Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Um Brasil que dá gosto PEST RISK ANALYSIS ON INVASIVE ALIEN...

Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia

Um Brasil que dá gosto

PEST RISK ANALYSIS ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES

THAT THREATEN BRAZILIAN BIOLOGICAL

DIVERSITY

Martins, O.M.; Oliveira, M.R.V. de; Tenente, R.C.V.; Návia, D.; Mendes, M.A.S.; Batista, M.F; Carneiro, R.M.D.G.

Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, C.P. 02372, CEP 70970-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.

Email: [email protected]

International Plant Health Risk Analysis Workshop24 - 28 October 2005, Niagara Falls, Canada



OVERVIEW

BRAZIL’S POSITION TOWARDS INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS

WHERE I COME FROM?

INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND RESULTS OF THE PROJECT



Brazil

highest number of diversity species

Protection of cultivated and natural flora, from direct and indirect

damage, by pests or invasive alien species

•Ministry of Environment (MMA)

•Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA)



Ratification of the Convention of Biological Diversity – CBD

United Nations Conference on Development and Environment - Rio de Janeiro, June 5th, 1992.

RELEVANCE OF THE IPPC AND THE CBD TO BRAZIL

Giving responsibility to the Ministry of Environment (MMA) of protecting the biological

diversity

Designation No 2.519, of March 16th, 1998 as a Member of CBD



Acts of Plant Defense and Inspection:

Designation No 24.114, of April 12th, 1934 and complementary designations.

RELEVANCE OF THE IPPC AND THE CBD TO BRAZIL

Ratification of the International Plant Protection Convention – IPPC: Designation No 318, of 1991.

Protection of cultivated and natural flora

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA)



National Agriculture Research Enterprise (EMBRAPA)

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA)

Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotecnology

Federal enterprise with 37 research centers



R&D PROJECTS AND STAFF

Projects being coordinated by the Unity: 34

Total of employees : 288 Researchers: 120

Technical support: 78 Administrative support: 70



RESEARCH TEMATIC GROUPS

Genetic Resources

Biotechnology

Biosecurity

Biological Control



COLD CHAMBER

PLANT GERMPLASM CONSERVATION

PLANT GERMPLASM COLECTION

GENETIC RESOURCES TEMATIC RESEARCH GROUP

FUNGAL BIOHERBICIDE



BIOINSECTICIDE AGAINST MOSQUITOES

BIOINSECTICIDE AGAINST LOCUSTS

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL TEMATIC RESEARCH GROUP



EXOTIC AND OR ECONOMIC PESTS INTERCEPTED AT THE PLANT GERMPLASM QUARANTINE STATION

Products Origin Pests

Blackberry Estados Unidos Coniothyrium sp. Grape Portugal Fusariella sp. Grape Portugal Mycosphaerella sp. Melon Espanha Drechslera sp. Melon Holanda Drechslera sp. Melon França Drechslera bicolor Melon Holanda Ditylenchus emus Potato França Phoma exigua var. foveata Rice Colômbia Curvularia tuberculata Wheat Polônia Tilletia controversa Wheat Polônia Tilletia laevis Bromelia Colômbia Ditylenchus khani Bromelia Colômbia Tylenchocriconema alleni Bromelia Colômbia Aphelenchoides sp. Wood packaging China Monochamus alternatus Wood packaging Malásia Heterobostrychus aequalis Wood packaging Alemanha Hesperophanes sp.



National Program of Biological Diversity (PRONABIO)

Designation No 1.354, December, 29th, 1994.

Ministry of Environment

Conservation and Use of Biological Diversity Project (PROBIO)



Alien species causing impact on agricultural production systems and natural areas:

•PRA guidance of the ISPM no 11 (FAO, 2001)

•Semiquantitive model developed by Oliveira & Paula (2002).

Data Collection and Analysis



Project’s Results

Insects: 12

Bacteria: 12

Virus/Viroids: 17

Mites: 12

Nematodes: 17

Fungi: 23

95 organisms



Species Taxonomy Aculus schlechtendali Prostigmata: Eriophyidae African cassava mosaic virus Geminiviridae; Begomovirus Aleurocanthus woglumi Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae Aleurodicus dispersus Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae Amphitetranychus viennensis Prostigmata:Tetranychidae Anastrepha suspensa Diptera, Tephritidae Anguina sp. (juveniles) Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Apiosporina morbosa Ascomycota, Venturiaceae Bactrocera carambolae Diptera, Tephritidae Banana bunchy top virus Nanoviridae; Babuvirus Barley stripe mosaic Virus Hordeiviridae; Hordeivirus Brevipalpus chilensis Prostigmata:Tenuipalpidae Cacao swollen shoot virus Caulimoviridae; Badnavirus Cadang cadang viroid Pospiviroidae; Cocadviroid Calacarus citrifolii Prostigmata: Eriophyidae Ceroplastes rubens Hemiptera, Coccidae Chaetocnema basalis Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae Cheiracus sulcatus Prostigmata: Diptilomiopidae Chondrostereum purpureum Basidiomycota, Meruliaceae Clavibacter iranicus Actinobacteria; Microbacteriaceae Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus Actinobacteria; Microbacteriaceae Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis Actinobacteria; Microbacteriaceae Clavibacter sepedonicus subsp. sepedonicus Actinobacteria, Microbacteriaceae Clavibacter tritici Actinobacteria; Microbacteriaceae Colletotrichum kahawae Ascomycota, Phyllachoraceae Cryptaphelenchus sp. (juveniles) Nematoda, Aphelenchida, Ektaphelenchidae Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus Tobamovirus Cucumber vein yellowing virus Potyviridae; Ipomovirus (tentative member)

Invasive alien species that are likely to follow pathways and that can be introduced into the country during agricultural trade.




Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens Actinobacteria, Microbacteriaceae Cydia pommonella Lepidoptera, Tortricidae *Ditylenchus dipsaci Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus emus Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus equalis Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus intermedius Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus khani Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus medicaginis Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus nortoni Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus obesus Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus parvus Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus terricolus Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus triformis Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Erwinia amylovora Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae Eutetranychus orientalis Prostigmata: Tetranychidae Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. radicis lycopersici Ascomycota, Nectriaceae) Gibberella fujikuroi Ascomycota, Nectriaceae Gibberella xylarioides Ascomycota, Nectriaceae **Globodera sp. Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Heteroderidae Guignardia bidwellii Ascomycota, Botryosphaeriaceae Guinea grass mosaic virus Potyviridae; Potyvirus Gymnosporangium Basidiomycota, Pucciniaceae Hemileia coffeicola Basidiomycota, Incertae sedis Monilinia fructigena Ascomycota, Sclerotiniaceae Maconellicoccus hirsutus Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae




Maize streak virus Geminiviridae; Mastrevirus Melon necrotic spot virus Tombusviridae; Carmovirus Moniliophthora roreri Basidiomycota, Tricholomataceae Nectria galligena Ascomycota, Nectriaceae Oncobasidium theobromae Basidiomycota, Ceratobasidiaceae Pantoea stewartii Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriaceae Phoma exigua var. foveata Ascomycota, Incertae sedis Phoma tracheiphila Ascomycota, Incertae sedis Phytophthora boehmeriae Oomycota, Pythiaceae Phytophthora erythroseptica Oomycota, Pythiaceae Plum pox virus Potyviridae; Potyvirus Potato mop top virus Furovirus Potato spindle tuber viroid Pospiviroidae; Pospiviroid Pratylenchus crenatus Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Pratylenchidae Premnotrypes vorax Coleoptera, Curculionidae Prostephanus truncatus Coleoptera, Bostrichidae Prune dwarf virus Bromoviridae; Ilarvirus Raoiella indica Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae Scirtothrips dorsalis Thysanoptera, Thripidae Squash leaf curl virus Geminiviridae; Begomovirus Stagonospora sacchari Ascomycota, Incertae sedis Steneotarsonemus spinki Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae




Sternochetus mangiferae Coleoptera, Curculionidae Sugarcane fiji disease virus Reoviridae; Fijivirus Synchytrium endobioticum Chytridiomycota, Synchytriaceae Tetranychus mcdanieli Prostigmata: Tetranychidae Tetranychus pacificus Prostigmata: Tetranychidae Thecaphora solani Basidiomycota, Glomosporiaceae Tilletia controversa Basidiomycota, Tilletiaceae Tilletia indica Basidiomycota, Tilletiaceae Tomato ringspot virus Comoviridae; Nepovirus ***Trichodorus sp. (juveniles) Nematoda, Adenophorea, Triplonchida, Trichodoridae Trogoderma granarium Coleoptera, Dermestidae Urocystis agropyri Basidiomycota, Urocystaceae Xanthomonas cassavae Gammaproteobacteria, Xanthomonadaceae Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Gammaproteobacteria, Xanthomonadaceae Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola Gammaproteobacteria, Xanthomonadaceae ***Xiphinema sp. (juveniles) Nematoda, Adenophorea, Dorylaimida, Longidoridae Xylophilus ampelinus Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadaceae



Species Position as invasive Ecolocgical Distribution Ecosystems

Impact

Potential Present Agrícola Natural Urban Economic Environ mental

Social

Aleurodicus dispersus YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Anastrepha suspensa YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Bactrocera carambolae YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Aleurocanthus woglumi YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Ceroplastes Rubens YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Chaetocnema basalis YES YES YES YES YES Maconellicoccus hirsutus YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Premnotrypes vorax YES YES YES YES YES YES Prostephanus truncatus YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Scirtothrips dorsalis YES YES YES YES YES YES Sternochetus mangiferae YES YES YES YES YES Trogoderma granarium YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Cydia pommonella YES YES YES YES YES

Examples of insects compilation



Relevancy of obtained information Pest Categorization 0 – 0,9

1,0 – 1,9

2,0 – 2,9

3,0 – 3,9

4,0 – 4,9

5 Ponctuation

Stage 1. Pest identification 5 5 Subtotal Mean Score 5 5

Stage 2. Introduction and dispersion

2.1. Climatic conditions 5 5 2.2. Introduction 5 5 2.3. Entry 5 5 2.4. Pathways 5 5 2.5. Host plant 5 5 2.6. Establishment 5 5 2.7. Dispersion 5 5

Subtotal Mean Score 5 5 3. Economic and environmental consequences

3.1. Environmental 5 5 3.2. Economic 5 5

Subtotal Mean Score 5 5

Total Mean Score/3 5

PRA summary



Frequency/ punctuation

Risk Interpretation

0 - 0,9 Not significant

The pest does not represent risk to the PRA area.

1,0 – 1,9 Very low The pest, even in contact with host plant material suitable to reproduction, does not survive in the commodity being imported or in the PRA area.

2,1 – 2,9 Low The pest can be in touch with host plant material suitable to reproduction. However, it will need others host plants or suitable climate conditions for the pest to survive and reproduced. A wide range of host plants must be considered in other to the pest to associate.

3,0 – 3,9 Medium Specific phytosanitary measures can be necessary.

4,0 – 4,9 High Specific phytosanitary measures are recommended. The inspection at the port of entry is sufficient to offer security.

5,0 Very high Specific phytosanitary measures are highly recommended. The inspection at the port of entry is sufficient to offer security.

Risk factor associated with the pest



Databases:

http://icewall2.cenargen.embrapa.br:84/micweb/michtml/micbanco01a.asp - Fungi related to Brazil

http://icewall2.cenargen.embrapa.br:83/nemweb/nemhtml/nembanco01p.asp - Nematodes related to Brazil

Unit homepage address: http://www.cenargen.embrapa.br

http://icewall2.cenargen.embrapa.br:84/micweb/michtml/micbanco01a.asp

http://icewall2.cenargen.embrapa.br:83/nemweb/nemhtml/nembanco01p.asp

http://www.cenargen.embrapa.br/



Thank you all very much

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