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© Fraunhofer Redox flow battery storage as long duration storage for small villages or industrial areas Dr. P. Fischer, Jens Noack, Prof. Dr. J. Tübke Karlsruhe,16.10.2019
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Page 1: Redox flow battery storage as long duration storage for ... · Redox Flow Battery –state of the art There are two commercial systems established in the market. all-vanadium - companies

© Fraunhofer

Redox flow battery storage as long duration storage for small villages or industrial areas

Dr. P. Fischer, Jens Noack, Prof. Dr. J. Tübke Karlsruhe,16.10.2019

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Germany

Redox Flow Application Center

Germany

Dep. of Applied Electrochemistry

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Energy Storage - Overview

Usecases for storage systems

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Energy Storage - Overview

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Energy Storage - Overview

Numbers from X. Luo et al, “Overview of current development in electrical energy storage technologies and the application potential in power system operation”, Applied Energy Vol. 137, 2015, pp 511–536

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Redox Flow Battery - principle

Electrolyte Electrolyte

Membrane

Electrode

Pump

Power source/load

+ -

Pump

Electrode

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Redox Flow Battery - principle

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Redox Flow Battery - principle

redox flow battery stack

bipolar plate

membrane

electrode

flow frameterminal

each electrochemical cell consists of bipolar plate/ current collector embedded in flow frame, electrode felt and separator/ membrane

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Redox Flow Battery - principle

Small-size RFB (Adiro/ Fraunhofer ICT for Festo Didaktik)

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Redox Flow Battery - principle

Large-scale RFB (Fraunhofer ICT )

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There are three types of electrolytes. They differ in concentration ranges and additives:

Redox Flow Battery – state of the art

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Redox Flow Battery – state of the art

There are two commercial systems established in the market.

◼ all-vanadium - companies like Sumitomo

electrics, Rongke Power, UniEnergy, ThyssenKrupp…. and many many more

◼ zinc bromine – companies like redflow,

EnSync , Primus Power, Meineng Energy, Lotte Chemical, Jofemar

They usually come in different sizes, but mostly ascontainerized systems.

cabinet system

single-/ multi container system

platform system

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Redox Flow Battery – state of the art

Germany has already

developed strong Redox FlowBattery industry with anetwork of suppliers,distributers and battery

producers.

But in Korea there aresome importantproducers too (like H2Inc., Standard Energy,Nuriplan)

Karlsruhe

Mannheim

Nürnberg

Pfinztal

Dortmund

Freudenstadt

Glatten

Alzenau sales Rongke Power

sales Rongke Power

Jena

Koblenz

Olching

sales ESS

Oldenburg

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Drawbacks :

There are some drawbacks of the

commercial system. There is a limited

temperatur window of VRFB due to

percipation of electrolyte above 40°C.

Regular operation temperatur window:

5°C – 38°C

Some electrolyte formulations are

temperatur stable for higher

temperatures (e.g. mixed acid electrolyte

by UET)

V2O5 percipitation above 40°C

1. day 2. day 3. day 4. day

Redox Flow Battery – state of the art

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Drawbacks:

The vanadium price is quite constant during

the last 5 years at around 6 – 8 $/lb.

Nevertheless tis price limits capacity costs of

electrolyte to ~60 - 80 $/kWh.

Today vanadium prices are skyrocketing due

to new regulations in China.

New financial models like leasing are

evaluated at the moment to deacrease

costs.

Redox Flow Battery – state of the art

Image: TTP Sqaures Inc. / Vanitec

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Redox Flow Battery – emerging systems

There new systems, which are very close tocommercialization.

◼ iron- iron – companies like ESS Inc., WhEST,

Arrotech, Epsilor

◼ hydrogen bromine – companies like

Elestor, (Enstorage)

◼ aqueous organic – companies like Jena

Batteries, Kemiwatt, Green Energy Storage

◼ aqueous metal complex – companies like

Lockheed Martin

◼ alkaline zinc ferricyanide – companies

like Vizn

Image: ViZn/ green Energy Times

Image: Elestor

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Lighthouse projekt RedoxWind:

storage of fluctuating renewables in the megawatt range. Development and erection of a 2 MW / 20

MWh redox flow battery

→ Coupling of battery at direct current intermittent circuit of the 2 MW wind at ICT Campus

→ Development of cost efficient production technology for the production of stacks.

→ Synnergies of shared power electronics in wind turbine and battery

Funded by the county ofBaden Württemberg

Project - RedoxWind

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RedoxWind – Energy Infrastruktur at Fraunhofer ICT

200 kW/200kWh LiFePo Battery

ICT

BHKW + Gaskessel+th. SpeicherRFBWKA Netz

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RedoxWind – Energy Infrastruktur at Fraunhofer ICT

200 kW/200kWh LiFePo Battery

2MW/20MWh VRFB

2MW wind turbine

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Project RedoxWindErection of the 2MW wind turbine

For the RFB-ESS a building was build with laboratories, workshops and testing facilities for flow batteries and the battery hall (20 x 30 m). The Building was finished end of 2016.

In 2017 the company Qreon erected the 2MW wind turbine based on the Repower E82. The Qreon wind can connect the wind turbine with the VRFB as well as the 200kW/200kWh LIB battery (iron phosphate).

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Project RedoxWind - Images of the plantPlanning the plant

Fluid circuit research module (2x) Fluid circuit battery module (4x)

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Project RedoxWind - Images of the plantStack

Stack

◼ 5.7 kW battery stack

◼ dimensions: 550 mm x 920 mm x 406 mm

◼ number of cells: 40

◼ active area: ca. 1400 cm2

◼ stack voltage: 32 V - 64 V

◼ max nominal current: 140 A

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