RECYCLING AND REUSE OF HAZARDOUS AND RECYCLING AND REUSE OF HAZARDOUS AND OTHER WASTES AS PER OTHER WASTES AS PER HAZARDOUS AND OTHER WASTES HAZARDOUS AND OTHER WASTES (MANAGEMENT AND TRANSBOUNDARY (MANAGEMENT AND TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT) RULES, 2016) MOVEMENT) RULES, 2016) Presented at workshop on “Hazardous Waste Management: Waste to Wealth” organised by CEE at Ahmedabad on 17 June, 2016 Dr B Sengupta, Former Member Secretary, Central Pollution Control board [email protected]
Transcript
RECYCLING AND REUSE OF HAZARDOUS ANDRECYCLING AND REUSE OF HAZARDOUS ANDOTHER WASTES AS PEROTHER WASTES AS PER
HAZARDOUS AND OTHER WASTESHAZARDOUS AND OTHER WASTES(MANAGEMENT AND TRANSBOUNDARY(MANAGEMENT AND TRANSBOUNDARY
MOVEMENT) RULES, 2016)MOVEMENT) RULES, 2016)
Presented at workshop on “Hazardous Waste Management: Waste to Wealth”organised by CEE at Ahmedabad on 17 June, 2016
Presented at workshop on “Hazardous Waste Management: Waste to Wealth”organised by CEE at Ahmedabad on 17 June, 2016
Hazardous and other wastes (Managementand Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016)
“Waste" means materials, that are not products or by-products, for which the generator has no further use for thepurposes of production, transformation or consumption.
Explanation - for the purposes of the clause,
– Wastes the materials that may be generated during, theextraction of raw materials, the processing of raw materialsinto intermediates and final products, the consumption offinal products, and through other human activities andexcludes residuals recycled or reused at the place ofgeneration;
– By-product means a material that is not intended to beproduced but gets produced in the production process ofintended product and is used as such;
THE DEFINITION OF WASTE & HAZARDOUS WASTETHE DEFINITION OF WASTE & HAZARDOUS WASTE
“Waste" means materials, that are not products or by-products, for which the generator has no further use for thepurposes of production, transformation or consumption.
Explanation - for the purposes of the clause,
– Wastes the materials that may be generated during, theextraction of raw materials, the processing of raw materialsinto intermediates and final products, the consumption offinal products, and through other human activities andexcludes residuals recycled or reused at the place ofgeneration;
– By-product means a material that is not intended to beproduced but gets produced in the production process ofintended product and is used as such;
Contd…
“Hazardous waste” means any waste which by reason ofcharacteristics such as physical, chemical, biological, reactive,toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive, causes danger or islikely to cause danger to health or environment, whether aloneor in contact with other waste or substances and shallinclude:-
i. Wastes specified in column (3) of Schedule-I;ii. Wastes having equal to or more than the concentration
limits specified for the constituents in Class A and ClassB of Schedule-II or any of the characteristics as specifiedin Class C of Schedule II; and
iii. Wastes specified in Part-A of Schedule-III in respect ofimport or export of such wastes or the wastes notspecified in Part A but exhibits hazardous characteristicsspecified in Part-C of Schedule-III.
“Hazardous waste” means any waste which by reason ofcharacteristics such as physical, chemical, biological, reactive,toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive, causes danger or islikely to cause danger to health or environment, whether aloneor in contact with other waste or substances and shallinclude:-
i. Wastes specified in column (3) of Schedule-I;ii. Wastes having equal to or more than the concentration
limits specified for the constituents in Class A and ClassB of Schedule-II or any of the characteristics as specifiedin Class C of Schedule II; and
iii. Wastes specified in Part-A of Schedule-III in respect ofimport or export of such wastes or the wastes notspecified in Part A but exhibits hazardous characteristicsspecified in Part-C of Schedule-III.
Ref:- Hazardous and other wastes (Management and TransboundaryMovement) Rules, 2016)
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE OCCUPIER FOR MANAGEMENTRESPONSIBILITIES OF THE OCCUPIER FOR MANAGEMENTOF HAZARDOUS AND OTHER WASTESOF HAZARDOUS AND OTHER WASTES
For the management of hazardous and other waste, andoccupier shall follow the following steps, namely:-
a) Prevention;b) Minimization;c) Reuse;d) Recycling;e) Recovery, utilisation including co-processing;f) Safe disposal.
For the management of hazardous and other waste, andoccupier shall follow the following steps, namely:-
a) Prevention;b) Minimization;c) Reuse;d) Recycling;e) Recovery, utilisation including co-processing;f) Safe disposal.
Contd…
The occupier shall be responsible for safe andenvironmentally sound management of hazardous andother wastes.
The hazardous and other wastes generated in theestablishment of an occupier shall be sent or sold toan authorised actual user or shall be disposed of in anauthorised disposal facility.
The hazardous and other wastes shall be transportedfrom an occupier’s establishment to an authorisedactual user or to an authorised disposal facility inaccordance with the provisions of these rules.
The occupier shall be responsible for safe andenvironmentally sound management of hazardous andother wastes.
The hazardous and other wastes generated in theestablishment of an occupier shall be sent or sold toan authorised actual user or shall be disposed of in anauthorised disposal facility.
The hazardous and other wastes shall be transportedfrom an occupier’s establishment to an authorisedactual user or to an authorised disposal facility inaccordance with the provisions of these rules.
Ref:- Hazardous and other wastes (Management and TransboundaryMovement) Rules, 2016)
GRANT OF AUTHORISATION FOR MANAGING HAZARDOUSGRANT OF AUTHORISATION FOR MANAGING HAZARDOUSAND OTHER WASTESAND OTHER WASTES
Every occupier of the facility who is engaged in handling, generation,collection, storage, packaging, transportation, use, treatment,processing, recycling, recovery, pre-processing, co-processing,utilisation, offering for sale, transfer or disposal of the hazardous andother wastes shall be required to make an application in Form 1 to theState Pollution Control Board and obtain an authorisation from theState Pollution Control Board within a period of sixty days from the dateof publication of these rules. Such application for authorisation shall beaccompanied with a copy each of the following documents, namely:-
a) consent to establish granted by the State Pollution Control Boardunder the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974(25 of 1974) and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981 (21 of 1981);
b) Consent to operate granted by the State Pollution Control Boardunder the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974(25 of 1974) and/or Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981, (21 of 1981);
c) in case of renewal of authorisation, a self-certified compliancereport in respect of effluent, emission standards and the conditionsspecified in the authorisation for hazardous and other wastes:
Every occupier of the facility who is engaged in handling, generation,collection, storage, packaging, transportation, use, treatment,processing, recycling, recovery, pre-processing, co-processing,utilisation, offering for sale, transfer or disposal of the hazardous andother wastes shall be required to make an application in Form 1 to theState Pollution Control Board and obtain an authorisation from theState Pollution Control Board within a period of sixty days from the dateof publication of these rules. Such application for authorisation shall beaccompanied with a copy each of the following documents, namely:-
a) consent to establish granted by the State Pollution Control Boardunder the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974(25 of 1974) and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981 (21 of 1981);
b) Consent to operate granted by the State Pollution Control Boardunder the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974(25 of 1974) and/or Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981, (21 of 1981);
c) in case of renewal of authorisation, a self-certified compliancereport in respect of effluent, emission standards and the conditionsspecified in the authorisation for hazardous and other wastes:
Contd…
The authorisation granted by the State Pollution ControlBoard under sub-rule (2) shall be accompanied by a copy ofthe field inspection report signed by that Board indicating theadequacy of facilities for collection, storage, packaging,transportation, treatment, processing, use, destruction,recycling, recovery, pre-processing, co-processing, utilisation,offering for sale, transfer or disposal of the hazardous andother wastes and compliance to the guidelines or standardoperating procedures specified by the Central PollutionControl Board from time to time.
The authorisation granted by the State Pollution ControlBoard under sub-rule (2) shall be accompanied by a copy ofthe field inspection report signed by that Board indicating theadequacy of facilities for collection, storage, packaging,transportation, treatment, processing, use, destruction,recycling, recovery, pre-processing, co-processing, utilisation,offering for sale, transfer or disposal of the hazardous andother wastes and compliance to the guidelines or standardoperating procedures specified by the Central PollutionControl Board from time to time.
Ref:- Hazardous and other wastes (Management and TransboundaryMovement) Rules, 2016)
UTILISATION OF HAZARDOUS AND OTHER WASTESUTILISATION OF HAZARDOUS AND OTHER WASTES The utilisation of hazardous and other wastes as a resource or after
pre-processing either for co-processing or for any other use, includingwithin the premises of the generator (if it is not part of process), shallbe carried out only after obtaining authorisation from the StatePollution Control Board in respect of waste on the basis of standardoperating procedures or guidelines provided by the Central PollutionControl Board.
Where standard operating procedures or guidelines are not availablefor specific utilisation, the approval has to be sought from CentralPollution Control Board which shall be granting approval on the basisof trial runs and thereafter, standard operating procedures orguidelines shall be prepared by Central Pollution Control Board:Provided, if trial run has been conducted for particular waste withrespect to particular utilisation and compliance to the environmentalstandards has been demonstrated, authorisation may be granted bythe State Pollution Control Board with respect to the same waste andutilisation, without need of separate trial run by Central PollutionControl Board and such cases of successful trial run, Central PollutionControl Board shall intimate all the State Pollution Control Boardregarding the same.
The utilisation of hazardous and other wastes as a resource or afterpre-processing either for co-processing or for any other use, includingwithin the premises of the generator (if it is not part of process), shallbe carried out only after obtaining authorisation from the StatePollution Control Board in respect of waste on the basis of standardoperating procedures or guidelines provided by the Central PollutionControl Board.
Where standard operating procedures or guidelines are not availablefor specific utilisation, the approval has to be sought from CentralPollution Control Board which shall be granting approval on the basisof trial runs and thereafter, standard operating procedures orguidelines shall be prepared by Central Pollution Control Board:Provided, if trial run has been conducted for particular waste withrespect to particular utilisation and compliance to the environmentalstandards has been demonstrated, authorisation may be granted bythe State Pollution Control Board with respect to the same waste andutilisation, without need of separate trial run by Central PollutionControl Board and such cases of successful trial run, Central PollutionControl Board shall intimate all the State Pollution Control Boardregarding the same.
Contd…
No trial runs shall be required for co-processing of waste in cementplants for which guidelines by the Central Pollution Control Board arealready available; however, the actual users shall ensure complianceto the standards notified under the Environment (Protection) Act,1986(29 of 1986), for cement plant with respect to co-processing of waste:
Provided that till the time the standards are notified, the procedure asapplicable to other kind of utilisation of hazardous and other waste, asenumerated above shall be followed.
No trial runs shall be required for co-processing of waste in cementplants for which guidelines by the Central Pollution Control Board arealready available; however, the actual users shall ensure complianceto the standards notified under the Environment (Protection) Act,1986(29 of 1986), for cement plant with respect to co-processing of waste:
Provided that till the time the standards are notified, the procedure asapplicable to other kind of utilisation of hazardous and other waste, asenumerated above shall be followed.
Ref:- Hazardous and other wastes (Management and TransboundaryMovement) Rules, 2016)
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION FROMSOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION FROMMAJOR INDUSTRY SECTOR IN INDIAMAJOR INDUSTRY SECTOR IN INDIA
TanneriesTanneries located in Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Punjab and UttarPradesh are responsible for generation of huge quantity of Chrome-bearing sludge(HW) and other Chrome bearing effluent. The disposal ofsludge generated from CETPs are major concern. Illegal disposal ofChrome bearing sludge contaminate ground water and soil at Kanpur,Ranipet, Vellore,Tangra(WB) etc.
Secondary metallurgical industry (Lead smelters etc)Large quantities of lead bearing sludge (contained 4-8 % Lead) aredisposed from about 100-150 secondary lead industry in India. It isreported that 50% of lead bearing slag are disposed illegally on land.Large number of legacy sites of lead waste slag are reported in variousstates
Drug and Pharmaceuticals IndustryVOC emission and disposal of distillation residue, mixed solvent andsolid waste generated from MEE / Drier are major concern from PharmaIndustry.
TanneriesTanneries located in Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Punjab and UttarPradesh are responsible for generation of huge quantity of Chrome-bearing sludge(HW) and other Chrome bearing effluent. The disposal ofsludge generated from CETPs are major concern. Illegal disposal ofChrome bearing sludge contaminate ground water and soil at Kanpur,Ranipet, Vellore,Tangra(WB) etc.
Secondary metallurgical industry (Lead smelters etc)Large quantities of lead bearing sludge (contained 4-8 % Lead) aredisposed from about 100-150 secondary lead industry in India. It isreported that 50% of lead bearing slag are disposed illegally on land.Large number of legacy sites of lead waste slag are reported in variousstates
Drug and Pharmaceuticals IndustryVOC emission and disposal of distillation residue, mixed solvent andsolid waste generated from MEE / Drier are major concern from PharmaIndustry.
Contd…
Pesticide IndustryBesides emission of VOC and other carcinogenic gases, distillationresidue, MEE salt, drier salt are major hazardous waste.
Iron and Steel IndustryCoke oven sludge, SMS slag, BF slag and other solid wastegenerated from steel industry are major concern. In some industryPCB containing waste are kept from many year for disposal.
Thermal Power Plant118 million tonnes per annum ash generated which contain toxicmetals like Hg, F and other heavy metals (likely to increase to 150million tonnes by 2020). Presently most of the ash are disposed inash pond. (which are either lined or unlined). Flyash is consideredas high volume low toxic waste and not hazardous waste.
Oil RefineryPresent oily sludge generation from 12 oil refineries are about65000 tonnes per annum. In few refineries only, remediation of oilysludge is practiced.
Pesticide IndustryBesides emission of VOC and other carcinogenic gases, distillationresidue, MEE salt, drier salt are major hazardous waste.
Iron and Steel IndustryCoke oven sludge, SMS slag, BF slag and other solid wastegenerated from steel industry are major concern. In some industryPCB containing waste are kept from many year for disposal.
Thermal Power Plant118 million tonnes per annum ash generated which contain toxicmetals like Hg, F and other heavy metals (likely to increase to 150million tonnes by 2020). Presently most of the ash are disposed inash pond. (which are either lined or unlined). Flyash is consideredas high volume low toxic waste and not hazardous waste.
Oil RefineryPresent oily sludge generation from 12 oil refineries are about65000 tonnes per annum. In few refineries only, remediation of oilysludge is practiced.
Contd…
Aluminium IndustrySpent pot-lining(SPL) which contain Cyanide is major concernfrom aluminium industry beside secondary emission of fluoride.SPL disposal is major issue specially from old aluminium plants.Further in Alumina plant huge quantity of solid waste (Red mud)are generated which are kept in lagoon. Ground water and soilpollution is reported. Redmud is classified as high volume lowtoxic waste.
Coke oven plantsBesides emission of PAH, VOCs and other carcinogenicchemicals disposal of coke oven battery sludge and coal-tar aremajor hazardous waste from coke oven plants .
DistilleryFrom about 380 distilleries about 1,90,000 Kld per day of spentwash is generated. Few distilleries are practicing zero dischargeby concentrating the effluent in evaporator and incinerating thespent wash in boiler. Huge soil and ground water pollution isreported from old distilleries specially in Maharashtra and UttarPradesh
Aluminium IndustrySpent pot-lining(SPL) which contain Cyanide is major concernfrom aluminium industry beside secondary emission of fluoride.SPL disposal is major issue specially from old aluminium plants.Further in Alumina plant huge quantity of solid waste (Red mud)are generated which are kept in lagoon. Ground water and soilpollution is reported. Redmud is classified as high volume lowtoxic waste.
Coke oven plantsBesides emission of PAH, VOCs and other carcinogenicchemicals disposal of coke oven battery sludge and coal-tar aremajor hazardous waste from coke oven plants .
DistilleryFrom about 380 distilleries about 1,90,000 Kld per day of spentwash is generated. Few distilleries are practicing zero dischargeby concentrating the effluent in evaporator and incinerating thespent wash in boiler. Huge soil and ground water pollution isreported from old distilleries specially in Maharashtra and UttarPradesh
RECYCLINGRECYCLING IS IMPORTANT TO SAVE NATURALIS IMPORTANT TO SAVE NATURALRESOURCES AND PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTRESOURCES AND PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
preparation sectionProcess waste (Detoxification sludge) Detoxification unit
ETP sludge ETP
MalathionProcess waste (organic residue) Solvent recovery unit
ETP sludge (chemical sludge) ETP
DimethoateProcess waste (organic residue) Toluene distillation unit
ETP sludge ETP
PRODUCT WISE RECOVERY OF RAW MATERIALSPRODUCT WISE RECOVERY OF RAW MATERIALSProduct Recovery of raw material for
reuseRecovery of by products forsale
Monocrotophos Recovery of Isopropyle alcoholand Ethylenedichloride
Methyl chloride from gases andCalcium phosphate from ETP isrecovered for sale
Profenophos Recovery of aquos HCl,Chlorobenzene and Propylenebromide
Recovery of hydrogen bromide orsodium bromide from gases.Trimethyl aniline from effluent forsale
Recovery of hydrogen bromide orsodium bromide from gases.Trimethyl aniline from effluent forsale
Acephate Recovery of methylenechloride and ethyl acetate
-
Chloropyrophos Recovery of ethylenedichloride, ortho dichlorobenezene solvent
-
Ethion Recovery of Toluene NaHS solution from scrubber isrecovered
Zinc phosphide Recovery of product dust Phosphoric acid from scrubber isrecovered
Contd…
Aluminium phosphite Recovery of product dust The sludge containsphosphates which is good asmanure and can be sold assuch. Phosphoric acid solutionform scrubber is recovered.
Endosulfan Recovery of toluene Aq. Hydrochloric acid fromscrubber is recovered
Cypermetharin Recovery of hexene -Fenvalerate -- Aq. HCl from scrubber, Sodium
bromide, Sodium sulphate fromaq. Layer is recovered
Fenvalerate -- Aq. HCl from scrubber, Sodiumbromide, Sodium sulphate fromaq. Layer is recovered
Malathion Recovery of benzene,toluene, ethanol
NaHS solution from scrubber isrecovered
Dimethoate Recovery of Toluene NaHS solution from scrubber,Methanol from amidation step isrecovered
PRODUCT WISE WASTE MINIMIZATION OPTIONSPRODUCT WISE WASTE MINIMIZATION OPTIONSProduct Waste Minimisation OptionsMonocrotophos In the manufacturing process of Monocrotophos, chlorination efficiency
can be improved by providing multiple entries of chlorine in the reactor.Process conditions are to be optimized to minimize formation ofdichlorides of Monocrotophos Aceto Acetamide (MMA), which are,resulting in formation of other products going in the waste. PurerTrimethyl Phosphite (TMP) is to be used to minimize input of impuritiescoming along with TMP leading to waste.Improving distillation to minimize EDC and degradation product inresidue.
Profenophos In the manufacturing process of Profenophos, efficiency of brominationneeds to be improved by adopting stagewise bromination and optimizingthe process parameters. This will minimize formation of other bromidesand impurities which form waste. Recovery of Trimethyl Ethyl AmineBromide (TMEABr) from aqueous layer will reduce the load on ETP andpresence of organic impurities in ETP sludge.Optimisee the process to minimize dibromochlorophenol andsubsequent organinc intermediates
In the manufacturing process of Profenophos, efficiency of brominationneeds to be improved by adopting stagewise bromination and optimizingthe process parameters. This will minimize formation of other bromidesand impurities which form waste. Recovery of Trimethyl Ethyl AmineBromide (TMEABr) from aqueous layer will reduce the load on ETP andpresence of organic impurities in ETP sludge.Optimisee the process to minimize dibromochlorophenol andsubsequent organinc intermediates
Acephate In the manufacturing process of Acephate, lower overall efficiency of theprocess and lower recovery efficiencies for solvent are leading to waste.There is a scope to optimize process efficiency and improve solventrecovery system and thereby reduce the waste.
Chloropyrophos In chloropyrophos, manufacturing process, lower extraction efficiency isresulting in loss of Chlorpyriphos in the waste. Use of centrifugalextractors with optimized process conditions will improve extraction ofChlorpyriphos and thereby reduce the waste. Contd…
Ethion In the manufacturing process of Ethion, direct controlled addition ofP2S5 in alcohol and elimination of solvent may result in total eliminationof process waste.
Zinc/Aluminiumphosphide
In the manufacturing process of phosphides of zinc and aluminium partof the phosphorous is burnt for generating high temperature. This inturn results in generation of waste. Developing an electric arc furnacewill solve this problem. Dusting of the product also needs to beminimized.
Endosulfan In the manufacturing process of Endosulfan, recovery of Endosulfanneeds to be improved by improving centrifugation and thereby reducingEndosulfan in the waste
Cypermetharin In Cypermetharin manufacturing process, there is a scope to reduce thequantity of sodium cyanide used and thereby reduce the load ondetoxification and generation of detoxification sludge.
In Cypermetharin manufacturing process, there is a scope to reduce thequantity of sodium cyanide used and thereby reduce the load ondetoxification and generation of detoxification sludge.
Fenvalerate In the manufacturing process of Fenvalerate, better heat transfer andtemperature control will the loss of alkyl in alkyl distillation inFenvalerate. Use of acidic ion exchange resin can minimizerequirement of acid and thereby generation of waste.
Malathion andDimethoate
In the manufacturing process of Malathion and Dimethoate, minimizingwater content of methanol, P2S5 and equipment will minimizegeneration of phosphoric acid, which results in formation of waste.Drying of Malathion and Dimethoate at lower temperature, using highervacuum will reduce thermal degradation of the product.
Source : CPCB ‘s COINDS document
WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICESWASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES -- PESTICIDE STUDYPESTICIDE STUDY
ETP Sludge Bio - Sludge Process waste
Waste streams
Incineration
ASH
Recycling
Secured Landfill
EXCESS
Chemicalsludge
CalciumPhosphate
sludge
Sold to poultryfeed
manufacturer ifno pesticide
residue
WASTE STREAMWASTE STREAM--WISE EXISTING WASTE MANAGEMENTWISE EXISTING WASTE MANAGEMENTPRACTICES ADOPTED BY PESTICIDE STUDYPRACTICES ADOPTED BY PESTICIDE STUDY
Product Waste streams Disposal
Monocrotophos
Process waste (organicresidue)
Incineration, ash for land disposal
ETP waste (Calciumphosphate sludge)
Sold to poultry feed manufacturersbefore ensuring the sludge do notcontains pesticide residue
Bio-sludge Recycling and excess for landfillProcess waste (phenolicreside)
Incineration, ash for land disposal
Profenophos
Process waste (phenolicreside)ETP sludge (Calciumphosphate sludge)
Sold to poultry feed manufacturersbefore ensuring the sludge do notcontains pesticide residue
UTILIZATION OF WASTE OTHER THAN IN COUTILIZATION OF WASTE OTHER THAN IN CO--PROCESSINGPROCESSING
Carbon Electrode, carbon source insteel smelting
5 Ethylene Glycol Residue As a fuel in captive boiler
6 Spent acid containing MolybdenumCompound
Ammonium Molybdate
7 Anode mud Manganese Sulphate.
8 ETP Sludge Cardboard/Mill Board/ Egg trays
9 Spent Pickling Acid As a coagulant aid in ETP
10 Gas cleaning plant sludge Manganese Oxide
11 Carbon Slurry Carbon Black
PROCESS FOR UTILIZATION OF SPENT CARBON (CARBONPROCESS FOR UTILIZATION OF SPENT CARBON (CARBONSLURRY/CAKE FOR MANUFACTURING OF CARBON BLACKSLURRY/CAKE FOR MANUFACTURING OF CARBON BLACK
Injection of Quench watermixed with Carbon slurry
Reaction Tank
Filter Press
Process Flow Diagram for utilization of Spent acid for manufacturing Ferric ChlorideSpent Acid Iron Scrap Steam
Aqueous solution of Ferrous Chloride
Evaporator
Crystallizer
Centrifuge
Iron scrap to reactor Aqueous FeCl2 solution for sale
Aqueous FeCl2 Solution to Evaporator
FeCl2 4H2O crystalFor Sun
Drying/Drying to makeAnhydrous FeCl2
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR UTILIZATION OFPROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR UTILIZATION OF OIL BASEDOIL BASEDSLUDGE AND WATER BASED SLUDGESLUDGE AND WATER BASED SLUDGE
FOR MANUFACTURING OF FERROUS SULPHATEFOR MANUFACTURING OF FERROUS SULPHATE
98% H2SO4
Manual Oil Removal
Storage
HazardousWaste
Reaction Tank
Crude Mother LiquorHolding Tank
Fresh Water
Sludge (HW) storage yard(with un-recoverable Fe content)
Sludge washing to recoverun-reacted ferrous
Sold to registeredrecycled/ re-processor
TDSF Site
Crude Mother LiquorHolding Tank
Filter Press
Series ofCrystallization Tank
Mother Liquor(un-crystallized
liquor)
Ferrous Sulphate crystals(Product)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR UTILIZATION OF SPENTPROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR UTILIZATION OF SPENTCATALYST TO RECOVER PRECIOUS METALSCATALYST TO RECOVER PRECIOUS METALS
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR UTILIZATION OF USED ANODE BUTTPROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR UTILIZATION OF USED ANODE BUTTFOR MANUFACTURING ELECTRODE CARBON PASTEFOR MANUFACTURING ELECTRODE CARBON PASTE
COCO--PROCESSING OF WASTE INPROCESSING OF WASTE INCEMENT PLANTCEMENT PLANT
COCO--PROCESSING OF WASTE INPROCESSING OF WASTE INCEMENT PLANTCEMENT PLANT
ALTERNATIVE FUELS WHICH CAN BE USE TO INCREASE THERMALALTERNATIVE FUELS WHICH CAN BE USE TO INCREASE THERMALSUBSTITUTION RATE (TSR) IN CEMENT INDUSTRYSUBSTITUTION RATE (TSR) IN CEMENT INDUSTRY(USE OF CV OF WASTE AS FUEL IN CEMENT KILN)(USE OF CV OF WASTE AS FUEL IN CEMENT KILN)
S.NO.
Fuel Calorific Value(kcal / kg)
1. RDF from Municipal Solid Waste 2800-38002. Used Tires 6700-77002. Used Tires 6700-77003. Hazardous Waste 4000-95004. Industrial Plastic Waste 4070-66205. Biomass 2500-38006. Slaughter House Waste 700-14007. Poultry Litter 2700-38008. Dried Sewage Sludge 1700-1900
Source : Holtech & CPCBSource : Holtech & CPCB
POTENTIAL AVAILABILITY OF WASTE FORPOTENTIAL AVAILABILITY OF WASTE FORCOCO--PROCESSINGPROCESSING IN INDIAIN INDIA
A. Fuel
B. Alternate Raw Material
Hazardous Waste 0.65 MTABiomass 150 MTAUsed Tyre 0.83 MTAIndustrial Plastic Waste 0.20 MTA
A. Fuel
B. Alternate Raw Material
Industrial Plastic Waste 0.20 MTARDF from MSW 6.88 MTA
Flyash 200 MTABlast Furnace Slag 10 MTA
Source : CPCB & Holtec
AVAILABLE HAZARDOUS WASTEAVAILABLE HAZARDOUS WASTEWHICH CAN BE USED AS PARTIAL FUEL IN CEMENT KILNWHICH CAN BE USED AS PARTIAL FUEL IN CEMENT KILN
Organic residue from Pharmaceuticals and Pesticideindustry
Spent solvent Sludge from petrochemical / oil refinery Slaughter House Waste Waste Oil Paint sludge Effluent Treatment Plant Sludge Spent Pot Lining from Aluminum Industry Spent Carbon
Organic residue from Pharmaceuticals and Pesticideindustry
Spent solvent Sludge from petrochemical / oil refinery Slaughter House Waste Waste Oil Paint sludge Effluent Treatment Plant Sludge Spent Pot Lining from Aluminum Industry Spent Carbon
EMISSION STANDARDS FOR COEMISSION STANDARDS FOR CO--PROCESSING OF WASTE IN CEMENT KILNPROCESSING OF WASTE IN CEMENT KILNMOEF&CC NOTIFICATION NO. G.S.R. 497 (E) DATED 10 MAY, 2016MOEF&CC NOTIFICATION NO. G.S.R. 497 (E) DATED 10 MAY, 2016
Contd…
UTILIZATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTEUTILIZATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTESOME EXAMPLESSOME EXAMPLES
Contd…
Source: CPCB’s Website
RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
1. For hazardous waste management followinghierarchy should be followed:-a) Prevention – Waste generation can be prevented
using clean technology
b) Minimization – waste generation can be Minimizedby using good practices
c) Reuse;d) Recycling;e) Recovery, utilisation including co-processing;f) Safe disposal.
1. For hazardous waste management followinghierarchy should be followed:-a) Prevention – Waste generation can be prevented
using clean technology
b) Minimization – waste generation can be Minimizedby using good practices
c) Reuse;d) Recycling;e) Recovery, utilisation including co-processing;f) Safe disposal.
Contd…
2. For chemical industry (pharma, pesticides, dyeand dye intermediates etc.) the wasteminimization as prescribed by CPCB should befollowed.
3. Utilization of waste for making new products aselaborated in earlier slides should be followedas far as possible.
4. After following waste minimization scheme thehigh COD waste to be segregated and high CVwaste should be co-processed in cement kiln.
5. The spent solvent / mix solvent generated bychemical industry should be co-processed incement kiln.
2. For chemical industry (pharma, pesticides, dyeand dye intermediates etc.) the wasteminimization as prescribed by CPCB should befollowed.
3. Utilization of waste for making new products aselaborated in earlier slides should be followedas far as possible.
4. After following waste minimization scheme thehigh COD waste to be segregated and high CVwaste should be co-processed in cement kiln.
5. The spent solvent / mix solvent generated bychemical industry should be co-processed incement kiln. Contd…
6. Setting of pre-processing plant to beencouraged either at cement plant site or atTSDF site.
7. The last option for hazardous wastemanagement may be disposal of waste inTSDF. However, the leachate quality w.r.t. CODand TDS should be regularly monitored.
8. The MEE / drier salt should be encouraged tobe reused. Last option for disposal of the samemay be in landfill after packing in HDPE bags.
9. Recycling of waste such as used lead batteries,aluminum, copper, zinc waste, waste oil, usedoil, etc. to be promoted. Financial incentives forrecycling and recovery of metals like lead, zinc,aluminum, may be given in order to savenatural resources and reduce green houseemission.
6. Setting of pre-processing plant to beencouraged either at cement plant site or atTSDF site.
7. The last option for hazardous wastemanagement may be disposal of waste inTSDF. However, the leachate quality w.r.t. CODand TDS should be regularly monitored.
8. The MEE / drier salt should be encouraged tobe reused. Last option for disposal of the samemay be in landfill after packing in HDPE bags.
9. Recycling of waste such as used lead batteries,aluminum, copper, zinc waste, waste oil, usedoil, etc. to be promoted. Financial incentives forrecycling and recovery of metals like lead, zinc,aluminum, may be given in order to savenatural resources and reduce green houseemission. Contd…
10. RDF from MSW to be used as partial fuel incement kiln. This may be included as a part ofCSR programme to manage the MSW disposalproblem.
11. Fly ash (ESP ash) should be used to produce flyash pozzolona cement.
12. Blast furnace slag from steel industry should begranulated and used for cement making.
13. Coke oven sludge / distillation residue / mixedwaste solvent, spent carbon etc. should be usedas partial fuel in cement kiln
14. Oily sludge from oil refinery / petrochemicalindustry should be used for co-processing incement plant
10. RDF from MSW to be used as partial fuel incement kiln. This may be included as a part ofCSR programme to manage the MSW disposalproblem.
11. Fly ash (ESP ash) should be used to produce flyash pozzolona cement.
12. Blast furnace slag from steel industry should begranulated and used for cement making.
13. Coke oven sludge / distillation residue / mixedwaste solvent, spent carbon etc. should be usedas partial fuel in cement kiln
14. Oily sludge from oil refinery / petrochemicalindustry should be used for co-processing incement plant
Contd…
15. Spent pot lining from aluminum industryshould be used as partial fuel in cement kiln.
16. Plastic waste should be recycled and also canbe used for road making and co-processing incement plant.
17. Distillery units for spent wash managementshould go adopt concentration cumincineration and power generation for disposalof waste.
18. Chemical gypsum to be used for cementproduction.
15. Spent pot lining from aluminum industryshould be used as partial fuel in cement kiln.
16. Plastic waste should be recycled and also canbe used for road making and co-processing incement plant.
17. Distillery units for spent wash managementshould go adopt concentration cumincineration and power generation for disposalof waste.
18. Chemical gypsum to be used for cementproduction.
