157

REFERENCES

Abayomi M, Adebayo AS, Bennett D, Porter R, Campbell JS. In vitro antioxidant activity of

Bixa orellana (Annatto) seed extract. J App Pharma Sci 2014; 4(2):101-106.

Adegoke GO, Kumar MV, Sambaiah K, Lokesh BR. Inhibitory effect of Garcinia kola on lipid

peroxidation in rat liver homogenate. Indian J Exp Biol 1998; 36:907-910.

Adelakun EA, Finbar EA, Agina SE, Makinde A. Antimicrobial activity of Boswellia

dalziellii stem bark. Fitoter 2001; 72(7):822-824.

Afzalakhtar M, Rabber-Bhatti MH, Aslam M. Antibacterial activity of plant diffusate against

Xanthomonas compestris pv. citri. Int J Pest Manage 1997; 43(2):149-153.

Agati G, Stefano G, Biricolti S, Tattini M. Mesophyll distribution of 'antioxidant' flavonoid

glycosides in Ligustrum Vulgare leaves under contrasting sunlight irradiance. Annals

Botany 2009; 104(5):853-861.

Agharkar SP. Medicinal plants of Bombay presidency. Scientific Publ., Jodhpur, India 1991;

80-87.

Agrawal S, Kulkarni GT, Sharma VN. A Comparative study on the antioxidant activity of

methanol extracts of Acacia nilotica and Berberis chitria. Advances Natural Applied

Sci 2010; 4(1):78-84.

Agunu A, Yusuf S, Andrew GO, Zezi AU, Abdurahman EM. Evaluation of five medicinal

plants used in diarrhoea treatment in Nigeria. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 101:27-30.

Ahmad I, Mehmood Z, Mohammad F. Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for their

antimicrobial properties. J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 62:183-193.

Ahmad NS, Farman M, Najmi MH, Mian KB, Hasan A. Activity of polyphenolic plant

extracts as scavengers of free radicals and inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. J Basic

Applied Sci 2006; 2:1-7.

Ahmad S. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in biology. New York: Chapman & Hall

1995.

Ahmad VU, Hussain J, Hussain H, Jassbi AR, Ullah F, Lodhi MA, Yasin A, Iqbal M. First

natural urease inhibitor from Euphorbia decipiens. Chem Pharm Bull 2003; 51:719-

723.

158

Ahmed D, Younas S, Mughal QMA. Study of alpha-amylase and urease inhibitory activities

of Melilotus indicus (Linn.) All. Pak J Pharm Sci 2014; 27(1):57-61.

Akande WG. A review of experimental procedures of Gas Chromatography-Mass

Spectrometry (GC-MS) and possible sources of analytical errors. Earth Sci 2012;

1(1):1-9.

Akinyemi KO, Oladapo O, Okwara CE, Christopher C, Kehinde I, Fasure A. Screening of

crude extracts of six medicinal plants used in South-West Nigerian unorthodox

medicine for anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity. BMC Comp Alt

Med 2005; 5:6882-6886.

Alekshun M, Levy S. The line of least resistance. Economist 2001; 359(8220):71-72.

Ali BH, Alqarwi AA, Bashir AK and Tanira MO, Antioxidant action of extract of the traditional

medicinal plant, Rhazya stricta Decne. in rats. Phytother Res 2000; 14:469-471.

Ali MS, kumar SR, Saravanan V, Anuradha V, Valliammal N. Antibacterial activity of

medicinal herbs plants against urinary tract infection pathogens. Asian J Exp Biol Sci

2013; 4:388-392.

Ghosh NC. Comparative materia medica. Hannemann Pub., Co. Pvt. Ltd 1998; 855.

Ali NA, Julich WD, Kusnick C, Lindequist U. Screening of Yemeni medicinal plants for

antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. J Ethanopharmacol 2001; 74:173-179.

Alonso-Paz E, Cerdeiras MP, Fernandez J, Ferreira F, Moyna P, Soubes M, Vazquez A,

Veros S, Zunno L. Screening of Uruguayan medicinal plants for antimicrobial

activity. J Ethanopharmacol 1995; 45:67-70.

Alvarez J, Shoichet B. Virtual screening in drug discovery. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL:

2005.

Alzoreky NS, Nakahara K. Antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants

commonly consumed in Asia. Int J Food Microbiol 2003; 80(3):223-30.

Amalinei C, Caruntu ID, Giusca SE, Balan RA. Matrix metalloproteinases involvement in

pathologic conditions. Rom J Morphol Embryo 2010; 51:215-28.

Amarowicz R, Pegg RB, Rahimi-Moghaddam P, Barl B, Weil JA. Free radical scavenging

capacity and antioxidant activity of selected plant species from the Canadian prairies.

Food Chem 2004; 84:551-562.

159

Ames BN. Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens: oxygen radicals and degenerative

diseases. Sci 1983; 221:1256-1264.

Amin EA, Welsh WJ. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-

QSAR) models for a novel class of piperazine-based stromelysin-1 (MMP-3)

inhibitors: applying a “divide and conquer” strategy. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3849-

3855.

Amin M, Anwar F, Naz F, Mehmood T, Saari N. Anti-Helicobacter pylori and urease

inhibition activities of some traditional medicinal plants. Molecules 2013; 18:2135-

2149.

Amtul Z, Rahman AU, Siddiqui RA, Choudhary MI. Chemistry and mechanism of urease

inhibition. Curr Med Chem 2002; 26:1323-1348.

An B, Kwak J, Park J, Lee J, Park T. Inhibition of enzyme activities and the anti-wrinkle

effect of polyphenol isolated from the Persimmon Leaf (Diospyros kaki folium) on

human skin. Dermatol Surgery 2005; 31:848-855.

Anand P, Kunnumakara A, Sundaram C, Harikumar K, Tharakan S, Lai O, Sung B,

Aggarwal B. Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes.

Pharmaceut Res 2008; 25:2097-2116.

Andradea KS, Ferreiraa SRS. Antioxidant activity of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). oil

obtained by supercritical CO2. III Iberoamerican Conference on Supercritical Fluids

Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) 2013.

Andrews JM. Determination of Minimum inhibitory concentrations. J Antimicro

chemotherap 2001; 48:5-16.

Andrews RK, Blakeley RL, Zerner B. Urea and urease. Inorgan Biochem 1984; 6:245-283.

Aneja KR, Joshi R, Sharma C. Potency of Barleria prionitis L. bark extracts against oral

diseases causing strains of bacteria and fungi of clinical origin. New York Sci J 2010;

3:5-12.

Aneja KR, Joshi R. Antimicrobial activity of Amomum subulatum and Elettaria

cardamomum against dental caries causing microorganisms. Ethnobot Leaflets 2009;

13:840-849.

160

Angioni A, Barra A, Coroneo V, Dessi S, Cabras P. Chemical composition, seasonal

variability, and antifungal activity of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. Stoechas essential

oils from stem/ leaves and flowers. J Agri Food Chem 2006; 54:4364-4370.

Anonymous. The Wealth of India Raw material Vol XI X-Z, Council of Industrial and

Scientific Research, New Delhi 1989; 111-24.

Anonymous. WHO, in progress report by the director general, Document No. A44/20, World

Health Organisation, Geneva 1991.

Ao P, Hu S, Zhao A. Essential oil analysis and trace element study of the roots of Piper

nigrum L. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1998; 23(1):423-463.

Aqil F, Ahmad I, Mehmood Z. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of twelve

traditionally used Indian medicinal plants. Turk J Biol 2006; 30:177-183.

Arfan M, Ali M. Urease inhibitors from Hypericum oblongifolium. Enzyme Inhib Med Chem

2010; 25(2):296-9.

Arslan N, Bayrak A, Akgul A. The yield and component of essential oil in fennel of different

origin (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) grown in Ankara conditions. Herba Hung 1989;

28:27-31.

Aruoma OI. Nutrition and health aspects of free radicals and antioxidants. Food Chem Toxic

1994; 32:671-683.

Ashiralieva A, Kleiner D. Polyhalogenated benzo- and naphthoquinones are potent inhibitors

of plant and bacterial ureases. FEBS Letter 2003; 555:367-370.

Asolini FC, Tedesco AM, Ferraz C, Alencar SM, Carpes ST. Antioxidant and antibacterial

activities of phenolic compounds in extracts of plants used as tea. Braz J Food

Technol 2006; 9(6):209-15.

Awasthi OP, More TA. Genetic diversity and status of Ziziphus in India. Acta Hort 2009;

840:33-40.

Ayaz M, Lodhi MA, Riaz M, Ulhaq A, Malik A, Chaudhary MI. Novel urease inhibitors

from Daphne oleoids. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2006; 21:527-529.

Ayoola AG, Coker BAH, Adesegun AS, Adepoju-Bello AA, Obaweya K, Ezennia CE,

Atangbayila OT. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of some selected

medicinal plants used to malaria therapy in Southwestern Nigeria. Tropical J Pharma

Res 2008; 7(3):1019-1024.

161

Azizian H, Bahrami H, Pasalar P, Amanlou M. Molecular modeling of Helicobacter

pylori arginase and the inhibitor coordination interactions. J Mol Graph

Model 2010; 28:626-635.

Azizian H, Nabati F, Sharifi A, Siavoshi F, Mahdavi M, Amanlou M. Large-scale virtual

screening for the identification of new Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitor scaffolds.

J Mol Model 2011; 3:1-11.

Babayi H, Kolo I, Okagun JI, Ijah, UJJ. The Antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts of

Eucalyptus camaldulensis & Terminalia catappa against some pathogenic

microorganisms. Biochem 2004; 16(2):106-111.

Babine RE, Bender SL. Molecular recognition of protein–ligand complexes: applications to

drug design. Chem Rev 1997; 97:1359-1472.

Bag A, Bhattacharya SK, Bharati P, Pal NK, Chattopadhyay RR. Evaluation of antibacterial

properties of Chebulic myrobalan (fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz.) extracts against

methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole

resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Afr J Plant Sci 2009; 3(2):25-29.

Bai S, Seasotiya L, Malik A, Bharti P, Dalal S. GC-MS analysis of chloroform extract of

Acacia nilotica L. leaves. J Pharmacog Phytochem 2014; 2:79-82.

Bairy I, Reeja S, Siddharth RPS, Bhat M, Shivananda PG. Evaluation of antibacterial activity

of Mangifera indica on anaerobic dental microflora based on in vivo studies. Indian J

Pathol Microbiol 2002; 45:307-310.

Barbagallo C, Chisari G. Antimicrobial activity of three Hypericum species. Fitoterapia

1987; 58(3):175-177.

Barlow MS. Toxicological aspects of antioxidants used as food additives. In: Food antiox

(B.J.F. Hudson, Ed.) London: Elsevier 1990; 253-307.

Barrantes E, Guinea M. Inhibition of collagenase and metalloproteinases by aloins and aloe

gel. Life Sci 2003; 72:843-850.

Baskar R, Haritho K, Sudhakara G, Kumari SD. In vitro screening of antioxidant activity of

Rubia cordifolia. Int. Seminar on Med. Plants held at ISMPHP Tirupati India on 22

April 2008. BTP-26.

Basu NM, Ray GK, De NK. On the vitamin-C and carotene of several herbs and flowers used

in Ayurvedic system of medicine. J Indian Chem Soc 1947; 24:358-360.

162

Belhadji A, Kacem B, Omar ZK, Daudon M, Addou A. Etude des relations entre infection

urinaire et lithiase rénale dans l‟Ouest Algérien. Eur J Biol 2004; 269:1-8.

Bella J, Eaton M, Brodsky B, Berman HM. Crystal and molecular structure of a collagen-like

peptide at 1.9 A resolution. Science 1994; 266:75-81.

Benini S, Gessa C, Ciurli S. Bacillus pasteurii urease: a heteropolymeric enzyme with a

binuclear nickel active site. Soil Biol Biochem 1996; 28:819-821.

Benjar SGH. Screening for antibacterial properties of some Iranian medicinal plants against

two strains of E. coli. Asian J Plant Sci 2004; 3:310-314.

Berkowitz FE. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Southern Med J 1995; 88:797-804.

Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne

PE. The protein data bank. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 28:235-242.

Betoni JEC, Mantovani RP, Barbosa LN, Di-Stasi LC, Fernandes A. Synergism between

plant extract and antimicrobial drugs used on Staphylococcus aureus diseases. Mem

Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2006; 101(4):387-90.

Bhandari MM. Flora of the Indian desert, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India 1978; p.114-5.

Bharti P, Seasotiya S, Bai S, Malik A. Antibacterial, antioxidant, collagenase inhibition,

urease inhibition activities and chemical composition of the essential oil and extracts

of cinnamomum zeylanicum bark. Int J Pytomed 2013; 5:36-45.

Bhattacharjee SK. Handbook of medicinal plants. Pointer Pub, Jaipur, India 1998; 1-6.

Bhuvaneswari KS, Poongathai G, Kuruvilla A, Raju A. Inhibitory concentrations of

Lawsonia inermis dry powder for urinary pathogens. Indian J Pharmacol 2002;

34:260-263.

Biglar M, Soltani K, Nabati F, Bazl R, Mojab F and Amanlou M. Iranian J Pharma Res

2012; 11(3):831-837.

Bishayee A, Sarkar A, Chatterjee M. Hepatoprotective activity of (Daucus carota L.) against

carbon tetrachloride intoxication in mouse liver. J Ethnopharmacol 1995; 47:69-74.

Biswas B, Rogers K, McLaughlin F, Daniels D, Yadav A. Antimicrobial activities of leaf

extracts of guava (Psidium guajava L.) on two gram-negative and gram-positive

bacteria. Int J Microbiol 2013; 2013:1-7.

Blaser MJ, Characteristics of a urease-negative H. pylori mutant strain. Revista Española de

Enfermedades Digestivas 1990; 78:26-28.

163

Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 1958;

26:1199-1200.

Bo YS, Hyun PK. Inhibition of collagenase by naturally-occurring flavonoids. Arch Pharm

Res 2005; 28(10):1152-1155.

Bode G, Mauch F Malfertheiner P. The coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori. Criteria for

their viability. Epidemiol Infect. 1993; 111(3):483-490

Boer HJ, Kool A, Broberg A, Mziray WR, Hedberg I, Levenfors J. Anti-fungal and anti-

bacterial activity of some herbal remedies from Tanzania. J. Ethnopharmacol 2005;

96(3):461-469.

Bonjar SGH. Evaluation of antibacterial properties of Iranian medicinal plants against

Micrococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia and Bordella

bronchoseptica. Asian J Sci 2004; 3(1):82-86.

Braga FG, Bouzada ML, Fabri RL, Matos MO, Moreira FO, Scio E. Antileishmanial and

antifungal activity of plants used in traditional medicine in Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol

2007; 111(2):396-402.

Brand WW, Cuvelier MC, Berset C. Use of free-radical method to evaluate antioxidant

activity. LWT 1995; 28:25-30.

Brigitte N, Valerie TS, Catherine VJ, Muhammad SA, Mehreen L, Lubna I, Nigaht A,

Ephrem NA. Urease inhibitory isoflavonoids from different parts of Calopogonium

mucunoides (Fabaceae). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 28(6):1156-1161.

Brodsky B, Persikov AV. Molecular structure of the collagen triple helix. Adv Protein Chem

2005; 70:301-339.

Browner MF, Smith WW, Castelhano AL. Matrilysin-inhibitor complexes: common themes

among metalloproteases. Biochem 1995; 34(20):6602-10.

Bruneton J. Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, medicinal plants. France: Lavoisiler

Publishing Co. 1995; 265-380.

Burda S, Oleszek W. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of flavonoids. J Agri Food Chem

2001; 49:2774-2779.

Burne RA, Chen YM. Bacterial ureases in infectious diseases. Microbes Infect 2000; 2:533-

542.

164

Buxiang S, Fukuhara M. Effects of coadministration of butylated hydroxytoluene,

butylatedhydroxyanisole and flavonoide on the activation of mutagens and drug-

metabolizing enzymes in mice. Toxicology 1997; 122:61-72.

Bylka W, Matlawska I, Pilewski NA. Natural flavonoids as antimicrobial agents. J Am

Nutraceutical Assoc 2004; 7:24-31.

Cabello CM, Bair WB, Lamore SD, Ley S, Bause AS, Azimian S, Wondrak GT. The

cinnamon-derived Michael acceptor cinnamic aldehyde impairs melanoma cell

proliferation, invasiveness, and tumor growth. Free Radical Biol Med 2009; 46: 220-

231.

Camporese A, Balik MJ, Arvigo R, Esposito RG, Morsellino N, de Simone F, Tubaro AJ.

Screening of anti-bacterial activity of medicinal plants from Belize. J

Ethnopharmacol 2003; 87:103-107.

Cao G, Sofic E, Prior PL. Antioxidant and prooxidant behavior of flavonoids: structure-

activity relationships. Free Radic Biol Med 1997; 22:749-760.

Cao XZ, You JM, Li SX, Zhang YL. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts from Coriandrum

sativum. Int J Food Nut Safety 2012; 1(2):54-59.

Cellin L, Campli ED, Masulli M, Bartolomeo SD, Allocati N. Inhibition of H. pylori by

garlic extract (Allium sativum). FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1996; 13:277-279.

Chakraborti S, Mandal M, Das S, Mandal A, Chakraborti T. Regulation of matrix

metalloproteinases: an overview. Mol Cell Biochem 2003; 253:269-85

Chang CL, Lin CS. Phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and neuroprotective

effect of Terminalia chebula Retzius extracts. Evid based Comp Alt Med 2012.

Chang ST, Wu JH, Wang SY, Kang PL, Yang NS, Shyur LF. Antioxidant activity of extracts

from Acacia Confusa bark and heartwood. J Agri Food Chem 2001; 49(7):3420-3424.

Charan AA, Gupta P. Comparative analysis of antibacterial, antioxidant and photosynthetic

activity of Azadirachta indica, Rosa indica and Moringa oliefera cultivars. Int J

Current Res 2013; 5(03):556-561.

Chatterjee S, Niaz Z, Gautam S, Adhikari S, Variyar PS, Sharma A. Antioxidant activity of

some phenolic constituents from green pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and fresh nutmeg

mace (Myristica fragrans). Food Chem 2007; 101:515-523.

165

Chattopadhyay RR, Bhattacharyya SK, Medda C, Chanda S, Datta S, Pal NK. Antibacterial

activity of black myrobalan (Fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz.) against uropathogen

Escherichia coli. Phcog Rev 2007; 11:212-5.

Chaudhry NZA, Tariq P. Bactericidal activity of black pepper, bay leaf, aniseed and

coriander against oral isolates. Pak J Pharm Sci 2006; 19(3):214-218.

Chauhan RS, Singh BP, Singhal LK. Immunomodulation with kamdhenu Ark in mice. J

Immunol Immunopathol 2001; 71:89-92.

Chen JM, Nelson FC, Levin JI, Mobiho D, Moy FJ, Nilakantan R, Zask A, Powers R.

Structure-based design of a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor for MMP-13

utilizing NMR spectroscopy and computer-aided molecular design. J Am Chem Soc

2000; 122:9648-9654.

Cheng HY, Lin TC, Yu KH, Yang CM, Linn CC. Antioxidant and free redical screening activ

ities of Terminalia chebula. Bio Pharm Bull 2003; 26:1331-35.

Cho S, Won CH, Lee DH, Lee MJ, Lee S, So SH, Lee SK, Koo BS, Kim NM, Chung JH.

Red ginseng root extract mixed with Torilus fructus and Corni fructus improves facial

wrinkles and increases type I procollagen synthesis in human skin: a randomized,

double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Med Food 2009; 12:1252-1259.

Cho YH, Kim JH, Sim GS, Lee BC, Pyo HB, Park HD. Inhibitory effects of antioxidant

constituents from Melothria heterophylla on matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in

UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. J Cosmet Sci 2006; 57:279-289.

Choi E, Hwang J. Antiinflammatory analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of

Foeniculum vulgare. Fitoterapia 2004; 75:557-565.

Choi HK, Kim DH, Kim JW, Ngadiran S, Sarmidi MR, Park CS. Labisia pumila extract

protects skin cells from photoaging caused by UVB irradiation. J Biosci Bioeng 2010;

109:291-296.

Chompoo J, Upadhyay A, Fukuta M, Tawata S. Effect of Alpinia zerumbet components on

antioxidant and skin diseases-related enzymes. BMC Complement Alt Med 2012;

12:106.

Chopra RN, Nayer SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 3rd Edn. New Delhi:

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research 1992; 7-246.

166

Chung KT, Wong TY, Huang YW, Lin Y. Tannins and human health: A review. Crit Rev

Food Sci Nutr 1998; 38:421-464.

Ciurli S, Benini S, Rypniewski WR, Wilson KS, Miletti S, Mangani S. Structural properties

of the nickel ions in urease: novel insight into the catalytic and inhibition

mechanisms. Coordination Chem Rev 1999; 190-192:331-335.

Clark DE. What has virtual screening ever done for drug discovery? Expert Opin Drug

Discov 2009; 3:841-851.

Congreve M, Murray CW, Blundell TL. Structural biology and drug discovery. Drug Discov

Today 2005; 10(13):895-907.

Coussens LM, Fingleton B, Matrisian LM. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and cancer:

trials and tribulations. Science 2002; 295:2387-2390.

Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999; 12(4):564-582.

Cox B, Denyer JC, Binnie A, Donnelly MC, Evans B, Green DV, Lewis JA, Mander TH,

Merritt AT, Valler MJ, Watson SP. Application of high-throughput screening

techniques to drug discovery. Prog Med Chem 2000; 37:83-133.

Cox GM, Mukherjee J, Cole GT, Casadevall A, Perfect JR. Urease as a virulence factor in

experimental cryptococcosis. Infect Immun 2000; 68:443-448.

Cox PA, Balick MJ. The ethnobotanical approach to drug discovery. Sci Amer 1994; 270:60-

65.

Cragg GM, Newman DJ. Medicinals for the Millennia. Annals New York Academy Sci 2001;

953:3-25.

Cushnie TP, Lamb AJ. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005;

26(5):343-56.

Dabur R, Gupta G, Mandal TK, Singh DD, Bajpai V, Gurav AM, Lavekar GS. Antimicrobial

activity of some Indian medicinal plants. Afr J Trad CAM 2007; 4(3):313-318.

Dahanukar SA, Kulkarni RA, Rege NN. Pharmacology of medicinal plants and natural

products. Indian J Pharmacol 2000; 32:S81-S118.

Dahiya P, Purkayastha S. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of some

medicinal plants against multidrug resistant bacteria from clinical isolates. Ind J

Pharm Sci 2012; 74(5):443-450.

167

Daiki K, Kei O, Yuri O, Hitoshi M. Inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus Globulus on collagenase

typ 1 (MMP 1). Jf Japanese Cosm Sci Society 1999; 23(2):83-86.

Dalton DA, Joyner SL, Becana M, Iturbe-Ormaetxe I, Chatfield JM. Antioxidant defenses in

the peripheral cell layers of legume root nodules. Plant Physiology 1998; 116(1):37-

43.

Das K, Tiwari RKS, Shrivastava DK. Techniques for evaluation of medicinal plants as

antimicrobial agents: Current methods and future trends. J Med Plants Res 2010;

4(2):104-111.

Das P, Pereira TA. Effects of flavonoids on thermal autooxidation of palm oil: structure-

activity relationship. J Am Oil Chem Society 1990; 67:255-258.

Dasaroju S, Gottumukkala KM. Current trends in the research of Emblica officinalis (Amla):

A pharmacological perspective. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2014; 24(2):150-159

Datta SC. Systemic Botany. 4th ed. Willey Eastern Ltd, New Delhi, India, 1998; 406.

Davies J, Davies D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

2010; 74:3417-433.

Davies KJA. Oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, and damage removal, repair, and

replacement systems. IUBMB Life 2000; 50:279-289.

De Gaulejac NSC, Glories Y, Vivas N. Free radical scavenging effect of anthocyanins in red

wines. Food Res Int 1999; 32:327-333

Demeule M, Brossard M, Page M. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition by green tea catechins.

Biochem Biophys Acta 2000; 1478:51-60

Deshmukh T, Yadav BV, Badole SL, Bodhankar SL, Dhaneshwar SR. Antihyperglycaemic

activity of alcoholic extract of Aerva lanata (L.) A. L. Juss. Ex J. A. Schultes leaves

in alloxan induced diabetic mice. J Applied Biomed 2008; 6:81-87.

Dev S. Ethnotherapeutic and modern drug development: The potential of Ayurveda. Current

Science 1997; 73:909-928.

Devi PU, Ganasoundari A. Modulation of glutathione and antioxidant enzymes by Ocimum

sanctum and role in protection against radiation injury. Indian J Exp Biol 1999; 37:262-

268.

Dhale DA, Mogle UP. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus

emblica (L.). Science Research Reporter 2011; 1(3):138-142.

168

Dhiman A, Nanda A, Ahmad S, Narasimhan B. In vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic

leaf extract of Psidium guajava L. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2011; (2):226-229.

Dinesh KN, Dinesha R, Srinivas L. Antioxidant activity of Indian medicinal plants. Indian J

Nutr Dietetics 2014; 51(1).

Dinis TCP, Maderia VMC, Almeida LM. Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen,

salicylate and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as

peroxyl radical scavengers. Arch Biochem Biophys 1994; 315:161-169.

Diouf P, Stevanovic T, Cloutier A. Antioxidant properties and polyphenol contents of

trembling aspen bark extracts. Wood Sci Tech 2009; 43(5):457-470.

Donovan JL, Meyer AS, Waterhouse AL. Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of

Prunes and Prune juice (Prunus domestica). J Agri Food Chem 1998; 46(4):1247-

1252.

Dorman HJ, Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant

volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 88(2):308-316.

Dreosti IE. Trace elements, micronutrients, and free radicals. Totowa: Human Press 1991;

149-199.

Drews J. Drug discovery: a historical perspective. Science 2000; 287:1960-1964.

Droge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev 2002;

82(1):47-95.

Duh PD, Tu YY, Yen GC. Antioxidant activity of water extract of Harng Jyur

(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat). LWT 1999: 32:269-277.

Dunn BE, Cohen H, Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997; 10:720-741.

Elamparithi D, Boominathan M. Comparative studies of antibacterial effect of fraction and

crude extract of Terminalia chebula on to pathogenic bacteria. Int J Inst Pharm Life

Sci 2011; 1(2):57-65.

Enikuomehin OA, Ikotun T, Ekpo EJ. Evaluation of ash from some tropical plants of Nigeria

for the control of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Mycopathologia 1998; 142:81-7.

Evrosimovska B, Velickovski B, Dimova C, Veleska-Stefkovska D. Matrix

metalloproteinases (with accent to collagenases). J Cell Anim Biol 2011; 5(7):113-

120.

169

Fahey JW, Zalcmann AT, Talalay P. The chemical diversity and distribution of

glucosinolates and isothiocyanates among plants. Phytochemistry 2001; 56:5-51.

Farzana MUZN, Tharique IA, Sultana A. A review of ethnomedicine, phytochemical and

pharmacological activities of Acacia nilotica (Linn) willd. J Pharmacog Phytochem

2014; 3(1):84-90.

Field JA, Lettinga G. Toxicity of tannic compounds to microorganisms. Plants Polyphenols

Basic Life Sci 1992; 59:673-692.

Filikov AV, Mohan V, Vickers TA, Griffey RH, Cook PD, Abagyan RA. Identification of

ligands for RNA targets via structure-based virtual screening: HIV-1 TAR. J Comput

Aided Mol Des 2000; 14:593-610.

Filomena C, Silvio S, Marelli M. In vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activities

of mediterranean dietary plants. J Ethno Pharmacol 2008; 116:144-151.

Firdaus M, Prihanto AA, Nurdiani R. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of Acanthus

ilicifolius flower. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3:17-21.

Firdous S, Ansari NH, Fatima I, Malik A, Afza N, Iqbal L, Lateef M. Ophiamides A-B, new

potent urease inhibitory sphingolipids from Heliotropium ophioglossum. Arch Pharm

Res 2012; 35:1133-1137.

Floyd RA. Neuroinflammatory processes are important in neurodegenerative diseases: An

hypothesis to explain the increased formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

as major factors involved in neurodegenerative disease development. Free Radical

Biology and Medicine 1998; 26:1346‐1355.

Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutases. Advanc Enzymol Related Areas Mol Biol 1986; 58:61-

97.

Friedman LA, Kimball AW. Coronary heart disease mortality and alcohol consumption in

Framingham. American J Epidemiol 1986; 24:481-489.

Gangadhar M, Bhavana P, Sunil Y, Datta S. Isolation and characterization of gallic acid from

Terminalia bellerica and its effect on carbohydrate regulatory system in vitro. Ind J

Res in Ayurveda Pharm 2011; 2(2):559-562.

Garcia D, Escalante M, Delgado R, Ubeira FM, Leiro J. Antihelminthic and antiallergic

activities of Mangifera indica L. stem bark components Vimang and mangiferin.

Phytother Res 2003; 17:1203-1208.

170

Garrido G, Gonzalez D, Delporte C, Backhouse N, Quintero G, Nunez-Sellesx AJ, Morales

MA. Analgestic and inflammatory effects of Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang).

Phytother Res 2001; 15:18-21.

Garrido G, Gonzalez D, Lemus Y, Garcia D, Lodeiro L, Quintero G, Delporte C, Nunez-

Selles AJ, Delgado R. In Vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Mangifera

Indica L. extract (Vimang). Pharmacological Research 2004; 50(2):143-149.

Gebhardt R. Antioxidant and protective properties of extracts from the leaves of the

Artichoke (Cyanara scolymus) against hyperperoxide-induced oxidative stress in

cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997; 144(2):279-286.

Geissman TA. Flavonoid compounds, tannins, lignins and related.‟ compounds. In: Florkin

M and Stotz EH (Ed.). Pyrrole pigments, isoprenoid compounds and phenolic plant

constituents 1963; 9:265.

Germano P, Sanogo R, Guglielmo M, DePasquale R, Crisafi G, Bisignano G. Effects of

Pteleopsis suberosa extracts on experimental gastric ulcers and H. pylori growth. J

Ethnopharmacol 1998; 59(3):167-172.

Ghous T, Akhtar K, Nasim FUH, Choudhry MA. Screening of selected medicinal plants for

urease inhibitory activity. Biol Med 2010; 2(4):64-69.

Giovanni BO, Marco F, Mario V, “Surveillance and management of multidrug-resistant

microorganisms”. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2011; 9(8):653-679.

Girish KS, Kemparaju K. Inhibition of Naja naja venom hyaluronidase by plant derived

bioactive components and polysaccharides. Biochem (Mosc) 2005; 70:948-952

Golam MM, Mahdia R, Manjurul KM. Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia chebula. Int J

Med Arom Plants 2011; 1(2):175-179.

Gopalakrishnan S, Vadivel E. GC-MS analysis of some bioactive constituents of Mussaenda

frondosa Linn. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2011; 2:313-320.

Gordon MH. The mechanism of antioxidant action in vitro. London: Elsevier Applied Science

1990.

Goveas SW, Abraham A. Evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of stem and

leaf extracts of Coscinium fenestratum. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2013; 6(3):218-221.

171

Gowri SS, Pavitha S, Vasantha K. Free radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity

of young leaves and barks of Acaia nilotica (L.) Del. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2010;

3(1):160-164.

Grant NH, Alburn HE. Studies on the collagenases of Clostridium histolyticum. Arch

Biochem Biophys 1959; 82:245-255.

Griffith DP, Musher DM, Itin C. Urease: the primary cause of infection induced urinary

stones. Inves Urol 1976; 13:346-350.

Gupta M, Gupta A, Gupta S. In vitro antimicrobial and phytochemical analysis of

dichloromethane extracts of Piper nigrum (Black pepper). Oriental J Chem 2013;

29(2):777-782.

Gupta S, Mediratta PK, Singh S, Sharma KK, Shukla R. Antidiabetic,

antihypercholesterolaemic and antioxidant effect of Ocimum sanctum (Linn) seed

oil. Indian J Exp Biol 2006; 44:300-4.

Gutierrez RM, Mitchell S, Solis RV. Psidium guajava: A review of its traditional uses,

phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 117(1):1-27.

Halkier BA, Gershenzon J. Biology and biochemistry of glucosinolates. Annual Review of

Plant Biology 2006; 57:303-333.

Halliwell B. Antioxidants in human health and disease. Annu Rev Nutr 1996; 16:33-50.

Han X, Shen T, Lou H. Dietry polyphenols and their biological significance. Int J Mol Sci

2007; 950-988.

Handa SS, Khanuja SPS, Longo G, Rakesh DD. extraction technologies for medicinal and

aromatic plants. Int centre sci high tech, Trieste 2008; 21-25.

Haraguchi H, Inoue J, Tamura Y, Mizutani K. Ihibition of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation

by bakuchiol, a meroterpene from Psoralea corylifolia. Planta Medica 2000;

66:569-571.

Harborne JB. Textbook of Phytochemical method. (Chapman and Hall Ltd., London) 1973:1-

393.

Harrington DJ. Bacterial collagenases and collagen-degrading enzymes and their potential

role in human disease. Infect Immun 1996; 64:1885-1891.

Hasan S, Danishuddin M, Adil M, Singh K, Verma PK, Khan AU. Efficacy of E.

officinalis on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans: A novel and

172

alternative approach to suppress quorum-sensing mechanism. Plosone 2012;

7(7):40319

Hasnah Osman, Rahim AA, Isa NM, Bakhir NM. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content

of Paederia foetida and Syzygium aqueum. Molecules 2009; 14:970-978.

Hatano T, Edmatsu R, Hiramatsu M, Mori A, Fujita Y, Yasuhara T, Yoshida T, Okuda T.

Effects of the interaction of tannins with coexisting substances. VI Effect of tannins

and related polyphenols on superoxide anion radicals and on DPPH. Chem Pharm

Bull 1989; 37:2016-2021.

Hegde K, Joshi AB. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of Carissa Spinarum root extract

against ccl4 and paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in rats. Bangladesh J

Pharmacol 2010; 5(1):73-76.

Hemamalini, Jithesh, Nirmala. Phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of plant Acacia nilotica

by GCMS method. Advan Biol Res 2013; 7(5):141-144.

Hohmann J, Zupto I, Redei D, Csanyi M, Falkay G, Mathe I, Janicsa G. Protective effects of

the aerial parts of Salvia officinalis, Melissa officinalis and Lavandula

angustifolia and their constituents against enzyme dependent and enzyme independent

lipid peroxidation. Planta Med 1999; 65:576-578.

Hollman PC, Arts IC. Flavonols, flavones and flavanols – nature, occurrence and dietary

burden. J Sci Food Agri 2000; 80 (7):1081-1093.

Hopkins SC, Vale RD, Kuntz ID. Inhibitors of kinesin activity from structure-based computer

screening. Biochemistry 2000; 39:2805-14.

Horvath IS, Taherzadeh MJ, Niklasson, Liden G. Effects of furfural on anaerobic continuous

cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotech Bioeng 2001; 75:540.

Hostettmann K, Marston A. Saponins chemistry and pharmacology of natural products.

University Press, Cambridge 1995.

Hou T, Xu X. Recent development and application of virtual screening in drug discovery: an

overview. Curr Pharm Des 2004; 10(9):1011-1033.

Hseieh CL, Yen GC. Antioxidant actions of Du-Zhong (Eucommia ulmoides) toward

oxidative damage in biomolecules. Life Sci 2000; 66(15):1387-1400.

173

Hsu MF, Chiang BH. Stimulating effects of Bacillus subtilis natto-fermented Radix astragali

on hyaluronic acid production in human skin cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 125:474-

481.

Hu L, Yu W, Li Y, Prasad N, Tang Z. Antioxidant activity of extract and its major

constituents from Okra seed on rat hepatocytes injured by carbon tetrachloride.

BioMed Res Int 2014; 2014:1-9.

Huang D, Ou B, Prior RL. The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays. J Agric Food

Chem 2005; 53:1841-1856.

Huang D, Ou B, Prior RL. The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays. J Agric Food

Chem 2005; 53:1841-1856

Hussein G, Miyashiro H, Nakamura N, Hattori M, Kawahata T, Otake T, Kakiuchi N,

Shimotohno K. Inhibitory effects of Sudanese plant extracts on HIV-1 replication and

HIV-1 protease. Phytotherapy Res 1999; 13:31-36.

Inbathamizh L, Padmini E. Quinic acid as a potent drug candidate for prostate cancer-A

comparative pharmacokinetic approach. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2013; 6(4):106-112

Int J Food Sci Tech 2002; 37:153-161.

Iqbal ML, Fatima N, Siddiqui K, Afza N, Haq MZU and Ahmad M. Urease inhibition and

antioxidant activity of roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Pak J Pharm Sci 2012; 25(1):99-

102.

Iqbal PJ. Phytochemical screening of certain plant species of Agra city. J Drug Deliv Therap

2012; 2(4):135-138.

Irfan M, Ali M, Ahmed H, Anis I, Khan A, Chaudhary MI, Shah MR. Urease inhibitors from

Hypericum oblongifolium wall. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:296-299.

Irobi ON. Activities of Chromolaenaodorata (Compositae) leaf extract against Pseudomonas

aeruginosa and Streptococcus faecelis. J Ethnopharmacol 1992; 37:81-83.

Ishaq MS, Hussain MM, Afridi MS, Ali G, Khattak M, Ahmad S, Shakirullah. In

Vitro phytochemical, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of leaf, stem, and root

extracts of Adiantum capillus veneris. Sci World J 2014; 2014:1-7.

Islam ME, Haque ME, Mosaddik MA. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of Sida

rhombifolia (Malvaceae) grown in Bangladesh. Phytother Res 2003; 17(8):973-5.

174

Iswarya S, Radhakrishnan N, Kavitha V, Mandal AB, Gnanamani A. Inhibition activity of

Indian medicinal plants: an approach to moderate collagen turnover. Int J Bioassays

2014; 3:2075-2078.

Iwu MW, Duncan AR, Okunji CO. New antimicrobials of plant origin. Janick J (ed.),

Perspectives on new crops and new uses 1999; 457-462.

Jacobsen EJ, Mitchell MA, Hendges SK. Synthesis of a series of stromelysin-selective

thiadazole urea matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 1999; 42:1525-1536.

Jain N, Goyal S, Ramawat KG. Evaluation of antioxidant properties and total phenolic

content of medicial plants used in diet therapy during postpartum healthcare in

Rajasthan. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2011: 3:248­253.

Jain SK, Singh GK. Preliminary phytochemical sereening and in Vitro antioxidant activity of

extracts of whole plant of Sonchus Oleraceus Asteraceae. Res J Pharmaceutical Sci

2014; 3(3): 1-12.

Janet R, Donato DP, Magda G, Susanna M, Rene D, Massimiliano C, Stefano M. Effects of a

natural extract from Mangifera Indica L, and its active compound, mangiferin, on

energy state and lipid peroxidation of red blood cells. Biochimica et Biophysics Acta

2006; 1760(9):1333-1342.

Javale P, Sabnis S. Antimicrobial properties and phytochemical analysis of Emblica

officinalis. Asian J Exp Biol Sci 2010; 91-95.

Jayaprakasha GK, Singh RP, Sakariah KK. Antioxidant activity of grape seed (Vitis vinifera)

extracts on peroxidation modls in vitro. Food Chem 2001; 73:288-290.

Jebashree HS, Kingsley SJ, Devapriya D. Antimicrobial activity of few medicinal plants

against clinically isolated human cariogenic pathogens-An in vitro study. ISRN Dent

2011; 541421.

Jin HZ, Du JL, Zhang WD, Yan SK, Chen HS, Lee JH, Lee JJ. A new quinazolinedione

alkaloid from the fruits of Evodia officinalis. Fitoterapia 2008; 79:317.

Jorgensen WL. Efficient drug lead discovery and optimization. Acc Chem Res 2008; 42:724-

733.

Jorgensen WL. The many roles of computation in drug discovery. Science 2004;

303(5665):1813-1818.

175

Jothy SL, Yeng C, Sasidharan S. Chromatographic and spectral fingerprinting of Polyalthia

longifolia, a source of phytochemicals. Bioresource 2013; 8(4):5102-5119.

Jung E, Lee J, Baek J, Jung K, Lee J, Huh S, Kim S, Koh J, Park D. Effect of Camellia

japonica oil on human type I procollagen production and skin barrier function. J

Ethnopharmacol 2007; 112:127-131.

Juszkiewicz A, Zaborska A, Laptas A, Olech Z. A study of the inhibition of jack bean urease

by garlic extract. Food Chem 2004; 85:553-558.

Kalimuthu K, Vijayakumar S, Senthilkumar R. Antimicrobial activity of the biodiesel plant,

Jatropha curcas L. Int J Pharma and Bio Sciences 2010; 1(3):1-5

Kandangath R, Kumar A, Pal A, Khanum F, Bawa AS. Nutritional, medicinal and industrial

uses of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds-An overview. Agric Conspec Sci 2010;

75 (4):159-166.

Kant K, Walia M, Singh B. Evaluation of Antioxidant activity of Picrorhiza kurroa (leaves)

extracts. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 75(3):324-329.

Kapoor N, Mehta D, Gupta M, Mehta KB. GC-MS Analysis and anti-microbial activity of

Psidium Guajava (leaves) grown in Malva region of India. Int J Drug Dev Res 2011;

3(4):237-245.

Kapoor S. In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of common

medicinal plants. Biotechnol 2014; 4(2):10-11.

Kasote DM, Pawar NM, Sadgir SK, Bharati KT, Jagtap SD, Hegde MV. Int Food Res Jl

2013; 20(6):3133-3139.

Kathirvel A, Sujatha V. In vitro assessment of antioxidant and antibacterial properties of

Terminalia chebula Retz. leaves. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012; S788-S795.

Kaur C, Kapoor HC. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of some Asian

vegetables. Int J Food Sci Tech 2002; 37(2):153 -161.

Kaur S, Mondal P. Study of total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and

antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants. Microbiol Exp 2014; 1(1):00005.

Kayser O, Kiderlen AF. In vitro leishmanicidal activity of naturally occurring chalcones.

Phytother Res 2001; 1:148.

Kayser PB, Ferreira EI. Leishmaniasis phytotherapy. Nature‟s leadership against an ancient

disease. Fitoterapia 2001; 72:599-618.

176

Kedzia B. Antimicro-organism Activity of Oil. Chamomillae and its Components, Herba

Polonica 1991; 37: 29-38.

Keri G, Orfi L, Eros D, Hegymegi-Barakonyi B, Szantai-Kis C, Horvath Z, Waczek F,

Marosfalvi J, Szabadkai I, Pato J, Greff Z, Hafenbradl D, Daub H, Muller G, Klebl B.

UA, Signal transduction therapy with rationally designed kinase inhibitors. Current

Signal Transduction Therapy 2006; 1:67-95.

Keskin D and Toroglu S. Studies on antimicrobial activities of solvent extracts of different

spices. J Environ Biol 2011; 32:251-256.

Khamsah SM, Akowah G, Zhari I. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Orthosiphon

stamineus benth from different geographical origin. J Sustainability Sci Mgmt 2006;

1:14-20.

Khan AW, Jan S, Parveen S, Khan RA, Saeed A, Tanveer AJ, Shad AA. Phytochemical

analysis and enzyme inhibition assay of Aerva javanica for ulcer. Chem Central Jl

2012; 6:76.

Khopde SM, Priyadarsini KI, Mohan H, Gawandi VB, Satav JG, Yakhmi JV, Banavalikar MM,

Biyani MK, Mittal JP. Characterizing the antioxidant activity of amla (Phyllanthus

emblica) extract. Curr Sci 2001; 81:185-190.

Khosla S, Sharma S. A short description on pharmacogenetic properties of Emblica

officinalis. Spatula DD 2012; 2(3):187-193

Kim EH, Hong KS, Hong H, Hahm KB. Detouring the undesired route of Helicobacter

pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis. Cancers 2011; 3:3018-3028.

Kim HG, Cho JH, Jeong EY, Lim JH, Lee SH. Growth inhibitory activity of active

component of Terminalia chebula fruits against intestinal bacteria. J Food Prot 2006;

69(9):2205-9.

Kim HK, Choi YW, Lee EN, Park JK, Kim SG, Park DJ, Kim BS, Lim YT, Yoon S. 5-

Hydroxymethylfurfural from black garlic extract prevents TNFα-induced monocytic

cell adhesion to HUVECs by suppression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1

expression, reactive oxygen species generation and NF-κB activation. Phytotherapy

Res 2011; 25: 965-74.

Kim MM, Quang VT, Mendis E, Rajapakse N, Jung WK, Byun HG, Jeon YJ, Kim SK.

Phlorotannins in Ecklonia cava extract inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity. Life

Sci 2006; 79:1436-1443.

177

Kim S, Kim Y, Kim JE, Cho KH, Chung JH, Berberine inhibits TPA-induced MMP-9 and

IL-6 expression in normal human Keratinocytes. Phytomed 2008; 15:340-347.

Kim SH, Turnbull J, Guimond S. Extracellular matrix and cell signalling: the dynamic

cooperation of integrin, proteoglycan and growth factor receptor. J Endocrinol 2011;

209:139-151.

Kim SJ, Sancheti SA, Sancheti SS, Um BH, Yu SM, Seo SY. Effect of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-

galloyl-d-glucose on elastase and hyaluronidase activities and its type II collagen

expression. Acta Polon Pharm Drug Res 2010; 67:145-150.

Kim Y, Uyama H and Kobayashi S, Inhibition effects of (+)- catechin aldehyde poly

condensates on proteinases causing proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 320:256-261.

Kirira PG, Rukunga GM, Wanyonyi AW, Muregi FM, Gathirwa JW, Muthaura CN, Omar

SA, Tolo F, Mungai GM, Ndiege IO. Anti-plasmodial activity and toxicity of extracts

of plants used in traditional malaria therapy in Meru and Kilifi Districts of Kenya. J

Ethnopharmacol 2006; 106:403-407.

Kitchen DB, Decornez H, Furr JR, Bajorath J. Docking and scoring in virtual screening for

drug discovery: methods and applications. Nature reviews 2004; 3(11): 935-49.

Kitts DD, Yuan YV, Wijewickreme AN, Hu C. Antioxidant properties of a North American

gingseng extract. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 2000; 203:1-10.

Kiyama R, Tamura Y, Watanabe F, Tsuzuki H, Ohtani M, Yodo M. Homology modeling of

gelatinase catalytic domains and docking simulations of novel sulfonamide inhibitors.

J Med Chem 1999; 42:1723-1738.

Klebe G. Virtual ligand screening: strategies, perspectives and limitations. Drug Discov

Today 2006; 11:580-595.

Koday NK, Rangaiah GS, Bobbarala V, Churukuri S. Bactericidal activities of different

medicinal plant extracts against ocular pathogens viz. corynebacterium macginleyi.

Drug Inven today 2010; 2(1):5-7.

Koehn FE, Carter GT. Nat. The evolving role of natural products in drug discovery. Rev

Drug Discov 2005; 4:206-220.

Konig GM. Meeresorganismen als quelle pharmazeutisch bedeutsamer naturstoffe. Deutsche

Apotheker Zeitung 1992; 132(14):673-683.

178

Konopka A, Furbacher P, Gedney C. Introduction to microbiology. Pearson Education

Limited 2003.

Kosikowska P, Berlicki L. Urease inhibitors as potential drugs for gastric and urinary tract

infections: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21(6):945-957.

Krajewska B, Zaborska W. Jack bean urease: The effect of active site binding inhibitors on

the reactivity of enzyme thiol groups. Bioorg Chem 2007; 35:355-365.

Kris-Etherton PM, Lefevre M, Beecher GR, Gross MD, Keen CL, Etherton TD. Bioactive

compounds in nutrition and health-research methodologies for establishing biological

function: the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids on

atherosclerosis. Ann. Rev Nutr 2004; 24:511-538.

Krishnaraju AV, Rao TVN, Sundararajua D, Vanisreeb M, Tsayb HS, Subbarajua GV.

Assessment of bioactivity of Indian medicinal plants using brine shrimp (Artemia

salina) lethality assay. Int J App Sci Engineering 2005; 2:125-134.

Kubinyi H. Success stories of computer-aided design. In: Ekins S, Wang B,

editors. Computer applications in pharmaceutical research and development. Wiley-

Interscience 2006; 377-424.

Kujala TS, Loponen JM, Klika KD and Pihlaja K. Phenolic and betacyanins in red beet root

(Beta vulgaris) root: distribution and effects of cold storage on the content of total

phenolics and three individual compounds. J Agri Food Chem 2000; 48:5338-5342.

Kumar PK, Reetha D. Screening of antimicrobial properties of certain Indian medicinal

plants. Journal of Phytology 2009; 1:193-198.

Kumar SA, Mazumder A, Vanitha J Venkateshwaram K, Kamalakannan K, Sivakumar T.

Evaluation of antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected

Indian medicinal plants. Pharmacognosy Magazine 2008; 4:143-147.

Kumar SNK, Suresh M, Kumar SA, Kalaiselvi P. Bioactive compounds, radical scavenging,

antioxidant properties and FITR spectroscopy study of Morinda citrifoila fruit

extracts. Int J Curr Micobio. App Sci 2014; 3(2):28-42.

Kumar U, Kumar K, Indumathy CK. Antimicrobial activity of Rosa indica aginst gram

positive and gram negative microorganisms. Int J Microbiol Res 2012; 4(3):182-185.

Kuntz ID. Structure-based strategies for drug design and discovery. Science 1992; 257:1078-

1082.

179

Kunz M. Hydroxy methyl furfural, a possible basis chemical industrial intermediates. Studies

in plant science, Inulin and inulin containing crops 1993; 3:149-160.

Laghari AH, Memon S, Nelofar A, Khan KM, Yasmin A, Syed MN, Aman A. A new

flavanenol with urease-inhibition activity isolated from roots of manna plant

Camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum). J Mol Structure 2010; 965:65-67

Lee BC, Lee SY, Lee HJ, Sim GS, Kim JH, Kim JH, Cho YH, Lee DH, Pyo HB, Choe TB,

Moon DC, Yun YP, Hong JT. Anti-oxidative and photoprotective effects of

coumarins isolated from Fraxinus chinensis. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:1293-1301.

Lee KG, Shibamoto T. Antioxidant properties of aroma compounds isolated from soybeans

and mung beans. J Agri Food Chem 2000; 48:4290-4293.

Lee SE, Hyun JH, Ha JS, Jeong HS, Kim JH. Screening of medicinal plant extracts for

antioxidant activity. Life Sciences 2003; 73:167-179.

Lee SY, Kim MR, Choi HS, Moon HI, Chung JH, Lee DG, Woo ER. The effect of

curculigoside on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in cultured human skin

fibroblasts. Arch Pharm Res 2009b; 32:1433-1439.

Lee YL, Lee MH, Chang HJ, Huang PY, Huang IJ, Cheng KT, Leu SJ. Taiwanese native

plants inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity after ultraviolet B irradiation.

Molecules 2009; 14:1062-1071.

Lengauer T, Rarey M. Computational methods for biomolecular docking. Curr Opin Struct

Biol 1996; 6(3):402-6

Levy SB. The challenge of antibiotic resistance. Scientific American (online). (Cited

November

26,2001)AvailablefromInternetURLhttp://www.sciam.com/1998/0398issue/0398levy.

html

Lewis R. The rise of antibiotic-resistant infections. FDA Consumer magazine 1995;

Available from Internet URL http://www.fda.gov.fdac/features/795_antibio.html

Li YH, Wu Y, Wei HC, Xu YY, Jia LL, Chen J, Yang XS, Dong GH, Gao XH, Chen HD.

Protective effects of green tea extracts on photoaging and photommunosuppression.

Skin Res Technol 2009; 15:338-345.

Limuro M, Wakabayashi K. Preventive effects of Cladosiphon Fucoidan against

Helicobacter pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils. Helicobacter 2003; 8:59-65.

180

Lin T, Kwon YI, Labbe RG, Shetty K. Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori and associated

urease by oregano and cranberry phytochemical synergies. Appl Environ Microbiol

2005; 71:8558-8564.

Liu F, Ng TB. Antioxidative and free radical scavenging activities of selected medicinal

herbs. Life Sci 2000; 66:725-735.

Liu Q, Yao H. Antioxidant properties of barley seed extracts. Food Chem 2006; 102:732-737.

Liu X, Zhu L, Tan J, Zhou X, Xiao L, Yang X, B. Glucosidase inhibitory activity and

antioxidant activity of flavonoid compound and triterpenoid compound from

Agrimonia Pilosa Ledeb. BMC Complement Alt Med 2014; 14:12.

Longatti TR, Cenzi G, Lima LARS, Oliveira RJS, Oliveira VN, Da Silva SL, Ribeiro RIMA.

Inhibition of gelatinases by vegetable extracts of the species Tapirira guianensis

(Stick pigeon). British J Pharma Res 2011; 1(4):133-140.

Madhan B, Krishnamoorthy G, Rao JR, Nair BU. Role of green tea polyphenols in the

inhibition of collagenolytic activity by collagenase. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 41:16-

22.

Mahesh B, Satish S. Antimicrobial activity of some important medicinal plant against plant

and human pathogens. World J Agri Sci 2008; 4(S):839-843.

Maisuthisakul P, Suttajit M, Pongsawatmanit R. Assessment of phenolic content and free

radical scavenging capacity of some Thai indigenous plants. Food Chem 2005;

100:1409-1418.

Makkar HPS. In vitro inhibition of rumen urease by Melon (Cucumis melo) seed urease

inhibitor. J Dairy Sci 1980; 63(5):785-788.

Malekzadeh F, Ehsanifar H, Shahamat M, Levin M, Colwell RR. Antibacterial activity of

black myrobalan (Terminalia chebula Retz) against Helicobactor pyloli. Int J

Antimicrob Agents 2001; 18:85-8.

Malekzadeh F. Antimicrobial activity of Lawsonia inermis. L App Microbiol 1968;

16(4):663-664.

Malemud CJ. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in health and disease: an overview. Front

Biosci 2006; 11:1696-701

Mancini J, Van-Koiij A, Mancini DA, Cozolino FF, Torres RP. Antioxidant activity of

Cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts. Bull Chem Farm 1998; 137:443-44.

181

Manikandaselvi S, Brindha P, Nandhini S, Saralla R. Comparative chemical standardization

studies on Emblica officinalis Gaertn. fruit collected from two different localities. Int

J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014; 6(1):63-69.

Manjari SA, Kanti CC, Sarojini N, Sriti K. Correlation between phytochemical screening and

in vitro antibacterial study of Rosa indica Linn. leaves. IJRAP 2011; 2(5):1595-1597.

Manoj Goyal, Nagori BP, Sasmal D. Review on ethnomedicinal uses, pharmacological

activity and phytochemical constituents of Ziziphus mauritiana (Z. jujuba Lam., non

Mill). Spatula DD 2012; 2(2):107-116.

Manosroi A, Masahiko ABE, Manosroi J. Composition of antioxidant activity of extracts

from the seeds of white pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.) to commercial antioxidants in

2% hydroquinone cream. J cosmet Sci 1999; 50:221-229.

Marja PK, Anu IH, Heikki JV, Jussi R, Kalevi K, Marina H. Antioxidant activity of plant

extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:3954-3962.

Marquina M A, Coroa G M, Araujo L, Buitrago D, Sosa M. Hyaluronidase inhibitory activity

from the polyphenols in the fruit of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus B). Fitoterapia

2002; 73:727-729.

Martel-Pelletier J, McCollum R, Fujimoto N, Obata K, Cloutier JM, Pelletier JP. Excess of

metalloproteases over tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease may contribute to cartilage

degradation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Lab Invest 1994; 70:807-15.

Martinez G, Delgado R, Parez G, Garrido G, Selles AJN, Leon OS, Evaluation of the in

vitro antioxidant activity of Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang). Phytother Res

2000; 14:424-427.

Mary JA, Priyadharshini KC, Amal GPR. “MEDDB: A medicinal plant database developed

with the information gathered from tribal people in and around Madurai, Tamil

Nadu”. Bioinformation 2012; 8:391–393.

Mason TL, Wasserman BP. Inactivation of red beet beta-glucan synthase by native and

oxidized phenolic compounds. Phytochem 1987; 26:2197-2202.

Masotti V, Juteau F, Bessiere M, Viano J. Seasonal and phonological variations of the

essential oil from the narrow endemic species Artemisia molinieri and its biological

activities. J Agri Food Chem 2003; 51:7115-7121.

182

Masuda M, Murata K, Naruto S, Uwaya A, Isami F, Matsuda H. Matrix metalloproteinase-1

lnhibitory activities of Morinda citrifolia seed extract and its constituentsin UVA-

irradiated human dermal fibroblast. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:210-215.

Mathiesen L, Malternd KE, Sund RB. Antioxidant activity of fruit exudates and C-methylated

dihydrochalcones from Myrica gale. Planta Med 1995; 61:515-518.

Matsubara S, Shibata H, Ishikawa F, Yokokura T, Takahashi M, Sugimura T, Wakabayashi

K. Suppression of Helicobacter pylori induced gasteritis by green tea extract in

Mongolian gerbils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 310:715-719.

Matter H, Schwab W, Barbier D, Billen G, Haase B, Neises B, Schudok M, Thorwart W,

Schreuder H, Brachvogel V, Lonze P, Weithmann KU. Quantitative structure activity

relationship of human neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8) inhibitors using comparative

molecular field analysis and X-ray structure analysis. J Med Chem 1999; 42:908-

1920.

Mattot V, Raes MB, Henriet P, Eeckhout Y, Stehelin D, Vandenbunder B, Desbiens X.

Expression of interstitial collagenase is restricted to skeletal tissue during mouse

embryogenesis. J Cell Sci 1995; 108:529-35.

Mc Cune ML. Johns T. Antioxidant activity in medicinal plants associated with the

symptoms of diabetes mellitus used by the Indigenous peoples of the North America

boreal forest. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 82(2):197-205.

McDermott PF, Zhao S, Wagner DD, Simjee S, Walker RD, White DG. The food safety

perspective of antibiotic resistance. Anim Biotechnol 2002; 13:71-84.

McEwen SA, Fedorka-Cray PJ. Antimicrobial use and resistance in animals. Clin Infect Dis

2002; 34:S93-S106.

Meena AK, Yadav AK, Niranjan US, Singh B, Nagariya AK, Sharma K, Gaurav A, Sharma

S Rao MM. A review on Calotropis procera Linn and its ethnobotany,

phytochemical, pharmacological profile. Drug Invention Today 2010; 2(2):185-190.

Meena PD, Kaushik P, Shukla PS, Soni AK, Kumar M, Kumar A. Anticancer and

antimutagenic properties of Acacia nilotica (Linn.) on 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a)

anthracene-induced skin papillomagenesis in Swiss albino mice. Asian Pacific J

Cancer Prevention 2006; 7:627-632.

183

Menezes DC, Borges E, Torres MF, Braga JP. A kinetic study of jack-bean urease

denaturation by a new dithiocarbamate bismuth compound. Chem Phys Lett 2012;

548:85-89.

Miao J, Wang W, Wu T, Dou D, Zhao H, Yao S, Zheng R. Studies on the reactions of

sylvatesmin and lantbeside with oxidizing free radicals. Rad Phy Chem 2004; 69:25-

29.

Mishra AK, Mishra A, Bhargava A, Pandey AK. Anitmicrobial activity of essential oils of

leaves of Cinnamomum spp. Nat Acad Sci Lett 2008; 31:314-345.

Mishra RP, Arshad M, Sami A. Antibacterial properties of Rosa indica (L.) stem, leaves and

flowers. J Pharm Biol Sci 2011; 12(15):456-460.

Mobley HLT, Hausinger RP. Microbial ureases: Significance, regulation, and molecular

characterization. Microbiol Rev 1989; 53:85-108.

Mobley HLT, Island MD, Hausinger RP. Molecular biology of microbial ureases. Microbiol

Rev 1995; 59:451-480.

Modun D, Music I, Katalinic V, Salamunic I, Boban M. Comparison of protective effects of

catechin applied in vitro or in vivo on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the isolated rat

hearts. Croatian Medical J 2003; 44(6):690-696.

Moon H, Jung JC. Effect of meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid from Machilus thunbergii Sieb and

Zucc on MMP-1 expression in heat shock-induced cultured primary human

fibroblasts. Phytother Res 2006; 20:714-716.

Moon HI, Lee J, Ok PZ, Chung JH. The effect of flavonol glycoside on the expressions of

matrix metalloproteinase-1 in ultraviolet-irradiated cultured human skin fibroblasts. J

Ethnopharmacol 2005; 101:176-179.

Moosmann B, Behl C. The antioxidant neuroprotective effects of estrogens and phenolic

compounds are independent from their estrogenic. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;

96:8867-8872.

Murugan T, Saranraj P. Antibacterial activity of various solvent extracts of the Indian herbal

plant Acalypha indica against human pathogens causing nosocomial infection. Int J

Pharmaco Biol Arch 2011; 2:1130-1136.

Mustafa O, Neil RR, Artemio ZTJ, Joseph C, Scheermens A, Raymond M. Modified 2, 2-

Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS) method to measure

184

antioxidant capacity of selected small fruits and comparison to Ferric Reducing

Antioxidant Power (FARP) and 2,2, Dipheny l-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Methods.

J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:1151‐1157.

Nabati F, Mojab F, Rezaei MH, Bagherzadeh K, Amanlou M, Yousefi B. Large scale

screening of commonly used Iranian traditional medicinal plants against urease

activity. DARU J Pharma Sci 2012; 20:72.

Nagase H, Woessner JF, Matrix metalloproteinases. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:21491-4

Nagase H. Activation mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinases. Biol Chem 1997; 378:

151-60

Nagesh KS, Shanthamma C. Antibacterial activity of Curculigo orchioides rhizome extract

on pathogenic bacteria. African J Microbiol Res 2009; 3(1):005-009.

Nagumanthri V, Rahiman S, Tantry AB, Nissankararao P, kumar MP. In vitro Antimicrobial

activity of Acacia nilotica, Ziziphus mauritiana, Bauhinia variegate and Lantana

camara against some clinical isolated strains. Iranian J Sci Technol 2012; A2:

213-217.

Nahak G, Sahu RK. Phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant activity of Piper cubeba and

Piper nigrum. J Applied Pharma Sci 2011; 01(08):153-157.

Nahar L, Rokonuzzaman. Investigation of the analgesic and antioxidant activity from an

ethanolic extract of seeds of Sesamum indicum. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 12(7):595-598.

Nain P, Saini V, Sharma S. In-vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Emblica

officinalis leaves extract. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012; 4(1):385-389.

Nair R, Chanda S. Antibacterial activities of some medicinal plants of the Western region of

India. Turkish J Biol 2007; 3:231-236.

Nascimento SC, Chiappeta A, Lima RM. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities in plants

from pernambuco, Braz. Fitoter 1990; 61:353-355.

NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). Methods for dilution

antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically, Approved

Standard. M7-A5. 2000.

Ncube NS, Afolayan AJ, Okoh AI. Assessment techniques of antimicrobial properties of

natural compounds of plant origin: current methods and future trends. Afr J

Biotechnol 2008; 7 (12):1797-1806.

185

Nelson AR, Fingleton B, Rotherberg ML, Matrisian LM. Matrix metalloproteinases: biologic

activity and clinical implications. J Clin Oncolog 2000; 18:1135-1149.

Nema NK, Maity N, Sarkar B, Mukherjee PK. Cucumis sativus fruit potential antioxidant,

anti-hyaluronidase, and anti-elastase agent. Archives Dermatol Res 2011; 303:247-

252.

Newman DJ, Cragg G, Snader KM. The influence of natural products upon drug discovery.

Nat Prod Rep 2000; 17:175-285.

Newman DJ, Cragg GM, Snader KM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the

period 1981-2002. J Nat Prod 2003; 66:1022-1037.

Ngameni B, Touaibia M, Belkaid A, Ambassa P, Watchueng J, Patnam R, Ngadjui BT,

Annabi B, Roy R. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion by chalcones

from the twigs of Dorstenia barteri Bureau. ARKIVOC 2007; (9):91-103.

Ngoci NS, Ramadhan M, Ngari MS, Leonard OP. Screning for antimicrobial activity of

Cisampelos pareira L. methanol root extract. European J Med Plants 2014; 4(1):45-

51.

Nimni ME, Harkness RD. in: M.E. Nimni (Ed.), Collagen, Biochemistry, vol. 1, CRC Press,

Boca Raton 1988.

Norshazila SJ, Syed ZI, Mustapha SK, Aisyah MR, Kamarul RK. Antioxidant levels and

activities of selected seeds of Malaysian tropical fruits. Malays J Nutr 2010;

16(1):149-59.

Nwodo UU, Ngene AA, Iroegbu CC, Obiiyeke GC. Effects of fractionation on antibacterial

activity of crude extracts of Tamarindus indica. African J Biotechnol 2010;

9(42):7108-7113.

Odake S, Nakahashi K, Morikawa T, Takebe S, Kobashi K. Inhibition of urease activity by

dipeptidyl hydroxamic acids. Chem Pharm Bull 1992; 40:2764-2768.

Ogundiya MO, Okunade MB, Kolapo AL. Antimicrobial activities of some Nigerian chewing

sticks. Ethnobo Leaflets 2006; 10:265-71.

Oh HI, Shim JS, Gwon SH, Kwon HJ, Hwang JK. The effect of xanthorrhizol on the

expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and type-I procollagen in ultraviolet-

irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Phytother Res 2009; 23:1299:1302.

186

Okeke MI, Iroegbu CU, Eze EN, Okoli AS, Esimone, CO. Evaluation of extracts of the roots

of Landolphia owerrience for antibacterial activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;

(78):119-127.

Oki T, Masuda M, Furuta S, Nishibia Y, Terahara N, Suda I. Involvement of

anthocyaninsand other phenolic compounds in radical-scavenging activity of purple-

fleshed sweet potato cultivars. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 67:1752-6

Okwu DE, Okwu ME. Chemical composition of Spondias mombin Linn. plant parts. J

Sustain Agric Environ 2004; 6(2):140-147.

Okwu DE. Flavouring properties of spices on cassava fufu. Afric J Roots Tuber Crops 1999;

2:19-21.

Okwu DE. Phytochemicals, vitamins and mineral contents of two Nigerian medicinal plants.

Int J Mol Med Adv Sci 2005; 1(4):375-381.

Olajide OA, Makinde JM, Awe SO. Evaluation of the pharmacological properties of nutmeg

oil in rats and mice. Pharmaceutical Biol 2000; 38:385-90.

Olsen HE, Fadnes B, Sylte I, Uhlin-Hansen L, Winberg JO. Regulation of matrix

metalloproteinase activity in health and disease. FEBS J 2010; 278(1):28-45.

Olsen I, Dahlen G. Salient virulence factors in anaerobic bacteria, with emphasis on their

importance in endodontic infections. Endodontic Topics 2004; 9:15-26.

Olson AJ, Goodsell DS. Automated docking and the search for HIV protease inhibitors. SAR

QSAR Environ Res 1998; 8:273-85.

Oprea TI, Matter H. Integrating virtual screening in lead discovery. Curr Opin Chem Biol

2004; 8(4):349-358.

Orhue PO, Momoh ARM, Igumbor EO, Esumeh FI. Antibacterial effect of Azadirachta

indica (CN: Neem or Dongo Yaro) parts on some urinary tract bacterial isolates.

Asian J Plant Sci Res 2014; 4(2):64-67.

Oudhia P, Joshi BS and Kosta VK. The possibilities of preparing homeopathic drugs from the

obnoxious weeds of Chhattisgarh. Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika 1998; 13:

53-57.

Ozbek H, Ugras S, Dulger H, Bayram I, Tuncer I, Ozturk G. Hepatoprotective effect of

Foeniculum vulgare essential oil. Fitoterapia 2003; 74:317-319.

187

Pandian MR, Banu GS, Kumar G. A study of the antimicrobial activity of Alangium

salviifolium. Indian J Pharmacol 2006; 38(3):203-204.

Pareek OP. Fruits for the Future 2: Ber, International Centre for Underutilised Crops,

University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 2001; p.1-32.

Parekh J, Jadeja D, Chanda S. Efficacy of aqueous and methanol extracts of the medicinal

plants for potential antibacterial activity. Turk J Biol 2005; 29:203-210.

Parekh J, Karathia N, Chanda S. Evaluation of antibacterial activity and phytochemical

analysis of Bauhinia variegata L. bark. Afr J Biomed Res 2006; 9:53-56.

Parr AJ, Bolwell GP. Phenols in plant and in man: The potential for possible nutritional

enhancement of the diet by modifying the phenols content or profile. J Sci Food Agric

2000; 80:985-1012.

Patel RS. Antioxidant role of curry (Murraya Koenigii) and betel (Piper betel) leaves in

Ghee. J Sci Technol 1979; 16:158-160.

Pedrazzini F, Tarsitano R, Nannipieri P. The effect of phenyl phosphorodiamidate on urease

activity and ammonia volatilization in flooded rice. Biol Fertility Soils 1987; 3:183-

188.

Pemp E, Renznicek G, Krenn L. Fast quantifications of flavonoids in Filipendule Ulmariae

Flos by HPLC/ESI-MS using a nonporous stationary phase. J Analytical Chem 2007;

62:669-673.

Perez L, Anesini C. In vitro antibacterial activity of Argentina folk medicinal plants against

Salmonella typhi. J Ethanopharmacol 1994; 44(1):41-46.

Perola E, Xu K, Kollmeyer TM, Kaufmann SH, Prendergast FG, Pang YP. Successful virtual

screening of a chemical database for farnesyltransferase inhibitor leads. J Med Chem

2000; 43:401-408.

Perry NB, Anderson RE, Brennan NJ, Douglas MH, Heaney AJ, McGimpsey JA, Smallfield

BM. Essential oils from Dalmation Sage (Salvia officinalis L.): variations among

individuals, plant parts, seasons and sites. J Agri Food Chem 1999; 47:2048-2054.

Perveen S, Shafae AME, Taweel AA, Fawzy GA, Malik A, Afza N, Latif M and Iqbal L.

Antioxidant and urease inhibitory C-glycosylflavonoids from Celtis Africana. J Asian

Nat Products Res 2011; 00:1-6.

188

Peto Azam-Ali S, Bonkoungou E, Bowe C, Kock D, Godara A, Williams JT. Ber,

International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK 2006; p.1-20.

Piddock KVJ, Wise R. Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones and clinical perspective. J

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 1989; 23:475-483.

Pietta PG. Flavonoids as antioxidants. J Natural Products 2000; 63:1035-1042.

Portillo A, Vila R, Freixa B, Adzet T, Canigueral S. Antifungal activity of Paraguayan plants

used in traditional medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2001; 76:93-98.

Powers RA, Morandi F, Shoichet BK. Structure-based discovery of a novel, noncovalent

inhibitor of AmpC beta-lactamase. Structure 2002; 10:1013-23.

Prakash D, Upadhyay G, Singh BN, Singh HB. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging

activities of seeds and agri-wastes of some varieties of soybean (Glycine max). Food

Chem 2006; 104:783-790

Pratibha N, Saxena VS, Amit A, D'Souza P, Bagch, M, Bagchi D. Anti-inflammatory

activities of Aller-7, a novel polyherbal formulation for allergic rhinitis. Int J Tissue

React 2004; 26:43-51.

Prince SM, Menon VP. Antioxidant activity of Tinospora cordifolia roots in experimental

diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 65(3):277-281.

Prior RL, Wu X, Schaich K. Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant

capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. J Agric Food Chem 2005;

53:4290-4303.

Proteggente AR, Pannala AS, Paganga G, Van Buren L, Wagner E, Wiseman S, Van De Put

F, Dacombe C, Rice-Evans CA. The antioxidant activity of regularly consumed fruit

and vegetables reflects their phenolic and vitamin C composition. Free Radic Res

2002; 36:217-233

Protogeras J, Oreopolou V, Tzia C. Natural antioxidants from Salvia triloba for vegetable

oils. Riv Ital Sostanze Grasse 1998; 75(11):507-509.

Qatouseh LFA, Boutennoune H, Boussouf L, Madani K, Shihab P, Qaoud KA. In vitro

susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to urease inhibitory effects of polyphenolic

extracts of local herbs from Algeria. Int Arabic J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 3(4):1-9.

Queenan AM, Bush K. Carbapenemases: the versatile β-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev

2007; 20:440-58.

189

Rahman NU, Meng MV, Stoller ML. Infections and urinary stone disease. Curr Pharm

Design 2003; 9:975-981.

Rajakumar N, Shivanna MB. Ethno-medicinal application of plants in the eastern region of

Shimoga district, Karnataka, India. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 126:64–73.

Rajan S, Gokila M, Jency P, Brindha P, Sujatha RK. Antixidant and phytochemical properties

of Aegle marmelos fruit pulp. Int J Current Pharm Res 2011; 3(2):65-70.

Rajos A, Hernandez L, Meta R. Screening for antimicrobial activity of crude drug extracts

and pure natural products from Mexican medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1992;

35:275-283.

Rama NH, Wadood A, Obaid OR, Baber TM, Ali FI, Ahmed S, Haq Z, Khan RA, Choudhary

MI. Synthesis of 1,4-diaryl-2-naphthoates based on siteselective Suzuki-Miyaura

reactions. Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:145-149.

Ramachandran GN, Kartha G. Structure of collagen. Nature 1955; 176:593-595.

Ramsay KST, Wafo P, Ali Z, Khan A, Oluyemisi OO, Marasini BP, Khan IA, Bonaventure

NT, Choudhary MI, Atta-ur-Rahman. Chemical constituents of Stereospermum

acuminatissimum and their urease and α-chymotrypsin inhibitions. Fitoterapia 2012;

83:204-208.

Rani P, Khullar N. Antimicrobial evaluation of some medicinal plants for their anti-enteric

potential against multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi. Phytother Res 2006; 18:

670-673.

Rasheed JK, Kitchel B, Zhu W, Anderson KF, Clark NC, Ferraro MJ, Savard P, Humphries

RM, Kallen AJ, Limbago BM. New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-producing

Enterobacteriaceae, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2013; 19(6).

Raskin I, Ribnicky DM, Komarnytsky S, Ilic N, Poulev A, Borisjuk N, Brinker A, Moreno

DA, Ripoll C, Yakoby N, O‟Neal JM, Cornwell T, Pastor I, Fridlender B. Plants and

human health in the twenty-first century. Trends Biotechnol 2002; 20:522-531.

Rasko DA, Sperandio V. Anti-virulence strategies to combat bacteria-mediated disease.

Nature Reviews Drug Discov 2010; 9:117-128.

Rasool N, Tehseen H, Riaz M, Rizwan K, Zubair M, Mahmood Y, Iqbal M, Bukhari IH.

Cytotoxicity studies and antioxidant potential of Acacia nilotica roots. Int J Chem

Biochem Sci 2013; 3:34-41.

190

Rauf A, Querashi AM, Yaqub M, Rehman A, Hassan MU, Chohan ZH, Nasim M, Hadda TB.

Synthesis, charectirization and urease inhibition of 5-substituted-8-methyl 2Hpyridol

[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-diones. Med Chem Res 2012; 21:60-74.

Ravindran PN. Black pepper: Piper nigrum Series: Medicinal and aromatic plants - industrial

profiles. Center for Medicinal Plants Research, Kerala, India.2000; pp.1-526.

Reddy KR. Folk medicine from Chittoor district Andhra Pradesh, India used in the treatment

of jaundice. Int J of Crude Drug Res 1988; 26:137-140.

Rege NN, Thatte UM, Dahanukar SA. Adaptogenic properties of six rasayana herbs used in

Ayurvedic medicine. Phytother Res 1998; 13(4):275-91.

Ren BB, Ma YP, Sheng Y, Gao B. Protective action of Lycium barbarium L. and betaine on

lipid peroxidation of RBC membrane induced by hydrogen peroxide. Zhongguo

Zhongyao Zazhi 1995; 20(5):303-304.

Reynolds JEF. Essential oils and aromatic carminatives, martindale-The extra. Pharmacopeia

1982; 670-676.

Rimm EB, Ascherio A, Giovannucci E, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Vegetable,

fruit, and cereal fiber intake and risk of coronary heart disease among men. J

American Medical Assoc 1997; 275(6):447-451.

Robards K, Prernzler PD, Tucker G, Swatsitang P, Glover W. Phenolic compounds and their

role in oxidative processes in fruits. Food Chem 1999; 66:401-436.

Robineau LG, Soejarto DD. In Medicinal Resources of the Tropical Forest; Balick, M.J.,

Elisabetsky, E., Laird, S.A., Eds.; Columbia University Press: New York, USA, 1996;

318-325.

Roginsky V, Lissi EA. Review of methods to determine chain-breaking antioxidant activity

in food. Food Chem 2005; 92:235-254

Rojas JJ, Ochoa VJ, Ocampo SA, and Munoz JF. Screening for antimicrobial activity of ten

medicinal plants used in Colombian folkloric medicine: A possible alternative in the

treatment of non-nosocomial infections. BMC Compl Alter Med 2006; 6:2.

Rojas R, Bustamante B, Bauer J. Antimicrobial activity of selected Peruvian medicinal

plants. J Ethanopharm 2003; 88:199-204.

Rosa EAS, Heaney RK, Fenewick GR, Portas CAM. Glucosinolates in crop plants.

Horticultural Reviews 1997; 19:99-215.

191

Ruberto G, Baratta MT, Deans S and Dorman HJD. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of

Foeniculum vulgare and Crithmum maritimum essential oils. Planta Med 2000;

66:687-693.

Saikia AP, Ryakala VK. Sharma P, Goswami P, Bora U. Ethno botany of medicinal plants

used by Assamese people for various skin ailments and cosmetics. J Ethnopharmacol

2006; 106:149-157.

Sam SKG, Senthil KB, Ramachandran S, Saravanan M, Sridhar SK. Antioxidant and wound

healing properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract. Indian Drugs 2001; 38(7):355-357.

Sang QXA, Yonghao J, Robert G, Sara C, Xuexun F, Hurst DR, Lee S, Cao Q, Schwartz

MA. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as prospective agents for the prevention and

treatment of cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. Current Topics Med Chem 2006;

6:289-316.

Sangeetha JK, Vijayalakshmi K. Determination of bioactive components of ethyl acetate

fraction of Punica granatum rind extract. Int J Pharma Sci Drug Res 2011; 3(2):

116-122.

Saranraj P, Stella D, Reetha D. Bioactivity of Mangifera indica ethanol extract against human

pathogenic microorganisms. Novus Int J Pharm Tech 2012; 1:11-18.

Saranraj P, Stella D, Reetha D. Screening of antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus amarus

against Urinary tract infection (UTI) causing bacterialpathogens. Applied J Hygiene

2012; 1:19-24.

Saranraj P, Stella D. Antibiogram of nosocomial infection and its antimicrobial drug

resistance. Int J Pharmaco Biol Arch 2011; 2:1598-1610.

Sarkar R, Bibhabasu Hazra B, Mandal N. Reducing power and iron chelating property

of Terminalia chebula (Retz.) alleviates iron induced liver toxicity in mice. BMC

Complement Alt Med 2012: 12:144.

Sawasha SG, Yamagar VT, Gondkar PP, Mangave KK and Jadhav RG, Chemical control of leaf

spot disease of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Pestology 2003; 27:23-24.

Scalbert A. Antimicrobial properties of tannins. Phytochem 1991; 30:3875-83.

Segal ED, Shon J, Tompkins LS. Characterization of H. pylori urease mutants. Infection and

Immunity 1992; 60:1883-1889.

192

Shabana S, Kawai A, Kai K, Akiyama K, Hayashi H. Inhibitory activity against urease of

Quercetin glycosides isolated from Allium cepa and Psidium guajava. Biosci,

Biotechnol, Biochem 2010; 74,878-880.

Shabbir G, Anwar F, Sultana B, Khalid ZM, Afzal M, Khan MQ, Ashrafuzzaman M.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial attributes and phenolics of different solvent extracts

from leaves, flowers and bark of Gold Mohar [Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.].

Molecules 2011; 16:7302-7319.

Shafiq AT, Ahmad MN, Obaidullah KA, Choudhary MI, Ahmad W, Ahmad M. Urease

inhibitors from Indigofera gerardiana Wall. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:

480-484.

Shah KA, Patel MB, and Parmar PK. Mangifera Indica (Mango). Pharmacogn Rev 2010;

4(7):42-48.

Shahat AA , Ibrahim AY, Hendawy SF, Omer EA, Hammouda FM, Abdel-Rahman FH,

Saleh MA. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential

oils from organically cultivated fennel cultivars. Molecules 2011; 16:1366-1377.

Shanaz B, Arunachalam G, Jayaveera K, Ashoka Babu VL, Premakumari KB. Estimation of

total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity of Barleria Montana. Der

Pharmacia Lettre 2011:3(4):178-182.

Sharma AK, Kumar A, Yadav SK, Rahal A. Studies on antimicrobial and immunomodulatory

effects of hot aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica L. leaves against common veterinary

pathogens. Veter Medic Int 2014; 2014:1-9.

Sharma KS, Porwal KM, and Metha BK. In vitro antimicrobial activity of M. paradisiaca

root extracts. Fitoterapia 1989; 60(2):156-158.

Sharma S, Vig AP. Evaluation of in Vitro antioxidant properties of methanol and aqueous

extracts of Parkinsonia aculeata L. leaves. Sci World J 2013; 2013:1-7.

Sharma SK, Singh L, Singh S. A review on medicinal plants having antioxidant potential.

Indian J Res Pharmacy Biotechnol 2013; 1(3):404-409.

Sharma VK, Shanks GD, Oloo AJ, Aleman GM, Ohrt C, Klotz FW, Braitman D, and Horton

J. Tuberculostatic activity of Henna (Lawsonia inermis species. Linn). Tubercle 1995;

71:293-5.

193

Shibata H, Kondo K, Katsuyama R, Kawazoe K, Sato Y, Murakami K, Takaishi Y, Arakaki

N, Higuti T. Alkyl gallates, intensifiers of β-lactam susceptibility in methicillin-

resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49(2):549-555.

Shimpi SR, Bendre RS. Stability and antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of Ocimum

sancatum leaves. Indian perfumer 2005; 49(2):225-229.

Shiva MP. Inventory of forestry resources for sustainable management and biodiversity

conservation, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 1996.

Shruthi SD, Roshan A, Timilsina SS, Sunita S. A review on the medicinal plant Psidium

guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae). J Drug Deliv Therapeutics 2013; 3:162-168.

Shylesh BS and Padikkala J, Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Emilia sonchifolia,

Fitoterapia 1999; 70(3):275-278.

Sieradzki K, Wu SW, Tomasz A. Inactivation of the methicillin resistance gene mecA in

vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Micro Drug Resist 1999; 5(4):253-257.

Silva MSA, Silva MAR, Higino JS, Pereira MSV, Carvalho AAT. In vitro antimicrobial

activity and antiadherence of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. against oral planktonic

bacteria. Rev Bras Pharmacogn 2008; 18(2):236-40.

Silva MTN, Ushimaru PI, Barbosa LN, Cunha MLRS, Fernandes Jr A. Antibacterial activity

of plant essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains

isolated from human specimens. Rev Bras PI Med 2009; 11(3):257-62.

Sindhu G, Ratheesh M, Shyni GL, Helen A. Inhibitory effects of Cynodon dactylon L. on

inflammation and oxidative stress in adjuvant treated rats. Immunopharmacol

Immunotoxicol 2009; 31(4):647-53.

Singh DB, Gupta MK, Singh DV, Singh SK, Misra S. Docking and in silico ADMET studies

of noraristeromycin, curcumin and its derivatives with Plasmodium falciparum SAH

hydrolase: A molecular drug target against malaria. Interdiscip Sci Comput Life Sci

2013; 5:1-12

Singh G, Kumar P. Extraction, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and

screening of fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. for its antimicrobial potential.

Pharmacognosy Res 2013; 5(3):162-168.

Singh R, Arora S. Attenuation of free radicals by acetone extract/fractions of Acacia nilotica

(L.) Will. Ex Del. J Chinese Clinical Medicine 2007; 2(4):196-204.

194

Singh R, Singh B, Singh S, Kumar N, Kumar S, Arora S. Investigation of ethyl acetate

extract/fractions of Acacia nilotica willd. Ex Del as potent antioxidant. Rec Nat Prod

2009; 3(3):131-138.

Singh R, Singh SK, Arora S. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of ethyl acetate

extract/fractions of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Fod Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:

1216-1223.

Singh S. Cow urine has anti Leshmania donovani effect in vitro. Int J Cow Sci. 2001; 1:

72-73.

Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Ravento´s RM. Analysis of total phenols and other

oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Method

Enzymol 1999; 299:152-178.

Smith DE, Salerno JW. Selective growth inhibition of a human malignant melanoma cell line

by sesame oil in vitro. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1992; 46(2):45-50.

Soares JR, Dinis TCP, Cunha AP, Almeida LM. Antioxidant activities of some extracts of

Thymus zygis. Free Radic Res 1997; 26(1):469-478.

Sokmen BB, Ugras S, Sarikaya HY, Ugras HI, Yanardag R. Antibacterial, antiurease, and

antioxidant activities of some arylidene barbiturates. Applied Biochem Biotechnol

2013; 171:2030-2039.

Somani RS, Singhai AK. Hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activities of seeds of Myristica

fragrans in normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Asian J Exp Sci 2008;

22(1):95-102.

Sonavane GS, Sarveiya VP, Kasture VS, Kasture SB. Anxiogenic activity of Myristica

fragrans seeds. Pharmacol Biochem Behavior 2002; 71(1):239-244.

Spiro HM. Clinical gastroenterology. Macmillan Pub New York 1977:292-304.

Sreeramulu D, Reddy CVK, Raghunath M. Antioxidant activity of commonly consumed cere

als, millets, pulses and legumes in India. Indian J Biochem Biophysics 2009; 46:

112‐115.

Srikumar R, Parthasarathy J, Devi S. Immunomodulatory activity of triphala on neutrophil

functions. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28(8):1398-403.

Srinivasan D, Nathan S, Suresh T, Perumalsamy O. Antimicrobial activity of certain Indian

medicinal plants used in folkloric medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2001; 74:217-220.

195

Stanley MP, Menon VP, Gunasekaran G. Hypolipidaemic action of Tinospora cordifolia

roots in alloxan diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 64:53-57.

Stephen FWS, Yang BV, Rourke D, Spencer RW. Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori urease by

phenyl phosphorodiamidates: Mechanism of action. Bioorg Med Chem 1995;

3(5):605-610.

Sudheesh S, Sandhya C, Koshy S and Vijayalakshmi NR, Antioxidant activity of flavonoids

from Solanum melongena. Phytother Res 1999; 13(5):393-396.

Sultana B, Hussain Z, Asif M, Munir A. Investigation on the antioxidant activity of leaves,

peels, stems bark, and kernel of Mango (Mangifera indica L.). J Food Sci 2012;

77:C849-C852.

Sumantran VN, Kulkarni AA, Harsulkar A, Wele A, Koppikar SJ, Chandwaskar R, Gaire V,

Dalvi M and Wagh UV. Hyaluronidase and collagenase inhibitory activities of the

herbal formulation Triphala guggulu; J Biosci 2007; 32:755-761.

Sumathi P, Parvathi A. Antimicrobial activity of some traditional medicinal plants. Journal of

Medicinal Plants Research 2010; 4(4):316-321.

Sumiyoshi M, Kimura Y. Effects of a turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) on chronic

ultraviolet B irradiation induced skin damage in melanin-possessing hairless mice.

Phytomed 2009; 16:1137-1143.

Suresh KG, Nayakaa H, Shylaja MD, Salimath PV. Free and bound phenolic antioxidants in

Amla (Emblica officinalis) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa). J Food Composition

Analysis 2006; 19:446-452.

Tadhani MB, Patel VH, Subhash R. In Vitro antioxidant activities of Stevia Rebaudiana

leaves and callus. J Food Composition Analysis 2007; 20(3-4):323-329.

Tajehmiri A, Issapour F, Moslem MN, Lakeh MT, Kolavani MH. In vitro antimicrobial

activity of Artemisia annua leaf extracts against pathogenic bacteria. Advanc Studies

Biol 2014; 6(3):93-97.

Takashi F, Masanori W, Takao I, Morio S. Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) extract

promotes procollagen production and inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human

skin fibroblasts. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 119:53-57.

Tanaka T, Kawase M, Tani S. Urease inhibitory activity of simple α, β-unsaturated ketones.

Life Sci 2003; 73:2985-2990.

196

Tanaka T, Kawase M, Tani S. α-Hydroxyketones as inhibitors of urease. Bioorg Med Chem

2004; 12:501-505.

Tasaduq SA, Singh K, Sethi S, Sharma SC, Bedi KL, Singh J, Jaggi BS, Johri RK.

Hepatocurative and antioxidant profile of HP-1, a polyherbal phytomedicine. Hum

Exp Toxicol 2003; 22(12):639-45.

Tasduq SA, Singh K, Satti NK, Gupta DK, Suri KA, Johri RK. Terminalia chebula (fruit)

prevents liver toxicity caused by sub-chronic administration of rifampicin, isoniazid

and pyrazinamide in combination. Hum Exp Toxicol 2006; 25(3):111-118.

Tate P, God J, Bibb R, Lu Q, Larcom LL. Inhibition of metalloproteinase activity by fruit

extracts. Cancer Letters 2004; 212:153-158.

Thakur P, Chawla R, Goel R, Arora R, Sharma RK. In silico modeling for identification of

promising antimicrobials of herbal origin against highly virulent pathogenic strains of

bacteria like New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase -1 Escherichia coli. Int J Innovation

App Studies. 2013; 4(3):582-592.

Thomas B, Tolley D. Concurrent urinary tract infection and stone disease: pathogenesis,

diagnosis and management. Nat Clin Pract Urol 2008; 5:668-675.

Thring TSA, Hili P, Naughton DP. Anti-collagenase, anti-elastase and anti-oxidant activities

of extracts from 21 plants. BMC Complement Alt Med 2009; 9:27.

Tiwari AK. Imbalance in antioxidant defense and human diseases: Multiple approach of

natural antioxidant therapy. Current Science 2001; 8:1179-1187.

Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kaur H. Phytochemical screening and extraction: A

review. Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia 2011; 1(1):98-106.

Toba S, Damodaran KV, Merz KM. Binding preference of hydroxamate inhibitors of the

matrix metalloproteinase human fibroblast collagenase. J Med Chem 1999; 42:

1225-1234.

Toda S, Miyase T, Asichi H, Tanizawa H, Takino Y. Natural antioxidants II: Antioxidative

components isolated from seeds of Plantago asiatica Linn. Chem Pharm Bull 1995;

33(3):1270-1273.

Tollefson L, Miller MA. Antibiotic use in food animals: controlling the human health impact.

J AOAC Int 2000; 83:245-254.

197

Tona L, Kambu K, Ngimbi N, Mesia K, Penge O, Lusakibanza M, Cimanga K, De Bruyne T,

Apers S, Totte J, Pieters L, Vlietinck AJ. Antiamoebic and spasmolytic activities of

extracts from some antidiarrhoeal traditional preparations used in Kinhasa, Congo.

Phytomed 2000; 7:31-38.

Tondi D, Slomczynska U, Costi MP, Watterson DM, Ghelli S, Shoichet BK. Structure-based

discovery and in-parallel optimization of novel competitive inhibitors of thymidylate

synthase. Chem Biol 1999; 6:319-31.

Trease GE, Evans WC. Pharmacognosy, 11th edn., Bailliere Tindall, 1989. London. pp. 45-

50.

Trouillas P, Calliste CA, Allais DP, Simon A, Marfak A, Delage C, Duroux JL. Antioxidant,

anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties of sixteen water plant extracts used

in the Limousin countryside as herbal teas. Food Chem 2003; 80:399-407.

Tsuchiya H, Sato M, Miyazaki T, Fujiwara S, Fanigaki S, Ohyama M. Comparative study on

the antibacterial activity of phytochemical flavanones against methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus aureus. J Ethnopharmacol 1996; 50:27-34.

Upadhyay R, Dwivedi P, Ahmad S. Antimicrobial activity of photo-activated cow urine

against certain pathogenic bacterial strains. Afr J Biotechnol 2010; 9(4):518-522.

Ursini F, Zamburlini A, Cazzolato G, Maiorino M, Bon GB, Sevanian A. Postprandial

plasma lipid hydroperoxides: A possible link between diet and atherosclerosis. Free

Radical Biol Med 1998; 25:250-252.

Ushimaru PI, Silva MTN, Di Stasi LC, Barbosa L, Fernandes Jr A. Antibacterial activity of

medicinal plant extracts. Braz J Microbiol 2007; 38(1):717-9.

Vadivel E, Gopalakrishnan S. GC-MS analysis of some bioactive constituents of Mussaenda

frondosa linn. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2011; 2(1):313-320.

Van Wart HE, Steinbrink DR. A continuous spectrophotometric assay for Clostridium

histolyticum collagenase. Anal Biochem 1981; 113:356-365.

Vanitha K, Thangarasu S. Phytochemical profiling and GC-MS study of Antigonum leptopus

hook & ARN. Int J ChemTech Res 2013; 5(4):1630-1640.

Velioglu YS, Mazza G, Gao L, Oomah BD. Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in

selected fruits, vegetables and grain products. J Agri Food Chem 1998; 46:4113-4117.

198

Venkata RB, Samuel L, Pardha SM, Rao BN, Naga VK, Sudhakar M, Radhakrishnan TM.

Antibacterial, antioxidant activity and GC-MS analysis of Eupatorium odoratum.

Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2012; 5(2):99-106.

Verpoorte R. Exploration of nature's chemodiversity: The role of secondary metabolites as

leads in drug development. Drug Dev Trends 1998; 3:232-233.

Von NF, Brands M, Hinzen B, Weigand S, Häbich D. Antibacterial natural products in

medicinal chemistry-exodus or revival? Angew Chem Int Ed. 45 2006; 5072-5129.

Walia H, Kumar S, Arora S. Effect of fractionation on In vitro antiradical efficacy of acetone

extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 8(11):311-320.

Walsh LA, Cepeda MA, Damjanovski S. Analysis of the MMP-dependent and independent

functions of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 on the invasiveness of breast

cancer cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2012; 6(2):87-95.

Wang KH, Lin RD, Hsu FL, Huang YH, Chang HC, Huang CY, Lee MH. Cosmetic

applications of selected traditional Chinese herbal medicines. J Ethnopharmacol

2006; 106:353-359.

Wang SY, Jiao H. Correlation of antioxidant capacities to oxygen radical scavenging enzyme

activities in blackberry. J Agri Food Chem 2000; 48:5672-5676.

Waterbeemd VH, Gifford E. ADMET in silico modelling: towards prediction paradise? Nat

Rev Drug Discov 2003; 2(3):192-204.

Weatherburn MW. Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Anal Chem

1967; 39:971-974.

Weeks DL, Eskandari S, Scott DR, Sachs GA. A H+ gated urea channel: the link between

Helicobacter pylori urease and gastric colonization. Science 2000; 287:482-485.

Whittaker M, Floyd CD, Brown P, Gearing AJH. Design and therapeutic application of

matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Chem Rev 1999; 99:2735-2776.

Wilson M, Mcnab R, Henderson B. Bacterial disease mechanisms: An introduction to cellular

microbiology. Cambridge University Press 2002.

Wisdom GOS, Shittu GA. In vitro antimicrobial and phytochemical activities of Acacia

nilotica leaf extract. J Med Plants Res 2001; 4(12):1232-1234.

Wojdyło A, Oszmian J, Czemerys R. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32

selected herbs. Food Chem 2007; 105(3):940-949.

199

Xiao ZP, Shi DH, Li HQ, Zhang LN, Xu C, Zhu HL. Polyphenols based on isoflavones as

inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori urease. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3703-3710.

Xiao ZP, Wang XD, Peng ZY, Huang S, Yang P, Li QS, Zhou LH, Hu XJ, Wu LJ, Zhou Y,

Zhu HL. Molecular docking, kinetics study, and structure-activity relationship

analysis of quercetin and its analogous as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors. J

Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:10572-10577.

Yabaya A, Silas ED. Antibacterial activities of Acacia nilotica seed extracts. J Med Applied

Biosci 2010; 2:84-89.

Yadav P, Sarkar S, Bhatnagar D. Action of Capparis decidua against alloxan-induced

oxidative stress and diabetes in rat tissues. Pharmacol Res 1997; 36:221-228.

Yadav SB, Tripathi V, Singh RK and Pandey HP, Flavonoid glycosides from Cuscuta

reflexa stems and their antioxidant activity. Indian Drugs 2001; 38(2):95-96.

Yang HS, La WG, Bhang SH, Lee TJ, Lee M, Kim BS. Apatite-coated collagen scaffold for

bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2153-2164.

Yang SW, Ho JN, Lee YH, Sin DH, Hong BS, Cho HY. Isolation and characterization of

Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitor from Rubus coreanus. J Korean Soc Food Sci

Nutr 2004; 33:767-777.

Yris MF, Carolina DC, Fabiana TMCV, Auro N, Raquel FG, Maria JVF. Protective effect of

Calendula officinalis extract against UVB-induced oxidative stress in skin: evaluation

of reduced glutathione levels and matrix metalloproteinase secretion. J

Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127:596-601.

Yuliana D, Bahtiar FI, Najib A. In Silico screening of chemical compounds from Roselle

(Hibiscus Sabdariffa) as angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitor used PyRx

program. ARPN J Sci Techno 2013; 3(12):1158-1160.

Zahin M, Aqil F, Ahmad I. The in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of four

Indian medicinal plants. Int J Pharm Pharma Sci 2009; 1:88-95.

Zhang SJ, Lin YM, Zhou HC, Wei SD, Lin GH, Ye GF. Antioxidant tannins from stem bark

and fine root of Casuarina Equisetifolia. Molecules 2010; 15(8):5658-5670.

Zhang Z, Li T, Wang D, Zhang L, Chen G. Study on the volatile profile characteristics of

oyster Crassostrea gigas during storage by a combination sampling method coupled

with GC-MS. Food Chem 2009; 1150-1157.

200

Zhang Z, Zhou X, GC/MS analysis on benzene/alcohol extractives of Manglietia Glauca

Leaves for biomedicine engineering. Advanced Materials Res 2011; 213:475.

Zhou YC, Zheng RL. Phenolic compounds and an analog as superoxide anion scavengers and

antioxidants. Biotech Pharm 1991; 2:1177-1179.