164

REFERENCES

165

References

Abdel F.H. and Somogy G., Determination of radon and thoron permeability through

some plastics by track technique, Nucl. Tracks 12 (1986) 697.

Abu-Jarad F. and Fremlin J.H., The Indoor Concentration of Radon Daughters in Three

Different Areas of the U.K. Health Phys. 44(5) (1983) 479.

Abu-Jarad F., Application of nuclear track detectors for radon related measurements,

Nucl. Tracks Rad. Meas. 15(1-4) (1988) 525.

Abu-jarad F., Fremlin J.H. and Bull R., A study of radon emitted from building materials

using SSNTD, Phys. Med. Biol. 25 (1980) 683.

Aharmim B., Sabir A. and Marah H., Intrinsic efficiency of LR-115 in alpha particles

detection: simulations and experiments, Radiat. Meas. 35 (2002) 307.

Ajith Kumar B.P., Satyanarayana V.V., Singh Kundan and Singh Parmanand, Innovative

science experiments using Phoenix, Phys. Educ. 44 (5) (2009) 469.

Alekseev V.V., Grammakov A.G. and Tafeev G.P.. Radiometric methods in the

prospecting and exploration of uranium ores. Translation Series, USAEC Rpt. AEC Tr.

3738 Book 2 (1959) 425.

Alter H.W. and Fleischer R.L., Passive integrating radon monitor for environmental

monitoring, Health Phys. 40 (5) (1981) 693.

Aly Abdo A.A., Hassan M.H. and Huwait M.R.A., Radioactivity assessment of fabricated

phosphogypsum mixtures, in Fourth Radiation Physics Conference, 15-19 November,

Alexandria, Egypt, (1999) 632.

American Lung Association: Radon Fact Sheet. Washington DC, American Lung

Association (2006).

Ariasa H., Palaciosa D., Sajo-Bohusa L. and Viloriab T., Alternative procedure for LR

115 chemical etching and alpha tracks counting, Radiat. Meas. 40 (2005) 357.

166

ATSDR, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,Toxicological profile for

ionizing radiation, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, U.S. (1999).

Avrorin V. V., Krasikova R. N. and Nefedov V. D., The chemistry of Radon, Russian

Chemical Reviews 51(1) (1982) 12.

Azimi-Garakani D., Shahbazi M. and Latifi G., A new Automatic Spark Counting

System, Nucl. Tracks, 4 (1981) 141.

Badhan K., Mehra R. and Sonkawade R.G., Measurement of radon concentration in

ground water using RAD7 and assessment of average annual dose in the environs of

NITJ, Punjab, India, Indian J Pure & Appl Phys 48 (2010) 508.

Badhan K., Mehra R. and Sonkawade R.G., Studying the Variation of Indoor Radon

Levels in Different Dwellings in Hoshiarpur District of Punjab India, Indoor Built

Environ 21 (2012) 601.

Bajwa B.S., Sharma N., Walia V. and Virk H.S., Measurements of Natural Radioactivity

in Some Water and Soil Samples of Punjab State, India, Indoor Built Environ 12 (2003)

357.

Banker D.D., J Post Grad Med 1955; 1: 108. (Quoted in Nagrath S.P., Hazra D.K., Lahiri

B., Kishore B., Kumar R., Primary carcinoma of the lung: Clinicopathological study of 35

cases, Indian J Chest Dis 12 (1970) 15.

Barnet I., Indoor radon probability calculated from the Czech soil gas radon data in a grid

net for the European Geogenic Radon Map construction: test of feasibility, Environ Earth

Sci 66 (2012)1149.

Behera D. and Kashyap S., Pattern of malignancy in a north Indian hospital, J Indian Med

Assoc 86 (1988) 28.

BEIR IV: Health risks of radon and other internally deposited alpha-emitters. Washington

DC, National Academy, 1988.

BEIR V, Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations, National Academy

of Sciences Press, Washington, D.C. (1990).

167

Bhagwat, A.M., Solid State Nuclear Track Detection: Theory and Applications.Published

by Indian Society for Radiation Physics, Kalpakkam Chapter, ISRP(K)-TD-2 (1993).

Bhandari L and Kale S (eds): Indian states at a glance “Punjab”, New Delhi, Pearson

Education (2009).

Bhandari L. and Kale S (eds): Indian states at a glance “Himachal Pradesh”, New Delhi,

Pearson Education, 2009.

Bhandari L. and Kale S. (eds): Indian states at a glance “Haryana”. New Delhi, Pearson

Education (2009).

Bochicchio F., Forastier F., Farchi S., Quarto M. and Axelson O., Residential radon

exposure, diet and lung cancer: A case-control study in a Mediterranean region, Int J

Cancer 114(6) (2005) 983.

Bochicchio F., Radon epidemiology and nuclear track detectors: Methods, results and

perspectives, Rad. Meas. 40 (2005) 177.

Boyett R.H., Johnson D.R. and Becker K., Some studies on the chemical damage

mechanism along charged-particle tracks in polymers, Rad. Res. 42/l (1970) 1.

Brookins D., The Indoor Radon Problem. New York, Columbia University (1990)

Card J.W. and Bell K., CIM Bull 72 (1979) 81.

Catelinois O., Lung Cancer Risk Assessment Attributable to Indoor Radon in France,

Epidemiology 17(6) (2007) S67.

Chauhan R. P., Radon exhalation rates from stone and soil samples of Aravali hills in

India, Iran. J. Radiat. Res 9 (2011) 57.

Chauhan R.P. and Chakarvarti S.K., Radium concentration and Radon exhalation

measurements in the water around thermal power plants of north India, Indian J. Pure &

Appl Phys. 39 (2002) 491.

Chauhan R.P., Monitoring of radon, thoron and their progeny in dwellings of Haryana,

Indian J Pure & Appl Phys 48 (2010) 470.

168

Chen J., Moir D., Pronk T., Goodwin T., Janik M. and Tokonami S., An update on thoron

exposure in Canada with simultaneous 222Rn and 220Rn measurements in Fredericton and

Halifax, Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 147 (2011) 541.

Cheng K.C. and Porrit J.M.M., The measurement of radon emanation rates in Canadian

cut-and-fill uranium mine, CIM Bull. 74 (1981) 110.

Choubey V.M. and Ramola R.C., Correlation between geology and radon levels in

groundwater, soil and indoor air in Bhilangana Valley, Garhwal, Himalaya, India,

Environ Geology 32(4) (1997) 258.

Christodoulatos C., Su Tsan-Liang and Koutsospyros A., Kinetics of the Alkaline

Hydrolysis of Nitrocellulose, Water Environ. Res. 73 (2001) 185.

Clarke R.H. and Southwood T.R.E., Risks from ionizing radiation, Nature 338 (1989)

197.

Cohen B.L. and Cohen E.S., Health Phys. 45 (1983) 501.

Cohen B.L., Radon, a Homeowner’s Guide to Detection and Control, New York,

Consumers Union (1987).

Compare Infobase Limited: Uttarakhand. http://www.mapsofindia.com/uttarakhand/

(Accessed on 30 March, 2013).

Costa-Riberio and Labao N., Testing of the LR-115 Kodak-Pathé red dyed cellulose

nitrate for alpha particle detection, Health Phys. 28(2) (1975) 162.

Cothern C.R. and Lappenbusch W.L., Drinking-water contribution to natural background

radiation, Health Phys., 50 (1986) 33.

Cothern C.R. and Smith J.E. Jr., (eds), Environmental Radon, Plenum Press, New York

(1987).

Cross W. G. and Tommasino L., Rapid Reading Technique for Nuclear Particle Damage

Tracks in Thin Foils, Radiat. Effects 5 (1970) 85.

169

Darby S., Hill D., Auvinen A., Barros-Dios J.M., Baysson H., Bochicchio

F., Deo H., Falk R., Forastiere F., Hakama M., Heid I., Kreienbrock L., Kreuzer M.,

Lagarde F., Mäkeläinen I., Muirhead C., Oberaigner W., Pershagen G., Ruano-Ravina A.,

Ruosteenoja E., Rosario A.S., Tirmarche M., Tomáscaron;ek L., Whitley E., Wichmann

H.E. and Doll R., Radon in homes and lung cancer risk: collaborative analysis of

individual data from 13 European case-control studies, Br Med J 330 (2005) 223.

Darby S., Radon in Homes and Risk of Lung Cancer, Epidemiology 17(6) (2006) S67.

De-Jong P., Van-Dujk W., Vander-Graaf E.R., and Roelofs, Health Phys. 88 (2005) 159.

Digk Van W. and Jong P. de, Determining the 222

Rn Exhalation Rate of Building

Materials Using Liquid Scintillation Counting, Health Phys. 61(4) (1991) 501.

Dorschel B., Hermsdorf D., Starke S., Pieck S., Thiela H. and Weickert, F., Nucl.Inst.

Methods Phy.Res.207 (2003) 154.

Durante M., Grossi G.F., Pugleiese M. and Gialanella G., Nuclear track detectors in

cellular radiation biology, Rad. Meas.26 (1996) 179.

Durrani S. and Bull R.K., Solid State Nuclear Detection Principle Method and

Application, Pergamon Press, Oxford (1987).

Durrani S.A. and Ilic R.(Eds.), Radon Measurement by Etched Track Detectors, World

Scientific, Singapore (1997) 387.

Dwidevi K.K., Mishra R., Tripathy S.P., Kulshreshtha A., Sinha D., Srivastva A., Deka

P., Bhatta Charjee B., Ramachandran T.V. and Nambi K.S.V., Rad. Meas. 33 (2001) 7.

Dwivedi K.K., Ghosh S., Singh S., Limatemjen Satyanaryana J., Murthy G.S., Prasad J.

and Srivastava A., Indoor radon measurements in some indian cities, Radiat. Meas. 28(1-

6) (1997) 647.

Dyck W., Cameron E.M. and Richardson K.A., Geological Survey of Canada 82(11)

(1983) 215.

170

Eappen K.P. and Mayya Y.S., Calibration factors for LR-115 (type-II) based radon thoron

discriminating dosimeter, Radiat. Meas. 38 (2004) 5.

El. Afifi E.M., Hilal M.A., Khalifa S.M. and Aly, H.F., Evaluation of U, Th, K and

emanated radon in some NORM and TENORM samples, Radiat. Meas. 41(5) (2006) 627.

El-Arabi A.M, Abbady A, Ahmed N.K, Michel R, El-Kamel A.H. and Abbady A.G.E.,

Assessment of radon-222 concentrations and exhalation rates of rocks and building

materials, Indian J. Pure App. Phys. 44(4) (2006) 287.

El-Zakla T., Abdel-Ghany H.A. and Hassan, A.M., Studies on natural radioactivity of

some Egyptian organic and chemical fertilizers, Int. J. Low Radiation. 5(1) (2008) 60.

Enge W., Energy loss dependent transversal etching rates of heavy ion tracks in plastic,

Radiat. Meas. 25 (1995) 11.

Erdtmann G. and Soyka W., The Gamma Rays of Radionuclides, Tables for Applied

Gamma Ray Spectrometry, Verlag Chemie (1979).

Ferlay J., Shin H.R., Bray F., Forman D., Mathers C. and Parkin D.M., GLOBOCAN

2008. Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC Cancer Base No. 10 [Internet].

Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2010. Available from:

http://globocan.iarc.fr (Accessed on August, 2011)

Field W.R., A Review of Residential Radon Case-Control Epidemiologic Studies

Performed in the United States, Reviews Environ. Health Preprint 16(3) (2001) 151.

Fleischer R.L., Moisture and 222Rn emanation, Health Phys. 52(6) (1987) 797.

Fleischer R.L., Price P.B. and Walker R.M., Ion Explosion Spike Mechanism for

Formation of Charged‐Particle Tracks in Solids, Ibid 36 (1965) 3645.

Fleischer R.L., Price P.B. and Walker R.M., Nuclear Tracks in Solids, Principles and

Applications. Univ. of California Press. CA, 489 (1975).

Fleischer R.L., Price P.B. and Walker R.M., Track Registration in Various Solid-State

Nuclear Track Detectors, Phys. Rev. 133 (1964) A1443.

171

Fleischer R.L., Price P.B. and Walker R.M., Tracks of charged particles in solids, Science

149 (1965) 383.

Frank A.L. and Benton E.V., Radon dosimetry using plastic nuclear track detectors, Nucl.

Track Det. 1 (1977) 149.

Fujii M., Yokota R., Atarashi Y. and Hasegawa H., Etching characteristics of the new

polymeric track detector SR-86, Radiat. Meas. 19 (1991) 171.

George A.C., Proc. of ninth mid year, Health Physics Symposium Denver Co. (1976).

Ghosh P.C. and Bhalla N.S., Proc. All India Symp. On Radioactivity and Meterology of

Radionuclides, AEET, Bombay (1966) 14.

Green B.M.R., Lomas P.R.I. and O’Riordan M.C., Radon in Dwellings in England,

National Radiological Protection Board, NRPB-R254, HMSO, London, England, (1992).

GSI (Geological Survey of India): Minutes of the second national working group meeting

of IGCP-571-radon, health and natural hazards. http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/gsiDoc/pub/

minutes_igcp571_ii-29-8-2011.pdf (Accessed on 25 August, 2012)

Gupta M., Chauhan R.P., Sonkawade R.G. and Kant K., Contribution of TENORM

towards Indoor Radioactivity, ISST J. Appl. Phys. 1 (2010) 75.

Gupta M., Mahur A.K., Sonkawade R.G., Verma K.D. and Prasad R., Measurement of

radon exhalation rate and radiation doses in fly ash samples from NTPC Dadri, India,

Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys. 48 (2010) 520.

Gupta M., Saini M., Chauhan R.P., Measurement of alpha radioactivity in some building

construction materials, Asian J. Chem. 21(10) (2009) S052.

Gusain G.S., Prasad G., Prasad Y. and Ramola R.C., Comparison of indoor radon levels

with radon exhalation rate from soil in Garhwal, Himalaya, Radiat. Meas. 44 (2009)

1032.

Henke R.P., Benton E.V. and Heckman H.H., Radiat. effects 3 (1970) 43.

172

Henshaw D.L., Etough J.F. and Richardson R.B., Radon as a causative factor in induction

of myeloid leukemia and other cancers, Lancet 335 (1990) 1008.

Ho J.P.Y., Yip C.W.Y., Koo V.S.Y., Nikezic D. and Yu K.N., Measurement of bulk etch

rate of LR115 detector with atomic force microscopy, Radiat. Meas. 35 (2002) 571.

Ibrahiem N.M., Abdel-Ghani A.H., Shawky S.M., Ashraf E.M. and Farouk, M.A.,

Measurement of radioactivity levels in soil in the Nile Delta and Middle Egypt, Health

Phys. 64 (1993) 620.

IBSS: Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety

Standards. IAEA, Vienna. IAEA Safety Standard Series No. GSR Part 3, 2011(Interim).

ICRP, International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication No. 26, in

Annals of the ICRP, Pergamon Press, New York (1977).

ICRP,International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication No. 60, in

Annals of the ICRP, Pergamon Press, New York (1991).

International Commission on Radiological Protection. Protection against radon-222 at

home and at work. Publication 65, Ann. ICRP, 23(2) (1993) 1.

International Commission on Radiological Protection. Statement on radon. ICRP Ref

00/902/09, 2009. Available on: www.icrp.org/consultation_page.asp. (Accessed on

August 2012)

International Commission on Radiological Protection: The 2007 recommendations of the

International Commission on Radiological Protection: Publication 103, Annals of ICRP,

37(2-4) (2007)1.

Kant K. and Chakarvarti S.K., Radiological impact of airborne radon and its progeny in

dwellings, Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys. 42 (2004) 157.

Kant K., Chauhan R.P., Sharma G.S. and Chakarvarti S.K., Radium concentration

measurements in coal, fly ash and cement samples using LR-115 plastic track detectors,

Indian J. Environ. Prot. 23(10) (2003) 1146.

173

Kant K., Upadhyay S.B., Sonkawade R.G. and Chakarvarti S.K., Radiological risk

assessment of use of phosphate fertilizers in soil, Iran. J. Radiat. Res. 4(2) (2006) 63.

Khan A.H. and Puranik V.D., Radon in the environment and in dwellings in a uranium

mining area in eastern india: An overview, Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 145(2-3) (2011) 198.

Khan A.J., Tyagi R.K. and Prasad R., Measurement of radon exhalation rate from some

building materials, Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 20 (1992) 609.

Khan H.A., Nucl. Instrum. Methods 126 (1975) 553.

Khan M.S. and Azam A., Measurements of indoor radon, thoron, and their progeny using

twin cup dosimeters in rural areas of Northern India, Environ. Earth Sci.

doi:10.1007/s12665-013-2538-1 (2013).

Krewski D., Lubin Jay H., Zielinski J.M., Alavanja M., Catalan V.S., Field R.W., Klotz

J.B., Létourneau E.G., Lynch C.F., Lyon JI., Sandler D.P., Schoenberg J.B., Steck D.J.,

Stolwijk J.A., Weinberg C. and Wilcox H.B., Residential Radon and Risk of Lung

Cancer: A Combined Analysis of 7 North American Case-Control Studies, Epidemiology

16 (2005) 137.

Kumar A., Singh S. Radon exhalation study in building materials using solid state nuclear

track detector, Indian academy of science 621(2004) 143.

Kusnetz H.L., Am. Ind. Huy. Assoc. J. 17(1) (1956) 85.

Leung S.Y.Y., Nikezic D. and Yu K.N., Derivation of V function for LR 115 SSNTD

from its partial sensitivity to 222Rn and its short-lived progeny, J. Environ. Radioactivity

92 (2007) 55.

Leuraud K., Billon S., Bergot D., Tirmarche M., Caer S., Quesne B. and Laurier D., Lung

Cancer Risk Associated to Exposure to Radon and Smoking in A Case-Control Study of

French Uranium Miners Health Phys. 92(4) (2007) 371.

Lubin J.H., Wang Z.Y., Boice J.D. Jr, Xu Z.Y., Blot W.J., De Wang L. and Kleinerman

R.A., Risk of lung cancer and residential radon in China: pooled results of two studies, Int

J Cancer 109(1) (2004) 132.

174

Lucas H.F., Rev. Sci. Inst. 28(9) (1957) 680.

Luthi J.C., Favre F., Pannatier F., Thetaz C., and De Weck D., Residential Radon and

Lung Cancer: Results Form an Ecologic Study in the Swiss Alps, Epidemiology 17(6)

(2006) s313.

M Amin R., Mansy M., Eissa M.F., Eissa H.M. and Shahin F.M., Assessment of natural

radioactivity and radon exhalation rate in Sannur cave, eastern desert of Egypt, J. Radiol.

Prot. 28 (2008) 213.

Mahur A.K., Kumar R., Mishra M., Sengupta D. and Prasad R., An investigation of radon

exhalation rate and estimation of radiation doses in coal and fly ash samples, Appl.

Radiat. Isotop. 66 (2008) 401.

Mahur A.K., Kumar R., Sonkawade R.G., Sengupta D. and Prasad R., Measurement of

natural radioactivity and radon exhalation rate from rock samples of Jaduguda uranium

mines and its radiological implications, NIMB 266 (2008) 1591.

Malain D., Regan P.H., Bradley D.A., Matthews M., Santawamaitre T. and Al-Sulaiti

H.A., Measurements of NORM in beach sand samples along the Andaman coast of

Thailand after the 2004 tsunami, Nuclear Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. A. 619(1-3) (2010) 441.

Mayya Y.S., Eappen K.P. and Nambi K.S.V., Methodology for mixed field inhalation

dosimetry in monazite areas using a twin cup dosimeter with three track detectors, Radiat.

Prot. Dosim. 77(3) (1998) 177.

McCorkell R.H. and Card J.W., The decay products of 222Rn in etched track radon

detection, J. Geochem. Explor. 10 (1978) 277.

McCurdy D.E. and Shiager K.J., Health Phys. 17 (1969) 415.

Mehra R. and Bala P., Assessment of radiation hazards due to the concentration of natural

radionuclides in the environment, Environ. Earth. Sci. DOI 10.1007/s12665-013-2493-x

(2013).

175

Mehra R., Badhan K., Kansal S. and Sonkawade R.G., Assessment of Seasonal Indoor

Radon Concentration in Dwellings of Western Haryana, Radiat. Meas. 46(12) (2011)

1803.

Mehra R., Radiological Risk Assessment in Soil Samples of Western Haryana, India,

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 54 (2009) 1629.

Mehra R., Singh S. and Kumar S., Passive integrating radon studies for environmental

monitoring in Sirsa district, Haryana, India using solid state nuclear track detectors,

Indian J. Phys. 83(8) (2009) 1191.

Mehra R., Singh S. and Singh K., A Study of Uranium, Radium, Radon Exhalation Rate

and Indoor Radon in the Environs of Some Areas of the Malwa Region, Punjab, Indoor

Built Environ. 15(5) (2006) 499.

Mehra R., Singh S., Singh K. and Sonkawade R.G., 226Ra, 232Th and 40K analysis in soil

samples from some areas of Malwa region, Punjab, India using gamma ray spectrometry,

Environ. Monit. Assess. 134 (2007) 333.

Mehta V., Kumar S. and Sharma J. K., Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. Rapid Comm. 3(3)

(2009) 265.

Misdaq M.A., Use of three new SSNTD methods for evaluating thorium contents in

different building materials and measuring thoron and its progeny concentrations inside

dwellings, Appl. Rad. Isot. 57(2) (2002) 285.

Momcilovic L. and Lykken G.I., Seasonality of 214Bi activity in the human body and of 222Rn concentration in home ambient air, Health Phys. 92(5) (2007) 484.

Nagaraja K., Prasad B.S.N., Chandershekara M.S., Paramesh L. and Madhava M.S.,

Indian J. Pure & App. Phys. 44 (2006) 353.

Nain M., Chauhan R.P. and Chakarvarti S.K., Alpha radioactivity in tobacco leaves:

Effect of fertilizers, Radiat. Meas. 43 (2008) 515.

Nain M., Gupta M., Chauhan R.P., Kant K., Sonkawade R.G. and Chakarvarti S.K.,

Estimation of radioactivity in tobacco, Indian J. Pure & Appl. Phys. 48 (2010) 820.

176

Nair M.K., Nambi K.S.V. and Amma N.S., Population study in the high natural

background radiation area in Kerala, India, Radiat. Res. 152 (1999) 145.

Nambi K.S.V. and Soman S.D., Environmental radiation and cancer in India, Health

Phys. 52 (1987) 653.

Nazaroff W.W. and Nero A.V., Radon and its decay products in indoor air, New York,

Wiley (1988).

NCRP, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 1984. Bethesda,

Maryland, Report No.78.

NCRP, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 1993. Bethesda,

Maryland, NCRP Report No.116.

NCRP, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 1988. Bethesda,

Maryland, NCRP Report No.97.

NCRP: Two-year Report of the Population Based Cancer Registries- 2004-2005.

National Cancer Registry Programme, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bangalore,

India, 2007.

Ng F.M.F., Yip C.W.Y., Ho J.P.Y., Nikezic D. and Yu K.N., Non-destructive

measurement of active-layer thickness of LR 115 SSNTD, Radiat. Meas. 38 (2004) 1.

NI Wire/News Track India: Lung Cancer kills 4 million every year still Indians

underestimate lung disease: Study. http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/

2012/6/27/53-Lung-Cancer-kills-4-million-every-year-still-Indians-underestimate-lung-

disease-Study.html (Accessed on 27 June, 2012)

Nikeziic D. and Janicijevic A., Bulk etching rate of LR115 detectors, Appl. Radiat.

Isotop. 57 (2002) 275.

NRC, National Research Council. Risk assessment of radon in drinking water. National

Academy Press, Washington, DC (1999).

NRC, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S., regulations effective (1st January, 1994).

177

OECD, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Exposure to radiation

from the natural radioactivity in building materials. Report by a group of Experts of the

OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, OECD, Paris, France (1979).

Pacer J.C. and Czarnecki R.F., Principle and Characteristics of Surface Radon and

Helium Technique used in Uranium Exploration, U.S. Deptt. Of Energy GJBX-177/80

(1980) 64.

Paretzke H.G., Some remarks on the formation and development of particle tracks in

plastics, Proc.8th Int. Conf on Nucl. Photogr. & SSTD Bucharest (1972).

Parkin D.M., Bray F., Ferlay J. and Pisani P., Estimating the world cancer burden:

Globocan 2000: Int J Cancer 94 (2001)153.

Prasad G., Prasad Y., Gusain G.S. and Ramola R.C., Measurement of radon and thoron

levels in soil, water and indoor atmosphere of Budhakedar in Garhwal, Himalaya, India,

Radiat. Meas. 43 (2008) S375.

Prasad Y., Prasad G., Gusain G.S., Choubey V.M. and Ramola R.C., Radon exhalation

rate from soil samples of South Kumaun Lesser Himalayas, India, Radiat. Meas. 43

(2008) S369.

Puranik V.D. and Ramachandran T.V., Natural and man-made environmental background

radiation exposure levels: a review, J. Environ. Geo-chemistry 8 (2005) 60.

Raabe O.G. and Wrenn M.E., Health Phys. 17(4) (1969) 593.

Radiation Protection Authorities of the Nordic Countries. Recommendations for radon in

dwellings in the Nordic countries. Available on: http://www.stuk.fi/stuk/tiedotteet/2009/

en_GB/news_561/ (Accessed on August 2012)

RADNET, Internet Reporting about Radioactivity. Center for Biological Monitoring, Box

144, HULLS COVE, ME 04644 (1999). (http//www.davistownmuseum.Com)

Ram S. and Bose S. K., Nucl. Tracks. Radiat. Meas. 9 (1984) 225.

178

Ramachandran T.V., Eappen K.P., Nair R.N., Shaikh A.N., Mayya Y.S. and Puranik

V.D., Distribution pattern of radon and thoron levels and inhalation dose rates in Indian

dwellings, Proc. 12th National Symp. on Environment (2003) 192.

Ramola R.C., Rawat R.B.S., Kandari M.S. and Choubey V.M., Measurement of radon in

drinking water and indoor air, Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 74(½) (1997) 103.

Ramola R.C., Survey of radon and thorons in homes of Indian Himalaya, Radiat. Prot.

Dosim. 146(1-3) (2011) 11.

Rao Sulekha N., Sengupta D., Seasonal levels of radon and thoron in the dwellings along

southern coastal Orissa, Eastern India, Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 68 (2010) 28.

Rastogi T. Hildesheim A. and Sinha R., Opportunities for cancer epidemiology in

developing countries, Nat Rev Cancer 4 (2004) 909.

Reddy Yadagiri. P., Reddy K. Viney Kumar, Reddy Gopal, Reddy Rama K., J. Environ.

Geochemistry 8 (2005) 104.

Reilley Margaret, untitled feature article, Newsletter, Conference of Radiation Control

Program Directors, 19, no. 2 (July 1985).

Riesenfeld E.P., Marcy T.W., Reinier K., Mongeon J.A., Trumbo C.W., Wemple B.E.

and Kaminsky D.A., Radon Awareness and Mitigation in Vermont, Health Phys. 92(5)

(2007) 425.

Rolle R., Health Phys. 22(3) (1972) 223.

Sahoo B.K., Sapra B.K., Gaware J.J., Kanse S.D. and Mayya Y.S., A model to predict

radon exhalation from walls to indoor air based on the exhalation from building material

samples, Sci. Total Environ. 409 (2011) 2635.

Sahoo B.K., Sapra B.K., Kanse S.D., Gaware J.J. and Mayya Y.S., A new pin-hole

discriminated 222Rn/220Rn passive measurement device with single entry face, Radiat.

Meas. 58 (2013) 52.

179

Salama T. A., Seddik U., Hegazy T. M. and Morsy A.A., Direct determination of bulk

etching rate for LR-115-II solid state nuclear track detectors, Pramana J. phys. 67

(2006)529.

Salama T.A., Seddiki U., Hegazy T.M. and Morsy A.A., Direct determination of bulk

etching rate for LR-115-II solid state nuclear track detectors, Pramana J. Phys. 67(3)

(2006) 529.

Sandhu Kulwinder /The Tribune: ‘Cancer train’ a lifeline for stricken patients

http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20091001/main7.htm (Accessed on 27 September,

2012)

Sannappa J., Chandrashekera M.S., Sathish L.A., Paramesh L. and Venkataramaiah P.,

Study of background radiation dose in Mysore city, Karnataka State, India, Radiat. Meas.

37 (2003) 55.

Sengupta Nandita / The Times of India: A train ride to cancer care.

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-16/india/29891742_1_cancer-

patients-cancer-cases-cancer-train (Accessed on 27 September, 2012)

Shabecoff Phillip, Radiation Gas in Soil Raises Concern in Three State Areas. New York

Times (1985) 1.

Sharma SP/The Tribune: Survey to collect data on cancer patients.

http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120925/punjab.htm#8 (Accessed on 27 September,

2012)

Shikha D., Sharma V., Sharma J. K. and Kumar S., Optoelectron. Adv. Mater.-Rapid

Comm. 3(8) (2009) 839.

Sill C.W., Health Phys. 16(3) (1969) 371.

Singh A.K., Jojo P.J., Khan A.J., Prasad R. and Ramachandran T.V., Calibration of track

detector and measurement of radon exhalation artes from soil sample, Radiat. Prot.

Environ. 20 (1997) 129

180

Singh A.K., Khan A.J. and Prasad R., Distribution of 222Rn levels in Indian dwellings:

Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 74(3) (1997) 189.

Singh H., Singh J., Singh S. and Bajwa B.S., Radon exhalation rate and uranium

estimation study of some soil and rock samples from Tusham ring complex, India using

SSNTD technique, Radiat. Meas. 43 (2008) S459.

Singh H., Singh J., Singh S. and Bajwa B.S., Regional Variations Pattern of Indoor

Radon Levels in Some Areas of Punjab and Haryana, Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 130(2) (2008)

257.

Singh J., Singh H., Singh S. and Bajwa B.S., Indoor Radon Measurements in dwellings of

Some Areas of Upper Siwaliks, India using SSNTDs, Indoor Built Environ 16(6) (2007)

573.

Singh J., Singh H., Singh S. and Bajwa B.S., Uranium, radium and radon exhalation

studies in some soil samples using plastic track detectors, Indian J. Phys 83(8) (2009)

1147.

Singh J., Singh H., Singh S., Bajwa B.S. and Sonkawade R.G., Comparative study of

natural radioactivity levels in soil samples from the Upper Siwaliks and Punjab, India

using gamma-ray spectrometry, J. Environ. Radioact. 100 (2009) 94.

Singh S., Kumar A. and Singh B., Passive integration radon studies for environmental

monitoring in Hamirpur district, H. P. using solid state nuclear track detectors, Radiat

Meas. 39 (2005) 81.

Singh S., Kumar A. and Singh B., Radon levels in dwellings and its correlation with

uranium and radium content in some areas of Himachal Pradesh, India, Environ Int. 28

(2002) 97.

Singh S., Kumar D. and Kumar A., Environmental radon studies using solid state nuclear

track detectors, J. Environ. Radioact. 76 (2004) 369.

181

Singh S., Kumar M. and Mahajan R., The study of indoor radon in dwellings of Bathinda

district, Punjab, India and its correlation with uranium and radon exhalation rate in soil,

Radiat. Meas. 39 (2005) 535.

Singh S., Malhotra R., Kumar J. and Singh L., Indoor radon measurements in dwellings

of Kullu area, Himachal Pradesh, using solid state nuclear track detectors, Radiat. Meas.

34 (2001) 505.

Singh S., Mehra R. and Singh K., Seasonal Variation of Indoor Radon in Dwellings of

Malwa Region, Punjab, Atm. Environ. 39 (2005) 7761.

Singh S., Sharma D.K., Dhar S., Kumar A. and Kumar A., Uranium, Radium and Radon

Measurements in the Environs of Nurpur Area, Himachal Himalayas, India, Environ.

Monit. Assess. 128 (2007) 301.

Sirsat M.V., Some aspects of the pathology of primary carcinoma of the lung, J Postgrad

Med 4 (1958) 6.

Smith B.J. and Cowles M.K., Correlating point-referenced radon and areal uranium data

arising from a common spatial process, J Roy Soc Ser C- Appl. Stat. 56(3) (2007) 313.

Sohrabi M. and Khajeian E., Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 8 (1984) 113.

Somogyi G., Hunyadi I. and Varga Z., Spark Counting of Alpha Radiograms Recorded on

Strippable Cellulose Nitrate LR-115 Film, Nucl. Trac. Detect. 2 (1978) 191.

Sonkawade R.G., Kant K., Muralithar S., Kumar R. and Ramola R.C., Natural

radioactivity in common building construction and radiation shielding materials, Atm

Environ. 42(9) (2008) 2254.

Srivastava A., Lalramengzami R., Laldawngliana C., Sinha D., Ghosh S., Dwivedi K.K.,

Saxena A. and Ramachandran T.V., Measurement of potential alpha energy exposure

(PAEE) of radon and its progenies in dwellings in north eastern region of India, Radiat

Meas 26 (1996) 291.

Srivastva G.K., Raghavayya M., Khan A.H. and Kotrappa P., Health Phys. 46 (1984)

225.

182

Stein L., The chemistry of Radon, Radiochimica Acta 32 (1983) 163.

Su C. S., Nucl. Sci. J. 25 (1988) 444.

Subba Ramu M.C., Ramachandran T.V., Muraleedharan T.S. and Shaikh A.N., Indoor

radon levels of radon daughters in some high background areas in India, Radiat. Prot.

Dosim. 30 (1990) 41.

Subba-Ramu M.C., Shaikh A.N., Muraleedharan T.S. and Ramachandran T.V.,

Measurements of the equilibrium factor for Rn-222 daughters in dwellings in India, Sci

Total Environ. 99 (1990) 49.

Sundar S.B., Dhanalakshmi B. and Santhanam R., Radon measurements in fly ash

buildings near major thermal power stations in India using SSNTD, Radiat. Meas. 43

(2008) S392.

Tanti-Wipawin W., Method of measuring etching velocities in plastic nuclear-track

detectors, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 126 (1975) 597.

Tewari S.C., Ghosh P.C. and Bhatnagar A.S., Indian J. Pure & Appl. Phys. 6 (1968) 33.

Thomas D.C., McNeill K.G. and Dougherty, C., Estimates of Lifetime Lung Cancer Risks

Resulting from Rn Progeny Exposure, Health Phys. 45(5) (1985)825.

Thomas J.W., Health Phys. 6 (1972) 783.

TNS/The Tribune: 18 die of cancer in Punjab everyday. http://www.tribuneindia.

com/2013/20130129/main3.htm (Accessed on 30 January, 2013)

Tommasino L., Cherouati D. E. and Raponi E., Improvements in the Spark-Replica

Counter and the Breakdown Counter, Nucl. Tracks 12 (1986) 275.

Tse K.C.C., Ng F.M.F., Nikezic D. and Yu K.N., Bulk etch characteristics of colorless

LR 115 SSNTD, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 263 (2007) 294.

UNSCEAR, United Nation Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation,

Exposures from Natural Sources of Radiation, Annex A, A/Ac., 82/R. (1993) 526.

183

UNSCEAR, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation,

Sources and Biological Effects, UNSCEAR Report, Viena, U.N. (1982).

UNSCEAR: Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Report to the General Assembly

with Scientific Annexes, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic

Radiation, New York (2000).

UNSCEAR: Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Report to the General Assembly

with Scientific Annexes, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic

Radiation, New York (2006).

Vanchhawng L., Rohmingliana P.C., Thapa R.K., Mishra R., Sahoo B.K., Zoliana B. and

Mayya Y.S., Measurements of the equilibrium factor of radon in Aizawl, Mizoram, India,

Science Vision 11 (2011) 102.

Varshney R., Sonkawade R.G., Gupta M., Chauhan R.P., Mahur A.K., Kant K., Parveen

A. and Chakarvarti S.K., Bulk etch rate estimation of LR-115 SSNTD using PHOENIX

interface, Radiat. Meas. 46 (2011) 461.

Villeneuve P.J., Morrison H.I. and Lane R.S., Radon and Lung Cancer Risk: An

Extension of the Mortality Follow-Up of the Newfoundland Fluorspar Cohort, Health

Phys 92(2) (2007) 157.

Virk H.S. and Sharma N., Indoor radon/thoron survey report from Hamirpur and Una

districts, Himachal Pradesh, India, Appl Radiat Isotopes 52 (2000) 137.

Virk H.S. and Walia V., Helium/Radon precursory signals of Chamoli earthquake, India,

Rad. Meas. 34 (2001) 379.

Virk H.S., Earthquake forecasting using radon signals, Physics Education 7 (1990) 221.

Virk H.S., Indoor radon levels near the radioactive sites of Himachal Pradesh, India,

Environ Int 25(1) (1999) 47.

Viswanathan R., Gupta S. and Iyer P.V.K., Incidence of primary lung cancer in India,

Thorax 17 (1962) 73.

184

Wafaa Arafa, Permeability of Radon-222 through Some Materials, Rad. Meas. 35 (2002)

207.

Warren R.K., Recent advances in uranium exploration with electronic alpha cups,

Geophysics 42(5) (1977) 982.

Weiffenbach V., Radon, water and air pollution: risks and control, Land and water

resource centre, University of Maineat, Oronso (1982).

Wolfson Richard, Essential University Physics, 2 Ist Ed., Pearson Education (2007) 684.

Wong C.F. and Hoberg P., Nucl. Instr. Meth. 203 (1982) 443.

World Health Organisation. Global Info base. https://apps.who.int/infobase/report.aspx?i

so=IND&ri d=119&goButton=Go last (Accessed on 02 February, 2010)

World Health Organization. WHO Handbook on Indoor Radon: A Public Health

Perspective, Geneva, (2009).

World Health Organization. Cancer. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/

fs297/en/index.html (Accessed on 27 September, 2012)

Wrenn M.E., Spitz H. and Cohen N., IEEE Trans Nucl. Sci. NS-22 (1975) 645.

Yamada Y., Sun Q., Tokonami S., Akiba S., Zhuo W., Hou C., Zhang S., Ishikawa T.,

Furukawa M., Fukutsu K. and Yonehara H., Radon–thoron discriminative measurements

in Gansu Provenance, China and their implication for dose estimates, J. Toxic. Environ.

Health, Part A 69 (2006) 723.

Yip C.W.Y., Ho J.P.Y., Koo V.S.Y., Nikezic D. and Yu K. N., Effects of stirring on the

bulk etch rate of LR 115 detector, Radiat. Meas. 37 (2003) 197.

Yip C.W.Y., Ho J.P.Y., Nikezic D. and Yu K.N., A fast method to measure the thickness

of removed layer from etching of SSNTD based on EDXRF, Radiat. Meas. 36 (2003)

161.

185

Yu K.N. and Ng F.M.F., Fast and non-destructive determination of active-layer thickness

of LR 115 SSNTD using a color commercial document scanner, Nuc. Inst. Meth. Phys.

Res. B 226 (2004) 365.

Yu K.N., Yip C.W.Y., Ho J.P.Y. and Nikezic D., Application of Surface Profilometry in

Studying the Bulk Etch of Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors, Current Issues on

Multidisciplinary Microscopy Research and Education, FORMATEX (2004) 250.

Zastawny A., Kwasniewicz E. and Rabsztyn B., Measurement of the 232Th, 238U and 40K

concentration in some samples of ashes from power stations in Poland, Nukleonika 24

(1979) 535.