+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario...

Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario...

Date post: 18-Mar-2020
Category:
Upload: others
View: 19 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
73
© 2015 Prognos AG Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization Strategies Washington Sep 30th, 2015
Transcript
Page 1: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Reference scenario and target scenario for theGerman energy system

Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization Strategies WashingtonSep 30th, 2015

Page 2: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 2

Start: German GHG- and energy balance(2012)

2PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 3: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

GHG balance 2012

3

Source: BMWI, BMUB

0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

700.000

800.000

900.000

1.000.000

CRF-sectors

GHG energysectors

kt CO2-eq

energy transformation

mobility

industry

domestic and services

PFC/HFC/SF₆

N₂O

CH₄

CO₂

waste

LULUCF

farming

solvents other products

industrial processes

energy emissions

Page 4: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

PED EED EED / s

mobility

industry

services

domestic

district heating

electricity

waste

nuclear fuels

renewable energies

natural gas

mineral oil products

lignite

coal

PJ

Energy balance 2012

4

Source: BMWI, BMUB

Page 5: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 5

Energy system and energy policy

5

Page 6: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

� Population– birth rates, death rates, life expectancy

– Migration

– demographic change

– «family structures», households

� Economy– Growth rate in modern industrial countries

– Interdependencies / interrelations with world economy (trade, crude materials…)

– Structural development of the economy- Declining of energy intensive sectors (e.g. basic chemistry, steel)

- Increasing sectors of medium and low energy intensity (vehicles, machine manufacturing, pharma, special chemistry, …, electric appliances, …) and services

- Less material intensity, more knowledge intensity

- Depedencies on an increasing number of crude materials and pre-products

� Long-term investment goods– buildings, power plants, cars …

– Avoid stranded investments � taking into account investment and refurbishment cycles

– Inertia of the energy system

� Energy prices, ETS, other global instruments ?

Driving factors, interdependencies

Socio-economic factors

6

Page 7: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Ex-post: ongoing decoupling of GDP and PED

7

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Ind

ex (1

990

= 1

00)

CO2-emissions Primary energy consumption GDP

+34%

-9%

-24%

Change 1990 - 2011:

Page 8: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

� Nuclear phase-out

� Long-term CO2-reduction

� � Increasing use of renewables– Problem: potentials, cost, development needed

� � Efficiency first ! – Problems: restraining factors, energy prices, investments…

� � 2 successful learning curves (wind, PV)– New flexibility of sectoral targets will be necessary

� Sub-targets in time and sectors

Targets

8

Page 9: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Driving factors

Technology, technological change (accelerating…)

9

Page 10: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

� Electric mobility

� Heat pumps

� «digitalization» � smart systems, new vulnerabilities

� Interlinkages between mobility and electricity sectors– Changing load profiles

– Direction of use of batteries? Grid-managed ?

– DSM ???

� Heat pumps– … additional load during critical hours

– …

� Increasing electrical appliances

� Electricity as a driver of energy efficiency in other sectors (industry, services)

� Increasing electricity demand (highest quality) for data infrastructure– Make or buy? CHP ? CCHP ?

� ….

Driving factors, interdependencies

Technologically induced interdependencies

10

Page 11: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Targets

Target and sub-target system, interdependencies

11

Efficiency Renewables

Main targets: CO2-

reduction,nuclear phase out,security of

supplyeconomically

efficient system

heat

transport

electricity electricity

transport

heat

Mix of energycarriers

Storage optionssystem compatibility

Substitution relationships

Page 12: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

KfW-Programm

430

Plattform Energienetze

12

Target architecture and instruments

ۤ

iiii

Reductionfinal energy demand

transporta-tion

Increasing of final energy productivity

Reg

ula

tio

n le

vel

Lev

el o

f p

olit

ical

in

stru

men

ts

EEG

KWKG

KfW-Programm

151

EEWärmeG

EnEV

MAP

NKI

BioKraftQuG

TEHG

ۤ

iiii

§

Renewable Electricity

Renewable heat

production

Reduction electricitydemand

Reductionof final energy

demand heat

Increase the ration of renewables in total energy demand

reduktion of primary energy consumption and increase of energy efficiency

stra

teg

icle

vel

iiii

Renewable energy in

transporta-tion sector

Page 13: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

What do we do ? Scenario schematics

13

1990 2010 2030 2050

Trendscenario

X

target scenario

X

X

reference prognosis scenariosEx post-development

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 14: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 14

Prognos modelling systems

Ökonomische Analysen (VIEW)

Bruttowertschöpfung, Wechselkurse, Inflationsraten, Bevölkerungsentwicklungen, regionale WertschöpfungEU-27, CH, NO

Primärenergiepreise

Internationale Preise, Grenz-übergangspreise und Preise frei Kraftwerke für Brennstoffe

Energie- & Stromnachfrage

Regionaler und europäischer Energiebedarf nach Sektoren -insbesondere Strombedarf (PHH, Industrie, GHD, Verkehr)

Erneuerbare Energien

Ausbauszenarien für erneuerbare Energien, synthetische Modellierung von Wind- und PV-Einspeiseprofilen anhand spezifischer Leistungskennlinien

Eingangsparameter

� 5.000 Kraftwerksblöcke der allg. Versorgung Industrie >50 MW

� Netztransferkapazitäten der Grenzkuppelstellen

� Stündliche Lastkurven� KWK-Profile � Investitionskosten, O&M-Kosten� Anfahrkosten� Vermiedene Netznutzungsentgelte� Flexibilitätsoptionen (Speicher, DSM etc.)� Politische Analysen (Kernkraft, MSR etc.)

Ergebnisse

� Stündlich, saisonal� Regional, Marktgebiete� Großhandels- & Endkundenpreise� Stromerzeugung, Brennstoffeinsatz� Installierte Leistung� Blockspezfisiche Einsatzplanung� Blockspezfisiche Deckungsbeiträge

(DB1, DB2, DB3)� Stromaustausch zwischen

Marktregionen� CO2-Emissionen

Modellierung

� Wohlfahrtsmaximierung� Kostenminimale

Kraftwerkseinsatzplanung� Stündliche Optimierung� Iterative Investitions-, Rückbau-

und Retrofitentscheidungen� Zeithorizont: 2050� Backtesting der Ergebnisse

mit historischen Zeitreihen

P r o g n o s E n e r g i e m o d e l l e

P r o g n o s K r a f t w e r k s m o d e l l

Page 15: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Basic dataBasic data

politicspolitics

technicalparameterstechnical

parameters

Final energydemand

(bottom-up)Prognos

Final energydemand

(bottom-up)Prognos

Electricityproduction

EWI

Electricityproduction

EWI

Primary energy

demand,Energy

carriers,Investments

costs

Primary energy

demand,Energy

carriers,Investments

costs

Electricityprices,prices

Electricityprices,prices

INPUT 1INPUT 1 MODELS 1MODELS 1 OUTPUT 1 = INPUT 2OUTPUT 1 = INPUT 2

Macroeconomic

consequences

GWS

Macroeconomic

consequences

GWS

MODELLE 2MODELLE 2

∆ GDPGVA∆ GDPGVA

∆employ-ment

∆employ-ment

OUPUT 2OUPUT 2

Reference prognosis / scenariosReference prognosis / scenarios Comparison of scenariosComparison of scenarios

Modelling system

GHGGHG

Page 16: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 16

Results in a nutshell

16

Page 17: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Project results:Development of energy markets –„Energiereferenzprognose“

Prognos / GWS/ EWI , commissioned by the German ministry of economy and energy, 2014

Page 18: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Reference scenario: primary energy consumption

18

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1990 2000 2011 2020 2030 2040 2050

Other

Renewables

Gas

Oil

Nuclear

Coal

Pop/PEC

GDP/PEC

Page 19: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Renewable energy electricity generation in ref and trend

19

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

2011 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050

Sh

are

of

gro

ss e

lect

rici

ty c

on

sum

pti

on

Hydro-streaming and reservoir Wind power onshore Wind power offshore Photovoltaic Biomass Target path

Page 20: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Energy related GHG, ref and trend

20

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1990 2011 2020 2030 2040 2050

CO

2-eq

Energy sector

Transportation

Manufacturing

Commercial

Residential

Page 21: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 21

2020 2030 2040 2050

reduction GHG-emissions

reduction primary energy demand

Productivity of final energy

reduction overall electricity demand

CHP-ratio in electricity production

renewables ratio in overall electricity demand

Renewables ratio in overall final energy demand

Heat demand in buildings

Rate of energetic refurbishment in buildings

Final energy demand transportation

Number of electric vehicles

reference / trendscenarioand target system

Page 22: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

character of target scenario

� Energy political targets have priority over other targets

� Intensification of measures and instruments– Even those that lack economic efficiency in our today’s system of prices and incentives

– More energetic refurbishment

– Faster growth of electric mobility

� Specific adapted technologies– E.g. third generation biofuels

– E.g. cost efficient high-performance thermal insulation (nanofoams?)

� factors of inertia and obstruction in the system can be overcome– Earlier refurbishments

– Changed preferences of investment decisions in corporations

22

Page 23: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Electricity sector

� Less production from CO2-intensive power plants– Additional efforts for avoiding of CO2-emissions necessary

– Additional CO2 avoiding cost of acout 12-20 EUR2011/t CO2

� Increasing development of Wind Offshore

� Additional flexibility in demand by electric mobility

� More use of biomasse and waste in the industrial sector

� More support and incentives for CHP in objects, buildings

� More space for land-bound wind energy

� Additional specific instruments for (decentral) renewable use

23

Page 24: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

GHG gas emissions in comparison (in Mio t)

Mio t

24

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

-40% -80%

Referenz-prognose

Ziel-szenario

-55% -70%

-36% -43%

-43% -56%

-54% -70%

-65% -80%

Trend-szenario

Zielwert-Energiekonzept

Page 25: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 25

2020 2030 2040 2050

reduction GHG-emissions

reduction primary energy demand

Productivity of final energy

reduction overall electricity demand

CHP-ratio in electricity production

renewables ratio in overall electricity demand

Renewables ratio in overall final energy demand

Heat demand in buildings

Rate of energetic refurbishment in buildings

Final energy demand transportation

Number of electric vehicles

Target scenario and targets

Page 26: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 26

Macroeconomic consequences(Results from GWS)

26

Page 27: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 27

GDP, employment and consumer prices

27PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 28: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 28

Conclusions and implications

28

Page 29: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

� Waiting until price relations change or big new game changing technolgies arrive is not a solution

� Economic burdens are finite and affordable – but have to be discussed

� Long term advantages

Main challenges:

� Infrastructure

� Allocation / distribution problems (acceptance questions, what is perceived as just?)

� Market models

� Integration of renewables into electricity system

Conclusions and implications

Intensified strategies are necessary - soon

29

Page 30: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 3030

the team

Page 31: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

│ Henric-Petri-Str. 9 │ CH-4010 Basel

Tel: +41-61-32 73 331E-Mail: [email protected]

Dr. Almut KirchnerPrincipal, head of department energy and climate protection policyhead of Competence center models

31

Wir geben Orientierung.

Page 32: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 32

Who we are

32

Page 33: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Developing the future for more than 50 years

33

About us

� founded in 1959 in Basel, Switzerland

� independently motivated economic research and strategy consulting

� practical strategies for firms, organisations and public sector authorities

� scientifically founded reports, forecasts and studies

� approximately 140 consultants working in interdisciplinary teams linking economic, natural and social science competences

� seven locations Basel, Berlin, Bremen, Brussels, Düsseldorf, Stuttgart, Munich

Brussels

Basle

Bremen Berlin

Düsseldorf

Munich

Stuttgart

Page 34: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Our basic work principles

34

Risk-Analysis

SWOT-Analysis

Benchmarking

Interviews / Desk Research

Prognos ownforecast models Plausibility check /

Feasibility

Competitive advantage matrix

Policy Development

Evaluation

Strategy advise

Scientific competence, expertise, commitment, experience and creativity

using own research results compiled in a substantiated, long-term and continuingly updated database and a variety of public and non-public sources, and, in particular, in-depth interviews with customers, competitors, market experts and/or suppliers.

We reseach …

... based on facts and looking for solutions. Based on our branch and technology know-how and experience, we determine the competitive position and market perspectives of the target.

We evaluate …

... on the basis of sophisticated models medium- and long-term developments. Thus we bring you closer to the future and identify the key drivers as well as optimization potentials.

We forecast …

Page 35: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Prognos Consultancy Fields

35

Cities & Regions

Global competition for businesses, investments and human capital require place-based strategies that help ensuring a sustainable future development.

Energy & Climate Protection

Designing a safe, economical and climate-friendly tomorrow’s energy supply through the foundation of political and entrepreneurial decisions.

Infrastructure & Transport

Future-proof planning, development and successful communication of technical infrastructures.

Economy & Innovation

Supporting innovation and structural change, we develop solutions for the future competitiveness of our economy, from innovation to structural policy.

Society & State

Understanding developments in society, ensuring social cohesion and strengthening the effectiveness and efficiency of the public sector.

Economy & Labour

Managing globalisation, demographic changes, labour markets and social security systems through in-depth analysis and fact-based recommendations.

We give orientation – Prognos consultancy areas

Page 36: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Prognos World Report

The annual Prognos World Report constitutes a planning instrument for decision-makers in industry and politics around the world. It comprises a consistent and comparative study of the demographic and economic development of 42 countries by the year 2040.

Prognos Germany Report

The Germany Report, which appears every four years, comprises integrated projections for Germany the following 25 years. It contains grounded assumptions on the global and political framework as well as detailed analyses and forecasts on demographic developments, private households and the macro-economy.

Prognos World Transport Report

The World Transport Report contains updated short-term and long-term forecasts of goods transport development in 30 countries of the world. The forecasts deal with all land transport modes (road, rail, inland waterways).

Prognos – Multiclient Studies and Reports

36

Page 37: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Prognos Future Atlas – Regions

Germany’s regions competing over the future: this future atlas of the regions describes the regional distribution of future opportunities and risks in Germany on the basis of 29 socio-economic indicators. It contains detailed rankings and appears every three years.

Prognos Future Atlas – Industries

This future atlas examines sector-specific concentrations of investment and regional clusters on the basis of analyses of sectors and clusters.

Waste Management Report European Atlas of Secondary Raw Materials

The Prognos report on waste management together with the European Atlas of Secondary Raw Materials provides a wealth of material on fact-based strategic analyses of market structures and actors as well as the current and future development of waste volumes, capacities and prices in Germany and Europe.

Prognos – Multiclient Studies and Reports

37

Page 38: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Prognos Technology Report

Based on a delphi approach, the Report provides key insights from industry experts and academics on current developments and new markets linked to classic and new technological fields such as ICT (digitalisation), green technologies (incl. energy technologies) or nanotechnology.

Future Report Modern State

On the occasion of the exhibition MODERN STATE (Berlin), Prognos AG conducts a survey with experts using the Delphi Method. The report presents the major challenges and trends for public sector authorities.

On the trail of future: Analyses and forecasts for the economy and society

A selection of scientific articles on all relevant fields of future research.

Publisher: Christian Böllhoff/Hans J. Barth, 2009

Prognos develops approximately 200 studies, reports and projects for its clients and customers each year.

Selected Studies and Publications

38

Page 39: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Wirtschaft, Energie, Infrastruktur:Kundenkreis aus Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft

39

Page 40: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 40

Back up – slights(more and detailed results from the aforementioned project)sorry, most of them are in German

40

Page 41: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Charakter der Referenzprognose

� Referenzprognose bietet umfassendes Bild der Energiewirtschaft und zeigt die aus Sicht der Auftragnehmer wahrscheinliche Entwicklung.

� Es werden gegenüber einer BAU-Entwicklung zusätzliche Maßnahmen angenommen– z. B. Verschärfung der EnEV

– z. B. beschleunigte Einführung von Effizienztechnologien im gewerblichen Bereich

� Es werden keine Technologiesprünge unterstellt– Nur Technologien, die bekannt, in Erprobung oder zumindest im Versuchsstadium sind,

kommen zur Anwendung.

– Spekulative Technologien werden nicht eingesetzt.

� Systemträgheiten und Beharrungskräfte werden berücksichtigt– Langlebiger Kapitalstock verzögert schnelle Veränderungen

– Hemmnisse durch bestehende Präferenzen, Prioritäten, Interessen und Informationsdefizite

� Energiepolitische Ziele sind ein Element im politischen Interessenbündel– Konsequente Verfolgung energie- und klimaschutzpolitischer Ziele nicht wahrscheinlich

– Bei Interessenunterschieden zu anderen Politikfeldern Kompromisse wahrscheinlich

41

Page 42: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Maßnahmen Endverbrauchssektoren

� Private Haushalte– Ausweitung der energetischen Sanierungen

– Sanierungen auf höherem energetischen Niveau

– Energetisch höherwertiger Neubau

– Schnellere Marktdurchdringung stromsparender Elektrogeräten / bessere Geräte

– Substitution fossiler Energieträger (und von Strom) durch Erneuerbare in der Erzeugung von Raumwärme und Warmwasser (v.a. Wärmepumpen)

� Verkehr– Beschleunigter Ausbau der Elektromobilität (Pkw)

– Weiter gehende Verbrauchsabsenkung bei Verbrennungsmotoren

– Substitution von Benzin und Diesel durch Biokraftstoffe (von Erdgas durch Biogas)

� Industrie und Gewerbe– Beschleunigter Einsatz effizienter Querschnittstechnologien

– Beschleunigte Umsetzung branchenspezifischer Effizienztechnologien

– Substitution CO2-intensiver fossiler Energien durch weniger CO2-intensive fossile Energien, Strom, Erneuerbare und Fernwärme

42PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 43: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Referenzprognose und Szenarien

43

Referenzprognose

Wahrscheinliche Entwicklung

Annahme zusätzlicher Maßnahmen(z.B. Verschärfung EnEV)

Keine Technologiesprünge

Berücksichtigung von Systemträgheitund Beharrungskräften

Energiepolitische Ziele als ein Element im politischen Interessenbündel

Zielszenario

Zielerreichung im Vordergrund

Weitere Maßnahmen, zusätzliche(implizite) Instrumente, um Hemmnisse zu überwinden

Keine Technologiesprünge

Energiepolitische Ziele sind zentral und werden vorrangig verfolgt

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 44: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 44

Socio-economic framework - Rahmendaten

44PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 45: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

19,6 17,7 16,8 15,9 14,8

44,143,4

39,636,5

35,0

16,5 18,321,8

23,723,4

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

90,0

2011 2020 2030 2040 2050

Bevölkerung nach Altersgruppen - population by age(in Mio)

Mio

45

0-24

24-64

65-+

80,2 79,4 78,2 76,1 73,1

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 46: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

1.557 1.6901.901

2.0922.280

644691

769

836

908

1816

16

16

17

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

3.500

4.000

2011 2020 2030 2040 2050

46

Mrd EUR

BWS nach Sektoren – GDP by sectors(in Mrd EUR2005)

services

Industry

Farming andforestry

2.452 2.688 3.031 3.343 3.655 (BIP)

2011-2030 2030-2050

Wachstums-rate p.a.: 1,1% 0,9%

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 47: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 47

Brennstoffpreise - Fuel prices

13,2

15,616,4

17,418,6

19,9

6,4

8,3 8,6 8,69,2 9,2

3,5 3,4 3,7 3,8 4,2 4,5

2011 2020 2025 2030 2040 20500

5

10

15

20

25

Mar

ktp

reis

e fü

r E

ner

gie

roh

sto

ffe

in E

UR

2011

/GJ

Rohöl Erdgas Kesselkohle

Ist

47PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 48: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 48

CO2-Preise – CO2-Prices in ETS

1310

25

4040

65

76

2011 2020 2025 2030 2040 20500

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

CO

2-P

reis

bzw

. Gre

nzv

erm

eid

un

gsk

ost

en in

EU

R20

11/t

CO

2

Prognose Trendszenario

Ist

48PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 49: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 49

Results reference prognosis andtrend scenario

49PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 50: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

1.715 1.364 1.326 855 752

1.5641.420 1.261

917267

1.178

650

4.525

3.760

3.225

2.715

2.296

2.923

2.399

2.158

2.128

2.023

1.463

2.183

2.517

2.630

2.886

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

2011 2020 2030 2040 2050

50

PJ 13.599 11.800 10.469 9.342 8.356

Primärenergieverbrauch nach Energieträgern (in PJ)

Steinkohle

Kernenergie

Braunkohle

Mineralöl

Naturgase

Erneuerbare

Sonstige 2011-2030 2011-2050

Veränderung: -23% -39%

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 51: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

2050

51

PJ 1.463 2.183 2.517 2.630 2.886

Wasser

Wind

PV

Geoth.

Bio-masse

Solarthermie

Umgebungs-wärme

2011 2020 2030 2040 2050

Wärme

Strom

Kraft-stoffe

EE nach Energieträgern und Verwendung (in PJ)renewable energies by carrier and use

2011-2030 2011-2050

Veränderung: +72% +97%

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 52: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

13183 73 55 42 32

89

41 3121 15 12

177

115107

9990 82

165

157131

116100

87

428

354

299

277

226

141

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1990 2011 2020 2030 2040 2050

52

Mio t 990 751 642 568 473 355

Treibhausgasemissionen nach Sektoren (in Mio t)

Private Haushalte

GHD

Industrie

Verkehr

Energiewirtschaft

1990-2020 1990-2050

Veränderung: -36% -65%

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 53: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

482 365 362 299 255

3.2982.719

2.2721.877

1.569

2.149

1.940

1.633

1.4731.343

1.876

1.802

1.764

1.747

1.751

420

408

364

306

245

557

849

968

1.062

1.127

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

9.000

2011 2020 2030 2040 2050

53

PJ 8.881 8.178 7.455 6.855 6.394

Endenergieverbrauch nach Energieträgern (in PJ)

Kohle

Mineralöl-produkte

Naturgase

Strom

Sonstige

Fernwärme

Erneuerbare

2011-2030 2011-2050

Veränderung: -16 -28%

2020 2030 2050

EE am BEEV: 22% 29% 39%

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 54: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

2.333 2.170 1.891 1.675 1.471

1.3461.133

981894

865

2.634

2.477

2.3642.243

2.155

2.568

2.397

2.219

2.0431.904

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

9.000

2011 2020 2030 2040 2050

54

PJ 8.881 8.178 7.455 6.855 6.394

Endenergieverbrauch nach Verbrauchssektoren (in PJ)

Private Haushalte

GHD

Industrie

Verkehr

-19%

-14%

-10%

-27%

2011-2030 2011-2050

-37%

-26%

-18%

-36%

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 55: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 55

Kernergebnisse Referenzprognose und Trendszenario

55PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 56: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Kernergebnisse I

� Deutliche Entkopplung von Wirtschaftswachstum und Primärenergieverbrauch– BIP wächst gegenüber 2011 bis 2030 um 24%, bis 2050 um 49%

– PEV verändert sich um -23% -39%.

– Die Primärenergieproduktivität steigt um 2,5% p.a. 2,3% p.a.

– Die Endenergieproduktivität nimmt um 2,1% p.a. 1,9% p.a. zu.

– Unterschiede durch Ausbau der Erneuerbaren in der Stromerzeugung und Ausstieg aus Kernenergie.

– Energieproduktivität erhöht sich schneller als in Vergangenheit.

� Der Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland hält an– Übererfüllung der Ausbauziele bis 2020

* Der (nationale) Anteil der EE am Bruttostromverbrauch steigt auf 41% in 2020 bzw. 52% in 2030.* Erreichung der Förderhöchstgrenze für PV (52 GW) bereits vor 2020.

– Ab 2025 kommt es zunehmend zu grenzüberschreitenden Kooperationen in Nordwesteuropa(Wind offshore in der Nordsee).

– Bis 2030 macht Wind offshore ca. ein Viertel der Windkrafterzeugung aus.

56PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 57: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Kernergebnisse II

� Internationale Klimaschutzanstrengungen für den EU ETS von Bedeutung– Klimaschutzanstrengungen gewinnen langfristig auch international an Bedeutung

– Öffnung des europäischen CO2-Regimes hin zu internationalen Klimaregimen hilft, Zielkonflikte zwischen Klimaschutz und internationaler Wettbewerbsfähigkeit sowie Verlagerungen CO2-intensiver Produktionen (Carbon Leakage) zu begrenzen und die Akzeptanz des Klimaschutzes zu stützen.

� Rückgang der THG-Emissionen . . . – . . . zwischen 2011 und 2030 bedingt durch rückläufigen PEV,

– . . . zwischen 2030 und 2050 durch weiter sinkenden PEV und abnehmende THG-Intensität des PEV.

– THG-Intensität des PEV liegt 2050 um 23% niedriger als 2011/2030.

– Zwischen 2011 und 2030 kompensiert EE-Ausbau den Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie in seiner Wirkung auf die THG-Intensität.

57PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 58: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 58

Ergebnisse Zielszenario im VergleichMain results of target scenario in comparison

58PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 59: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Charakter des Zielszenarios

� Im Vordergrund steht das Erreichen der Ziele des Energiekonzepts, nicht die wahrscheinliche Entwicklung.

� Energiepolitische Ziele sind zentral und werden vorrangig verfolgt.

� Es werden gegenüber der Referenzprognose weitere – auch unter heutigen Bedingungen nicht rentable – Maßnahmen angenommen – z. B. Ausweitung der energetischen Gebäudesanierung

– z. B. schnellerer Ausbau der Elektromobilität

� Es werden auch spezifisch angepasste Technologien unterstellt– z. B. Biokraftstoffe der dritten Generation

– z. B. kostengünstige Hochleistungswärmedämmung

� Es wird angenommen, dass Systemträgheiten entschärft und Beharrungskräfte überwunden werden können– z. B. vorgezogene Sanierungen

– z. B. veränderte Investitionspräferenzen in Unternehmen

59PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 60: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Maßnahmen Endverbrauchssektoren

� Private Haushalte– Ausweitung der energetischen Sanierungen

– Sanierungen auf höherem energetischen Niveau

– Energetisch höherwertiger Neubau

– Schnellere Marktdurchdringung stromsparender Elektrogeräten / bessere Geräte

– Substitution fossiler Energieträger (und von Strom) durch Erneuerbare in der Erzeugung von Raumwärme und Warmwasser (v.a. Wärmepumpen)

� Verkehr– Beschleunigter Ausbau der Elektromobilität (Pkw)

– Weiter gehende Verbrauchsabsenkung bei Verbrennungsmotoren

– Substitution von Benzin und Diesel durch Biokraftstoffe (von Erdgas durch Biogas)

� Industrie und Gewerbe– Beschleunigter Einsatz effizienter Querschnittstechnologien

– Beschleunigte Umsetzung branchenspezifischer Effizienztechnologien

– Substitution CO2-intensiver fossiler Energien durch weniger CO2-intensive fossile Energien, Strom, Erneuerbare und Fernwärme

60PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 61: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Maßnahmen Stromsektor

� Geringere Erzeugung aus CO2-intensiven Kraftwerken– Weitere Anstrengungen zur Vermeidung von Treibhausgasemissionen notwendig

– Entsprechende zusätzliche CO2-Grenzvermeidungskosten in Höhe von 12-20 EUR2011/t CO2

� Schnellerer Ausbau von Wind Offshore

� Mehr Nachfrageflexibilität durch Elektromobilität

� Vermehrte Nutzung von Biomasse in der Industrie

� Stärkere Förderung von KWK in der Objektversorgung

� Mehr Flächen für die Nutzung von Windenergieanlagen

� Geringere Anpassung bezüglich des Eigenverbrauchs

61PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 62: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 62

Installierte Kraftwerksleistunginstalled capacity of power plants

13 13 8 8

25 2522 20

19 17 19 17 16 165 5

30 3024 24

23 23 25 21 20 1619 16

24 24

17 17 31 28 3025 36

26 4835

6 6

2 2 2 23

33

3

3

3

0 0

8 8 8 88

88

8

8

8

11 11

4 4 4 44

44

4

4

4

29 29

38 43 40 4548

5151

54

64

70

0 0

57 10 12

1113

1113

2118

25 25 5758 62 63

68 7072

75

7578

5 5

99 8 8

7 108 11

812

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Ref. Zielsz. Ref. Zielsz. Ref. Zielsz. Ref. Zielsz. Ref. Zielsz. Ref. Zielsz.

2011 Ist 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050

Inst

allie

rte

Lei

stu

ng

in G

W

Kernenergie Braunkohle Steinkohle GasHeizöl Sonstige Brennstoffe Speicher Lauf- und SpeicherwasserWind onshore Wind offshore PV Biomasse

62

Page 63: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 63

Stromerzeugung aus EEelectricity production from renewables

3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 3% 4% 4% 4% 3% 4%

8% 8%15% 17% 16%

19% 20%22% 21%

25% 25%

32%3%5% 6%

8% 7%

9%7%

10%13%

14%

3% 3%

10%

11% 11%

12% 12%

14%13%

16%13%

16%

6% 6%

9%

10% 10%

10% 10%

13%

9%

13% 9%

13%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Ref. Zielsz. Ref. Zielsz. Ref. Zielsz. Ref. Zielsz. Ref. Zielsz. Ref. Zielsz.

2011 Ist 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050

An

teil

am B

rutt

ost

rom

verb

rau

ch

Lauf- und Speicherwasser Windkraft onshore Windkraft offshore PV Biomasse Zielpfad

Mit der Öffnung der nationalen Förderinstrumente für erneuerbare Energien erfolgt der Zubau zunehmend kostenorientiert in Europa. Deutschland beteiligt sich an den Kosten für diesen Zubau entsprechend der nationalen Ziele für erneuerbare Energien.

63PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 64: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 64

Vergleich Strompreise (real)electricity prices by consumer groups

259

292

312

284276

268

304

323

295285

272

188

218234

211203

195

227243

219210

199

148159

177

157 152 147

169

187

166 159150

55 49

6978

94 10054

7383

99 104

2011 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050

Str

om

pre

ise

nac

h V

erb

rau

cher

gru

pp

en E

UR

2011

/MW

h

Haushalte Prognose/Trendsz. Haushalte Zielszenario

Handel & Gewerbe Prognose/Trendsz. Handel & Gewerbe Zielszenario

Industrie Prognose/Trendsz. Industrie Zielszenario

Stromintensive Industrie Prognose/Trendsz. Stromintensive Industrie Zielszenario

Ist

64PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 65: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Treibhausgasemissionenim Vergleich (in Mio t)

Mio t

65

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

-40% -80%

Referenz-prognose

Ziel-szenario

-55% -70%

-36% -43%

-43% -56%

-54% -70%

-65% -80%

Trend-szenario

Zielwert-Energiekonzept

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 66: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Primärenergieverbrauch im Vergleich(in PJ)

PJ

66

0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

-20% -50%

-18% -21%

-42% -52%

Referenz-prognose

Ziel-szenario

Trend-szenario

Zielwert-Energiekonzept

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 67: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Bruttostromverbrauch im Vergleich(in TWh)

TWh

67

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

-10% -25%

-7% -11%

-10% -23%

Referenz-prognose

Ziel-szenario

Trend-szenario

Zielwert-Energiekonzept

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 68: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Endenergieproduktivität im Vergleich(Index, 1990=100)

Index

68

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

1,7% p.a.

BIP

2008-2050

Ziel Energiekonzept: 2,1% p.a.

Ergebnis Prognose/Trend: 1,9% p.a.

Ergebnis Zielszenario: 2,3% p.a.

EEV

BIP / EEV

Referenz-prognose

Ziel-szenario

Trend-szenario

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 69: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

EE-Anteil am Bruttoendenergieverbrauch (in %)

69

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

22% 24%

29% 35%

33% 46%39% 58%

18%

60%

30%

45%

Referenz-prognose

Ziel-szenario

Trend-szenario

PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 70: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 70

Gesamtwirtschaftliche Konsequenzen des Zielszenarios im Vergleich zu Referenzprognose / TrendszenarioMacroeconomic consequences in comparison ofthe scenarios (target vs. ref/trend)

70PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 71: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 71

Wirkungen auf BIP, Beschäftigung und PreisniveauDifferences in GDP, employment and consumer prices

71PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 72: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG 72

Sektorale Beschäftigungseffekte – difference in employmentby sectors

72PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014

Page 73: Reference scenario and target scenario for the German ... · Reference scenario and target scenario for the German energy system Dr. Almut Kirchner, Workshop on Deep Decarbonization

© 2015 Prognos AG

Kernergebnisse Vergleich- Interpretation

� Ziele des Energiekonzepts der Bundesregierung werden in der Referenzprognose und im Trendszenario überwiegend nicht erreicht– THG-Ziel durchgehend verfehlt, Abstand zum Ziel nimmt im Zeitverlauf zu

– Effizienzziele werden durchgehend nicht erreicht, nach 2020 / 2030 werden die Abweichungen größer

– EE-Ziele bis 2020 (fast) erreicht, danach zunehmende Zielverfehlung (bewertet nach Inlandsprinzip)

– Prognose geht trotzdem deutlich über business-as-usual hinaus

� Im Zielszenario werden die Ziele in den meisten Fällen erreicht– THG-Ziel durchgehend erreicht, bis 2030 leicht übererfüllt

– Effizienzziele werden meist erreicht oder übererfüllt Ausnahme: angestrebter Rückgang des Bruttostromverbrauchs bis 2050 wird knapp verfehlt

– EE-Ziele werden bis 2040 – zum Teil deutlich – übererfülltZiele 2050 werden knapp verfehlt (bewertet nach Inlandsprinzip)

– Vergleich mit Prognose keine Analyse der „Energiewende“

� Umsetzung des Zielszenarios wäre gesamtwirtschaftlich unkritisch– BIP und Erwerbstätige bis etwa 2030 kaum verändert, Preisniveau etwas erhöht

– Nach 2030 zeigen sich positive Effekte bei BIP und Erwerbstätigen

– Umsetzung erfordert den Abbau von Hemmnissen (Marktversagen, irrationales Verhalten, andere Rationalitäten) und würde durch international verbindliches Abkommen zum Klimaschutz begünstigt

73PROGNOS / EWI / GWS 2014


Recommended