- http://www.natahaus.ru/ , . . ! , . , . . . . . . , , , e-mail
- . Linux 6 Server , Linux . Red HatRed Hat Linux 6Server .
www.books-shop.comRed Hat Linux* 6 ServerMohammed J. KabirPublished
by M&T BooksAn imprint of IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.919 E.
Hillsdale Blvd., Suite 400Foster City, CA 94404www.idgbooks.com
(IDG Books Worldwide Web Site)Copyright 1999 IDG Books Worldwide,
Inc. All rights reserved.ISBN 0764533371Red Hat* Linux* 6 Server .
. . . . . . , 2001. : OAI (03) : 070612 30.09.97 .ISBN 5855821226
20.05.01 84 110/16 1 . . 35 3200 436 , , . ., . 40, . 2 : (095)
2560283 : (095) 2590162WWW.LORYPRESS.RU .109044, , . , .
18www.books-shop.com www.books-shop.comVI Red Hat Linux . Linux .
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root 31 32 LILO 33 Red Hat Linux 35 2 39 3 41 init
43www.books-shop.com /etc/re.d/rc.sysinit 46 /etc/re.d/init.d 46
/etc/re.d/rc 46 /etc/re.d/rc[06].d 48 /etc/re.d/rc.local 49
/etc/rc.d/rc.serial 49 49 50 50 50 Ctrl+Alt+Delete 51 51 ink 52
chkconfig 52 ntsysv 53 linuxconf 53 54 4 UNIX 57 / 57 / chown 58 /
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66 67 67 67 67 68 68 ext2 68 5 71 UNIX 71 72 73 74 75 89
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7 131 131 133 136 136 137 138 140 140 141 linuxconf 143 143 145
145, 145 146 146 147 147 149 8 151 151 152 ps 152 154 158 160 top
160 vmstat 161 "Books-shop"., , . [email protected] uptime
161 161 tail 162 163 at 163 ron 164 9 167 TCP/IP 167 IP 169 169 170
170 171 172 netcfg 176 179 180 183 184 4 / 187 10 DNS 189 DNS 189
DNS (Resolver) 191 DNS 193 DNS 193Master/ DNS 199Slave/ DNS 200 DNS
200 DNS 201 DNS 202 DNS 203 DNS 203 DNS 209 11 211 SMTP 212 DNS 214
SMTP 215 sendmail 215 sendmail 215 /etc/sendmail.cf 217 /etc/mail/*
223 sendmail 229 sendmail 229 /etc/mail/* 231 sendmail SMTP 231
sendmail 232 232 sendmail 233 233 234www.books-shop.com 234 235 236
POP 238 238 239 239 SMTP/POP 239 240Sendmail Pro 240qmail 240 12
Web 241 Apache 242 ANSI 242 242 242 243 Apache 243 Apache 244
Apache APACI 244 makefile 246 Rule 247 247 Apache 248 Apache 248
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Apache 281 Web 288 293 294 Web 299 SSL 306 13 FTP 313Wuftpd: FTP
313 wuftpd 314 FTP 315 FTP 326 FTP 328 FTP 331 FTP 334 TFTP 334
xiiiwww.books-shop.comxiv 14 337 IRC 337 IRC 338 IRC 338 IRC 348
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Linux Windows 369 Samba 372 Samba 373 16 NFS 377 NFS 378 NFS 378
379 379 379 NFS 379 NFS 381 NFS 381 NFS 382 rdist 383 17 SQL 387
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390 SQL 391 SQL UNIX 392 CGI SQL Web 398www.books-shop.com XV 6 403
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459 460 make menuconfig 472 make xconfig 473, 474 474 kernelcfg 475
21 Web 477 Web 478 Web 478 DNS 479 480 481 IP 485 486 486 Web 487
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503 22 X Window 505 X Window 506XFree86 506MetroX 506AcceleratedX
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. English. Enter . : LocalCDROM, NFS Image, hard drive, FTP 8MB
image. CDROM, Enter, . (. . 2.1) .. 2.1. Red Hat Linux, Install,
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the .partition table ( )w write table to disk and exit (
)www.books-shop.com22 2 extra functionality (experts only)( ) ,
:Disk /dev/sda: 33 heads, 63 sectors, 1014 cylindersUnits =
cylinders of 2079 * 512 bytesDevice
Boot/dev/sda1/dev/sda2/dev/sda5/dev/sda6Start1506506887End50510148861011Blocks524916529105+396018129906Id8358382SystemLinux
nativeExtendedLinux nativeLinux swap /dev/sda , /dev/sdal 1 505. 1
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1 1 , 2 .. . . , 1 :First cylinder (11014): 1 "' 512 , , . , (last
cylinder) +512:Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK ([1]
1014): +512M , :iDisk /dev/sda: 33 heads, 63 sectors, 1014
cylindersUnits = cylinders of 2079 * 512 bytesDevice Boot Start End
Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 1 505 524916 83 Linux native, . Linux
native. t, ., Linux swap :www.books-shop.com23Command (m for help):
tPartition number (14): 1Hex code (type L to list codes): 82Changed
system type of partition 1 to 82 (Linux swap)Command (m for help):
pDisk /dev/sda: 33 heads, 63 sectors, 1014 cylindersUnits =
cylinders of 2079 * 512 bytesDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id
System/dev/sda1 1 505 524916 82 Linux swap t, , 82, . L. , fdisk
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number (16): 1 p :Disk /dev/sda: 33 heads, 63 sectors, 1014
cylindersUnits = cylinders of 2079 * 512 bytesDevice Boot Start End
Blocks Id System/dev/sdal * 1 505 524916 83 Linux native/dev/sda2
506 1014 529105+ 5 Extended/dev/sda5 506 886 396018 83 Linux
native/dev/sda6 887 1011 129906 82 Linux swap /dev/sdal * Boot, ..
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root root Red Hat Linux. . root . 2.29.34www.books-shop.com32.
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RedHat 5.3 . 3.1. Memory: sized by int13 Oe801hConsole: 16 point
font, 400 scansConsole: colour VGA+ 80x25, 1 virtual console (max
63)Probing PCI hardware.Calibrating delay loop., ok 53.04
BogoMIPSMemory: 127584k/131072k available (748 kernel code, 384k
reserved,2164k data)Swansea University Computer Society NETS.035
for Linux 2.0NETS: Unix domain sockets 0.13 for Linux
NETS.035.Swansea University Computer Society TCP/IP for NETS.034.IP
Protocols: IGMP, ICMP, UDP, TCPLinux IP multicast router 0.07.VFS:
Diskquotas version dquot_5.6.0 initialized'MChecking 386/387
coupling... Ok, fpu using exception 16 error reporting.Checking
'hit' instruction ... Ok.Intel Pentium with FO OF bug workaround
enabled.alias mapping IDT readonly doneLinux version 2.0.36
(rootfporky.redhat.com) (gcc version 2.7.2.3)#1 Tue Oct 13 22:17:11
EOT 1998Starting kswapd v 1.4.2.2Serial driver version 4.13 with no
serial options enabledttyOO at Ox03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550AReal
Time Clock Driver v1.09Ramdisk driver initialized: 16 ramdisks of
4096K sizeide: i82371 PIIX (Triton) on PCI bus 0 function 57ideO:
BMDMA at OxfOOOOxf007idel: BMDMA at OxfOOSOxfOOfhda: IBMDTTA351010,
9671MB w/466kB Cache, CHS=1232/255/63, DMAhdc: CD920E, ATAPI CDROM
driveideO at Ox1fOOx1f7, Ox3f6 on irq 14idel at 0x1700x177,0x376 on
irq 15Floppy drive(s): fdO is 1.44MFDC 0 is a post1991 82077md
driver 0.36.3 MAX_MD_DEV=4, MAX_REAL=8scsi: 0 hosts,scsi: detected
total.Partition check:hda: hdal hda2 < hda5 hda6 hda7
>RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0VFS: Mounted root
(ext2 filesystem).ncr53c8xx: at PCI bus 0, device 9, function
0ncr53c8xx: 53c825 detectedscsiO : ncr53c8xx revision
2.5f.1Detected scsi disk sda ad scsiO, channel 0, id 0, lun
0ncr53c8250: FAST5 SCSI 5.0 MB/s (200 ns, offset 8)SCSI device sda:
hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 2109840 [1030 MB][1.0 GB]sda: sdal
sda2 < sda5 sda6 >VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem)
readonly.Trying to unmount old root ... okayAdding Swap: 129900k
swapspace (priority 1)42 3www.books-shop.com 43I , ' Shift+PageUp .
dmesg. /var/log/messages . (/) . , , /.1 ' , (panic) . , ,
fsck.ext2 . , init. . ink , , ., init , . init , init , . init init
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tty34:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty45:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty
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bootwait , init SIGPWR. UPS ( ) init. init , , powerwait, init ,
init SIGPWD, /etc/powerstatus . UPS SIGPWR init, , , init SIGINT ,
init KeyboardSignal
respawnwaitoncebootbootwaitoffwww.books-shop.com46 3Init System V,
ink Red Hat Linux, :/etc+rc.d+init.d ()+rc0.d ()+rc1.d ()+rc2.d
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t.rndu] [ _] [_/_]84pwd:pwdwww.books-shop.com . jsort . sort , , .
sort . a.txt :d a.txt , :sort a.txtbd :sort sorted.txt a.txt a.txt
sorted, txt. sort sorted.txt, :sort sorted.txt a.txt b.txt. .txt .
, , z . ., . .... d . sort , . . sort .stcit:stat . :stat foo.txt
:File: "foo.txt" ,Size: 4447232 Filetype: Regular FileMode:
(0644/rwrr) Uid: (0/root) Gid: (0/root)Device: 3,0 "Inode: 16332
Links: 1Access: Mon Mar 1 21:39:43 1999(00000.02:32:30)Modify: Mon
Mar 1 22:14:26 1999(00000.01:57:47)Change: Mon Mar 1 22:14:26
1999(00000.01:57:47) , , , , , ..strings:strings strings , .
.85www.books-shop.comtail:tail [ | _fr] tail . tail 10 . 50
doc.txt, :tail 50 doc.txt . , 10 . , doc.txt , :tail doc.txt 10
doc.txt , :tail doc.txt, f . tail , . , tail . , Ctrl+C ( intr),
tail .touch:touch a.out.txt uuencode a.out. , uudecode, b.out.
a.out, uuencode, a.out.txt.zip:zip [ACDe9] , VMS, MSDOS, OS/2,
Windows NT, Minix, Atari, Macintosh, Amiga Acorn RISC OS. zip PKZIP
. , zip, .zip. zip , . , ZIP, . , zip. man. .dd:dd if = [conv = _]
of = [obs = ] . :dd if=/tmp/uppercase.txt conv=lcase of =/tmp/lowe
rcase.txt /tmp/uppercase.txt /tmp/lowercase.txt, (lease). ,
92www.books-shop.com conv=ucase. dd boot, , rnkfs. :dd
if=/some/boot.img conv=lcase of=/dev/fdO obs=16k /some/boot.img
(/dev/fdO) 16.df:df [k] / df . .
.dfFilesystem/dev/hd4/dev/hd2/dev/hd9var/dev/hd3/dev/lvOO/dev/hd1/dev/fsOl/dev/fs02512blocks49152135168049152573445734416384081920008192000Free258722439361222452272551761697663819201873432%Used48%82%.76%9%4%90%23%78%fused22571909129171251911402096372%Iused19%12%48%2%1%6%3%1%Mounted
on//usr/var/trap/tftpboot/home/home/fsOl/home/fs02 , :df .
Filesystem 512blocks Free %Used lused %Iused Mounted on/dev/fs01
8192000 6381920 23% 20963 3% /home/fs01 , 512 . k 1024 .df k
.Filesystem 1024blocks Free %UsecJ lused %Iused Mounted on/dev/fs01
4096000 3190960 23% 20963 3% /nome/fs01 k . , , .edquota. 7,
.fdformat:fdformat . :fdformat /dev/fdOH1440 (/dev/fdO), 1.44.93
"Books-shop"., , . [email protected] Sfdisk. 2.mkfs:mkfs [t
__] [cv] [] . :mkfs t ext2 /dev/hda3 ext2 /dev/hda3 IDE. mkfs ; v
.mkswap. 2.mount:mount [t __] [ ] . , /etc/fstab. :/dev/hda6
/intranet ext2 defaults 12 /etc/fstab, /dev/hda6 :mount /intranet
:mount t ext2 /dev/hda6 /intranet t . , /etc/fstab, . :mount a t
ext2 ext2. (readonly ) rw (read/write /). :mount t ext2 /dev/hda6
/secured /dev/hda6 /secured .quota. 7, .quotaon. 7,
.swapoff:swapoff a . , /etc/fstab.www.books-shop.com swapon:swapon
a . , /etc/fstab.umount:.umount a [t __] . :umount /cdrom /cdrom,
/etc/fstab. ( ), /etc/fstab. t . :umount a t iso9660 iso9660,
CDROM., DOS Linux MSDOS, Mtools. Mtools Red Hat Linux RPM, . rpm,
RPM.Mtools , , MSDOS. Windows 95, Xdf OS/2 2. , Mtools.mcopy:mcopy
[tin] mcopy MSDOS / Linux.:mcopy /tmp/readme.txt b: readme.txt /tmp
b:. t / (cr/lf) MSDOS . .mdel:mdel MSDOS.mdir:mdir [/] MSDOS. /
.95www.books-shop.commformat:mformat [t ] [h ] [s ] MSDOS. , ,
MSDOS, , , ..mlabel:mlabel [vcs] :[_] ( ) . v ; , a s .: ^ , ,
.dmesg:dmesg , .free:free . :total used free shared buffers
cachedMem: 127776 124596 3180 30740 2904 107504/+ buffers/cache:
14188 113588Swap: 129900 84 129816shutdown:shutdown [r] [h] [c] [k]
[t ] [] , /etc/shutdown.allow, . , :shutdown r now , h. k , .
:shutdown r k now System going down for maintenance " . t
96www.books-shop.com 97 . , shutdown , . , . :shutdown 12:55 12:55.
+.:shutdown r +5 i .uname:uname [] [.] [] [s] [] [] . : :Linux
picaso.nitec.com 2.0.36 1 Tue Oct 13 22:17:11 EOT 1998 1586 unknown
m (,1586); (, picaso.nitec.com); (, 2.0.36); s (, Linux); a v (, #1
Tue Oct 13 22:17:11 EDT 1998).uptime:uptime , , , 1, 5 15 . .chfn.
7, ' .chsh. 7, .groupadd. 7, .groupmod. 7, .groups:groups
[_]www.books-shop.com , . , .last:last [] [_] [reboot] , .
/var/log/wtmp. :last j ul i e julie /var/log/wtmp.last 10 j ul i e
10 julie .last reboot , /var/log/wtmp.passwd:passwd . , passwd , .
.SU:su [] [ ] su . :su john John, John , . root. , , , root, .
root, su , UID (0) GID (0) root. root . , Telnet. Telnet su, root .
, . root su .useradd. 7, .98 5www.books-shop.com 99userdel. 7
.usermod. 7, .who:who , . w.whoami:whoami . , , .finger:finger @
finger . :finger [email protected] finger
finger, blackhole.integrationlogic.com. finger, . finger . .plan,
finger. finger , finger .ftp:ftp FTP FTP FTP. :ftp ftp.cdrom.com
FTP f t p. cdrom. com . , FTP . FTP help ?, FTP.lynx:lynx [dump]
[head] [URL]www.books-shop.com Web. :lynx
http://www.integrationlogic.com/ . . , , Web , Web. :lynx head
http://www.integrationlogic.com/ HTTP, lynx Web. . :/1.1 302
MovedDate: Tue, 02 Mar 1999 06:47:27 GMTServer: Apache/1.3.3
(Unix)Location:
http://www.integrationlogic.com/index.shtmlConnection:
closeContentType: text/html , , www. integrationlogic. com Apache
UNIX. , Web Web, . , dump (STDOUT). :lynx dump head
http://www.integrationlogic.com/ stdout. dump . :lynx dump head
http://webserver/new.gif > new.gif new.gif Web new.gif.
.mail:mail @ [s ] [< _] SMTP. ., , . @ , . , , . mail, ? @.
kabi^integrationlogic. com About your Red Hat book, :mail
[email protected] s "About your Red Hat book" , Ctrl+D, .
, , v . , , :mail [email protected] s "About your Red Hat book"
feedback.txt . feedback.txt.100 5www.books-shop.com 1pine:pine
SMTP. Linux, .rlogin:rlogin [1 _] . , shell.myhost.com, :rlogin
shell.myhost.com rlogin , . 1 , . , , .rhosts . IP , rlogin. , , ,
.talk:talk tty , . , , talk. ' , :talk [email protected], , talk.
talk, , . talk , Ctrl+C ( intr).telnet:telnet [] Telnet Telnet.
:telnet shell.myportal.com Telnet shel l . myport al . com, Telnet.
, , Telnet.wall:wall , tty www.books-shop.com102 5 mesg n. wall ,
Ctrl+D. , , .host:host [] IP . , DNS IP.hostname:hostname .
.ifconfig: .ifconfig [] [up | down] [netmask ] . . , Red Hat Linux
ethO, :ifconfig ethO ' , :ethO Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr
00:CO:F6:98:37:37inet addr:206.171.50.50 Beast: 206. 171.50.63
Mask: 255. 255. 255. 240UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU: 1500
Metric :1RX packets:9470 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX
packets:7578 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0Interrupt^ Base address:0x340 ifconfig , ethO (inet
addr) 206.171.50.50, (Beast) 206.171.50.63 255.255.255.240. , (
RX), ( ), , , / .. ifconfig , . ifconfig, . :ifconfig ethO
206.171.50.50 netmask 255.255.255.240 \broadcast 206,171.50.63 ethO
IP 206. 17 1 .50.50. , ifconfig. :i f conf i g ethO down '
ethO.www.books-shop.com 1netcfg. 9, netcfg .netstot:netstat tr] []
[] [1] , , . :netstat a . , . , . , i.nslookup:nslookup
[query=Tnn_3anHCM_DNS] _ IP] [_] DNS. DNS .:nslookup query=mx
iptegratipnlogic.com MX integrationlogic.com.nslookup query=mx
integrationlogic.com ns.nitec.com , , /etc/resolv.conf,
ns.nitec.com. q query. :nslookup q=a www.formtrack.com IP (
Address) . nslookup . nslookup. nslookup ?, . DNS, . , NS ,
adengine, com classifiedworks. com, :set query=ns ns, adengine.com
, .. , nslookup, server. :server ns.adengine.com nslookup
ns.adengine.com . , exit nslookup.ping:ping [ ] [s _] [1 ]
"Books-shop"., , . [email protected] , . , , TCP/IP. ICMP
(Internet Control Message Protocol ). , . ping , . :ping
blacktiole.nitec.com ping bl ackhol e. nitec.com. ping, Ctrl+C, .
ping, :PING blackhole.nitec.com (209.63.178.15): 56" data bytes64
bytes from 209.63.178.15: icmp_seq=0 ttl=53 time=141.5 ms64 bytes
from 209.63.178.15: icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=162.6 ms64 bytes from
209.63.178.15: icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=121.4 ms64 bytes from
209.63.178.15: icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=156.0 ms64 bytes . from
209.63.178.15: icmp_seq=4 ttl=53 time=126.4 ms64 bytes from
209.63.178.15: icmp_seq=5 ttl=53 time=101.5 ms64 bytes from
209.63.178.15: icmp_seq=6 ttl=53 time=98.7 ms64 bytes from
209.63.178.15: icmp_seq=7 ttl=53 time=180.9 ms64 bytes from
209.63.178.15: icmp_seq=8 ttl=53 time=126.2 ms64 bytes from
209.63.178.15: icmp_seq=9 ttl=53 time=122.3 ms64 bytes from
209.63.178.15: icmp_seq=10 ttl=53 time=127.1 ms blackhole.nitec.com
ping statistics 11 packets transmitted, 11 packets received, 0%
packet lossroundtrip min/avg/max =98.7/133.1/180.9 ms 10 ping
blackhole . nitec . com. 11 , , ping 11 , . ping ping . (min),
(avg) . , . , ping , . , ping , . :ping 10 blackhole.nltec.com 10
ping. ping 64 (56 + 8 ) . , s. :ping 1024 s 1016 re.boot.nitec.com
1024 (1016 + 8).www.books-shop.com 105"1 J , . , , . , ping
.route:route add net dev route add host dev route add default gw .
, , route :route add net , 206.171.50.48 255.255.255.240 ethO ,
:route add net 206.171.50.48 255.255.255.240 ethO , route:route add
default gw , 206.171.50.49, :route add default gw 206.171.50.49
ethO , :route n :Kernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway
Genmask, Flags Metric Ref Use Iface206.171.50.48 0.0.0.0
255.255.255.240 U 0 0 6 ethO127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 5
lo0.0.0.0 206.171.50.49 0.0.0.0 UG Q 0 17 ethO| ,
/etc/sysconfig/network ' IP, .tcpdump:tcpdump . , brat, nitec.com
reboot.nitec.com, :tcpdump host brat.nitec.com and
reboot.nitec.comwww.books-shop.com106 tcpdump . reboot.ni tec.com
ping brat.ni tec.com, :tcpdump: listening on ethO09:21:14.720000
reboot. nitec.com>brat. nitec.com: icmp: echo
request09:21:14.720000 brat. nitec.com>reboot. nitec.com: icmp:
echo reply09:21:15.720000 reboot. nitec.com>brat. nitec.com:
icmp: echo request09:21:15.720000 brat. nitec.com> reboot.
nitec.com: icmp: echo reply09:21:16.720000 reboot.
nitec.com>brat. nitec.com: icmp: echo request09:21:16.720000
brat. nitec.com>reboot. nitec.com: icmp: echo
reply09:21:17.730000 reboot. nitec.com>brat. nitec.com: icmp:
echo request09:21:17.730000 brat. nitec.com>reboot. nitec.com:
icmp: echo reply FTP, tcpdump , . :tcpdump port ftp or ftpdata FTP
, . , . , tcpdump .traceroute:traceroute . , , ICMP TIME_EXCEEDED.
blackhole.nitec.com:traceroute to blackhole.nitec.com
(209.63.178.15), 30 hops max, 40byte packets1 router
(206.171.50.49) 4.137 ms 3.995 ms 4.738 ms2 PM3001.v1.NET
(206.171.48.10) 32.683 ms 33.295 ms 33.255 ms3 HQCS001.v1.NET
(206.171.48.1) 42.263 ms 44.237 ms 36.784 ms4 ix.pxbi.net
(206.13.15.97) 106.785 ms 63.585 ms 101.277 ms5 ix.pxbi.net
(206.13.31.8) 86.283 ms ,64.246 ms 69.749 ms6 ca.us.ixbm.net
(165.87.22.10) 71.415 ms 72.319 ms 85.183 ms7 mae.elxi.net
(198.32.136.128) 101.863 ms 80.257 ms 67.323 ms8 y. exli.net
(207.173.113.146) 71.323 ms 104.685 ms 110.935 ms9 z. exli.net
(207.173.113.217) 69.964 ms 137.858 ms 85.326 ms10 z1.exli.net
(207.173.112.251) 81.257 ms 107.575 ms 78.453 ms11 209.210.249.50
(209.210.249.50) 90.701 ms 91.116 ms 109.491 ms12 209.63.178.15
(209.63.178.15) 83.052 ms 76.604 ms 85.406 ms . , . , , , . , , .
traceroute, , , , . , .www.books-shop.com .bg:bg , . . , du a / |
sortrn > /tmp/du.sorted, , (), /tmp/du.sorted. . , Ctrl+Z .bg, ,
.I ' , & . , , jobs , . , fg.fg:fg [%_] , , . , , . , jobs, fg
. , jobs , , , :fg %1jobs:jobs , . , .kill. 8, .killall. 8, .PS. 8,
ps .top. 8, . 107www.books-shop.com108 5. , , .at. 8, .atq. 8,
.atrm. 8, .crontab. 8, . , , .be:be , . , . , . , 1024 4, 1024*4 ,
, .Cdl:cal [] [} , . , . , 19999.:cal 2000 2000 .www.books-shop.com
10$,'ispell: ' .. .: * '> *. 'ispell
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward, n 1 0. ' 9.5 9.6 (ethO ethl). 9.5.
/etc/sysconfig/networkscripts/ifcfgethODEVICE=ethOIPADDR=192.168.1.126NETMASK=255.255.255'.128NETWORK=192.168.1.0BROADCASTS
92.168.1.127ONBOOT=yes 9.6.
/etc/sysconfig/networkscripts/ifcfgeth1DEVICE=eth1IPADDR=192.168.1.254NETMASK=255.255.255.128NETWORK=192.168.1.128BROADCAST=192.168.1.255ONBOOT=yeS
, ( ifup), route:route add net 192.168.1.0 255.255.255'. 128
ethOroute add net 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.128 ethl route , , , .
, , . , , Linux Ethernet (ethO), /etc/sysconfig/network 192.168.1.0
, 9.7. 9.7.
/etc/sysconfig/networkNETWORKING=yesFORWARD_IPV4=yesHOSTNAME=marketing1.nitec.comOOMAINNAME=nitec.comGATEWAY=192.168.1.126GATEWAYDEV=ethO
, 9.8. 9.8. /etc/sysconfig/networkscripts/ifcfgethODEVICE=ethO184
9www.books-shop.comIPADDR=192.168.1.1NETMASK=255.255.255.128NETWORK=192.168.1.0BROADCASTS
92.168.1.127ONBOOT=yes 192.168.1.128. GATEWAY=192.168.1.254
/etc/sysconfig/network NETWORK=192.168.1.128
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255 /etc/sysconfig/networkscripts/ifcfgethO., ,
Linux, Windows /2000 NT, . , . ping. . DNS , IP:1. ping, . ,
ping192.168.1.2 192.168.1.1. ping , (/etc/sysconfig/network
/etc/sysconfig/network scripts/ifcfgethO). , , , ifconfig ethO down
/etc/sysconfig/network scripts/ifup rthO. ping , .2. ping , ping .
, . ping , .3. ping . , traceroute , , . traceroute , , , . , IP.
cat/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward , (1 0). 1, IP
/etc/sysconfig/network, . . ping , , . , .
185www.books-shop.comwww.books-shop.com 4
/www.books-shop.comwww.books-shop.com 10 DNS : (DNS) DNS DNS BIND
DNS DNS (DNS Domain Name Service) . Red Hat Linux DNS. DNS, DNS. ,
, DNS DNS Red Hat Linux. DNS (IP). , () IP IP. . , , . , ., , IP. .
, DNS.www.books-shop.com190. 10.1. ,, DNS DNS . , Web ht t p:
//www. i nt egrat i onl ogi c. com/, , Integration Logic,Inc. Web
URL ht t p: //www. integ rationlogic. com/. Web , DNS. . 10.1 .
DNS( ) DNS kitegrationLDgic.com Web DNS ( DNS ), IP www. i nt egrat
i onl ogi c.com (1). DNS , IP (2). DNS www. i ntegrati onl ogi c.
com, . DNS DNS ( ), IP DNS, i nt egrat i onl ogi c. com (3). www. i
ntegrati onl ogi c.com , DNS i nt egrat i onl ogi c. com IP . DNS
IP Web IP (5). , . DNS () IP. , IP ? DNS IP, . , DNS , IP IP; DNS.
DNS, : DNS DNS DNS ( )? : DNS ? 10www.books-shop.com DNS 191 DNS ?
, DNS. , DNS Red Hat Linux, DNS DNS. , Red Hat Linux DNS. DNS
(Resolver) Red Hat Linux , DNS. DNS resolver. , DNS. Resolver Red
Hat Linux. resolver. Red Hat Linux DNS resolver. resolver, DNS. ,
resolver Red Hat Linux, , . DNS IP, IP DNS. , resolver. resolver,
/etc/resolv.conf. 10.1 /etc/resolv.conf nitec.com. 10.1.
/etc/resolv.conf resolver domain nitec.comft search nitec.com#
nameserver 206.171.50.50# nameserver 206.171.50.55 Linux, . , #, .
domain, search nameserver. domain . , . search , resolver , . ,
ping www resolver, ping resolver www. www , resolver search (, www.
nitec. com) IP . , search i ntegrati onl ogi c. com ( ) ping,
resolver IP www. i nt egr at i onl ogi c. com. www.books-shop.com
search , , () . nameserver , resolver . ( ) name server . . ,
resolver, www. adengine, com, resolver IP, 206.171.50.50.
206.171.50.50 (.. ), , 206.171.50.55. name server. nameserver .
nameserver IP . IP , . resolverIP . , resolver . , resolver DNS ,
DNS. IP /etc/hosts. : /etc/hosts:206.171.50.50 picaso.nitec.com
picaso127.0.0.0 localhost localhostResolver , DNS. DNS, . DNS,
/etc/hosts, resolver , DNS. /etc/host.conf, order. :order
hosts,bind /etc/host.conf order, resolver /etc/hosts , , bind DNS,
/etc/resolv.conf.I , ' DNS, DNS /etc/hosts, DNS . , resolverDNS .
DNS ping . ping 192 10www.books-shop.com DNS 193
