Date post: | 21-Jun-2015 |
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Reducing tropical forest loss throughmultiple-use?
Manuel R. Guariguata
“Forestresourcesandforestlandsshouldbesustainablymanagedtomeetthesocial,economic,ecological,culturalandspiritualneedsofpresentandfuturegenerations.
Theseneedsareforforestproductsandservices,suchaswoodandwoodproducts,water,food,fodder,medicine,fuel,shelter,employment,recreation,habitatsforwildlife,landscapediversity,carbonsinksandreservoirs,andforotherforestproducts.”
20yearsagoinRio…
• Foodsupplieswillexpand70%by2050anddemandforwoodandfiberwillconcurrentlyincrease
• Howcanwesustainenoughproductiveforestandlandavailableforagriculturetomeetcurrentdemandswithoutfurtherforestconversion?
• Keepingspaceforproductiveforestswillrequireinnovationinforestrypracticeswhilemeetingever‐growingsocietalneeds
Strict protection(IUCN I-IV)
Multiple use (IUCN V-VI)
Indigenous territories
NelsonandChomitz(2011)
How are forests being used?
Who owns the forest?
Sunderlinetal.2008
How do deforestation and degradationfit in the current scenario?
• InLatinAmericaandAsia,strictforestprotectionsubstantiallyreducedfireincidencebutmulti‐useareaswereevenmoreeffective
• Acrossthetropics,deforestationratesinprotectedareasweresignificantlylargerthaninmulti‐useprotectedareas
NelsonandChomitz2011;Porter‐Bollandetal.2012
• Technicalandmanagerialcapacitiesdifferfordifferentforestproductsandmarketopportunities
• Localcommunitiesandsmall‐scaleoperatorsstruggletoadjusttheirpracticestomeetofficialregulations—whichinturnshowlittleharmonizationformultipleobjectives
• Spatialplanningforlongtermproductionisusuallydisregarded—particularlyformultipleusesandmultipleviews
• Ossifiedtropicalforestrycurricula
Multi-use: challenges
InGuatemala,tenyearsafter
theimplementationof
communityforestconcessions,
thosewiththehighestdegree
ofproductdiversification
andsocialorganizationare
betterabletobuffereconomic
uncertainty
Radachowskyetal.2012
InPeru,segregationofproductionobjectiveswasnoteffective
AichiTarget5:Rateoflossofallnaturalhabitats,includingforests,isatleasthalved…anddegradationandfragmentationissignificantlyreduced
AichiTarget11:Terrestrialareasareconserved…andintegratedintothewiderlandscapesandseascapes
• Managementtradeoffsarecomplexandacuteinmultipleusesystems
• Sociallearningandmulti‐stakeholderdialogueisessential
• Spatialapproachesforplanning
Policy dimensions