishing the

goal of the study, we used: a test for the psychometric grade. The

expectation for the content and design of the specific needs by country

partner was studied. All intellectual products created by the WELVET

project collaboration are focused to assist the staff at the Wellness

centres in the EU Niche tourism and to work as an instrument for

certification of the acquired specific professional competencies. The

overall goal of the project study was to establish the existing level of

Wellness culture in each partner country by defining the importance of

the studied indicators and create the full certifying intellectual

instruments for the new job position – “Wellness Instructor”. The

specific goal of this publication is to present the non-publishing results

and analysis for the actual status and advantages in Austrian Wellness

culture, also the need of specialized staff for the Niche tourism.

RESULTS

The Wellness culture and the health tourism in Austria, as a new

concept for a healthy lifestyle was established in the same time as in

Europe around 1990 (Stiglitz et al., 2009). The field was taken up by the


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hotel industry and the health resorts in Austria, Switzerland and

Germany (Aked et al., 2008). Health proves to be a strong holiday motive

and was discovered as a potential interest and new market share. Many

people want to "do something for health" when they go on holiday

(Dimitrova, 2011; Allin et al., 2012). The origin of the change in leisure

activities is mainly caused by industrialisation, which led to the

separation of the place of work and place of residence as well as the

organisation of the day in working time and non-working time

(Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, 2014). In the beginning, because

of the massive production, non-working time was almost entirely related

to sleeping and eating (Polimenov, 2016; Dimitrova, 2014). But in the

second half of the nineteenth century there was a reduction in working

hours due to trade unions and the positive influence of social legislation

(Cameron, 2010). Instead of leisure time only being a restoration in

terms of workability, new meaningful design possibilities were created.

Needs for spiritual balance, inner peace, time for oneself, and time for

wellbeing and health are important in this context. This change in

thinking creates a growing market in wellness and similar sectors

(Hofmann et al., 2011).

Wellness is characterised by an understanding that health is

improvable and as a state of complete wellbeing (Dimitrova, 2018;

2018.a). The origin of the word wellness extends back to the year 1654.

Sir A. Johnson used the word “wealnesse” at that time to describe the

state of wellbeing or good health. In 1959 the American social medical

doctor Halbert L. Dunn developed the term “wellness” from the word

wellbeing and fitness; it aims at physical comfort, fun and good physical

condition. In the 1970s the wellness pioneers John Travis and Donald B.

Ardell developed new holistic wellness models on behalf of the US

government. These aim at prevention and self-responsibility of everyone

for his or her health. In doing so, the individual way of life, behavioural

patterns, inner attitudes, beliefs, motives, emotions and mostly

unconscious lifestyle concepts are influenced. A new idea emerged as a

result: Illnesses should no longer arise by preventing them due to a

conscious way of life (Kalkowski et al., 2011).


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Health tourism as a sub-segment of tourism is the generic term for

a touristic stay, with the aim of maintaining, stabilizing and restoring

health, and a focus on health services. Regarding health, this covers

different physical or psychic sub-areas, e.g. medical check-ups, beauty,

losing weight, fitness and nutrition. The main motives of health tourists

are "recovery and relaxation" (87%), "doing something for health and

body" (74%) and "to enjoy" (60%). In principle, a health holiday is spent

in summer rather than in winter. One must be cautious about the

different types of holidays that are subsumed under the health aspect.

Health holiday, wellness holiday, fitness holiday etc. can refer to similar,

but also to differing concepts. For example, the wellness holiday entails

rather experience like enjoyment, fun and pleasure, and thus pursues a

different, rather holistic understanding of the concept of health, which

implicates more than a state beyond illness Sachs et al., 2016). Wellness

is becoming an active health strategy, which helps the individual to make

his life healthy and productive through scientifically assured measures,

thus leading a satisfied life. The travel motivation of wellness tourists is

characterised by "be pampered", "relaxing", "enjoying", and "refuelling"

(Sachs, 2015). These holidaymakers use indoor swimming pools and

wellness and beauty services. Regarding the accommodation styles,

preference is given to hotels and pensions. It should be noted that other

holidaymakers also specify motives that relate to health and wellness.

These include, for example, hiking holidaymakers and sports and active

holidaymakers. However, in these groups, the holiday motives are

largely excluded from the health and wellness area (Kohl & Partner,

2009).

As mentioned above, health tourism can take various forms. In the

course of a categorical distinction, the following areas can be

distinguished (Nahrstedt, 2008).

The new concept for Wellness culture or applying healthy lifestyle is

the focus on holistic wellbeing. Meanwhile, the concept is broadened to

include relaxation, recreation and beauty. In general, the term wellness

is not standardised, as there is currently a room for interpretation in the

assignment. Hotels listed in this segment are usually 4* or 5*

establishments, which are listed in the Relax Guide in the category


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“Wellness”. In order to be included in the Relax Guide, specific standards

have to be met, which are developed on the basis of existing businesses.

The location and, of course, the wellbeing services play a decisive role.

The field of the Austrian thermal spas have not yet been defined in

legal terms. There are therefore no established criteria for classifying a

thermal spa. However, most of the thermal spas have at least thermal

water. Thermal water has additional ingredients in comparison to

normal water, which are absorbed through the skin are used to ease

pain and reduce suffering (e.g. muscular tension, skin problems,

cardiovascular disorders, rheumatism, diseases of the musculoskeletal

system). Thermal establishments include both thermal spas and thermal

hotels. Thermal hotels are those which are directly connected to a

thermal spa or which are operated by the thermal spa. In Austria there

are currently 41 thermal spas and 140 hotels which can be classified in

the thermal segment.

The field of the Austrian alpine wellness can be defined by four

pillars:

Alpine character: proximity to nature, idyllic location, use of

regional products;

Alpine pampering: cosmetics, relaxation and culinary

delights. The naturalness and purity of the products is

essential;

Alpine fitness: fitness, exercise and fitness check-ups;

Alpine health: The forces of nature as a medical healing

method.

In addition, a demanded altitude of 1.500 to 2.500 metres must be

reached to offer those four pillars in full extend. These criteria restrict

alpine wellness to the western regions of the country. Due to these

prerequisite criteria the growth of alpine wellness is limited. In the

western federal states, it is however an integral part of tourism.

The field of the Austrian Medical wellness is to be understood as an

increase and deepening of wellness and pre-stage of a medically

prescribed treatment. The focus is on offers regarding nutrition,

relaxation, exercising, and health education. Motives to take advantage


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of medical wellness are therefore prevention, health promotion, healing

and the increase of wellbeing. Most of the services offered in health

tourism focus on the topic nutrition and fasting. Medical wellness is

gaining in importance, as a result of which the development from

general wellness to goal-oriented medical treatments is visible.

The field of the Austrian segment of minimally invasive, aesthetic

medical tourism is characterised by preparative treatments, anti-aging

and aesthetic/minimally invasive procedures. This is an area that has so

far been little captured but has the potential to grow in the coming

years, 55% of the summer guests and 48% of the winter guests in Austria

can be assigned to the wellness segment. On average, the daily expenses

are 133 €. This is about 18% higher than the average. Over half of the

wellness tourists stay at for four to seven days, while only 22% of

holidaymakers stay only up to three days. Austrian tourism has achieved

a remarkable position in international competition. Strengthening the

markets in the EU Member States and the non-European countries could

further increase the growth rates of Austrian tourism (Tinkler et al.,

2011). About tourism growth and employment opportunities winter

sports and short vacations with wellness components offer important

hopes in addition to cultural and urban tourism. However, the

importance of health tourism in Austria must also be seen in the light of

the fact that in comparison to other countries tourism in Austria is of

great overall importance (Ziegler, 2011). In summary, the situation is

cautiously optimistic. The high demand and the stability compared to

other touristic areas offer a very solid foundation for further

development of the health tourism industry. A close cooperation

between policy, social insurance, private health insurance, municipalities

and facilities is a success factor. Mutual learning effects between

healthcare and tourism could be triggered and may lead to higher value,

improved customer and patient services, and sustained growth in the

industry (Ziegler, 2011).

DISCUSSION

The profession of the wellness trainer or wellness instructor is

characterised by the fact that there are many further names for this

profession (e.g. personal wellness trainer, fitness trainer, health trainer,


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wellness coach). The professional title “trainer” is not regulated in

Austria. Anyone can call himself/herself a trainer, no matter if he/she

has a license or not. A completed education is of course recommended

for own quality assurance measures. Trainers do not need a trade

licence and often rely on a work contract. The fact that someone uses

the professional title “trainer” does not state which professional

qualification is necessary for the specific activity pursued. For the

independent exercise of individual consulting and support activities in

the field of personality development (e.g. “personality training”) the

respective trade licence for life and social counselling will be necessary.

Wellness trainers have the task to show their clients how to find a

harmony of body, mind and soul. They teach their students about proper

nutrition, relaxation and exercising. They perform the exercises

themselves, supervise the training, initiate activities for relaxation and

encourage the clients to join in leisure activities that promote physical

and psychological well being. Regarding the prerequisites, there has to

be stated that there is no regular organised training. In order to be able

to specialise in a field, a basic training is beneficial (e.g. in sports,

tourism, health, psychology) (Nahrstedt, 2008). Relevant knowledge can

also be acquired through short training courses. Personal requirements

for this profession are:

· Joy of working with people

· Joy of movement

· Social competence

· Contact and communication skills

· Positive and health-conscious life setting

· Physical resilience and endurance

· Didactic skills

· Organisational talent

· Responsibility

The requirements for a “good” employee, colleague and service

provider are implicit notions of professionalism. A study in the German-

speaking region on this topic focused on the attitude of managers,

practitioners and customers in the wellness sector. Owners and

managers often formulate extensive and diverse requirements for


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employees like the ability to interact, flexibility and team player

qualities. Employees themselves concentrate on collegiality and personal

qualities, while customers place the emphasis on empathy and

willingness to communicate in addition to professional knowledge and

personal qualities. In general, an everyday understanding of professional

work, namely the understanding of the individual case and the

successful interaction with the customer, can be determined. It is

noticeable that especially customers interpret professionalism as manual

know-how. Regarding this point, there is a divergence between

customer requirements and the perception by employees. While the

customers demanded manual skills, the employees interpret the

technical requirements as the need for extensive knowledge acquisition

and the need to keep up to date. Both aspects in principle result in a

high level of further training.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, based on the conducted research, the following

implications can be drawn:

1. On a European level, the recreation industry and in

particular the Niche tourism have a crucial need of well-

trained specialized staff;

2. In Austria and on the Balkans, in order to acquire a

manager position in the Niche tourism, a person needs

interdisciplinary knowledge and skills combined with the

application of wellness culture;

3. Austria has proven to have the potential to be a European

leader in the sector of Recreation industry and Niche

tourism;

4. Europe adopts high standards and criteria for the quality

of services and the professional competencies for

specialized staff in the niche tourism.

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19. Trendafilov, D.& Dimitrova, B. (2013). Aqua Spinning as anti-stress health prevention. Journal Sport Montenegro, 2013, No 37-39 / XI, р. 454-460. ISSN:1451-7485 (9771-4517-48001).

20. Treneva, V. (2013). Selektsiya v sporta kanu-kayak. (In Bulgarian). Ed. NSA Press. [Селекция в спорта кану-каяк. Изд. НСА Прес].

21. Valev, Y. (2015). Kontrol i otsenka na sportnata podgotovka v konniya sport. Monografiya. C, ISBN 978-954-718-402-2 С, Ed. NSA “V. Levski”, Sofia, p.14. (In Bulgarian). [Вълев, Ю. (2015). Контрол и оценка на спортната подготовка в конния спорт, Монография. ISBN 978-954-718-402-2 С, НСА „В. Левски“, София, c. 14].

22. Varbanov, I., Tishinov, O., Zsheliaskova-Koynova, Z. (2015). Study of anticipation in handball through interactive test. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 3(3): 27-34, 2015 DOI: 10.13189/ saj.2015.030301 http://www.hrpub.org

23. Ziegler, S. (2011). Qualitätsmanagement im Wellness- und Gesundheitstourismus. Das Gut Gesundheit im Wandel der Zeit. Diplomica: Hamburg, p. 66.

CONTACTS:

Bistra Dimitrova, D.Sc. National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Faculty of public health, health care and tourism, Depart. Aquatic sports, Studentski grad 1700, Sofia, Bulgaria Private: Sofia 1415, 46 Nartsis street E-mail: [email protected] Mobile/Viber: (+359) 888 518319

https://scjournalbg.globalwaterhealth.org/parvi-broi/

http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/index.html

http://www.hrpub.org/

mailto:[email protected]


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RESEARCH ON PSYCHOPHYSICAL TRAINING OF RIDER IN DISCIPLINE

ENDURANCE OF EQUESTRIAN SPORT

Valev, Yuri and Ruzha Nedkova-Ivanova, Vasil Dimitrov

Assoc. professor, PhD, Vice Dean, Faculty of Sport, National Sports Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria

Key Words: research, riders, psychophysical training, endurance,

equestrian sport, extreme situation

INTRODUCTION

The mental training of each athlete is directly related to his physical

training, based on sport training, physical endurance, physical exercise,

and more.

Sports training as a system consists of the following physical, technical,

tactical and psychological components. These aspects of preparation are

linked in unity - the personality of the athlete.

The realization, the sporting result shown during the competition is a

product of the integral expression of the personality. In this sense,

preparedness is an integral feature of an athlete's personality. (Iancheva

T., 2006)

In equestrian sport, their connectivity is crucial to the good outcome of

each workout or race. That is why it is important to trace at a specific

moment how they interact with one another and what influence they

have on the equestrian competitor. The topic is up to date given that

little research has been done in this respect and the discipline Endurance

in Equestrian Sports is gaining increasing popularity and in Bulgaria for

10 years there are high sporting results without paying particular

attention to the ways and methods to achieve this.

Mental training is a pedagogical process for improving the mental

processes, qualities and personality traits in order to increase efficiency

and improve health. That is, mental training is a pedagogical process to


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form a mental readiness. The goal of psychic training is to form a mental

preparedness for actions in extreme situations (Tishinov et al., 1987;

Kaikov D., 1998).

In the case of the high sporting skill in the realization of the top sporting

achievements, the expression of individuality, creativity, uniqueness of

the particular competitor is essential. And the unpredictability of the

outcome of the race is one of the essential characteristics of the sport.

(Iancheva T., 2004)

According to Iancheva (2004) "there may be different types of external

factors - uncontrollable natural phenomena, pavement, unforeseen

dangers, audience behavior, judges, coaches, unusual lighting and many

others. These factors cause individual, subjective, ambiguous

experiences in the athlete and have a different impact on competitive

behavior and realization. As a result, the impacts of the environment are

objectively subjective in nature, bringing to the fore the role of mental

factors in managing sports training. "

D. Kaikov (1998) divides the mental readiness into general and

specialized. The general is formed when mental training is conducted in

the process of sporting activity systematically and for a long time, while

the psychological training is directed to the formation of mental

phenomena necessary for a certain activity and type of sport.

Stable psychophysical readiness is built up of two mutually beneficial

states - mental and physical.

According to Dimitrova (2002; 2010), an important indicator of "...

customizing the pedagogical process is the building of intellectual and

practical skills in the training process, which are the basis for the

formation of social relations in the future professional realization of

specialized personnel ...". The most effective is "... the situational

pedagogical approach that allows work at educational levels of

preparation in the process of training or training ..." because it is not

influenced by the used technique or means in the lesson (Dimitrova,

2002a, 2006).


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In today's European living conditions there is a strong need for healthy

sport (Nesheva, 2007).

According to D. Kaikov (1980), in order to regulate mental activity, it is

necessary to optimize the situational psychological readiness and the

adaptation of the person (internal self-adjustment and external attitude

of the organism), because it is by the situational psychological readiness

to judge the reliability of the person in extreme situations (Kaikov, D.,

1998).

An important role for the condition and healthy life style have motor

activity, relaxation and recreation(Nesheva, I., D. Fenerova, 2012).

According to R. Hristov (2009), good psychological training of the

athletes is essential in order to fulfill the tactical tasks successfully

(Hristov, R., Kolev, I., Krumov, Io, 2009).

Since 2000, leading sports experts have indicated that "... the process of

building motor skills requires the development of a system for the

control of specialized motor skills ...", not only by type of sport but also

by type of competitive discipline in the respective sport (Dimitrova,

2000; 2001; Varbanov et al., 2015).

Stress and anxiety in sport are one of the key factors for sporting

achievement. Methods for measuring anxiety in sport are through

physiological measurements, biochemical investigations and

questionnaires (surveys).

The Healthy Lifestyle Industry "... seeks new forms of recreational motor

activity ..." among which equestrian sport, due to the increased interest

of consumers (Dimitrova, B. et al., 2018)

The most popular tools for measuring anxiety are different

questionnaires because of their convenience, quick application and easy

calculation of results. (Domuschieva - Rogleva, G., 2009).

In the last five years, aqua practices have become the most practiced

recreational recreational activity, as "... aquaspinning is the most sought

after service because of the modeling effect on the trainee figure ..."


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(Trendafilov, et al., 2013). Physical readiness includes physical (motor)

qualities - strength, endurance, speed, flexibility and agility. Speaking of

psychophysical training of the rider in Endurance, the components of

physical and mental training should be named - Fig. 1 (Fisher et al.,

2016):

Fig. 1 The components of physical and mental training

All these qualities for the rider's psychic training further construct a

positive self-esteem, positive behavior, positive expectations, good

behavior, and performance (Fisher et al., 2016). On the other hand,

control over the internal and external environment could have a

beneficial effect on anxiety, stress or tension that may arise in an

extreme situation such as a competition (Fisher et al., 2016).

METHODS

The presented results of the research on psychophysical training of the

rider in the endurance discipline in equestrian sport aim to show the

connection between the extreme situation the competitors are

subjected to, their experience as riders, their age, gender and their

psychophysical preparation at the time of the race, and how these

interrelated factors influence the final outcome of the race.

Responsibility Confidence

Physical training

Strength Speed

Balance

Flexibility

Coordination

Endurance

Concentration Control

Mental training


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In the long-distance endurance discipline of 60 km upwards in one day,

competitors are subjected to a test of their physical training rather than

physical. This is because the conditions under which a competition will

take place and the assistance of the horse in a different environment are

not clear. Riders are faced with new situations and their psyche is crucial

to the outcome of the race.

To conduct the survey, a survey was conducted among equestrian

competitors in the endurance discipline that took part in an

international competition at distances of 90 km and 130 km in one day.

This discipline in equestrian sport is relatively young in Bulgaria, with

only 10 years of history, but it deserves attention due to the interesting

way of conducting and testing the competitors. The endurance feature is

generally characterized as cross-country riding on a clearly defined

route, which respects certain rules and conditions. There are different

categories in the discipline, according to which different distances,

varying mainly from 30 to 160 km per day, are traveled, and there are

also many-day competitions (Valev, Y., Nedkova-Ivanova, R. 2018). In

this type of sport, the connection between the horse and the rider is

essential. It should not be forgotten that they represent a complex,

dynamic, determined system (Valev, U., 2013) and in order to achieve

harmony between the two systems - rider and horse, it must remain

such. When this system acquires a stochastic character, it means that

the harmony between the systems is impaired, the preparation is not

enough or there is another influencing factor. Riders in this discipline are

subject to several extreme situations:

1. The results of the work depend not only on them but also on the

horses;

2. Competitions are held on different terrains, often unfamiliar, with

varying climatic conditions;

The competition was held in Shumen / Bulgaria on 18-20.05.2018, with a

total of 34 horse and rider racing pairs. A total of 16 participants of

different age, gender and experience were interviewed. It should be

noted that climatic conditions were severe after torrential rains days

before the race, which put the participants to an additional test and put


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them in an extreme situation. The questionnaire contains questions

about the general mental and physical state of the rider and his horse,

and in this case only the results of the players' answers to their condition

are submitted (Table. 1).

Table. 1. Questionnaire about the condition of rider and horse during a competition in the Endurance discipline

Q U E S T I O N N A I R E about the condition of rider and horse during a competition in the Endurance discipline

Event Type / Distance: …………..…………….............. Date:……………………………………………………... Place:………………………………………………….… Rider name:…………………………………………….. Club:……………………………………………………..….. Age of the rider:………………………………………..…... Number of years of rider's sports practice:………………. Horse name:………………………………………………… Age of the horse:……………………………………………. What is the horse: a. castrate □ b. mare □ с. stallion □ Result:

I. Questions about the condition of the rider: 1. What physical state did you start? Please describe how you felt: ……………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Did you have any worries at the start? Please describe your mental state: ……………………………………………………………………………………. 3. How did you feel at the first lap: ……………………………………………………………………………………. 4. When did you feel fatigue: ……………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Did you lead the horse during the stages and what distance: ……………………………………………………………………………………. 6. Did you eat or drink water on the breaks between the stages: …………………………………………………………………………………… 7. What was your feeling after the final: …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. Would you change something in your original race strategy or are happy with the show: …………………………………………………………………………………….

II. Questions about the condition of the horse 1. What was the condition of the horse in the morning before the race: ……………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Had he eaten his ration from the evening: ……………………………………………………………………………………. 3. He eats his ration in the morning before the race: ………………………………………………………………………………......... 4. Had he drank water: ……………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Was he nervous at the start: ……………………………………………………………………………………. 6. How the horse walks and behaves on the first lap: ……………………………………………………………………………………. 7. Features that you noticed in the horse's condition during the stages: …………………………………………………………………………………….


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8. How fresh the horse ended (from 1 to 10). If desired, please describe in detail: ……………………………………………………………………………………. 9. How were the interim reviews (metabolic indicators, gait): ……………………………………………………………………………………. 10. How did the horse present the final review (metabolic indicators, gait): ……………………………………………………………………………………. 11. Какво беше състоянието на коня ден след състезанието: ……………………………………………………………………………………. 12. Which will be the next distance you will participate in and when: …………………………………………………………………………………….

RESULTS

The age of the participants in the survey is between 14 and 52 years and

their exact ratio can be traced to Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. Percentage distribution of participants by age

Four women and twelve men participated in the survey, as is clear from

Figure 3.

Fig. 3. Gender of participants

13%

13%

44%

30%

Age limits of the riders

14-20 г.

20-26 г.

31-45 г.

46-52 г.

123456789

10111213141516

male female

Gender

male

female


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Table. 2. The tabular presentation of the results appears in the following way as described in

No of

the

rider

Age gender

Experience as a

rider in the

discipline

(years)

Physical

condition

before start

Mental state

Result in

different

categories

1 14 female 2 good tense Eliminated

2 17 male 3 good worried 2nd place

3 25 male 5 good worried 3rd place

4 25 male 5 sleepy worried 1st place

5 31 male 6 good calm 9th place

6 37 female 7 good worried 3rd place

7 38 female 5 good worried 5th place

8 40 female 4 good tense 4th place

9 42 male 3 good worried Eliminated

10 45 male 4 good tense, concentrated 7th place

11 45 male 5 good tense 10th place

12 49 male 9 good calm 5th place

13 49 male 9 good worried 1st place

14 50 male 8 good worried 8th place



The bad and rainy weather before the race had an impact on the

riders' responses and 94% of them were tense and disturbed by the

pitch and performance of their horses in these conditions. Only one of

them was calm at the start, which may be due to several factors - rider

experience, horse experience, personal qualities or others. By contrast,

the physical condition of everyone was good and was not affected by the

momentary extreme situation. This conclusion can also be made when

answering the question "When did you feel fatigue?" Half of the

competitors did not feel any fatigue and malaise, and the others felt

tired only at the end of the race. Fatigue at the end of the race can be

influenced not only directly by the rider but also by the horse's physical

condition at this stage. When the horse is tired, it requires even greater

physical effort on the part of the rider, but that does not mean that he is

not physically well prepared. It is the riders who have noted that they

have experienced fatigue at the end of the race have also noted a

horse's crisis condition at this stage. Two riders have indicated in the poll

that they have driven the horse along the track within 200 to 500 m, but

have also shown that they have not felt fatigue at any stage of the race.


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The contestants have emphasized water consumption rather than food,

four of whom have consumed food because of the condition that they

do not fall below 70 kg, along with the equipment, throughout the race

as they were at the limit weight. The gender of the contestants in this

case is not reflected in the final results, and the age indicates rather the

years of experience rather than specifically affecting the answers. The

final results show that of 16 respondents, only two pairs of horse and

rider were eliminated, indicating the overall good psychophysical

training of the athletes (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4. Carry out a veterinary inspection to determine the horse's health and decide

whether it can continue in the competition or will be eliminated

The results of the distance classification of 120 km. show that the winner

Nikolay Nikolov has traveled the distance to 7:24:28 with an average

speed of 16,714 km / h.

Second-placed Desislava Aleksandrova has a 7:24:35 am performance at

an average speed of 16,709 km / h.

Third-placed Catina Lutova scores 7:31:01 hours at an average speed of

16,471 km / h. From these results, we can conclude that they are very

close in value. The difference in the result between the first and the

second in the ranking is only 8 hundredths of a second, which at such a

long distance of 120 km. We can conclude that their preparation has

been extremely flattened.


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DISCUSSION

Yordan Yankov's results are 9:57:03 with an average speed of 12,442 km

/ h and Jordan Ivanov 9:57:07 with an average speed of 12,441 km / h.

Here we can draw the same conclusion that the trend is retained and the

results that the contestants have shown are very close in value. The

results of the 90 km distance classification. show that the winner Cora

Promberger has traveled to 5:48:56 hours at an average speed of 15,902

km / h. Second-placed Barbara Promberger scores 5:48:57 at an average

speed of 15,901 km / h. And at the distance of 90 km. the trend is

retained and the results that competitors have shown are very close in

value. The difference in the result between the first and the second in

the ranking is only one hundredth of a second (Fig. 5).

At this distance there are also two riders who are eliminated due to the

lame of their horses.

Fig. 5. The participants go to the final and are very close to each other

CONCLUSIONS

The survey results show that the extreme conditions and situations

faced by contestants in the endurance discipline have a major impact on

their mental readiness for the competition itself. Even experienced

riders can get uncertain when there are changes on the route due to

climatic or other changes. This uncertainty arises from the fact that their

partner - the horse, also changes his attitude and willingness to


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cooperate. Their physical readiness is poorly affected, leading to the

recommendation to focus on work on mental attitudes and readiness

and their assertion in various crisis situations and problems. This can be

achieved by working with sports psychologists, training in similar and

varied conditions, situation analysis, etc.

REFERENCES

1. Dimitrova B. (2013). Synchronized swimming–theoretical concept of the critical training zone. Journal Sport Montenegro. UDK: 797.2:611.1; SportMont_37-38-39_p.хъх7_41-47.pdf.

2. Dimitrova, B. (2017). Cyclical movements, Smart models, quadratic evaluation. Monograph. Sofia, p. 73. Ed. PBS, ISBN: 978-619-160-871-3

3. Dimitrova, B. (2017a). The specificity of the workload in synchronous swimming. Monograph. Sofia, p. 111. Ed. PBS, ISBN: 978-619-160-870-6

4. Dimitrova, B. et al. (2018). Social Impact of Wellness (Wellness) culture. Comparative analysis from Gallup international research data. Book.S. Ed. Avangard, pp. 11. ISBN: 978-619-160-989-4

5. Dimitrova, B. et al. (2018а). Multilingual app content for Android and iPhone – New Job position. Book. WELVET (Erasmus+ Intellectual product). Sofia, Edition Avangard Prima. ISBN: 978-619-160-991-8

6. Dimitrova, B., (2001). An attempt to introduce the concept of critical speed in load management: Balkan Scientific Conference - April 2001 Sport and Science (Sofia), XLXII, 2001, No: annex to issue 5, 97 p.

7. Domuschieva - Rogleva, G., (2009). Preconceptive anxiety and stress in sports, Type of Top Press, ISBN 978-954-92203-2-2, p. 43.

8. Fisher, R., Vaque, I.C., Emond B., De Mello, M.B., Camboulives, J-Ph., Moggan, L. (2016). FEI Coach Education Level 1 Course Workbook Endurance, 1st edition.

9. Hristov, R., Kolev, I., Krumov, Yo., (2009). Research and analysis of team tactics in assault by teams from the Ice Hockey World Championship II, Group B in Sofia, "Sports and Science", issue 5.

10. Iancheva, T., (2004). Personality and competitive realization. NSA PRESS Publishing House, pp. 72, Sofia.

11. Iancheva, T., (2006). Psychological assurance in elite sport, NSA PRESS, ISBN 954-718-171-8, pp. 8.

12. Kaikov, D. (1980). Stable mental state of youth in extreme conditions. Author of the dissertation, Sofia.

13. Kaikov, D. (1998). Psychological Training and Situational Mental Preparedness, Sofia, 1998.

14. Nesheva, I. (2007). An inquiry into attitudes and practical participation in exercises and sports during pregnancy. S., Sport & Science, cf. pc. 2, pp. 38-45 ISSN 1310-3393

15. Nesheva, I., Tz. Dobreva, St. Ilieva (2007). Gymnastics for pregnant, mother, baby and child, (four parts) S., Sport & Science, pc. 2, pp.161-163 ISSN 1310-3393


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16. Nesheva, I. (2012). Gymnastics for Women with Normal Pregnancy - part of NSA Interdisciplinary Scientific Project, First International Conference - Spa and Wellness, NSA, Bulgaria - 7-8.04.2011 - Sport & Science, Issue 1 .129-134 ISSN 1310-3393

17. Nesheva, I., D. Fenerova (2012). Psychoprophylaxis for Women with Normal Pregnancy - part of NSA Interdisciplinary Scientific Project ", Scientific Conference of the Department of Gymnastics - May 27, 2011, Sports & Science, Izv. issue 2, pp. 79-83 ISSN 1310-3393

18. Nesheva, I. (2016). Cheerleading Sports - Part I. Monograph. Ed. "Avangard Prima", Sofia pp. 1-104 ISBN 978-619-160-592-7, ctr. 9, paragraph 1, line 1-4

19. Nesheva, I. (2016). Research impact through scientific reports in international fora. Avangard Prima Publishing House, Sofia, pp.1-70. ISBN 978-619-160-593-4


21. Trendafilov, D., B. Dimitrova (2013). Aquaspinning as anti-stress health prevention. Journal Sport Montenegro - Issue 37, 38, 39. Podgorica, ISNN1451-7485, Index fac. 9771-4517-48001, Montenegro, 2013 p. 454 -460.

22. Valev, Y., (2013). Guide for Elementary Training of Equestrian Equestrian Rider, Sofia.

23. Valev, Y., Nedkova-Ivanova, R, (2018). Theory and methodology of the discipline "all-round riding and endurance", Sofia.


CONTACTS:

Assoc. Prof. Yuri Valev, PhD Vice Dean, Faculty of Sport, National Sports Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria Studentski grad 1700, Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected] Mobile/Viber: (+359) 893396360




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TRANSFER OF INNOVATION IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF SERVICE,

INCREASING THE QUALITY OF THE RESTAURANT PRODUCT

Polimenov, Mincho Assoc. professor, PhD, Department of Marketing and Tourism, University

Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov ", Burgas, Bulgaria

Key Words: Transfer of innovations, technology of service, quality of

restaurant product, factoring processes, technological rules

INTRODUCTION

Transfer of innovation in service technology creates an opportunity for

"improving the quality of the restaurant product" (Polymenov, 2014;

Dimitrova et al., 2018). The transfer of innovations service processes is

an accurate exposure to the techniques of work in different forms of

service (Dimitrova, 2011; Tishinov, 2015). The introduction of new

restaurant products, or the improvement of technology and detail are

the specific needs of the Niche tourism and the Wellness touristic

destinations (Dimitrova, 2014; Tishinov, 2015)..

Innovations in restaurant service are a continuous repeat process

and are an essential element for enhancing the "quality of the restaurant

product" (Ribov, 2005) and of recreation services (Dimitrova et al.,

2018.a). Everything is focused on the set company goals, company

strategy with the maintenance of high mastery and skills reaching the

perfection and competitiveness of the product. Service technology seeks

to respond to how processes are performed and what operations and

techniques are in creating and delivering the service. What is their

technology and chronology, what are the elements, how they combine

and how the forms of supply are resistant. Service technology is a

combination of successive technology operations that involve material

and human resources in a particular way to produce travel services and

create value for the customer. It is seen that service technology is part of

the service system and is fully involved in the tourist product. It directs


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how to combine material and human resources in the process of service

delivery (Lukanova, 2017).

METHODOLOGY

The management of the quality of the restaurant product is based on

the transfer of innovations in the innovation process of the restaurant

activity, which leads to "increasing the competitiveness" (Marinov,

2003). Transfer factors from production phases and quality restaurant

product ratings should be comparable to quality and price.

The introduction of innovation rates and the competitiveness

factor of the restaurant product also determine the competitiveness

factor of the restaurant product, under the influence of certain

transferred innovative factors for a specific restaurant and create

conditions for comparability. Flexibility in service technology is

particularly important for the service and subsystem. The features in the

technology of tourism services are revealed within the structure itself

and have certain internal specificities. The whole technology consists of

interconnected elements and represents an integrative set. The

operations that are performed are composed of several components and

are required for matching and purposefulness according to the type of

service. With the transfer of innovations, improvements in the culinary

production and service technology are achieved, they have the potential

to change the organization of restaurant business and to respond to

market demand. Transferring innovations to various restaurant products

through strict adherence to working techniques and repeatability of the

workpiece is a striving for implementation in the production of

innovative solutions and factors, allowing rapid correction. The

requirements are to achieve a synchronization that is respected by the

functional units and there is a harmonization between the units

themselves in the service system. Here also arises the dilemma of

whether there is a single technology of service with certain stages or

there are separate technologies for each relevant service. The opinions

are different and this is due to the nature of the service, the lack of

chronology in the provision of the individual stages.

RESULTS


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Trends are through the transfer of innovations to the proposed culinary

product and organization of work in the kitchen unit, to the transfer of

innovations in the service technology and the organization of work in the

commercial hall, to achieve complete harmony in offering the restaurant

product in the restaurants and entertainment in a "specific material and

spiritual environment" (Dubeva et al., 2011). The transfer of innovation

complements current know-how and is crucial in overcoming differences

in service technology, providing the opportunity to analyze details and

correct certain techniques.

Operations in service technology and factoring processes must work in a

system and be sequenced in order to improve service times. Technical

Factor Operations can be described by the following diagram, which is a

transfer of service interrelations and indicates their ability to be

innovated (see Figure 1).

Fig. 1. Technological operations from the service of "Innovations in

Restaurant"

Compliance with the techniques of work and their skillful application

creates the opportunity to innovate the production operations. The

diagram is an accurate representation of operations step-by-step

interconnected combinations of service techniques that constantly seek

to "cycle into the heterogeneous system of restaurant management and

by complying with the standard and designing in service technology to

reach a more homogeneous system" (Polymenov,2014).

Improving production processes leads to increased efficiency, which in

turn creates the opportunity for qualitatively and quickly transferring

innovations. High expertise is needed when transferring innovations

from efficient production processes while preserving good practices. A


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success formula in restaurant activity is also the skillful transfer of

processes, their implementation, which is related to the competency

skills of the team directly involved in the production process.

The transfer processes are focused on implementation,

implementation and compliance with the modern quality management

strategies and systems ISO 9000. The overall scope is to satisfy the

requirements of the consumers and to satisfy the internal company

needs. The Hazard Analysis and Critical Points (HACCP)1 system is also

targeting the implementation, eradication and control of the risk of

contamination of food products below acceptable levels. The system

controls and analyzes the biochemical, chemical and physical hazards of

food delivery, storage and processing as well as the production,

distribution and consumption of the culinary product. The steps of the

technological operations are monitored and the requirements for non-

interference of the technological processes are observed. Based on the

analysis, processes are documented in work instructions, which must

include and determine what, where, when, by whom and how should be

done.

The realization of successful technologies in different forms is due

to hotel and restaurant chains. Their resilient standards and product

standardization lead to expansion in large chains. Transfer of technology

as a product element is a set of standards of culinary production and

service and is provided in a branded package and other services of new

objects / affiliates / franchise contract. Created written technology has

to adapt to the specific conditions in the individual objects, which is a

slow process. The test effect and financial efficiency are tested on at

least three sites. Effective is the standard technology / operations with

the participation of the clients are limited / for fast service institutions,

where the operations are simple and fast repeating to the degree of

feasibility. This allows the standardization of operations and their

dressing in the norms for the thermo-execution to maximize

performance with minimal uncertainty. Normal operations are complex

and personalized and difficult to formalize. Relationships are difficult to

1 Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points (H.A.C.C.P.)

http://www.fda.gov/food/guidanceregulation/haccp/default.htm


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fix, and therefore everything comes down to technology. This is typical

for hotel chains and high-end establishments. The so-called core core

technology is created from the prescribed operations, with the client,

the microclimate, the degree of representativeness is not formalized but

detailed. Standard transfer technologies spread across multiple success

factors become a barrier. There are many reasons, but the main is about

a lack of elasticity and rapid adaptation to changing demand demands. It

is difficult to reject the standard product and replace it with a variety of

variants, while the individualisation price is very high. Importance is

exacerbated by the role of technology as an industrial property object.

Overcoming problems and anticipating a decline for major hotel and

restaurant chains is based on long-term planning, directly linked to the

overall strategy. Avoidance of stagnation is overcome with the

introduction of scientific achievements in the field studied, this is

achieved by copying the results of the competition. Changes constantly

lead to a fast-moving and changing process that constantly resumes. The

chains that maintain quality of service constantly stimulate innovation.

This is achieved through a thorough knowledge of the details and

operations with client correspondence and the improvement of the

elements and philosophy of the whole technology.

Transposed techniques should be adapted to innovations in risk

factors such as sorting, sanitizing, disinfecting, polishing pots and

inventory. Good transfer factors in sorting operations and loading,

reloading, servicing and sorting techniques / economy of movement /

are at the heart of innovation and reduce the risk of overloads. The

dynamics of the production process leads to the improvement of the

leading operations and to the improvement and reduction of labor-

intensive processes. Transfer of innovations in the restaurant industry is

relatively low due to the many manual personal operations and depends

on the qualification and technological skills of the staff. The complexity

of multiple technological operations is difficult to certify due to the

participation of the subjective factor, but by optimizing the qualification

skills, the quality of the restaurant product is improved. The refinement

of the restaurant product is based on market demand, based on quality

and price, which is directly dependent on the consumer's satisfaction


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with the offered service. Key factors determining the quality of the

restaurant product are innovations related to working techniques. The

service system with its innovative transfer capabilities is also a factor

and guarantor for perfecting and obtaining a quality restaurant product.

DISCUSSION

Avoidance of stagnation is overcome with the introduction of scientific

achievements in the field studied, this is achieved by copying the results of

the competition. Changes constantly lead to a fast-moving and changing

process that constantly resumes. The chains that maintain quality of

service constantly stimulate innovation. This is achieved through a

thorough knowledge of the details and operations with client

correspondence and the improvement of the elements and philosophy of

the whole technology. There are possibilities for breaking standardization.

Large hotels like Lauading Hotels of the World, Small Luhury Hotels are

stimulating to develop their own technology rules, thereby controlling

the quality of service. The technology is marketed separately from the

trademark or in combination with the trademark only. The conclusion is

that requirements for service technology as a condition for success in

companies are growing. This liberal concept allows winning businesses

to valorise their technology and extract financial gain and positive

image. As an element of the tourist product, service technology can be

very attractive and even unique. The whole process of service is

innovated, the unique technology forms a unique product with a unique

unique image. In practice, it is difficult to create and maintain a unique

technology, the difficulties are differentiated in the thematic products.

CONCLUSIONS

Transparent factors improve service techniques and are the determining

factor in organizing restaurant service. Success is related to introducing a

methodology for leading restaurant products, creating best practice

templates, working techniques to move to a new higher level, and a

higher level of satisfaction with the organization of the service.

From this analysis I allow to formulate the following conclusions:

1. The conclusion is that the technology of servicing as a component of

the technological product has a life cycle, the phases of which must be


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closely monitored by the specialists;

2. Service technology is very closely related to the category of service

quality of the tourist product;

3. Transferred technologies in the restaurant industry significantly

increase the quality of the restaurant product by enhancing

competitiveness and improving the cost of the service.

REFERENCES

1. Dimitrova, B. N. Dede (2011). Aqua spinning as anti-stressing health prevention. 3th International

Scientific conference: Optimization and innovation in educational training process. [In Bulgarian].

[Акваспининг като антистресова превенция на здравето. Трета международна научна конференция:

Оптимизация и иновации в учебно-тренировъчния процес. Сборник доклад], 2011, p.146-153,

Department of Physical education and sport, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski.

2. Dimitrova, B. (2014). The enotherapy as an effective financial instrument for the wine tourism.

International Scientific Conference for Tourism “SPA and wine”- part of the Culture corridor –

cultural routes. Proceedings (p. 55-61). Blagoevgrad. Faculty of Economy, Tourism department. SW

University.

3. Dimitrova, B. et al. (2018). Social Impact of Wellness (Wellness) culture. Comparative analysis from

Gallup international research data. Book.S. Ed. Avangard, pp. 11. ISBN: 978-619-160-989-4

4. Dimitrova, B. et al. (2018а). Multilingual app content for Android and iPhone – New Job position. Book.

WELVET (Erasmus+ Intellectual product). Sofia, Edition Avangard Prima. ISBN: 978-619-160-991-8

5. Dubeva, T., Lukanova, G., (2011), Restaurant, [Book for the students of the University of Varna - Varna],

univ. ed. "Science and Economics", Varna, p.12-326.

6. Lukanova, G., (2017) Socio-economic dimensions of hotel services. Varna: Science and Economics, p. 45.

7. Marinov, S., (2006) Marketing Management of the Competitiveness of a Tourist Destination, Ed.

"Slavena", Varna, 2006., p.31.

8. Полименов, М., (2014). Polimenov, M. 2014. Innovations in restaurant management. Monography. Ed.

Avangard Prima, Sofia, p. 164. [In Bulgarian]. ISBN-976-619-160-416-6, [Иновации в

ресторантьорството. Монография. Изд. Авангард Прима, София].

9. Ribov, M., (2005), Tourism Without Borders Competitive Advantage in Tourism, ed. "New Star", S.,

p.104.8. J. Kingman-Brundage, The ABC's of Service System Blueprinting, in MJ Bitner and LA Crosby,

ed., Designing a Winning Service Strategy (Chicago: American Marketing Association, 1989), pp. 30-33.

8. www. silverservicecatering.com, www gueridon service. com

CONTACTS:

Assoc. Prof. Eng. Mincho Polimenov, PhD, University Prof. Dr. Ass. Zlatarov ", Burgas, Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected] Mobile/Viber: (+359) 898407570



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ORGANIZATION MODEL FOR PROJECT WORK WITH PHD AND

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

Nesheva, Irina

Assoc. professor, PhD, Faculty of public health, health care and tourism, National Sports Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria

Key Words: organization model, project, gymnastics, pregnant, psychology, functional

control

INTRODUCTION

Continuity is the principle key of educational experience (Tishinov,

1987; Dewey, 1997; Dimitrova et al., 2011; Trendafilov et al., 2013;

Varbanov et al., 2015). It plays general role in organization philosophy of

project work team (Adair, 2004; Tishinov et al., 2012; 2012.a; Dimitrova

et al., 2018; 2018.a). The word project comes from the Latin word

projectum from the Latin verb proicere, "to throw something forwards"

which in turn comes from pro-, which denotes something that precedes

the action of the next part of the word in time (paralleling the Greek

πρό) and iacere, "to throw". The word "project" thus actually originally

meant "something that comes before anything else happens". Formal

definition of project is unique and limited in time initiative. Unique

means that the project result is a new product or utility. Limited in time

means “predermined onset and end”. Each project has several stages:

initiation, planning, realization, control, closing. Following this the

present aim is to create and probe model of pedagogical work on

scientific project with PhD and undergraduate students well-skilled for

their future profession.

METHODS

First step was to motivate the team members explaining the

meaning of project and its issue. Then the theme of scientific project

“Influence of gymnastics in women with normal pregnancy” has been

argued as really an actual, perspective problem with health and social

aspect. Under the guidance of project director the specific requirements

and specialists from different departments were determined.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language


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RESULTS

This interdisciplinary project work was structured into three united

divisions:

1. Physical activity-gymnastics

Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3

In figures 1, 2, 3 women with normal pregnancy perform some

exercises of the gymnastics program.

2. Psycho prevention

Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6

The pregnant women fill in psychological tests (Fig.4, 5, 6), guided by

psychologist.

3. Functional control

The place, time of exercising and equipment were assured. During

the pilot stage trough various advertising forms, including web site the

contingent was involved in the gymnastics program after individual

information for each pregnant woman and given informed written

consent. The next step was to present our program before the students

and invite them to take part in the project. The student volunteers


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became members of scientific circle. They have been trained to do

experiments - part of the project study (Fig. 7, 8, 9, 10)

Fig. 7, 8, 9, 10

The student volunteers have been trained by physiologist to do

some physiological measurements (Fig. 7, 8, 9, 10).

DISCUSSION

The gymnastics program starts and works regularly (Nesheva, 2010;

Nesheva, 2011; Nesheva et al., 2011). Results of some physical ability

tests: flexibility test - posterior thigh musculature (PTM), tilt right in chair

sitting position (TRCSP), tilt left in chair sitting position(TLCSP); motor

coordination test – upright arm moving (UAM), locomotion arm exercise

(LAE); balance stability test – one arm one knee support (AKS), upright

raised right leg (URRL), upright raised left leg (URLL); handgrip test

(measures static arm strength) - right arm strength (RAS), left arm

strength (LAS) have been presented at the V International Congress

“People, Sport and Health” (Fenerova et al., 2011). The results of


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psychological tests (Spielberger test STAY-Y-I for evaluation of situational

and personal anxiety, Color test of Luscher, Karmanov’s approach for

evaluation of the main parameters of mental state) also were presented

at the same Congress [6]. The leading report authors are university

teachers doing PhD thesis and members of project team. The

undergraduate students have done their first real experiments in

pregnant women during gymnastics practice under the control of

qualified physiologist. As a matter of fact it was realized a good form of

teambuilding. In conclusion, the project work starts successfully using

such approach for organization model.

REFERENCES

1. Adair John Eric (2004). The Concise Adair on Teambuilding and Motivation.(Ed. Neil

Thomas). Publisher: Thorogood. Place of Publication: London. Publication Year:

2. Dewey, J. (1997). Experience and education. Macmillan.

3. Dimitrova, B. N. Dede (2011). Aqua spinning as anti-stressing health prevention. 3th

International Scientific conference: Optimization and innovation in educational training

process. [In Bulgarian]. [Акваспининг като антистресова превенция на здравето. Трета

международна научна конференция: Оптимизация и иновации в учебно-тренировъчния

процес. Сборник доклад], 2011, p.146-153, Department of Physical education and sport, Sofia

University "St. Kl. Ohridski.


International Scientific Conference for Tourism “SPA and wine”- part of the Culture corridor

– cultural routes. Proceedings (p. 55-61). Blagoevgrad. Faculty of Economy, Tourism

department. SW University.

5. Dimitrova, B. et al. (2018). Social Impact of Wellness (Wellness) culture. Comparative analysis

from Gallup international research data. Book.S. Ed. Avangard, pp. 11. ISBN: 978-619-160-989-4

6. Dimitrova, B. et al. (2018а). Multilingual app content for Android and iPhone – New Job

position. Book. WELVET (Erasmus+ Intellectual product). Sofia, Edition Avangard Prima. ISBN:

978-619-160-991-8

7. Fenerova D., I. Nesheva, M. Georgiev (2011). Peculiarities in the mental state of

pregnant women practicing Gymnastics. V International Congress “People, Sport and

Health”, 21-23 April 2011, Saint-Peterburg, Russia, Proceedings (Part 3. Health,

Section 6. Sport and reproductive Health. Gender Approach), 367-368.

8. Nesheva I. (2010). Model of physical activity for women with normal pregnancy. Part І,

Proc. V International Scientific Congress “Sport, Stress, Adaptation”, NSA, Sofia, p.

270-275.


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39

9. Nesheva I. (2011). Gymnastics for women with normal pregnancy – part of an

interdisciplinary research project of the National Sport Academy. First International

Conference – SPA and Wellness, NSA, Bulgaria 7-8 April 2011 (in press).

10. Nesheva I., E. Pavlova, D. Fenerova, M. Georgiev (2011). Gymnastics program model

and some physical ability tests in normal pregnancy females. V International Congress

“People, Sport and Health”, 21-23 April 2011, Saint-Peterburg, Russia, Proceedings

(Part 3. Health, Section6. Sport and reproductive Health. Gender Approach), 367.

11. Tishinov O., N. Khadziev, S. Ivanov, N. Yordanov (1987). Methods for registration and

analysis of balance stability - V international symposium of biomechanical research in

sports, Athens, 1987, p.110.

12. Tishinov, O., M. Gikova, Iva Zareva (2012). “Comparative analysis of the morphological

features of gymnasts and sport dances athletes”, Proceeding book of XVI International

Scientific Congress “Olympic Sports and Sport for All” and VI International Scientific

Congress “ Sport, Stress, Adaptation” 17-19 May 2012, Sport & Science, Extra issue

2012, p. 140-143.

13. Tishinov, O., Albert, Е. (2012.a). Investigation of balance stability in the eastern asian

marchial arts. Vth international scientific congress “Sport stress adaptation”. Journal

Sport & Science (Extra issue), Part I, p. 74-80, Sofia, Bulgaria.

14. Trendafilov, D., & B. Dimitrova (2013). Aqua Spinning as anti-stress health prevention.

Acts of Conference “Physical education and sport”. Montenegro, 2013, No 37-39 / XI,

р. 454-460. ISSN 1451-7485 (9771-4517-48001).

15. Varbanov, I., Tishinov, O., Zsheliaskova-Koynova, Z. (2015). Study of anticipation in

handball through interactive test. International Journal of Human Movement and

Sports Sciences 3(3): 27-34, 2015 DOI: 10.13189/ saj.2015.030301

http://www.hrpub.org

CONTACTS:

Assoc. Prof. Irina Nesheva, PhD Faculty of public health, health care and tourism, Gymnastic chair National Sports Academy, Studentski grad 1700, Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected] Mobile/Viber: (+359) 893396302




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DEVELOPMENT OF IMAGERY TRAINING PLAN FOR RHYTHMIC GYMNASTS

Ivanova, Vessela

PhD, Faculty of Public health, Health care and Tourism, Wellness Institute Bulgaria, Sofia, Bulgaria

Key Words: gymnastics, psychological preparation, visualization, performance.

INTRODUCTION

Achieving of high sports results is a major goal of the elite’s sport, where

the training system must work effectively with quality and all of its

components must be developed in full synergy. Psychological training is one

of the most important components of sport’s achievement and it is

invariably present in every part of the sports training. For many specialists

the competition is primarily a fight of psychic and mental qualities than as

technical and physical abilities (Dimitrova et al., 2011; Dimitrova et al., 2018).

Definitely the emotional and psychological factors influence the

performance of athletes, both during training and during a competition.

B. Parvanov (2001) examines the content of psychological training as a

unity of four types of preparation- intellectual, moral, volitional and

emotional. T. Yancheva (2006), in turn, defines the psychological training as a

"system of targeted effects and self-effects on the psyche and the

personality of the athlete and the coach in order to reach the full, most

effective participation in the process of preparation and adequate

competitive realization".

There are a number of methods and tools for mental preparation, some of

which are common and some are rarer, one of these methods is the imagery

training (Dimitrova et al., 2018.a). Sports visualization is a method essentially

aimed at building up the athlete’s confidence and self-belief to overcome

performance anxiety. It is designed to remove negative triggers and replace

them with positive thoughts, which can sharpen a person’s focus and create

more confidence (Ekeocha et al., 2015; Dimitrova, 2014). According to Dr.

Jennifer Cumming “the image" is also called mental rehearsal

[https://appliedsportpsych.org/resources /resources-for-athletes/sport-


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imagery-training, 2019]. This means that the athlete uses all his senses (for

example, to see, feel, hear, recreate emotion), rehearsing the sport in his

mind. Lotze & Halsband (2006) believe that the deliberate internal

representation of some action through images activates the same brain

regions involved in the unconscious planning and execution of the

movements. According Neisser’s (1976) perceptual anticipation hypothesis

imagining may facilitate perceptual processes “by priming mechanisms in the

visual system, preparing them to receive information about a particular

object or event” (Finke, R.A., 1989).

There are many requirements in achieving the desired effect of mental

imagery, but the first is the approach to teaching and learning the specific

techniques. The visuospatial and temporal components form the

“procedural” knowledge required for effective mental imagery, while

conceptual (ideas of movement) and symbolical (language representations)

elements form the “declarative” knowledge of mental imagery (Annett,

1995, 1996). Procedural knowledge is the knowledge of “how” to do mental

imagery based on performance results, i.e., the success achieved in mentally

forming of the correct image in the mind (Behncke, L., 2004).

The visualization is significant, because imagining sports events that are

not realized yet, but desired, cause the brain to give electrical reactions as if

such events took place (David, T., J. Hardy, E. Oliver, 2011). These reactions

are transmitted to our muscles, and our muscles become ready for the

imagined sports events when they become real (Acevedo, E., P. Ekkekakis,

2006). This is positive contribution to the performance of the athlete

(Wilson, M. R., S. J. Vine, G. Wood, 2009).

We believe that this method of psychological training could improve the

sports preparation in rhythmic gymnastics, where concentration, focus on a

given goal, and a high level of precision play a significant role. Physical and

technical training are the basis of the good gymnasts, but the ability to show

the best of yourself, to jump over your options, to set a plan and to follow it

is the ability of a true champion. It only happens when you believe in

yourself, know what to require from yourself and how to achieve it, because

you have already rehearsed these scenes repeatedly in your mind,

experienced it and succeeded.


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Purpose and objectives of the study

Purpose: Improving of the gymnasts’ performance, using imagery.

Objectives:

1. To study the specialized literature of the research problem.

2. To propose imagery training plan for elite rhythmic gymnasts.

3. To make imagery assessment, according questionnaire (in the plan),

coach’s feedback and the athlete’s own perceptions of

focus/confidence/anxiety.

The experience shows, that no matter how the gymnast is well prepared

(physically and technically), if she cannot master the psyche in particular her

emotions, stress and fear, she fails to show her full potential to achieve

maximum results for a given moment and to stay on the top. This gives

reason to pay attention to the psychological preparation of the competitors.

They have to be prepared in their mind for their best performance, and this

is done through repeated rehearsals of the routines in their mind, perfectly

executed, rehearsing even inaccuracies and their reactions to them. This

would be an advantage in the reality and in a fact, that the study have a

greater significance, because it is making competitors to believe in their

success, improve their self-esteem, to train their confidence, not only in the

practice but also in the thought. Everything is a result of the way of thinking.

With imagery training plan we offer not only a methodology for visualization

of the perfect routines, but also a way to share the fears, the weak

moments, the causes that make the gymnasts to feel unstable on the carpet.

We consider the theme as important and also that it can be developed and

improved in the future by us or by other authors in different sport, whose

interest would be affected by this topic.

METHODS

Main hypothesis of the research

We allow the possibility that developing an imagery training plan and its

practical application in combination with physical and technical training

exercises could optimize the gymnasts’ performance, to improve their

weaknesses and master their strengths. This enforced the need from the

present study in order to prove the working hypothesis.


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Applied methodology

Sample: 12 female rhythmic gymnasts (national team- juniors) were

surveyed with average age 13.8 years.

Methodology: An imagery training plan was developed, that included a total

of 4 sessions with specific tasks, duration and post-session comments-

completion of a questionnaire, interview with a specialist and an expert

assessment after monitoring. The visualization plan was put into the

practice and the results of the questionnaire replies were processed by the

program SPSS Statistics 22. There were 6 questions in the questionnaire for

skills, strategies, goals, affects, mastery and global state. The answers were

expressed in numbers from 1 to 10, with 1 being the weakest and 10 being

the strongest self-assessment. Variation and comparative analysis were

used to determine the average and individual level of self-esteem and

confidence, with respect to the above questions.

Table1. Imagery Training Plan Tasks Time Comments

Session 1

- Current imagery competency - Pre Imagery Assessment - General Imagery Activities (water related, getting her to feel a cold drink etc.) - А result of image activities - Objectives- what does she want to achieve at the end?

45 mins

Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire Water Cold drink- can be soluble vitamin, a carbohydrate drink associated with a healthy diet.

Session 2

- Best performance recall - Imagery across each rotine (hoop, ball, clubs and ribbon). Talk through which one routine or element was hardest to imagine, which one was easiest. Why? Strengths and weaknesses of imagination.

45 mins

Thinking about one aspect of the girls’ training (one event) and incorporate as many aspects of it into their imagery script from an external & internal perspective. The gymnasts will then be asked to practice it when they can, but every day even in the beginning they cannot achieve clear visualization of the put task. The focus should be on the strengths, but to talk through weaknesses.

Session 3

- Feedback on imagery practice - Work together to incorporate physical, technical and environment components - Incorporate timing and task components.

45 mins

Internal perspective: Incorporating physical nature (Measuring HR whilst reading imagery script, to check if HR during imagery matches up to actual performance in the training/competitions). Using a stopwatch to check imagery timing (if it matches up to actual routine, training or competition timing). Logistics: HR monitor, stopwatch


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Ongoing practice: practice imagery before/after training every day.

Session 4

- Feedback on imagery practice - Incorporate learning and emotion, components. What were the gymnasts' emotions during the imagery performance and what can they improve in their real practice?

45 mins

Using external imagery to refine certain aspects of technique and incorporating meaningful emotional components. Gestures of the arms during visualization may be included to characterize the movements in the girls’ routines.

RESULTS

Fig. 1 Average Imagery Scores

The study was conducted within 30 days. The training plan sessions

alternated every day and at the end of every fourth session there was a

discussion between the athletes and the trainer or sports psychologist.

The questionnaire, that the girls filled out was put into the practice at

the end of this thirty day period, because for many of the gymnasts to

visualize, set goals and have a strategy was an unclear topic. They had no

specific answer and could not give any self-assessment. At the end of the

experiment, as a result of the visualization methodology used, the girls

had clear answers regarding the level of ownership of the respective

components (skill, strategy, goal, affect, mastery, global) and strongly

gave their self-assessments, with 10 being the highest and 1 being the

weakest.

Fig. 1 presents the average imagery scores of an individual team-

juniors and it is clear that in their answers the girls fail to reach the

average level of self-esteem (5), which raises questions about their

confidence in what they do and their own abilities and beliefs for

success. In terms of the component „Skill”, the girls had to determine

their own level of development of physical and technical qualities. The

average score for the group is 4.75, which indicates that the girls not

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Score/ Max

Strategy

Affect

GlobalAverage Imagery Scores


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only have doubts that they do not have the necessary skills, but they are

also below average, for the requirements of modern rhythmic

gymnastics. In the initial interview, the gymnasts had no exact idea what

visualization is and how to perform it. By the end of the 30-day

experiment, they were already seeing weaknesses in their minds and

perhaps that was reason to did not give higher scores for theirself. Here

the "shame" comes as a factor or the doubt "not to overestimate in the

eyes of others." In the discussions with the coach during the experiment,

the girls actually found it most difficult to imagine, that they were

playing routines without big mistakes, some of them, even in their daily

efforts, did not reach the stage, where they could maintain

concentration on the technical elements in their mind and their perfect

performance.

The concept of strategy in rhythmic gymnastics was completely

unknown for the athletes. At the start of the study, they said that they

had never paid attention to building one, about the training process and

how to complete it effectively. There was also a lack of strategy on how

to perform in the best way of a competition, achieving the highest

possible results. At the end of the experiment, the girls evaluated their

ability to build а strategy with an average score from 3.8 for the group

(Fig.1). The competitors admit that before applying the visualization,

they never realized the need to plan their actions, think proactively and

have a clear idea of how to react in all situations. Through imagery

training they are able to build similar strategic organization in their

minds. According gymnasts the scores for this component, which they

gave theirself are so poorly, because they are not sure which strategy is

right and will produce the desired effect. Some of the girls share, that

they have many ideas in their head, they are confused, which leads to a

continuous change of strategies for this how to accomplish the training

tasks.

In setting goals, girls clearly expressed their desire to perform well

during the competitions and the coaches to be happy after their

routines. However, they were not enough concrete at setting the goals,

they did not indicate short and long term goals. They did not see


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themselves in the a future and could not express their opinions about

what they want to be in or outside of the sport. At the beginning of the

study, children were left speechless about the desired scores of difficulty

or execution. It was also difficult for them to define what they want to

improve today or tomorrow. After a month with visualization training,

where gymnasts were tasked with focusing precisely on a particular

element or part of the routines, which they wanted to improve, girls

began to become more aware of the role of "goals". They understood,

that a coach's training plan was a kind of goal for achieving, but it was

very important for them to set smaller ones that would lead to the

successful realization of the main, larger goal (whole training,

competition, several competitions, cycle). The average score for the

component “Goal” is 3.25 (Fig.1). In a fact, this is the lowest score of all 6

tested components. According us it is a sign, that the gymnasts found it

difficult to imagine themselves winning.

On the question whether the image training plan has influence on the

gymnasts’performance in the practice, the children put score from 4.5

for the component "Affect". This is the second strongest estimate for the

group after the component „Skill” (4.75). Although gymnasts did not

show self-esteem and confidence in their overall self-evaluation, they

confirmed that through visualization training, they significantly improved

their concentration (it was difficult to keep their focus on the tasks and

even fell asleep during mental training at the beginning of the

experiment). According to the children, sessions, where there is an audio

recording or a musical accompaniment on which to perform their mental

routines, encouraged them to listen more to the music and its rhythm

and to understand it. The girls also shared, that the imagery training plan

has definitely helped them to see how they want to look during a

competition and to work in the practice more consciously to achieve

that goal.

For the components „Mastery” and “Global” the gymnasts gave mean

scores, respectively 4 and 3.95 (Fig.1). At the beginning of the

experiment, they were extremely negative about their abilities and

absolutely did not believe that they could shine with something among


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other competitors. The juniors did not think that they could perform an

exercise with or without an apparatus really well and to show mastery in

their routines. After a month of trying to visualize the best possible

presentation of their 4 routines during training and competition, the

children began to give themselves positive scores and to assume that

they could successfully handle with the motor tasks. In terms of the

overall image of their career and development in the gymnastics, girls

have shown a global score from 3.95. By calculating the arithmetic mean

of all the averages of the components studied above, we can see that it

is very close to that used by girls, and even slightly higher (4.04). This is

probably a sign that the gymnasts feel more unstable as a whole system

of different qualities than evaluating each quality individually. The

reason can be, because there are other components which are not

investigated in the present thesis, but they are important part in the

overall system.

CONCLUSIONS

In the scientific literature, the authors indicate that the visualization is

a complex method of psychological preparation and the process itself

goes through several stages. In practice, this was confirmed, the girls

had no idea what exactly was an effective visualization of what to look

for in it and how to achieve it. It took them time to concentrate and

solve certain mental tasks. The gymnasts were uncertain and restless,

they doubted that they could fulfill their training plan and had not

specific idea how to approach. The images actually helped them to set

small goals and define their weaknesses and strengths, which is in

response to the experts, that the visualization enhances the confidence

and the focusing at the time of performing an action. Sports literature

describes that in effective visualization, the gymnasts uses all their

senses (for example, to see, feel, hear, recreate emotion), rehearsing the

exercises in their mind. However, this was not happen in this

experiment. The girls could hardly imagine their perfect execution of the

routines and emotions, feelings of excitement, fear, exaltation could not

be expressed. Probably the reason is the lack of sufficient time for the

experiment, which, if continued, will further develop the mental capacity

of the children.


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REFERENCES

1. Acevedo, E., P. Ekkekakis (2006). Psychobiology of Physical Activity, 1st. Edition, Human Kinetics,

USA.

2. Annett, J. (1995). Motor imagery: perception of action, Neuropsychologia, 33 (11), 1395-1417.

3. Annett, J. (1996). On knowing how to do things: a theory of motor imagery. Cognitive Brain

Research, 3, 65-69.

4. Behncke, L. (2004). Mental Skills Training For Sports: A Brief Review, Athletic Insight/ The Online

Journal of Sport Psychology, March 2004, Volume 6, Issue 1.

5. David, T., J. Hardy, E. Oliver (2011). Effects of self-talk: A systematic review. JSEP, 33:666-687.

6. Dimitrova, B. N. Dede (2011). Aqua spinning as anti-stressing health prevention. 3th International

Scientific conference: Optimization and innovation in educational training process. [In Bulgarian].

[Акваспининг като антистресова превенция на здравето. Трета международна научна конференция:

Оптимизация и иновации в учебно-тренировъчния процес. Сборник доклад], 2011, p.146-153,

Department of Physical education and sport, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski.


International Scientific Conference for Tourism “SPA and wine”- part of the Culture corridor – cultural

routes. Proceedings (p. 55-61). Blagoevgrad. Faculty of Economy, Tourism department. SW

University.

8. Dimitrova, B. et al. (2018). Social Impact of Wellness (Wellness) culture. Comparative analysis from Gallup

international research data. Book.S. Ed. Avangard, pp. 11. ISBN: 978-619-160-989-4

9. Dimitrova, B. et al. (2018а). Multilingual app content for Android and iPhone – New Job position. Book.

WELVET (Erasmus+ Intellectual product). Sofia, Edition Avangard Prima. ISBN: 978-619-160-991-8

10. Ekeocha, Tracy C. (2015). The effects of visualization & guided imagery in sports performance, A

thesis for the degree of Master of Arts with a Major in Health Psychology, Graduate Council of Texas

State.

11. Finke, R.A. (1989). Principles of mental imagery, MIT Press, London.

12. Lotze, M., & Halsband, U. (2006). Motor imagery, Journal of Physiology Paris, 99, 386–395.

13. Wilson, M. R., S. J. Vine, G. Wood (2009). The influence of anxiety on visual attentional control in

basketball free throw shooting, JSEP, 31:152-168.

14. Parvanov, B. (2001). Problemi na Sportnata Psihologiya, NSA Press, Sofia. //Първанов, Б., (2001),

Проблеми на Спортната Психология, НСА Прес, София.

15. Yancheva, T. (2006). Psihologichesko osiguryavane v Elitniya Sport, NSA Press, Sofia. // Янчева, Т.

(2006), Психологическо осигуряване в Елитния Спорт, НСА Прес, София.

16. Cumming, J., Sport Imagery Training, available at: https://appliedsportpsych.org/resources/resources-for-

athletes/sport-imagery-training/, (accessed 05.09.2019).

CONTACTS:

Vessela Ivanova, Ph.D. Wellness Institute Bulgaria Dragalevci, 1415, 2 Kapina str. Sofia, Bulgaria / Email: [email protected] Mobile/Viber: (+359) 897 593988

https://appliedsportpsych.org/resources/resources-for-athletes/sport-imagery-training/

https://appliedsportpsych.org/resources/resources-for-athletes/sport-imagery-training/



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SPECIALISED STAFF TRAINING SYSTEMS FOR SAILING TOURISM

Bahshevansky Stoyan

Faculty of Public health, Health care and Tourism, National Sports Academy “V. Levski”

Keyword: Training systems, specialized staff, sailing tourism, standards, education

INTRODUCTION

According to reports from the World Tourism Organization

(UNWTO), over the last 60 years, tourism has shown continuous

development and diversification, becoming one of the largest and

fastest growing economic sectors in the world. In 2010, international

tourism revenue totaled $ 919 billion.

The number of international tourist trips has steadily increased

from 25 million in 1950, 278 million in 1980, 528 million in 1995 and

1,035 million in 2012. With a long-term forecast, the increase is up to +

4.4% per year (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Number of international tourist trips for 1950-2010 and long-term forecast

for their increase until 2030 (according to UNWTO data from 2017).


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At the turn of the third millennium, humanity faces a number of

problems, on which the successful development of Earth's civilization

depends. This includes religious and ethnic conflicts, environmental

problems and the conservation of natural resources, etc., as well as

issues of upbringing, youth education and ensuring human health.

One of the ways to influence young people is through sport and

recreation activities (Tishinov et al., 1987; Tishinov et al., 2012.a;

Varbanov et al., 2015; Angelov et al., 2017). In particular sailing is

famous with its environmental friendliness, teamwork and a high level of

polytechnic knowledge and skills (Doichev, 2019; Albert et al., 2014). On

the other hand, their successful implementation in practice depends on

the level of proficiency in various technical techniques, as well as on the

special physical qualities (Tishinov et al., 2012; Albert et al., 2017;

Avramova, 2019).

METHODS

Our working hypothesis is that exploring the opportunities for the

development of the yacht masters' qualifications will improve the quality

of the services offered in the field of yacht tourism in Bulgaria. The area

of this research is the operation and development of yacht tourism.

Subject of the research - study and analysis of the systems for

training the yacht tourism. The subject of the study is the training and

certification of the yacht tourism staff.

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to study the specificities of

sailboat training and certification in different countries.

Tasks:

1. Study of training systems for the development of sailing and yacht

tourism in different countries of Europe and America;

2. Study of the training system for the development of sailing and yacht

tourism in Bulgaria.

Research methodology.

The methods used in the study are:

• Literary and information research;

• Theoretical analysis;

• Synthesis.


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RESULTS

The experience of Spain, France, Turkey, Denmark and other countries

clearly shows that sailing activities make a significant contribution to the

national economy.

Sailing tourism is one of the most effective means of recreation for both

young people and the elderly. The leaders in the popularity of yacht

tourism in Europe are the Netherlands and Sweden.

In Sweden, every 7 people in the country own a yacht, and in the

Netherlands, every 30th. The number of sailing yachts are; in Germany -

125,000, in the Netherlands - 200,000, France - 190,000; in the UK -

about 500,000, and Sweden - 1,200,000 (including motor), including over

200,000 cruise cabins.

Training and certification of yacht masters in Europe and America. The

most famous sailing tourism training and certification organization is the

Royal Yachting Association. It is more than 130 years old, authorized by

the Government of England to regulate the activities of sailors, and its

schools are deservedly considered one of the the best in the world

(training is in English only). Another major training system is the

International Yachtmaster Training. Amateur and vocational training is

also provided by the International Sailing Schools Association (ISSA),

which is an international public organization bringing together 3,550

yacht schools in 31 countries (adopting the ISSA standard).

It starts with the Flotilla Skipper / Watch keeper level and after that, the

training consists of a practical and theoretical part. Applicants must

meet the health requirements such as obtaining a driver's license. She

needs to be fluent in English and stay above the water. The minimum

length of service required to obtain a final certificate is to sail 200

nautical miles and 10 days at sea.

The Bareboat Skipper certificate certifies that the holder of the

diploma has sufficient knowledge and skills to sail as a master on a yacht

up to 50 feet and up to 20 nautical miles from shore (during the day);

can rent a yacht and do independent boat cruises.

However, in Bulgaria, sailing tourism, sailing and recreation

related to its use are extremely poorly represented on the Black Sea

coast. There is no infrastructure in place to practice these effective types


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52

of water recreation. Training and certification of yacht masters in

Bulgaria. A serious problem in enhancing Bulgaria's competitiveness (in

the system of international inbound and outbound tourism) is the

preparation and certification of yacht masters.

In our country, it is necessary for a person to have the capacity of

captain of a vessel up to 40 gross tons at sea in order to engage in

sailing, tourism, sport fishing and entertainment.

Acquisition can take about a month and is usually held in the

evening or on weekends. For a total of 106 lessons, four main topics are

covered - navigation (geography, meteorology, navigation, traffic rules),

maritime affairs (ship layout and navigation, radio and safety rules),

legislation and technical training (engine arrangement). The courses end

with an internal and then an external exam, which is similar to the

driving license exam - an individual computer test with 65 questions.

A total of 30 companies offer master courses for ships up to 40 tones.

Most are in Sofia - eight in total, five in Varna and Burgas, three in

Rousse and one each in Vidin, Oryahovo, Svishtov, Silistra, Pomorie,

Veliko Tarnovo, Plovdiv, Stara Zagora and Kardzhali. Exams can only be

taken at the centers of Maritime Administration in Sofia, Varna, Burgas,

Ruse and Lom. On successful completion of the exam, the certificate is

valid for ten years, after which it is renewed after presentation of a

current medical certificate.

The national maritime training standard of up to 40 gross tonnes

does not include practical training. According to Cap. Zhivko Georgiev

from IAMA, the logic in the courses not to have practical sailing training

is that sailing is "rather a hobby and a sport". "There are many times

fewer sailors in Bulgaria than those who hold a boat license."

The Bulgarian Small Ship Management Certificate is valid

worldwide and gives the right to charter a yacht in Greece, Turkey and

other countries, although it does not include very good preparation for

it. As a good practice for improving the qualifications of Bulgarian

masters of sailing yachts, some of the training centers establish contacts

with leading world schools receive international licenses and prepare

and certify their students with internationally recognized documents.


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53

Examples of such centers are Wind and Water and Sailing.bg, working in

partnership with the Royal Yachting Association.

1. The preparation of masters for sailing yachts in Bulgaria

consists in the completion of a captain's course for the

acquisition of a shipwright to 40 GT at sea;

2. The captain's courses do not include the practice of a sailing

yacht;

3. Additional training in the model of internationally recognized

organizations is offered to improve the sailing skills of captains;

4. Improvement of the qualification of yacht masters will also

improve the quality of the services offered in the field of yacht

tourism in Bulgaria.

REFERENCES

1. Albert E., M. Albert (2014). The role of gigong to develop specific performance judo”. Sport,

stress, adaptation extra issue ISSN 2367-458X, 2014.

2. Albert, M., E. Albert (2017). Study of the influence of the kinesitherapeutic complex on

cardiovascular parameters of visual impaired students. KNOWLEDGE, VOL 16.3, 2017, p-

1117 импакт фактор ИФ - 1.023

3. Angelov V., Tishinov O. (2017). Albert E. Study of the balance stability of yoga

exercises practitioners. Journal of Applied Sports Sciences 01/2017 Sofia,

Bulgaria.

4. Avramova M. (2019). Mean values and variability of performance indicators

in 15-16 year olds. Educational Almanac 2: 214-217 [In Bulgarian].

5. Doichev B. (2019). Ecology and Sport Monograph ISBN: 978-619-239-320-5

Avant-garde Prima. Pages 72-78 [In Bulgarian].

6. Tishinov, O., M. Gikova, Iva Zareva (2012). “Comparative analysis of the

morphological features of gymnasts and sport dances athletes”, Proceeding

book of XVI International Scientific Congress “Olympic Sports and Sport for

All” and VI International Scientific Congress “ Sport, Stress, Adaptation” 17-19

May 2012, Sport & Science, Extra issue 2012, p. 140-143.

7. Tishinov, O., Albert, Е. (2012.a). Investigation of balance stability in the

eastern asian marchial arts. Vth international scientific congress “Sport stress

adaptation”. Journal Sport & Science (Extra issue), Part I, p. 74-80, Sofia,

Bulgaria.

8. Tishinov O., N. Khadziev, S. Ivanov, N. Yordanov (1987). Methods for

registration and analysis of balance stability - V international symposium of

biomechanical research in sports, Athens, 1987, p.110.


2019 / 2


54

9. Varbanov, I., Tishinov, O., Zsheliaskova-Koynova, Z. (2015). Study of

anticipation in handball through interactive test. International Journal of

Human Movement and Sports Sciences 3(3): 27-34, 2015 DOI: 10.13189/

saj.2015.030301 http://www.hrpub.org

10. http://issa-schools.org/

11. https://www.marad.bg/

12. https://www.unwto.org/

13. https://www.rya.org.uk/Pages/Home.aspx

14. https://www.iytworld.com/

CONTACTS

Head Ass. Stoyan Bahchevansky, PhD Faculty of Public health, Health care and Tourism, National Sports Academy “V. Levski” Email: [email protected]


http://issa-schools.org/

https://www.marad.bg/

https://www.unwto.org/

https://www.rya.org.uk/Pages/Home.aspx

https://www.iytworld.com/


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55

BODY PROFILE SPECIFICITIES FOR ADVANCED ARTISTIC SWIMMERS

Asia Stoycheva

Balkan cluster for Health, Wellness & Spa Tourism

Keywords: Body profile, content BMI specificities, advanced athletes, artistic

swimming, Smart e-platform, pedagogical experimentation

INTRODUCTION

Wellness practices include a healthy balance, positively cheerful

radiation and active communication with nature (Dimitrova, 2014; 2018). On

a pan-European basis, Wellness methodologies contribute to "... improving

the quality of life of a European citizen ...." ("Charter of Fundamental Rights

of European Citizens", EC, 2019). In recent years, the opening of Wellness

sites in urban and holiday environments has seriously outpaced the

development of the industry (Dimitrova, 2018.a). In order to build a

knowledge-based economy, the urban and tourism Wellness Markets are in

dire need of enhancing the potential of human capital through highly

qualified Wellness Managers and Consultants. In this regard, the training in

the program is aimed at acquiring interdisciplinary knowledge and

specialized training in the problems of contemporary recreational modeling

programs and Wellness methodologies. Combining them with a new

generation of hardware kits with fully computerized backboards, with an

Internet connection to use Skype and even online shopping (online

shopping) during motor programs, enhances physical, emotional and

intellectual wellness comfort. Customers are happy and excited about

experiencing this rewarding activity that directly enhances their social and

interactive Wellness lifestyle". The work-based work-based work-based work

idea is based on the assumption that the action of the employees (A specific

feature of the specialist author's acquisition complexes is their component

continuum through area-directed muscular efforts that allow for

modification of the trainee's needs or expectations (Nesheva, 2016; Tishinov

et al., 2012). Dying from the specific joints with the support of the breathing

and the ectopic velocity of the competitors tightens all the respiratory

glands. Many of them lack the internal motivation and desire to be included

in the cycles after a few trainings in the water (Tishinov et al., 2012.a;


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Trendafilov et al., 2013). Aquatic practices allow to the swimmers to

continue to immerse their self in water, but even with straight heads out of

the water. Thus, by using what is and is a motor activity - general,

specialized, or targeted, the body of the practitioners perfects their

adaptation to water (Dimitrova, 2001; 2011; Albert et al., 2017; Nesheva,

2015). Those Facts motivate us to search new approaches for rising the

interest, motivation and active position of swimmers to their water training

(with aqua practices) and also defining indicators and the positive influence

in their body and health status (Tishinov et al., 1987; Valev, 2019). All told to

the point, we did not give an estimate for the following work hypotheses:

The passionate generalizations of our experiences from the practice will lead

to the development of specific models on the practice with a cognitive

element, applicable to a large part of people.

METHODS

Aim of this publication is to establish the influence effect of the

authors’ aqua model allowing a component continuum through zone-based

modeling exercises in accordance with the needs for the preparation of

synonyms for steady-state motive activity in water-based transparencies

The object of the study is the selfness and the potential of the specific

functional development and emotional dynamics of the swimmers, students,

the general practicers and their judgment for the applied aqua-methodology

and the efficiency of the original aqua-model for the status of selfness

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP 1 (EG1) - Of 40 swimmers from Bulgaria and Turkey,

which Increase their Implications, of all respondents from the experimental

groups we realize an online Questionnaire survey (with the tool Google

drive) for establishing their opinion for the training with the author aqua

model, what emotional dynamic and respectively their selfness. We studying

what information or knowledge for the positive effects of the aqua practices

or applying with motor activity in water environment, and in particular

aquatic practices. Estimated requirements for safeguarding in the

experiment:

Do not have sound problems;

Perform good-faith breathing retention while performing the exercises in the author's aqua-model;


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57

Do not intend to record any time during the period for the experiment;

To include in the daily we drink water on an individual dosage of 30 milligrams per kilogram weight (ml / kg) and compulsory ½ l during the aqua complex;

Do not change your hospital habits.

RESULTS

The descriptive analysis of the results of pedagogical experiment in the two

groups of synchronists, as measured by the smart body assessment platform,

is illustrated below.

Table 1. Descriptive trends for the experimental group of synchronists from the analysis of morphological parameters in the study before applying the author's aqua-model.

Пок

азат

ели

на

експ

ерим

ента

лн

ата

груп

а в

нача

лот

о на

пери

ода

Ръ

ст (

см)

Тег

ло

(кг

)

Инд

екс

висц

ерал

ни

маз

нини

Мас

а м

астн

а

тъка

н kg

Под

кож

на

мас

тна

тъка

н

BF

R %

Нив

о на

Про

теин

ово

съд

ърж

ание

%

Инд

екс

на

Кос

тна

мас

а kg

Нив

о на

дне

вен

кал

орие

н б

алан

с

BM

R K

cal

X 165,3 59,0 9,1 14,4 24,8 15,8 2,4 1260,6

S 3,5 5,1 2,1 1,4 2,2 0,7 0,3 231,1

Var 2% 9% 24% 10% 9% 5% 14% 18%

Ex -0,9 0,6 -0,4 -1,0 -0,3 -1,1 -0,1 0,7

As -0,3 -1,1 -0,5 0,4 1,0 -0,6 -0,1 1,3

Max 171,0 67,0 12,0 16,8 29,1 16,9 2,9 1774,0

Min 159,0 47,0 4,0 12,3 22,5 14,4 1,6 1007,0

R 12,0 20,0 8,0 4,5 6,6 2,5 1,3 767,0

The variation analysis performed on the results obtained by the

experimental group before and after the application of the author aqua model

is systematized in Tables 1, 2 and 3. Thus, we established descriptive trends for

the experimental group of synchronists.

This analysis is necessary to show us the specifics in the morphological

indices for selected competitors in artistic (synchronous) swimming. The data

on the coefficients of variation (Var) (less than 24%), excess (Ex), asymmetry

(As) have relatively low values and allow us to assume that the distribution of

results is normal in nature.


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Table 2. Descriptive trends for the experimental group of synchronists (EG1) from the analysis of morphological parameters in the study after applying the author's aqua-model.

Показатели на експерименталната група в

края на периода

Ръст (см)

Тегло (кг)

Индекс висцерални мазнини

Маса мастна тъкан

kg

Подкожна мастна тъкан BFR %

Ниво на Протеиново съдържани

е %

Индекс на

Костна маса

kg

Ниво на дневен

калориен баланс

BMR Kcal

X 165,3 57,0 9,5 12,8 22,7 16,6 2,4 1323,6

S 3,5 4,1 2,3 1,1 1,1 0,8 0,3 242,6

Var 2% 7% 24% 9% 5% 5% 14% 18%

Ex -0,9 -0,5 -0,4 0,4 1,5 -1,1 -0,1 0,7

As -0,3 -0,3 -0,5 0,9 0,9 -0,6 -0,1 1,3

Max 171,0 65,0 12,6 15,8 26,1 17,7 2,9 1862,7

Min 159,0 49,0 4,2 11,3 20,7 15,1 1,6 1057,4

R 12,0 16,0 8,4 4,5 5,4 2,6 1,3 805,4

DISCUSSION

Table 2 shows the calculated morphological indicators that guide

our research interests in the analysis. Of particular interest are the

weight, the mass of adipose tissue, the subcutaneous adipose tissue and

the level of protein content.

Fig 2. Height EG1 Fig 3. Height EG1

Fig 4. Visceral fat index EG1 Fig 5. Mass fat EG1


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59

The same conclusion applies to bone mass index, while for indicators

for which there is a significant increase, it is particularly useful for the physique

of the competitors, as it is negative and has a positive effect on sports training.

It should be borne in mind that the visceral fat index in Fig. 4 shows a minimal

positive increase with no significant effect.

This conclusion is reached after comparing the indicators in figure 4 -

visceral fat and figure 5 - mass of fat, as fat throughout the body shows a

significant increase with a negative result and indicates a greater impact on

sports performance.

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

45,9 46,9

1,0 2,2 6% 0,00

100

Тегло без мастна тъкан

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

38,3 39,9

1,5 4,0 12% 0,00

100

Тегло на мускулна маса

Fig иг. 6 Fig. 7

The data on the coefficients of variation Var. (below 13%), excess Ex,

asymmetry. As have relatively low values and allow us to assume that the

distribution of results is normal in nature.

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

67,2 70,0

2,8 4,2 8% 0,00

100

Процентно съдържание на мускулна маса

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

19.3 19.5

0.2 1.2 9% 0.16

84

Индекс на телесна маса

Fig. 8 Fig. 9

In the indicators weight without fat (Fig. 6), weight of muscle mass

(Fig. 7) and percentage of muscle mass (Fig. 8) and the index of body

weight (Fig. 9), the gains were positive with significant statistical

character


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60

Fig. 10 Fig. 11

The increase in the percentage of water in the body of the athlete

figure 10 is 8.3% and, respectively, on the body evaluation 11, 3% is

statistically significant, as well as the body assessment obtained from the

study with the apparatus.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, based on the conducted research, the following

implications can be drawn:

1. Contradictory of our expectations, most of the researched swimmers

(32.21%) are with under-weight, with normal weight (61.13%), and in

position for upper weight 6,6%.

2. The establishment of valid expectations and reconditions, convention

for healthy lifestyle, give motivation to the swimmers for long-term

occupations with aqua practices, and even more often.

3. Our research establish the low motivation of the Bulgarian swimmers

(on artistic swimming) for regular applying of aqua practices and

healthy life style.

REFERENCES

1. Albert E., M. Albert (2014). The role of gigong to develop specific performance judo”, Sport, stress, adaptation extra issue ISSN 2367-458X, 2014.

2. Albert, M., E. Albert (2017). Study of the influence of the kinesitherapeutic complex on cardiovascular parameters of visual impaired students. KNOWLEDGE, VOL 16.3, 2017, p- 1117 Impact Factor - 1.023

3. Dimitrova, B., (2001). An attempt to introduce the concept of critical speed in load management: Balkan Scientific Conference - April 2001 Sport and Science (Sofia), XLXII, 2001, No: annex to issue 5, 97 p.

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

81,791,0

9,2 11,34% 0,00

100

Телесна оценка

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

57,9 62,7

4,8 8,32% 0,00

100

Процентно съдържание на вода в организма


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61

4. Dimitrova, B. N. Dede (2011). Акваспининг като антистресова превенция на здравето. Трета международна научна конференция: Оптимизация и иновации в учебно-тренировъчния процес. [Aqua spinning as anti-stressing health prevention. 3th International Scientific conference: Optimization and innovation in educational training process.] Сборник доклади, 2011, p.146-153, Department of Physical education and sport, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski.

5. Dimitrova, B. (2014). The enotherapy as an effective financial instrument for the wine tourism. International Scientific Conference for Tourism “SPA and wine”- part of the Culture corridor – cultural routes. Proceedings (p. 55-61). Blagoevgrad. Faculty of Economy, Tourism department. SW University.



8. Nesheva, I. (2015). Benefits of the physical activity and the elaborated program mental prevention gym for women with normal pregnancy. Research in Kinesiology, 43(2), р.210-214.

9. Nesheva, I. [Нешева, И.] (2016a). Изследователски импакт чрез научни доклади в международни форуми. Студия. [Research impact through scientific reports in international fora. Studios] Изд. „Авангард Прима“, София, р.1-70. ISBN 978-619-160-593-4.

10. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights for citizens of EU countries (2019). (Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/your-rights-eu/eu-charter-fundamental-rights_en).

11. Tishinov, O., M. Gikova, Iva Zareva (2012). “Comparative analysis of the morphological features of gymnasts and sport dances athletes”, Proceeding book of XVI International Scientific Congress “Olympic Sports and Sport for All” and VI International Scientific Congress “ Sport, Stress, Adaptation” 17-19 May 2012, Sport & Science, Extra issue 2012, p. 140-143.

12. Tishinov, O., Albert, Е. (2012.a). Investigation of balance stability in the eastern asian marchial arts. Vth international scientific congress “Sport stress adaptation”. Journal Sport & Science (Extra issue), Part I, p. 74-80, Sofia, Bulgaria.


14. Trendafilov, D., & B. Dimitrova (2013). Aqua Spinning as anti-stress health prevention. Acts of Conference “Physical education and sport”. Montenegro, 2013, No 37-39 / XI, р. 454-460. ISSN 1451-7485 (9771-4517-48001).

15. Valev, Y. (2019). Anketno prouchvane za psikhofizicheskata podgotovka na ezdacha v distsiplinata izdrŭzhlivost v konniya sport. Mezhdunarodno nauchno spisanie za inovatsii Rekreativna &Wellness Industriya i Nishov Turizŭm, Sofia, Bulgaria, eISSN: 2603-493X (onlain, In Bulgaria). Vol.1,Iss.2, p. 28-36.


CONTACTS

Asia Stoycheva, PhD student Faculty of Public health, Health care and Tourism, National Sports Academy “V. Levski” Email: [email protected]



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SAUNA COMBINED WITH EXERCISES FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

OF INCORECT POSTURE

Ivelina Dimitrova

PhD student, National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Faculty of Public Health, Health Care and Tourism, Sofia, Bulgaria

Key Words: Sauna, physical exercises, spine, prophylactic, proper posture

INTRODUCTION

Caring for human health is a huge engagement of utmost

importance for the future of our nation and country. It is not necessary

to mention the connection between the health of a nation and its

successes in all fields of material and spiritual life. Concerning this we

say that human health is a priceless asset, in the protection of which

each of us must participate most responsibly and competently,

depending on our professional and social situation. During the last

decades sedentary lifestyle turns into an epidemic. Country’s health

systems, policymakers, stakeholders and society become aware that it is

necessary to be taken an actions immediately.(ex. Djobova et al., 2019)

The human, as a biological individual, has to adapt to the always-

changing environment of modern culture, the quickest changing

environmental factors affecting directly to the motor mode. Moreover,

the active regime in the technically advanced countries has an

unfavourable effect not only because of the lack of the movements but

also, above all, it causes static overload. (ex. Ignatova D., 2019)

The balance between the predominantly static postural and

phase muscles was disturbed to the detriment of the latter, with typical

disturbances of muscle regulation occurring. Characteristic of modern

lifestyles is that we load the motor system and spine more and more

static. Consequently, on the one hand, static disorders are becoming

increasingly important for productivity, and on the other hand, the static

overload of certain muscle groups is often a cause of motor stereotypes.

Terms such as "posture disorder" and "scoliosis" are of increasing

interest (ex. Prokopov I., 2018). Deviation from the “balance” between

the individual muscles, from the optimal model for movement due to


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our lifestyle, are too frequent and for that have great pathogenetic

significance.

Improper muscular regulation and exercise are the most

common causes of functional disorders in the motor system. Getting out

of poor motor mode is a regular exercise that compensates for lack of

movement, regular walks, hiking and swimming. Equally important is the

fight against obesity, especially since the two factors are often closely

linked: lack of movement supports obesity, and obesity obstructs

movement. In order to prevent the negative effects of bad posture and

spinal distortions on the human body, permanent preventive measures

are needed.

Prevention (from προφύλαξις - I protect, care) must be taken

care of not only by healthcare but also by the whole society.

Electromyographic and tonometric studies of the spinal muscles in

various postures (sitting, standing and lateral lying), made by

Golovinskaya (1950), have found interesting facts. In a calm, correct

posture (back seat), the back muscles showed bioelectric activity of

symmetrical character, ie. In maintaining the corpse, the muscles of both

halves are equally involved. In an incorrect posture (sitting, standing, or

carrying a bag in one hand), the dorsal musculature showed uneven

bioelectric activity, more pronounced on the convex side of the back,

that is, where the tension of one-half of the dorsal muscle increases, and

seeks to return the corpse to its proper position. Frequently repeated

incorrect posture when sitting in a chair, at work, when lying sideways,

when walking, etc., creates prerequisites for incorrect posture, which in

turn leads to a violation of muscle balance and later to spinal distortions

(Chernogorova, 1955).

Natural physical factors represent an important role in the

complex prophylactic and therapeutic program in case of bad posture.

Balneotherapy is widely used in Bulgaria.

Mineral waters have a therapeutic effect through their thermal,

chemical and mechanical effects. Common baths, medicinal baths,

underwater massage, etc. are applied. Weakly mineralized, sulphide,

radon and other mineral waters are used. The slightly mineralized

waters are those in Ovcha Kupel, the village of Banya (Pazardzhik), the


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village of Banya (Karlovsko), the Stara Zagora mineral baths and others.

Sulphides are the waters of Sapareva Banya, Kyustendil, Vonesh water

and others. Waters rich of radon is of Narechen, Pavel Banya, Momin

Pass Velingrad and others.

Water treatment recommends a bath with t 37.5 ° C for 10-15

minutes, underwater brush massage, underwater shower massage with

t 36-37 ° C and spray pressure 0.5-1.5 atmospheres, mineral baths with

radon, sulphide and hydrogen sulphide waters (Gatev, 1992).

Major use in prevention and treatment is the mud. It is indicated

for muscle spasm and contractures, persistent pain syndrome, trophic

disorders of the skin and muscles. It should be given with a stabilized

status and no inflammatory activity. It is applied by a mitigated

procedure (t of mud no more than 39-40 ° C, 15-20 min). The influence

of therapeutic mud applications, make the peripheral blood vessels

widen, microcirculation improves, muscle spasms resolve, muscle

contractures recede, trophic processes in the affected joints and muscles

are activated. The temperature of the applied mud must be adapted to

the stage of the disease.

Some authors recommend the sauna toward the prevention and

treatment of the musculoskeletal system. The sauna reduces the pain

and spasms of the muscles, the painful stiffness of the joints and release

the movements (Krauss, 1973; Matthew et al., 1983; Koenig, 1983;

Matthew et al., 1986, etc.). The therapeutic effectiveness is higher when

its use is balanced and combined with some physical factors (ex.

Ryazkova, 2000; Petkov, 2008 Kostov, 2018; Albert, 2017, etc.).

The therapeutic effect of the sauna is complemented by the

positive stress for the body, the activity of the adrenal gland is activated

and it releases cortisol in small quantities, which acts beneficial to the

body (ex. Dimitrova, 2012; Albert 2014).

The common thing about sauna and hot-air baths in the past was

that the heat source is hot stones. In the Middle Ages, the "sweating

stone" was spread during almost Europe, losing its popularity only in the

seventeenth century. The stream of the sauna during the Middle Ages

and later became Scandinavia and the Karelo-Finnish regions, northern

Russia, Siberia and Alaska. For most of the people, the sauna was a


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regular source of health, physical and spiritual regeneration and joy.

Over the centuries, observations have been gained about the positive

impact of the sauna on both the healthy and the sick people. Due to its

characteristics, the sauna has become excellent for prevention and

treatment.

In its nature, the sauna is a dry hot-air bath / with an air

temperature of 60 to 100-110 C and relative humidity of 5 to 15% /,

which produces heavy sweating and is combined with cold water or an

air procedure (St. Gatev, 1992). Based on the main characteristic feature

of the sauna - the high temperature / 60-110 C / and the low relative

humidity / 5-15% /, it is necessary to emphasize its advantages in

comparison with other popular types of baths / Russian steam bath,

Turkish bath and etc. /, particularly - the softness of the thermal effect

followed by its good tolerance on the part of the patient - the

procedure: a gentle form of training of the circulation and the

respiratory system: optimal and pleasant sweating: no irritating and

adverse effects on the skin: suitable for people who ill often.

The physiological impact of temperature is closely related to the

humidity in the sauna. The microclimatic conditions with increased

humidity in the sauna have a definite burdensome thermal impact on

the various systems of the human body and especially on the

musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, respiratory and

endocrine systems, as well as the thermoregulatory processes and

metabolism. Particularly emphasized is its beneficial effect on muscle

rigidity and joint contractures. The sauna eliminates the hypoxia of the

tissue structures and improves blood flow, reducing the morphological

changes of pathological nature in the tendon-fascial apparatus. It could

be considered as a pathogenetic method of treatment and renewal of

morphological structures (ex. St. Gatev, 1992; M.Lumba,1993)

monitored the effect of alternating a sauna (three times a week) with

kinesitherapy (two procedures a week) in 15 men hospitalized at Military

Hospital with spondylosis. The results compared with the control group

that performed daily computer tomography showed better management

of pain syndrome in the acute and subacute period of spondylosis and


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statistically significantly higher increase in the indicators of functionality

in the group conducted sauna and kinesitherapy.

The sauna registers the beneficial effects of the connective

tissue's physical characteristics - elasticity and softening ability,

especially in chronic muscle and joint processes. Under the influence of

the hot environment of the sauna, respectively under its microclimatic

conditions, the volume of movement in the joints of the limbs and spine

increases. These and its effects define it as an appropriate and quite

important treatment and prophylactic procedure for the

musculoskeletal system, with an obvious beneficial effect on the spine as

a whole. It can be performed as a separate procedure, as well as in

combination with other means, to influence the human body. The sauna

can be a previous procedure for more efficient carrying out of other

physical methods of influence on the human body - physical exercises,

therapeutic massage, physiotherapy and more.

METHODS

Tasks

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of

the sauna on some functional parameters of the spine.

Place of study - Center for kinesitherapy at Sofia University

“St. Kliment Ohridski" Sofia

Material and methods:

- 14 subjects (9 females and 5 males), randomly divided into two

groups (trial and control), with an average age of 38.25 ± 12.71 years;

- The subject of study: through centimetres and the Schober test,

we examined the mobility of the spine in the three dimensions, frontal,

sagittal and transversal, for flexion, extension and lateroflextion, from

sitting and standing.

Methodology

The methodology includes sauna and complex of exercises.

With all the participants in the study, we conducted a set of

physical exercises of a restorative nature, with an emphasis on exercises

for rotation of the spine. Classes were held twice a week for one hour

for two months.


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The difference in methodology in the two groups consisted of the

additional inclusion of a sauna in the experimental group. For them, the

additional remedy - sauna, was applied as a preparatory procedure

before the exercises for the spine. The stay in the sauna was twice for 10

to 15 minutes at an air temperature of 60-80 degrees. We did not use a

sauna in the control group.

RESULTS

The results of the initial study of vertebral mobility from standing

position indicate a limitation in both groups. The flexion deficit in the

patients in the experimental group is smaller compared to the extension,

and the lateral flexion is the same in both directions.

The result of the final study of mobility in the experimental group

shows that the improvement is evident in all four indicators, and the

differences are statistically significant.

From the analysis of the results received for the mobility of the

spine from sitting position in the experimental group, we found that in

all three planes the motions improved statistically. The most significant

change was lateroflexion left - by 4.12 cm (p <0.02), and least flexion - by

2.14 cm (p <0.05).

The control group showed positive changes, but only the

difference in flexion was statistically significant. The lateroflexion

improved most on the right - an average of 3.85 cm, but the difference is

not significant.

DISCUSSION

Changes in the mobility of the spine from sitting and standing in

the experimental group may be related to the use of a sauna in this

group before training with exercises for the spine. The control group also

noted improvement in the studied indicators, but the improvement was

less than in the experimental group.

From the results of the Schober test, a limitation of flexion and

extension movements was found in both groups. The latter study

showed a significant increase in mobility, but only for flexion was

statistically significant. In the control group, the improvement was much

less pronounced.


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The increase in mobility in the experimental group during the

flexion movement in the Schober test may be related to the sauna effect

in this group of persons previous to the exercises for the spine.

From the studied indicators, no statistically significant

differences were found in the first study of the two groups. At the end of

the study, statistically significant differences were noticed between the

two groups for the studied indicators. The test group is in better

condition in the last study. Indicators informing the functional state of

the spine were positively influenced by the sauna used in the

experimental group preceding the physical exercises for the spine.

CONCLUSIONS

From the comparison of first and final results, the following

conclusions can be determined:

1. In the experimental group, the use of a sauna combined with

exercise led to a positive effect on the functional state of the spine. The

improvement of the studied parameters in this group is from the mixed

application of a sauna and a complex of physical exercises for the spinal

column of corrective character.

2. In the control group, without the use of a sauna, we also

observe an improvement in the indicators, but slightly less pronounced.

The improvement of the studied indicators in this group is from the

application of a complex of physical exercises for the prevention and

correction of incorrect posture and spinal distortions.

REFERENCES 1. Albert E., M. Albert (2014). The role of gigong to develop specific performance judo”, Sport,

stress, adaptation extra issue ISSN 2367-458X, 2014. 2. Albert, M., E. Albert (2017). Study of the influence of the kinesitherapeutic complex on

cardiovascular parameters of visual impaired students. KNOWLEDGE, VOL 16.3, 2017, p- 1117 импакт фактор ИФ - 1.023

3. Dimitrova, B. N. Dede (2011). Акваспининг като антистресова превенция на здравето. Трета международна научна конференция: Оптимизация и иновации в учебно-тренировъчния процес. [Aqua spinning as anti-stressing health prevention. 3th International Scientific conference: Optimization and innovation in educational training process.] Сборник доклади, 2011, p.146-153, Department of Physical education and sport, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski.

4. Dimitrova, B. (2014). The enotherapy as an effective financial instrument for the wine tourism. International Scientific Conference for Tourism “SPA and wine”- part of the Culture corridor – cultural routes. Proceedings (p. 55-61). Blagoevgrad. Faculty of Economy, Tourism department. SW University.


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7. Gatev St., Bankov St., Busarov St. (1992) Rŭkovodstvo po fizikalna terapiya, Sofia, “Meditsina i fizkultura “// Гатев Ст., Банков Ст., Бусаров Ст. (1992) Ръководство по физикална терапия, София, Медицина и физкултура

8. Debruner KH. (1996) Ortopedichna diagnostika, Sofia, “Meditsina i fizkultura” // Дебрунер Х. (1996) Ортопедична диагностика, София, Медицина и физкултура

9. Djobova, S. et al. (2019) ‘Comparative Study of Measuring Physical Activity Among Sport Students’, (November), International Scientific Congress “Applied Sports Sciences” 2019, ISBN: 978-954-718-601-9.

10. Ignatova, D., "Motor Exercises of Corrective Character - A Means for Development of Physical Qualities in Working with Children in Kindergarten" - Annual of the Department of Sport, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski ”90 Years of Sport at Alma Mater, 2019. ISSN 1313 - 7417, pp. 140-155. //Игнатова, Д., „Двигателните упражнения с изправителен характер - средство за развитие на физически качества при работа с деца в детска градина“- Годишник на Департамент по спорт, Софийски университет „Св. Климент Охридски” 90 години спорт в Алма Матер, 2019. ISSN 1313 – 7417, стр. 140-155.

11. Karaneshev G. (1983) Teoriya i metodika na lechebnata fizkultura, Sofia, “Meditsina i fizkultura” // Каранешев Г. (1983) Теория и методика на лечебната физкултура, София, Медицина и физкултура

12. Karaneshev G., Chernogorova S., Tsakova G., (1955) Izpravitelna gimnastika. Sofia, “Meditsina i fizkultura”// Каранешев Г., Черногорова С., Цакова Г., (1955) Изправителна гимнастика. София, Медицина и физкултура

13. Kostov K. (2018) Profilaktika i korektsiya na nepravilnoto telodŭrzhane. UI „Sv. Kliment Okhridski“, Sofiya, str.10,124,136, ISBN 978-954-07-4418-6 //Костов К. (2018) Профилактика и корекция на неправилното телодържане. Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“, София, стр.10,124,136, ISBN 978-954-07-4418-6

14. Prokopov, I. "Basic guidelines for posture correction and prevention of school injuries". Monograph. "UNWE Publishing Complex" 2018, 205 pp. ISBN 978-619-232-059-1//Прокопов, И. „Основни насоки за корекция на позата и профилактика на училищния травматизъм”. Монография. „издателски комплекс-УНСС” 2018, 205 стр. ISBN 978-619-232-059-1

CONTACTS

Ivelina Dimitrova, PhD student Faculty of Public health, Health care and Tourism, National Sports Academy “V. Levski” Email: [email protected] Mob.: 0886953575



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STATE OF HEALTH SURVEY OF MEDICAL SPECIALISTS

PRACTISING MASSAGE

Albert, Mariana

Head Ass., PhD, Tutor in “Rehabilitation Therapist“ & “Маsseur“ Меdical University, Medical College “Y. Filaretova”, Sofia, Bulgaria

Key Words: Work health conditions, medical specialists, kinesitherapeutic

program, prevention of occupational diseases.

INTRODUCTION

Every sphere of human work is a specific variety of socially

determined people’s activities (Tishinov et al., 2012; Varbanov et al.,

2015; Dimitrova, 2018; Trendafilov et al., 2013). During most part of our

conscious life, each one of us does his/her office duties. Long practice of

different medical specialties is at certain extent a risky factor for health.

A considerable role for its keeping has had safety and health conditions

of labor and modern ergonomic equipment (Tishinov et al., 2012.a;

Dimitrova, 2018.a).

Achieving good professional results by medical specialists is

naturally connected with their state of health (Tishinov, 1987). Keeping

the body in condition during one’s career is obtained by ergonomic

utilization of various professional techniques.

In 27 countries members of the European Union musculoskeletal

diseases (MSD) are among most frequently found professional damages,

as including also carpal tunnel syndrome, they comprise 59% of all

acknowledged occupational diseases, covered by the European statistics

in 2019 (EU Report, 2019).

According to associate professor Veneta Kostova, “St. Ivan Rilski”

MHAL, Sofia – national consultant in occupational diseases – there has

been observed tendency in most industrial countries for constant

increase of work absences and invalidation because of musculoskeletal

diseases (EC, 2020). МSD have been acknowledged as priority by the

countries members of EU as well as the European social partners.

Occupational musculoskeletal diseases do not have bad prognosis


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referring life, but besides that their social importance is substantial due

to the following reasons: they take leading part in the structure of

professional rate; have high frequency and spread; easily acquire a

chronic-recurrent run of course; affect people at active labor age and

with considerable professional experience and qualifications (usually 35

– 55); may lead in numerous cases extended temporary invalidity and

even invalidation; have considerable presence as nosology in healthcare

of developed industrial countries (ЕU, the USA, Canada, Australia). Stress

connected with work and its consequences on health has provoked great

concern.

Like other medical staff, masseurs are often “guilty” for

unfavorable changes that have occurred in their organisms. Among filled

in schedules, care of patients or clients and excessive desire for making a

good name in the branch and a better career, they do not allow

themselves even the least extension of time, each relaxation has been

considered as a wrong step. In Jim Benkomo’s opinion (2004) elimination

of self-care has an effect of dominoes. „Poor nutrition leads to stress,

which leads to bad sleep, which leads to exhaustion and finally to career

burning” (Bencomo et al., 2004).

Medical specialists should also pay attention to themselves as

they really do to their patients in order to keep their health and working

capacity (Kirch et al., 2016.). Everybody should choose the right lifestyle

and means for prevention of occupational diseases. The simplest way to

keep good state of health is by systematic physical activities. It is an

effective means for successful and long-lasting professional activity.

The present survey was conducted during the period 2018-2019

with masseurs, rehabilitation therapists, kinesitherapists and doctors in

dental medicine, working in private surgeries, SPА-centres, DCC and

MHAT in Sofia, St. Zagora and Varna.

The subjects of study were 120 respondents (30 from each

specialty). Screening study was applied to 120 respondents. They were

distributed into two groups – an experimental group (EG) and a control

group (CG). The experimental group has been comprised of 30 people,

dealing systematically with kinesitherapeutic program, where there have

been included elements from yoga and chi gong, modified and added by


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us. The classes with the experimental group were held three times a

week for learning and mastering the complexes. The task of the

respondents was to do them daily within 4 months.

RESULTS

The carried out inquiry consists of 9 questions.

In the experimental group (ЕG) the average age is 37.47 years, and in the

control group (CG) is 44.12 years. The average height in both groups is

with similar figures with difference of one centimeter for CG, as well as

average weight with difference of one kilogram for CG. The biggest

difference is in the length of service approximately 14 years for EG and

20 years for CG (Table 1).

The date from the inquiry shows that in both groups 38% work in private

surgeries, 39% from the control group and 28% from the ЕG work in

hospitals, 18% from ЕG and 11% from CG are in DCC, in spa hotels work

16% from ЕG and 12% from the control group. Totally in private sector

there have been hired a little bit more than half of the participants.

Таble 1. Statistic results of EG for age, height, weight and service

Statistics Age Height Weight Length of service

Valid replies 30 30 30 30

Missing replies 0 0 0 0

Average 37.47 172.07 77.02 13.87

Standard error of Average 1.918 1.948 3.153 1.885

Median 35.00 170.00 80.00 11.00

Moda 35 165 55 5

Standard error 10.507 10.670 17.271 10.325

Group = experimental

The received results show reduction of average weight of 77.2 кgs

to 76.07 kgs after four months’ systematic implementation of the

kinesitherapeutic program without changes in dietary regime. All

variable quantities have normal distribution. To the question “How do

you feel at the end of the workday?” the statistics analysis of the results

has indicated that in both groups one third of the studied people have

been tired at the end of the workday per 33.3%, in the experimental

group the overstrained have been more than in the control group and

only 6.7% have felt good after work in comparison with 14.4% for the

control group (diagram № 1 - CG and 1а - ЕG).


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Diagram 1 and 1а Replies to the question “How do you feel at the

end of the workday?” The statistics analysis of the results of the

question “Do you have pains in your spinal column?” shows that they

are most frequently located in the lumbar region: 40% for ЕG and 44%

for the CG; on the second place is cervical region with bigger affection of

30% in ЕG and 17% for CG as well as thoracic region respectively with

26.7% for EG and 15.5% for CG. There are affirmative replies for pains in

the pelvis 7.7% only in CG. The obtained results have been close to well-

known ones (Bozhinov, 2016; Maslarov, 2016; Popov, 2009). It makes an

impression bigger percentage in the cervical region which is most

probably connected with working posture and usage of computers. The

question “Do your arms hurt?” is of substantial importance for the

survey. The initial results indicated pains in the shoulder joints in one

third of the participants in both groups. Pains in the wrists are with

greater percentage in EG (Diagrams 2 and 2а). Statistics data have shown

that 33.3% from CG and 20% from ЕG do not have pains in their arms.

After carrying out the experiment this percentage reached up to 70% in

ЕG.

Diagrams 2. and 2а . Replies to the question “Do your arms hurt?”

15%

31% 33%

21%

How do you feel at the end of the workday? CG

goodslightly tiredtiredoverstrained

20%

37% 10%

33%

0% “Do your arms hurt?” EG

No shoulder elbow wrist,

33%

39%

11%

17%

“Do your arms hurt?” - CG

No shoulder elbow wrist,


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During the statistics analysis by comparison of the results,

received by the inquiry in a crosstable, there is ascertained statistically

considerable dependency regarding: pains in arms, damaging habits,

maintenance with exercises, spent time for exercices Table №2.

Таble 2. Statistic results of a cross table

As for the question “Do your legs hurt?” the lowest are the

percentages of platypodia in both groups -10%, followed by pains in

ankles with similar figures 14% and 16%. Problems in coxas are twice

more in CG - 23%, and in ЕG problems in knees are approximately twice

as many – 27%. There is determined dependency that workers in

hospitals have more frequently problems in coxas and those, working in

DCC and private surgeries in their knees.

Statistics study ascertaind that more than half of the respondents

do not report about damaging habits. The mostly widespread is smoking

in both sexes with equal results in both groups.To a different extent

alcohol consumption is included - 8.9% for CG and 3.3% for ЕG, as

overeating has a bigger percentage in both groups. After

implementation of the physical program there is restored dietry regime

of the participants, but smoking remained as a lasting damaging habit.

[2].

Modern man has been subjected to a larger nervous pressure and

in wishing to achieve his ambitions he loses his sense of self-

Test Statisticsa,b

D

o y

ou

hav

e

dam

agin

g

hab

its?

D

o y

ou

ke

ep

you

r b

od

y w

ith

ph

ysic

al

exer

cise

s?

Ho

w d

o y

ou

rest

ore

yo

ur

ener

gy

bal

ance

? H

ow

mu

ch

tim

e w

ou

ld y

ou

spen

d o

n

reco

very

?

Do

yo

u h

ave

any

pro

ble

ms

wit

h s

leep

?

Do

yo

u r

eco

ver

fast

aft

er

a

har

d w

ork

day

? D

o y

ou

hav

e

any

of

the

liste

d c

ogn

itiv

e

sym

pto

ms?

Chi-

Square

3,190 1,296 4,863 7,755 9,298 10,187 2,281

df 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Asymp.

Sig.

,363 ,730 ,182 ,050 ,026 ,017 ,516

a. Kruskal Wallis Test

b. Grouping Variable: Do your arms hurt?

p<0,05

There is statistically

considerable dependency


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75

preservation. As a result of all that Burn out syndrome has been

developed in 42.2% from CG and 30% from ЕG.The process has been

developed and deepened imperceptibly. [3].

As for the question “Do you keep your body with physical

exercises?” it was determined that only 13.3% from CG and 3.3% from

EG medical specialists do sports. They do most often exercises during

their holidays or if necessary. In both groups for frequent sports

activities the respondents have marked 11% for CG and 13% for ЕG. They

do not do any sports 46.67% from the CG and 20% from ЕG. The reasons

for those results is work pressure of work and accumulated physical and

psychic fatigue at the end of the workday.

Diagram 3. and 3а. Replies to the question “Do you keep your body with

physical exercises?”

DISCUSSION:

Modern life has been creating preconditions for systemic

hypodynamics.

In the struggle for fast professional growth and overcoming of

rivalry, lots of medical specialists underestimate and do not pay

20%

64%

13% 3%

Do you keep your body with physical exercises? EG

No Sometimes Often Yes

17%

80%

3%

Do you keep your body with physical exercises? after 4 m. EG

Sometimes Often Yes


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attention to offered prophylactic measures for prevention of

musculoskeletal diseases.

It has been noted during carrying out the inquiry that most of the

respondents have announced that they have needed such program but

they have been too busy and have not had free time for systematic

activities. The results indicated that more and more young people are

affected. After being acquainted with the kinesitherapeutic program and

its systematic application within four months, the participants changed

their lifestyle in favor of systematic physical activities.

The obtained results proved the decisive role of physical activity as

prevention of the most frequent pathology – musculoskeletal diseases.

Diseases from which can be affected workers in all sectors and

professions. Besides their influence upon the staffs’ health, they cause

high expenses for companies and the whole society.

CONCLUSION

For good prevention of musculoskeletal diseases it is necessary to

be formed duly healthy habits, good motive activity as well as to be

given information to future medical specialists how to protect

themselves from that problem.

REFERENCES 1. Bencomo J, Paz C, Liebster E. (2004). Personality traits, psychological adjustment, and burnout

syndrome in nursing staff in Investigation Clinic, 2004 2. Bozhinov P. Muskulno-skeletni razstroistva pri lekarite po dentalna meditsina, svŭrzani s

dentalnata praktika i tyakhnata profilaktika. Avangard Prima, 2016, s. 9-12,ISBN 978-619-160-714

3. Doklad na EK (2020). Sŭstoyanie na zdraveopazvaneto v ES: poveche zashtita i profilaktika za po-dŭlŭg zhivot v po-dobra zdrave. „Bŭlgariya dava nai-mnogo pari za lekarstva i bolnitsi, a lipsva profilaktika“. [In Bulgarian]. (България дава най-много пари за лекарства и болници, а липсва профилактика“. (Availible on : 2020, 01.09.

4. EU Repeort (2019). Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: prevalence, costs and demographics in the EU (Availible on: 15.11.2019).

5. Kirch, Darrell GG, MD. “A Word From the President: Caring for Ourselves, Caring for Each Other.” AAMC, 6 Sept. 2016. Web. 01 Feb.

6. Maslarov, D. Miofastsialni bolki i fibromialgiya. Zdrave i nauka, VÍ, 2, 2016, s. 24-28 7. Popov, N. Kineziologiya i patokineziologiya na dvigatelniya aparat. NSA-PRES, Sofiya, 2009, s. 139-142



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9. Popov, N. (2009). Kinesiology and pathokinesiology of the motor apparatus. NSA-PRESS, Sofia, 2009, pp. 139-142


11. Tishinov, O., M. Gikova, Iva Zareva (2012). “Comparative analysis of the morphological features of gymnasts and sport dances athletes”, Proceeding book of XVI International Scientific Congress “Olympic Sports and Sport for All” and VI International Scientific Congress “ Sport, Stress, Adaptation” 17-19 May 2012, Sport & Science, Extra issue 2012, p. 140-143.

12. Tishinov, O., Albert, Е. (2012.a). Investigation of balance stability in the eastern asian marchial arts. Vth international scientific congress “Sport stress adaptation”. Journal Sport & Science (Extra issue), Part I, p. 74-80, Sofia, Bulgaria.

13. Trendafilov, D., & B. Dimitrova (2013). Aqua Spinning as anti-stress health prevention. Acts of Conference “Physical education and sport”. Montenegro, 2013, No 37-39 / XI, р. 454-460. ISSN 1451-7485 (9771-4517-48001).


CONTACTS:

Assoc. Prof. Mariana Albert, PhD

Medical College for Health “D-r Filaretova”, Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected] Mobile/Viber: (+359) 893396597



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CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME – ECONOMIC IMPACT

Lyubov-Mileni Petrova

National Sports Academy "Vasil Levski", Sofia, Bulgaria, Dep. "Theory and Methods of Kinesitherapy",

Key Words: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), insomnia, muscle pain,

treatment, economic losses

INTRODUCTION

Fatigue is a common complaint in the general and active population with

reported prevalence ranging from 7% to 45% (Katz, 2009; Bültmann, 2002).

Fatigue is a condition that may vary from a mild form that is commonly seen in

society to a severe form such as CFS (Chew-Graham, 2011; Peters, 2012). CFS is

characterized by persistent, medically unexplained fatigue combined with

symptoms such as musculoskeletal pain, sleep disorders, headaches, and

disorders of concentration and short-term memory (Moss-Morris , 2015). CFS is

a severe health issue (Yancey, 2012).

Due to the aforesaid, a documentary analysis of publications over a 10

years period was carried out (2007-2017). The publications were extracted

from the databases MedLine, Embase, PubMed, and searched by keywords:

“chronic fatigue syndrome”, “economic losses”. In order to collect local data in

Bulgaria, we conducted a survey and reported absence from work due to

chronic fatigue.

METHODS

The objective of our work is to assess the economic burden and losses in

different countries as a result of chronic fatigue syndrome affect in the active

population.

The tasks we set were:

To conduct a survey among 100 people to evaluate the impact of chronic

fatigue on absences from work; from the results, analysis and comparison, to

prepare conclusions and make recommendations for the practice

Research group: documentary analysis of publications over a 10 years period

was carried out (2007-2017). The publications were extracted from the


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databases MedLine, Embase, PubMed, and searched by keywords: “chronic

fatigue syndrome”, “economic losses”. Survey was conducted through

https://www.surveymonkey.com among 100 Bulgarians at age of between 20-60.

RESULTS

The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a condition that is exhausting and costly

in terms of health care utilization, and also represents a significant economic

burden for patients and their families (Collin, 2011; Assefi, 2011).

The economic impact of the disease is usually evaluated in terms of direct and

indirect costs. The first one are representing the direct medical costs, including

hospital, ambulatory, recipe drugs, OTC drugs, laboratory test. Indirect costs

include transportation, loss of productivity, caregiving services from family

members, friends or others. The total annual value of loss of productivity in

the United States is $ 9.1 billion, equivalent to about $ 20,000 per person

affected by CFS.

Study of people with and without fatigue, identifies differences were found in

the employment rate, and these data indicate significant declines in

employment resulting from CFS in individuals of both genders and across all

age groups.

Reported is a 54% decrease in working capacity among people with CFS and

27% reduction in employment due to CFS (total women and men) (Kenneth,

2004; Leonard, 2008).

The national losses of USA from CFS are resulting in $9,1billion comparable to

those evaluated for other diseases affecting the digestive system ($ 8.4 billion),

infectious and parasitic diseases ($ 10.0 billion), compromising immunity ($ 5.5

billion), disorders of the nervous system (6.4 $ billion) and skin diseases ($ 1.3

billion) (Assefi, 2011).

Children may also be severely affected, but those whose symptoms are mild to

moderate have a better prognosis than adults. The early onset of CFS

significantly reduces the educational opportunities of the individual, which in

turn leads to a secondary, indirect effect on income and employment. Taking

into account the effect of early onset of CFS on education significantly

increases the amount of productivity losses and suggests that a major part of

https://www.surveymonkey.com/


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the economic burden of the disease may result from interruption of education

or impairment of the individual's ability to learn and memorize (Carruthers,

2011).

The annual estimated loss on individual and nation level in Wichita, Kansas is

between 12,000 to $ 28,000 per individual and $ 5.5 billion to $ 12.7 on

national level respectively (Reynolds, 2004).

DISCUSSION

In Illinois, Chicago, these findings indicate that patients, their families, and the

community at large have high economic costs associated with CFS. A study

evaluated the direct economic impact of the CFS, resulting in average annual

value of $ 2,342 to $ 8,675 per patient.

Diagram 1. Findings indicate that patients have high economic costs associated

with CFS (Illinois, Chicago)

Around 70% of those interviewed with CFS reported more difficulty in

work performing or other activities versus the control group (13.3%).

Participants with CFS are more likely to need help from a professional to get

employment, as opposed to controls (40% vs. 0%). A significantly higher

percentage of ME/CFS participants compared to controls receive disability

income (19% vs. 0%), are unemployed (23.8% vs. 6.7%), or working a part-time

job (19% vs. 6.7%) (Jason, 2008).

Study results in Georgia, USA evaluate the direct and indirect costs of

CFS and the impact on educational level. The analyzed cases show that chronic

fatigue syndrome can lead to a significant increase in health care costs and a

decrease in individual income. Studies show that up to 2.5% of the elderly

population can suffer from CFS. In Georgia, with about 5.5 million people

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

reported more difficulty performing…

might need help from a professional in…

receiving disability income

unemployed

working part-time

working full-time

Control group

Group with CFS


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between the ages of 18 and 59, the disease could amount to $ 452 million of

total health care costs and $ 1.2 billion in lost productivity (Lin, 2011).

People affected by CFS have significantly increased medical expenses and

reduced incomes compared to those who are not affected with CFS. These

economic costs amount to $ 11,780 a year. Productivity loss represents 82% of

the total cost of CFS, with almost half of the productivity loss being due to

lower employment rates or inefficient presence.

Diagram 2: Visualization of the direct medical costs

The direct medical costs related to CFS are $ 3226 and the indirect costs

due to loss of productivity are $ 8554 (Kenneth, 2004).

Table 1. The current employment status that has been registered

Diagram 3. The costs are at amount of £22,3 million for the affected people

costs related to ambulatory healthcare visits (physician, dentist, nurse practitioner, therapist,chiropractor, etc)

Prescription drugs

other expenses

"Currently working" 40,7%

"Suspended due to symptoms associated with fatigue" 16,2%

"Terminated permanently due to symptoms associated with fatigue" 34,0%

"Other" 9,1%

Yes

No

Not as far as I know

Yes

No

Not as far

as I know


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A UK CFS study was conducted on the length of illness of patients

without being diagnosed, the duration of unemployment, age, sex and

number of patients, with income and population data provided by Office

for National Statistics. The loss of productivity was evaluated in UK.

Around 2170 patients were enrolled, of whom 1,669 (76.9%) were women.

The mean age of men and women is 41.4 years and 38.6 years,

respectively. The current employment status that has been registered is

shown in Table 1.

Diagram 4. The results from first question

Do you suffer from any of the following diseases and / or addictions:

cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, serious lung disease, diabetes,

neurological diseases, severe disease of liver, kidney and hematopoietic

system, thrombocytopenia and impaired blood clotting function, mental illness

Alzheimer's disease or cancer, alcohol / drug addiction? The results from first

question are displaying (diagram 3) that 4% of the respondents have a disease

that could be a cause of chronic fatigue.

Аre you being absent from work due to feeling of intolerable fatigue?

From the results (diagram 4) we established that 51% of the respondents don't

need to be absent from work due to chronic fatigue, 23% can’t afford to be

absent even they need to. Their work capacity and efficiency in the workplace

are certainly limited.

Never happened to me

It rarely happens to me

It often happens to me

I need but can’t afford it

Other

Never happened

to me

It rarely happens

to me

It often happens

to me

I need but can’t

afford it

Other


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CONCLUSIONS

Chronic fatigue, like many other chronic diseases, results in a disability that

is associated with financial losses, often greater than the costs associated

with treatment. These results show that employers are interested

participants in the search for better diagnosis and appropriate treatment

for chronic fatigue. Reduced work capacity is not reflected in salaries, and

is often accompanied by work absence and health insurance costs which

are covered by the employer.

Based on the review of economic data regarding the economic losses due

to CFS in different countries, it can be concluded that chronic fatigue leads

to regular absence from work and is associated with significant, national

and individual costs. Analyzes and strategies are needed to reduce financial

losses and improve patients' quality of life. Improving diagnosis and

understanding of "best practices" in primary medical care can lead to

better outcomes and savings of health resources.

The value of economic burden of CFS is demonstrating again the necessity

of identify the cause of the occurrence as well as the potential therapies to

achieve effective control and treatment of the symptoms of CFS. Analyzes

and strategies are needed to improve the quality of life of patients and

reduce major financial losses for the individual patient and the community.

References

1. Katz BZ, Shiraishi Y, Mears CJ, Binns HJ, Taylor R. Chronic fatigue syndrome following

infectious mononucleosis in adolescents. Pediatrics (2009) 124(1):189–

93.10.1542/peds.2008-1879 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref].

2. Bültmann U, Kant IJ, Kasl SV, et al. Fatigue and psychological distress in the working

population: psychometrics, prevalence and correlates. н.м.: J Psychosom Res, 2002.

3. Chew-Graham C, Brooks J, Wearden A, Dowrick C, Peters S. Factors influencing

engagement of patients in a novel intervention for CFS/ME: a qualitative study. Prim

Health Care Res Dev. 2011;12:112–122. doi: 10.1017/S146342361000037X. [PubMed]

[Cross Ref]. .

4. Peters S, Wearden A, Morriss R, Dowrick C, Lovell K, Brooks J, Cahill G, Chew-Graham

C. Challenges of nurse delivery of psychological interventions for long-term conditions

in primary care: a qualitative exploration of the case of chronic fatigue syndrome.

5. Moss-Morris R, Deary V, Castell B. Синдром на хроничната умора. Handb Clin

Neurol. 2015. 2013110: 303-14. doi: 10.1016 / B978-0-444-52901-5.00025-3 .


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6. Yancey JR, Thomas SM; Chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam

Physician. 2012 Oct 1586(8):741-6.

7. Collin SM, Crawley E, May MT, Sterne JAC, Hollingworth W. The impact of CFS/ME on

employment and productivity in the UK: a cross-sectional study based on the CFS/ME

national outcomes database. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:217. doi: 10.1186/1472-

6963-11.

8. Assefi NP, Coy TV, Uslan D, Smith RW, Buchwald D. Financial, occupational, and

personal consequences of disability in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and

fibromylagia compared to other fatiguing conditions. J Rheumatol. 2011;30(4):804–808.

[PubMed].

9. Kenneth J Reynolds, Suzanne D Vernon, Ellen Bouchery, William C Reeves. The

economic impact of chronic fatigue syndrome. Published online 2004 Jun 21. doi:

10.1186/1478-7547-2-4.

10. Leonard A Jason, Mary C Benton, Lisa Valentine, Abra Johnson, Susan Torres-

Harding. The Economic impact of ME/CFS: Individual and societal costs. Published

online 2008 Apr 8. doi: 10.1186/1476-5918-7-6.

11. Carruthers BM, van de Sande MI, De Meirleir KL, et al; Myalgic encephalomyelitis:

International Consensus Criteria. J Intern Med. 2011 Oct270(4):327-38. doi:

10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x. Epub 2011 Aug 22.

12. Reynolds KJ, Vernon SD, Bouchery E, Reeves WC: The economic impact of chronic

fatigue syndrome. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation. 2004, 2: 4-13.

10.1186/1478-7547-2-4.

13. Jason LA, Benton MC, Valentine L, Johnson A, Torres-Harding S: The economic

impact of ME/CFS: individual and societal costs. Dyn Med. 2008, 7: 6-10.1186/1476-

5918-7-6.

14. Lin J-M, Resch S, Brimmer D, Johnson A, Kennedy S, et al. The economic impact of

chronic fatigue syndrome in Georgia: direct and indirect costs. Cost Eff Resour Alloc.

2011;9:1. doi: 10.1186/1478-7547-9-1. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref].

CONTACTS:

Lyubov-Mileni Petrova National Sports Academy "Vasil Levski", Department "Theory and Methods of Kinesitherapy" Scientific supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bogdana Ilinova, Ph.D. Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected]

New Books on the field you cane download at:

https://scjournal.globalwaterhealth.org/current-issue/



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EDITOR IN CHIEF:

Prof. Bistra Dimitrova, D.Sc. (Bulgaria)

Online Scientific Journal Biannual edition Editor “BCHWST” Language: English

Scientific field: Recreative Industry & Wellness Science

Thematic field: Smart Innovations

Applied field: Niche tourism

Design: Eleonore Tchakarova & Verginie Tchakarova

Bulgaria, Sofia,

(July-December) 2019

Vol.1, Issue 2

ISSN: 2603-4921

Date post:	27-Apr-2020
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