REFERENCES

Abe, T., Kazama, Y., Ichida, H., Hayashi, Y., Ryuto, H., Fukunishi, N., 2007,

“Cyclotrons and Their Applications 2007”, the 18th International Conference on

Cyclotrons and their Applications, Sicily, Italy, pp. 222-224.

Aebi, H. 1984. Catalase in vitro. Meth. Enzymol., 105 : 121-126.

Agarwal, M., Shrivastava, N., Padh, H. 2008. Advances in molecular marker techniques

and their applications in plant sciences. Plant Cell Rep., 27 : 617–631.

Alves, J. D., Van Toai, T. T., Kaya, N. 1998. Differential display: a novel PCR-based

method for gene isolation and cloning. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal,

10(2) : 161-164.

Anuntalabhochai, S., Chaingda, J., Chundet, R., Apavatjrut, P., 2000, “Genetic diversity

within Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) based on RAPD analysis”, International

Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Canns, Australia,

pp. 45.

Anuntalabhochai, S., Chundet, R., Phanchaisri, B., Yu, L.D., Promthep, S., Jamjod, S.,

Vilaithong, T., 2004, “Mutation induction in Thai purple rice by low-energy ion

beam”, Proceedings of the 9th Asia Pacific Physics Conference (9th APPC),

Hanoi, Vietnam.

Anuntalabhochai, S., Chundet, R., Phanchisiri, B., Yu, L.D., Vilaithong, T., Brown, I.G.

2001. Ion-Beam-Induced deoxyribose nucleic acid transfer. Appl. Phys. Lett.,

78(16) : 1-3.

146

Anuntalabhochai, S., Sitthiphrom, S., Thongtaksin, W., Sanguansermsri, M., Cutler,

R.W. 2007b. Hybrid detection and characterization of Curcuma spp. using

sequence characterized DNA markers. Sci. Hortic., 111 : 389-393.

Anuntalabhochai, S.,Chandet, R., Pitakrattananukool, S., Semsang, N., Vilaithong, T.,

Cutler, R. W., 2007a, “Induction of anthocyanin accumulation in Thai jasmine

rice mutant by low-energy ion beam”, BioAsia 2007: The 2nd International

Conference on Rice for the Future. Bangkok, Thailand.

Apavatjrut, P., Alisi, C., Phanchaisri, B., Yu, L.D., Anuntalabhochai, S., Vilaithong, T.

2003. Induction of exogenous molecule transfer into plant cells by ion beam

bombardment. ScienceAsia, 29 : 99-107.

Avila, J., Nieto, C., Canas, L., Benito, M.J., Paz-Arez, J. 1993. Petunia hybrida genes

related to the maize regulatory c1 gene and to animal myb proto-oncogenes.

Plant J., 3 : 553–562.

Bautista, R., Crespillo, R., Cánovas, F.M., Claros, M.G. 2003. Identification of olive-tree

cultivars with SCAR markers. Euphytica., 129 : 33–41.

Beak, K.H., Skinner, D.Z. 2003. Alteration of antioxidant enzyme gene expression during

cold acclimation of near-isogenic wheat lines. Plant Sci., 165 : 1221-1227.

Benzie, I.F.F., Strain, J.J. 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a

measure of ‘‘antioxidant power’’: The FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem., 239 : 70–76.

Blakely, E.A. 1992. Cell inactivation by heavy charged particles, Radiat. Environ.

Biophys., 31 : 181–196.

Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram

quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal.

Biochem., 72 : 248–254.

147

Breusegem, F.V., Vranova, E., Dat, J.F., Inze, D. 2001. The role of active oxygen species

in plant signal transduction. Plant Sci., 161 : 405-414.

Cao, G., Alessio, C.P., Cutler, R.G. 1993. Oxygen-radical absorbance capacity assay for

antioxidants. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 14 : 303–11.

Castillon, A., Shen, H., Huq, E. 2007. Phytochrome interacting factors: central players in

phytochrome-mediated light signaling networks. Trends Plant Sci., 12 : 514–521.

Chambers, A., 2004, Modern Vacuum Physics. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-

2438-6, OCLC 55000526.

Chandler, V.L., Radicella, J.P., Robbins, T.P., Chen, J., Turks, D. 1989. Two regulatory

genes of the maize anthocyanin pathway are homologous: Isolation of B utilizing

R genomic sequences. Plant Cell, 1 : 1175-1183.

Charlton, D.E., Nikjoo, H., Humm, J.L. 1989. Calculation of initial yields of single- and

double strand breaks in nuclei from electrons, protons, and alpha particles. Int. J.

Radiat. Biol., 56 : 1–19.

Chen, B. J., Zhu, S. W. 2001. Acta Laser Biology Sinica (in Chinese)., 10 : 40-43.

Chen, Y., Jiang, B., Chen, Y., Ding, X., Liu, X., Chen, C., Guo, X., Yin, G. 1998b.

Formation of plasmid DNA strand breaks induced by low energy ion beam:

indicating of nuclear stopping effects. Radiat. Environ. Biophys., 37 : 101–106.

Chen, Y., Zou, Z.Y., Zhang, F., Liu, D., Liu, X.H., Tang, J.Z., Zhu, W.M., Huang, B.,

Lin, Z.X. 1998a. High yield antibiotic producing mutants of Streptomyces

erythreus induced by low energy ion implantation. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B., 140 :

341–348.

Cone, K.C., Cocciolone, S.M., Burr, F.A., Burr, B. 1993. Maize anthocyanin regulatory

gene pl is a duplicate of c1 that functions in the plant. Plant Cell,

5 : 1795–1805.

148

Consonni, C., Humphry, M.E., Hartmann, H.A., Livaja, M., Durner, J., Westphal, L.,

Vogel, J., Lipka, V., Kemmerling, B., Schulze-Lefert, P., Somerville, S.C.,

Panstruga, R. 2006. Conserved requirement for a plant host cell protein in

powdery mildew pathogenesis. Nat. Gen., 38 : 716-720.

Cutler, R.W., Chundet, R., Handa, T., Anuntalabhochai, S. 2006. Development of

sequence characterized DNA markers linked to temperature dependence for

flower induction in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivars. Sci. Hortic., 107:

264-270.

Cutler, R.W., Sitthiphrom, S., Marha, J., Anuntalabhochai, S. 2007. Development of

sequence-characterized DNA markers linked to temperature insensitivity for fruit

production in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) cultivars. J. Agron. Crop Sci.,

193 : 74-78.

Dai, G.J., Wang, J.Y., Olajide, O., Li, Q.S., Shen, H., Xie, K.Z., Wang, Z.Y., Wu, S.L.,

Gu, Y.P., Zhang, G.X. 2005. Study on Molecular OPAY02-Scar Markers Related

to Early Body Weight of New Yangzhou Chickens. Int. J. Poultry Sci., 4 : 683-

688.

Datta, S.K. Role of classical mutation breeding in crop improvement : Daya Publishing

House, 2005.

de Pater. S., Pham. K., Memelin. J., Kijne. J. 1997. RAP-1 is Arabidopsis MYC-like R

protein homologue, that binds to G-box sequence motifs. Plant Mol. Biol., 34 :

169–174.

Dellaporta, S.L., Greenblatt, I.M., Kermicle, J.L., Hicks, J.B., Wessler, S.R. Molecular

cloning of the maize R-Nj allele by transposon tagging with Ac. In Gustafson J.P.,

Appels R. (Ed.): Chromosome Structure and Function, 1988.

Deng, J.G., Yu, Z.L., Qiu, L.J. 1992. ERS Study on ion-beam irradiated DNA and its

bases. Nucl. Techni., 15(10) : 600-605.

149

Diatchenko, L., Lau, Y.F., Campbell, A.P., Chenchik, A., Moqadam, F., Huang, B.,

Lukyanov, S., Lukyanov, K., Gurskaya, N., Sverdlov, E.D., Siebert, P.D. 1996.

Suppression subtractive hybridization: A method for generating differentially

regulated or tissue-specific cDNA probes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 93 : 6025.

Doulis, A.G., Debian, N., Kingston-Smith, A.H., Foyer, C.H. 1997. Differential

localization of antioxidants in maize leaves. Plant Physiol., 114 : 1031–1037.

Du, Y. H., Huang, S. H., Tan, Z. 1999. Determination of DNA single-strand breaks by

low-energy heavy ion and analysis of dose-effect curves. Chin. Sci. Bull., 44 :

711-714.

Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap.

Evolution, 39 : 783-791.

Fleet, C.M., Sun, T.-P. 2005. A DELLAcate balance: the role of gibberellin in plant

morphogenesis. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 877–85.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006, "The Rice is life":

International Rice Commission meets in Peru, Lima, Rome.

Foyer, C., Halliwell, B. 1976) The presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in

chloroplasts: a proposed role in ascorbic acid metabolism. Planta, 133 : 21–25.

Fukazawa, J., Sakai, T., Ishida, S., Yamaguchi, I., Kamiya, Y., Takahashi, Y. 2000.

Repression of shoot growth, a bZIP transcriptional activator, regulates cell

elongation by controlling the level of gibberellins. Plant Cell, 1 : 2901–915.

Fukui, K. Plant chromosomes at meiosis. in K. Fukui and S. Nakayama (Ed.), Plant

chromosomes: Laboratory methods: CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. 1996.

Gajewska, E., Skłodowska, M. 2008. Differential biochemical responses of wheat shoots

and roots to nickel stress: antioxidative reactions and proline accumulation. Plant

Growth Regul., 54 : 179–188.

150

Goff, S.A., Cone, K.C., Chandler, V.L. 1992a. Functional analysis of the transcriptional

activator encoded by the maize B gene: evidence for a direct functional interaction

between two classes of regulatory proteins. Genes Dev., 6 : 864–875.

Goodrich, J., Carpente, R., Coen, E.S. 1992. A common gene regulates pigmentation

pattern in diverse plant species. Cell, 68 : 955–964.

Goulão, L., Cabrita, L., Oliveira, C.M., Leitão, J.M. 2001. Comparing RAPD and AFLP

analysis in discrimination and estimation of genetic similarities among apple

(Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars. Euphytica, 119 : 259–270.

Grotewold, E., Sainz, M.B., Tagliani, L., Maecela Hernandez, J., Bowen, B., Chandler,

V.L. 2000. Identification of the residues in the Myb domain of maize C1 that

specify the interaction with the bHLH cofactor R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 97

: 13579–13584.

Gypmantasiri, P., Limnirankul, B., Phothachareon, C., 2004, “Sesbania rostrata in Rice-

Based Farming Systems of Northern Thailand”, Green Manure/Cover Crop

Systems of Smallholder Farmers, Thailand.

Han, N.-S., 1975a, Formation of Free Radicals in Photoirradiated Cellulose.VI. Effect of

Lignin, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 132641-2652.

Hargrove, T.R., Cabanilla, V.L. 1979. The impact of semi-dwarf varieties on Asian rice-

breeding programs. Biosci., 29 : 731–735.

Hatano, T., Kagawa, H., Yasuhara, T., Okuda, T. 1988. Two new flavonoids and other

constituents in licorice root: their relative astringency and radical scavenging

effects. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36 : 2090–2097.

Hedden, P., Proebsting, W. M. 1999. Genetic analysis of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant

Physiol., 119 : 365-370.

151

Hodges, D.M., DeLong, J.M., Forney, C.F., Prange, R.K. 1999. Improving the

thiobarbituric acid‐reactive‐substances assay for estimating lipid peroxidation in

plant tissues containing anthocyanin and other interfering compound. Planta, 207 :

604–611.

Holton, T.A., Cornish, E.C. 1995. Genetics and biochemistry of anthocyanin

biosynthesis. Plant Cell, 7 : 1071–1083.

Hon, N.-S., 1975b, Formation of free radicals in photoirradiated cellulose. VII. Radical

decay. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 13: 2653.

Hu, J., Reddy, V.S., Wessler, S.R. 1996. Isolation and characterization of rice R genes:

Evolution for distinct evolutionary paths in rice and maize. Genetics, 142 : 1021-

1031.

Huang, W.D., Han, J.W., Wang, X.Q., Yu, Z.L., Zhang, Y.H. 1998. KeV-ion irradiation

of solid glycine: an EPR Study. Nucl. Instr. Meth. B., 40137-40142.

Hubank, M., Schatz, D.G. 1994. Identifying difference analysis of cDNA. Nucl. Acids

Res., 22 : 5640.

Hunniford, C.A., Timson, D.J., Davies, R.J.H., McCullough, R.W. 2007. Damage to

plasmid DNA induced by low energy carbon ions. Phys. Med. Biol., 52 : 3729–

3740.

Hyun, J.W., Chung, H.S. 2004. Cyanidin and malvidin from Oryza sativa cv.

Heugjinjubyeo mediate cytotoxicity against human monocytic leukemia cells by

arrest of G2/M phase and induction of apoptosis. J Agric Food Chem., 52 : 2213–

2217.

Igarashi, D., Ishida, S., Fukazawa, J., Takahashi, Y. 2001. 14-3-3 proteins regulate

intracellular localization of the bZIP transcriptional activator RSG. Plant Cell, 13

: 2483–2497.

152

Ikeda, A., Ueguchi-Tanaka, M., Sonoda, Y., Kitano, H., Koshioka, M., Futsuhara, Y.,

Matsuoka, M., Yamaguchi, J. 2001. Slender rice, a constitutive gibberellin

response mutant is caused by a null mutation of the SLR1 gene, an orthologue of

the height regulating gene GAI/RGA/RHT/D8. Plant Cell, 13 : 999–1010.

Imanari, T., Hirota, M., Miyazaki, M. 1977. Improved assay method for superoxide

dismutase. J. Clin. Exp. Med., 101 : 496–497.

Inok, J., Ji-Hye, M., Jae, B.Y., Jae-Heung, Y., Tae, J.Y., Yong, J. K., Hyo, G. P. 2004.

Application of RAPD and SCAR Markers for Purity Testing of F1 Hybrid Seed in

Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum). Mol. Cells., 18 : 295-299.

Ishida, S., Fukazawa, J., Yuasa, T., Takahashi, Y. 2004. Involvement of 14-3-3 signaling

protein binding in the functional regulation of the transcriptional activator

repression of shoot growth by gibberellins. PlantCell,16 : 2641–2651.

Jennings, P. R. 1964. Plant type as a rice breeding objective. Crop Sci., 4 : 13–15.

Jiang, S., Chen, Q., Fang, X. 2000. Identifying and mapping cDNA fragments related to

rice photoperiod sensitive genomic male sterility. Chinese Sci. Bull., 45 : 536.

Jin, L., Xiao, P., Lu, Y., Shao, Y., Shen, Y., Bao, J. 2009. Quantitative trait loci for

brown rice color, phenolics, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant capacity in rice

grain cereal. Chem. J., 86(6) : 609-615.

Kalnins, M.A., 1966, Photochemical degradation of wood, in: ‘‘surface characteristics of

wood as they affect durability of finishes”, U.S. For. Serv., Res. Pap. FPl., 57.

Kamei, H., Kojima, T., Hasegawa, M., Koide, T., Umeda, T., Yukawa, T., Terabe, K.

1995. Suppression of tumor cell growth by anthocyanins in vitro. Cancer Invest.,

13 : 590–594.

153

Kanbashi, K., Wang, X., Komura, J., Ono, T., Yamamoto, K. 1997. Frameshifts base

substitutions and minute deletions constitute X-ray-induced mutations in the

endogenous tonB gene of Escherichia coli K12. Mutation Res., 385 : 259-267.

Kaundun, S.S., Matsumoto, S., Kuntze, O. 2003. Development of CAPS markers based

on three key genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway in tea, Camellia sinensis (L.)

and differentiation between assamica and sinensis varieties. Theor. Appl. Genet.,

106 : 375–383.

Khush, G.S. 1999. Green revolution: preparing for the 21st century. Genome, 42 : 646–

655.

Kikuchi, F., Futsuhara, Y. Inheritance of morphological characters: Inheritance of semi-

dwarf. in Matsuo, T. et al. (Ed.) Science of the rice plant, Tokyo Food and

Agricultural Policy Research Center, 1997.

Kinoshita, T., Maekawa, M. 1986. Genetical studies on rice plants. XCIV. Inheritance of

purple leaf color found in indica rice. J. Fac. Agr. Hokkaido Univ., 62 : 453–467.

Krasaechai, A., Yu, L.D., Sirisawad, T., Phornsawatchai, T., Bundithya, W., Taya, U.,

Anuntalabhochai, S., Vilaithong, T. 2009. Low-energy ion beam modification of

horticultural plants for induction of mutation. Surf. Coat. Tech., 203 : 2525-2530.

Kunihisa, M., Fukino, N., Matsumoto, S. 2003. Development of cleavage amplified

polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers for identification of strawberry cultivars.

Euphytica, 134 : 209–215.

Lee, G.P., Lee, C.H., Kim, C.S. 2004. Molecular markers derived from RAPD, SCAR,

and the conserved 18S rDNA sequences for classification and identification in

Pyrus pyrifolia and P. communis. Theor. Appl. Genet., 108 : 1487–1491.

154

Lett J.T. 1992. Damage to cellular DNA from particulate radiations, the efficacy of its

processing and the radio sensitivity of mammalian cells: Emphasis on DNA

double strand breaks and chromatin breaks. Radiat. Environ. Biophys., 31 : 257–

277.

Li, K., Nie, Y., Zhang, D., Zhang, J., Zhang, G. 2007. AFLP analysis of Arabidopsis

thaliana treated by low-energy ion beam. IEEE T. Plasma Sci., 35 : 454-459.

Li, L., Yang, J., Li, J. 1994. Research on damage of ion beam irradiated pUC18 plasmid

DNA. J. Anhui Agri. Sci., 1994-2004.

Liang, P., Pardee, A. B. 1992. Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by

means of the polymerase chain reaction. Science, 257: 967.

Ludwig, S.R., Habera, L.F., Dellaporta, S.L., Wessler, S.R. 1989. Lc, a member of the

maize R gene family responsible for tissue specific anthocyanin production,

encodes a protein similar to transcriptional activators and contains the myc-

homology region. Proc. Nail. Acad. Sci. USA., 86 : 7092-7096.

Ludwig, S.R., Wessler, S.R. 1990. Maize R gene family: tissue-specific helix loop-helix

proteins. Cell, 62 : 849–851.

Lue, W.L., Kuhn, D., Nicholson, R.L. 1989. Chalcone synthase activity in sorghum

mesocotyls inoculated with Colletotrichum graminicola. Physiol. Mol. Plant

Pathol., 35 : 413–422.

Maekawa, M., Hase, Y., Shikazono, N., Tanaka, A. 2003. Introduction of somatic

instability in stable yellow leaf mutant of rice by ion beam irradiation. Nucl. Instr.

And Meth. B., 206 : 576-585.

Magori, S., Tanaka, A., Kawaguchi, M. Physically induced mutation: ion beam

mutagenesis. in The Handbook of Plant Mutation Screening: WILEY-VCH

Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2010.

155

Mannervik, B., Guthenberg, C. 1981. Glutathione transferase (human placenta). Meth.

Enzymol., 77 : 231–235.

Martin, C., Prescott, A., MacKay, S., Bartlett, J., Vrijlandt, E. 1991. The control of

anthocyanin biosynthesis in flowers of Antirhinnum majus. Plant J., 1 : 37-49.

Matsumoto, S., Fukui, H. 1996. Identification of rose cultivars and clonal plants by

random amplified polymorphic DNA. Sci. Hort., 67 : 49–54.

McCouch, S.R., Chen, X., Panaud, O., Temnykh, S., Xu, Y., Cho, Y.G., Huang, N., Ishii,

T., Blair, M. 1997. Microsatellite marker development, mapping and applications

in rice genetics and Breeding. Plant Mol. Biol., 35 : 89–99.

Mi-Yae, S., Tae-Hun, K., Nak-Ju, S. 2003. Antioxidants and free radical scavenging

activity of Phellinus baumii (Phellinus of Hymenochaetaceae) extracts. Food

Chem., 82 : 593–597.

Modenhauer, K., Slaton, N. Rice production handbook in Rice growth and development,

University of Arkansas, United States Department of Agriculture, and County

Governments Cooperating, pp. 7-8, 2001.

Mol, J., Grotewold, E., Koes, R. 1998. How genes paint flowers and seeds. Trends Plant

Sci., 3 : 212–217.

Morán, J.F., Becana, M., Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I., Frechilla, S., Klucas, R.V., Aparicio-Tejo,

P. 1994. Drought induces oxidative stress in pea plants. Planta, 194 : 346-352.

Moyano, E., Martinez-Garcia, J.F., Martin, C. 1996. Apparent redundancy in myb gene

function proides gearing for the control of flavonoid biosynthesis in Antirrhinum

flowers. Plant Cell., 8 : 1519–1532.

Nam, S.H., Choi, S.P., Kang, M.Y., Koh, H.J., Kozukue, N., Friedman, M. 2006.

Antioxidative activities of bran from twenty one pigmented rice cultivars. Food

Chem., 94 : 613–620.

156

Nesi, N., Debeaujon, I., Jond, C., Pelletier, G., Caboche, M., Lepiniec, L. 2000. The TT8

gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix domain protein required for expression of

DFR and BAN genes in Arabidopsis siliques. Plant Cell, 12 : 1863–1878.

Ngaojampa, C., Nimmanpipug, P., Yu L.D., Anuntalabhochai, S., Lee, V.S. 2010.

Molecular simulations of ultra-low-energy nitrogen ion bombardment of A-DNA

in vacuum. J. Mol. Graph. & Model., 28(6) : 533-539.

Noctor, G., Foyer, C.H. 1998. Ascorbate and Glutathione: keeping active oxygen under

control. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol., 49 : 249–279.

Office of Agricultural Economics, Center for Agricultural Information. 2005.

“Agricultural Statistics of Thailand, Crop Year 2003/2004.” [Online]. Available

http://www.oae.go.th (16 January 2007).

Okamura, M., Yasuno, N., Ohtsuka, M., Tanaka, A., Shikazono, N., Hase, Y. 2003. Wide

variety of flower-color and -shape mutants regenerated from leaf cultures

irradiated with ion beams. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B., 206: 574.

Paran, I., Michelmore, R.W. 1993. Development of reliable PCR-based markers linked to

downy mildew resistance genes in lettuce. Theor Appl Genet., 85 : 985-993.

Paz-Ares, J., Ghosal, D., Wienand, U., Peterson, P.A., Saedler, H. 1987. The regulatory

c1 locus of Zea mays encodes a protein with homology to myb proto-oncogene

products and with structural similarities to transcriptional activators. EMBO J., 6 :

3553–3558.

Phanchaisri, B. “Characterization of Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice (Oryza sativa L. cv.

KDML 105) induced by low-energy ion beam.” Ph.D. Thesis, Chiang Mai

University, 2008.

Phanchaisri, B., Chandet, R., Yu, L.D., Vilaithong, T., Jamjod, S., Anuntalabhochai, S.

(2007). Low-energy ion beam-induced mutation in Thai jasmine rice (Oryza

sativa L. cv. KDML 105). Surf. Coat. Tech., 201 : 8024–8028.

157

Phanchaisri, B., Yu, L.D., Chundet, R., Anuntalabhochai, S., Apavatjrut, P., Vilaithong,

T., Brown, I.G. 2002. Characteristics of heavy ion beam-bombarded bacteria E.

coli and induced direct DNA transfer. Surf. Coat. Tech., 158-159 : 624-629.

Philpott, M., Gould, K.S., Lim, C., Ferguson, L.R. 2006. In situ and in vitro antioxidant

activity of sweetpotatoanthocyanins. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54 : 1710–1715.

Pires, N., Dolan, L. 2010. Origin and Diversification of Basic-Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins

in Plants. Mol. Biol. Evol., 27(4) : 862–874.

Prise, K.M., Folkard, M., Malcolmson, A.M., Pullar, C.H.L., Schettino, G., Bowey, A.G.,

Michael, B.D. 2000. Single ion actions: The induction of micronuclei in V79 cells

exposed to individual protons. Adv. Space Res., 25 : 2095-2101.

Quattrocchio, F., Wing, J.F., Leppen, H.T.C., Mol, J.N.M., Koes, R.E. 1993. Regulatory

genes controlling anthocyanin pigmentation are functionally conserved among

plant species and have distinct sets of target genes. Plant Cell, 5 : 1497–1512.

Quattrocchio, F., Wing, J.F., van der Woude, K., Mol, J.N.M, Koes, R.E. 1998. Analysis

of bHLH and MYB domain proteins: species-specific regulatory differences are

caused by divergent evolution of target anthocyanin genes. Plant J., 13 : 475–488.

Quattrocchio, F., Wing, J.F., van der Woude, K., Souer, E., de Veten, N., Mol, J.N.,

Koes, R. 1999. Molecular analysis of the anthocyanin2 gene of petunia and its

role in the evolution of flower color. Plant Cell, 11 : 1433-144.

Rajapakse, S., Hubbard, M., Kelly, J.W., Abbott, A.G., Ballard, R.E. 1992. Identification

of rose cultivars by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Sci. Hort., 52 :

237–245.

Ramsay, N.A., Glover, B.J. 2005. MYB-bHLH-WD40 protein complex and the evolution

of cellular diversity. Trends Plant Sci., 10 : 63–70.

158

Reddy, A.R., Scheffler, B., Madhuri, G., Srivastava, M.N., Kumar, A., Sathyanarayana,

P.V., Nair, S., Mohan, M. 1996a. Chalcone synthase in rice (Oryza sativa L.):

detection of CHS protein in seedlings and molecular mapping of the Chs locus.

Plant Mol. Biol., 32 : 735–743.

Reddy, V.S., Dash, S., Reddy, A.R. 1995. Anthocyanin pathway in rice (Oryza sativa L.):

identification of a mutant showing dominant inhibition of anthocyanins in leaf

and accumulation of proanthocyanidins in pericarp. Theor. Appl. Genet., 91 :

301-312.

Reddy, V.S., Scheffler, B.E., Weinand, U., Wessler, S.R., Reddy, A.R. 1998. Cloning

and characterization of the rice homologue of the maize C1 anthocyanin

regulatory gene, EMBL accession number Y15219. Plant Mol. Biol., 36 : 497–

498.

Reddy, V.S., Scheffler, B.E.,Weinand, U., Reddy, A.R. 1996b. Dfr from rice cv. Purple

puttu. Plant Mol. Biol., 32 : 1235–1237.

Roos, M.D., Hanover, J.A. 2000. Structure of O-linked GlcNAc transferase: mediator of

glycan-dependent signaling. Biochem. Biophys. Res., 271 : 275–280.

Roxas, V.P., Lodhi, S.A., Garrett, D.K., Mahan, J.R., Allen, R.D. (2000). Stress tolerance

in transgenic tobacco seedlings that overexpress Glutathione S-

transferase/guaiacol peroxidase. Plant Cell Physiol., 41 : 1229–1234.

Ruangsuttapha, S., Eimert, K., Schröder, M.B., Silayoi, B., Denduangboripant, J.,

Kanchanapoom, K. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of banana cultivars from Thailand

based on HAT-RAPD markers. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol., 54 : 1565–1572.

Ryu, S.N., Park, S.Z., Ho, C.-T. 1998. High performance liquid chromatographic

determination of anthocyanin pigments in some varieties of black rice. J. Food

Drug Analy., 6(4) : 729-736.

159

Sadabpod, K., Kangsadalampai, K., Tongyonk, L. 2010. Antioxidant activity and

antimutagenicity of hom nil rice and black glutinous rice. J. Health Res., 24(2) :

49-54.

Saiki, R.K., Gelgand, D.H., Stoffel, S., Scharf, S.J., Higuchi, R., Horn, G.T., Mullis,

K.B., Erlich, H.A. 1988. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with

thermostable DNA polymerase. Science, 239 : 487–491.

Saitoh, K., Onishi, K., Mikami, I., Thidar, K., Sano, Y. 2004. Allelic diversification at the

C (OsC1) locus of wild and cultivated rice: nucleotide changes associated with

phenotypes. Genetics, 168 : 997– 1007.

Saitou, N., Nei, M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing

phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. and Evol. 4 : 406-425.

Sakamoto, W., Ohmori, T., Kageyama, K., Miyazaki, C., Saito, A., Murata, M., Noda,

K., Maekawa, M. 2001. The purple leaf (Pl) locus of rice: the Plw allele has a

complex organization and includes two genes encoding basic helix-loop-helix

proteins involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Plant Cell Physiol., 42 : 982–991.

Satue-Gracia, M., Heinonen, I.M., Frankel, E.N. 1997. Anthocyanins as antioxidants on

human low-density lipoprotein and lecithin-liposome system. J. Agric. Food

Chem., 45 : 3362–3367.

Scheffler, B.E., Reddy, A.R., Hoffman, I., Wienand, U. 1995. Chalcone synthase cDNA

from Oryza sativa. Plant Physiol., 109 : 722.

Shao, C. L., Yu, Z. L. 1996. J. Radiat. Res. Proces. 14 : 157- 161.

Shi, H. B., Shao, C. L., Yu, Z. L. 2001. Preliminary study on the way of formation of

amino acids on primitive earth under non-reducing conditions. Radiat. Phys. and

Chem., 62 : 393-397.

160

Shih, C.H., Chu, H., Tang, L.K., Sakamoto, W., Maekawa, M., Chu, I.K., Wang, M., Lo,

C. 2008. Functional characterization of key structural genes in rice flavonoid

biosynthesis. Planta, 228 : 1043–1054.

Shimada, A., Ueguchi-Tanaka, M., Sakamoto, T., Fujioka, S., Takatsuto, S., Yoshida, S.,

Sazuka, T., Ashikari, M., Matsuoka, M. 2006. The rice SPINDLY gene functions

as a negative regulator of gibberellin signaling by controlling the suppressive

function of the DELLA protein, SLR1, and modulating brassinosteroid synthesis.

Plant J., 48 : 390–402.

Shin, Y.M., Park, H.J., Yim, S.D., Baek, N.I., Lee, C.H., An, G., Woo, Y.M. 2006.

Transgenic rice lines expressing maize C1 and R-S regulatory genes produce

various flavonoids in the endosperm. Plant Biotech. J., 4 : 303–315.

Shirley, B.W. 1996. Flavonoid biosynthesis: ‘new’ functions for an ‘old’ pathway.

Trends Plant Sci., 1 : 377–382.

Shirley, B.W., Kubasek, W.L., Storz, G., Bruggemann, E., Koornneef, M., Ausubel,

F.M., Goodman, H.M. 1995. Analysis of Arabidopsis mutants deficient in

flavonoid biosynthesis. Plant J., 8 : 659–671.

Shu, Q.Y. Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era. Food and Agriculture

Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp. 425-427, 2009.

Silverstone, A.L., Mak, P.Y.A., Martnez, E. C., Sun, T-p. 1997. The new RGA locus

encodes a negative regulator of gibberellin response in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Genetics, 146 : 1087–1099.

Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J.A. Jr. 1965. Colorimetric of total phenolics with

phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American J. Enol. and Viticul.,

16 : 144–158.

161

Sirithunya, P., Sriprakhon, S., Vongsaprom, C., Sreewongchai, T., Vanavichit, A.,

Toojinda, T. Discovery of broad spectrum blast resistance in rice. in Vanavichit,

A. (Ed.), 1st International Conference on Rice for the Future. Kasetsart

University, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 160, 2004.

Smith, J.S.C., Chin, E.C.L., Shu, H., Smith, O.S., Wall, S.J., Senior, M.L., Mitchell, S.E.,

Kresovich, S., Ziegle, J. 1997. An Evaluation of the Utility of SSR Loci as

Molecular Markers in Maize (Zea mays L.): Comparisons with Data from RFLP

and Pedigree. Theor. and Appl. Genet., 95(1/2) : 163-173.

Spelt, C., Quattrocchio, F., Mol, J., Koes, R. 2000. Anthocyanin1 of petunia encodes a

basic-helix loop helix protein that directly activates structural anthocyanin genes.

Plant Cell, 12 : 1619–1631.

Sripalwit, P., Wongsawad, C., Wongsawad, P., Anuntalabhochai, S. 2006. High

annealing temperature-random amplified polymorphic DNA (HAT-RAPD)

analysis of three paramphistome flukes from Thailand. Exp. Parasitol., 115 : 98-

102.

Swain, S.M., Tseng, T.-s., Thornton, T.M., Gopalraj, M., Olszewski, N. 2002. SPINDLY

is a nuclear-localized repressor of gibberellin signal transduction expressed

throughout the plant. Plant Physiol., 129 : 605–615.

Swarts, S. G., Sevilla, M. D., Becker, D., Tokar, Ch. J., Wheeler, K. T. 1992. Radiation

induced DNA damage as a function of hydration. I. Release of unaltered bases.

Radiat. Res., 129 : 333-344.

Swati, B., Ramesh, K.J., Begum, Z.N. 1999. Medium Range Prediction of summer

monsoon activities over India vis-avis their correspondence with observational

features. Adv. in Atmos. Sci., 16(1) : 133-146.

Takeda, K. 1977. Internode elongation and dwarfism in some gramineous plants. Gamm.

Field. Symp., 16 : 1-18.

162

Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M., Kumar, S. 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary

Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol. Biol. and Evol., 24 : 1596-

1599.

Temnykh, S., Park, W.D., Ayres, N., Cartinhour, S., Hauck, N., Lipovich, L., Cho, Y.G.,

Ishii, T., McCouch, S.R. 2000. Mapping and genome organization of

microsatellite sequences in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Theoretical and Applied

Genetics, 100 : 697-7125.

The Nation (Thailand). “Rice strain is cause of comparatively low productivity.” 2 Feb.

2009.

Thornton, T.M., Swain, S.M., Olszewski, N.E. 1999. Gibberellin signal transduction

presents the SPY who O-GlcNAc’d me. Trends Plant Sci., 4 : 424–428.

Tindall, K.R., Stein, J., Hutchinson, F. 1988. Changes in DNA base sequence induced by

gamma-ray mutagenesis of lambda phage and prophage. Genetics, 118(4) : 551–

560.

Tsuda, T., Horio, F., Osawa, T. 2002. Cyanidin 3-О-β-glucoside suppresses nitric oxide

production during a zymosan treatment in rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 48 : 305–

310.

Tsuda, T., Horio, F., Uchida, K., Aoki, H., Osawa, T. 2003. Dietary cyanidin 3-О-β-D-

glucoside-rich purple corn color prevents obesity and ameliorates hyperglycemia.

J. Nutr., 133 : 2125–2130.

Verma, S., Dubey, R.S. 2003. Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the

activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants. Plant Sci., 164 : 645–

655.

163

Vilaithong, T. Anuntalabhochai, S., Yu, L.D., Punchaisri, B., Apavatjrut, P., Brown, I.G.

“Studies on Low Energy Ion Beam Induced DNA Transfer in Bacteria in

Thailand.” Poster, The Third National Meeting of Ion Beam Bioengineering and

the First International Symposium on Ion Beam, Wurumqi, Xinjinag, P.R.China ,

2002.

Vilaithong, T., Yu, L.D., Alisi, C. , Punchaisri, B., Anuntalabhochai, S., Apavatjarut, P.

2000. A study of low-energy ion beam effects on outer plant cell structure for

exogenous macromolecule transferring. Surf. and Coat. Tech., 128-129 : 133-138.

Vilaithong, T., Yu, L.D., Apavatjrut, P., Phanchaisri, B., Sangyuenyongpipat, S.,

Anuntalabhochai, S., Brown, I.G. 2004. Heavy ion induced DNA transfer in

biological cells. Radiat. Phys. and Chem., 71 : 927-935.

Walcott, J.J., Laing, D.R. 1976. Some physiological aspects of growth and yield in wheat

crops: a comparison of a semi-dwarf and standard height cultivar. Aust. J. Exp.

Agric. Anim. Husb., 16 : 578–587.

Walker, A.R., Davison, P.A., Bolognesi-Winfield, A.C., James, C.M., Srinivasan, N.,

Blundell, T.L., Esch, J.J., Marks, M.D., Gray, J.C. 1999. The TRANSPARENT

TESTA GLABRA1 locus, which regulates trichome differentiation and

anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, encodes a WD40 repeat protein. Plant

Cell, 11 : 1337-1350.

Wang, Q., Zhang, G., Du, Y.H., Zhao, G.Y. 2003. Low-energy (30 keV) carbon induced

mutation spectrum in the Lacz gene of M13mp18 double-stranded DNA. Mut.

Res., 528 : 55-60.

Wang, X., Chen, Y., Yang, G., Liu, X., Zou, S. 1993. Monte-Carlo Study of Reactive

Ion-Beam Assisted Film Growth. Appl. Phys. A., 56 : 561-565.

Wang, Z., Brown, D.D. 1991. A gene expression screen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.,

88(24) : 11505–11509.

164

Wangzhen, G., Tianzhen, Z., Xinlian, S., John, Z.Y., Russell, J.K. 2003. Development of

SCAR marker linked to a major qtl for high fiber strength and its usage in

molecular-marker assisted selection in upland cotton. Crop Sci., 43 : 2252-2256.

Waugh, R., Leader, D.J., McCallum, N., Caldwell, D. 2006. Harvesting the potential of

induced biological diversity. Trends in Plant Sci., 11 : 71-79.

Weising, K., Nybom, H., Wolff, K., Meyer, W. DNA fingerprinting in plants and fungi.

in Paterson A.H. (Ed.) Genome mapping in plants, Landes Company, Texas,

USA, pp. 95-110, 1995.

Wells, L., Vosseller, K., Hart, G.W. 2001. Glycosylation of nucleocytoplasmic proteins:

Signal transduction and O-GlcNAc. Science., 291 : 2376–2378.

Wijker, C.A., Lafleur, M.V. 1999. The presence of traces of iron and copper ions during

gamma-irradiation does not result in clear mutational hotspots in the lacI gene.

Mutat. Res., 429 : 27–35.

Williams, J.G.K., Hanafey, M.K., Rafalski, J.A., Tingey, S.V. 1993. Genetic analysis

using random amplified polymorphic ADN markers. Meth Enzymol., 218 : 704-

740.

Wu, L., Yu, Z. 2001. Radiobiological effects of a low-energy ion beam on wheat. Radiat.

Environ. Biophys., 40 : 53–57.

Xiao, Z. A., Wu, J. Y., Sun, Z. Y. 2004. J. Beijing Normal University. (in Chinese). 40 :

518- 622.

Yamaguchi, H., Nagatomi, S., Morishita, T., Degi, K., Tanaka, A., Shikazono, N., Hase,

Y. 2003. Mutation induced with ion beam irradiation in rose. Nucl. Instrum.

Meth. Phys. Res. B., 206 : 561–564.

165

Yang, J. B., Wu, L. J., Li, L. Y., Wu, J. D., Yu, Z. L. 1997. Sequence analysis lacZ-

mutations induced by ion beam irradiation in double-stranded M13mp 18DNA;

Sci. China Ser. C., 40 : 107–112.

Yawadio, R., Tanimori, S., Morita, N. 2007. Identification of phenolic compounds

isolated from pigmented rices and their aldose reductase inhibitory activities.

Food Chem., 101(4): 1616-1625.

Yoshida, K.T., Naito, S, Takeda, G. 1994. cDNA cloning of regeneration-specific genes

in rice by differential screening of randomly amplified cDNAs using RAPD

primers. Plant Cell Physiol., 35 : 1003.

Yu Z.L. 1997. Ion beam and biology science. Physics (Chinese), 26 : 333-338.

Yu, L.D. Ion Implantation and Materials Modification; Introduction and Fundamentals,

Institute for Science and Technology Research and Development, Chiang Mai

University. Chiang Mai, Thailand. 1997.

Yu, L.D., Sangyuenyongpipat, S., Seprom, C., Thongleurm, C., Suwanksum, R., Tondee,

N., Prakrajang, K., Vilaithong, T., Brown, I.G., Wiedemann, H. 2007. A

specialized bioengineering ion beam line. Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. B., 257 : 790.

Yu, L.D., Vilaithong, T., Brown, I.G. (Eng. Ed.). Introduction to Ion Beam

Biotechnology. Yu Z.L. (in Chinese): Springer Science & Business Media, New

York, USA, 2006.

Yu, L.D., Vilaithong, T., Phanchaisri, B., Apavatjrut, P., Anuntalabhochai, S., Evans, P.,

Brown, I.G. 2003. Ion penetration depth in plant cell wall. Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

in Phys. Res. B., 206 : 586-590.

Yu, Z. L. An introduction of Ion Beam Biotechnology. Hefei: Anhui Science &

Technology Press, P.R.China, 1998.

166

Yu, Z. L., Deng, J. G., He, J. J. 1991. Mutation breeding by ion implantation. Nucl.

Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B., 59-60 : 705–708.

Yu, Z.L. 1999. Interaction between low energy ions and the complicated organism.

Plasma Sci. and Tech., 1(1) : 79-85.

Yu, Z.L. 2000. Ion Beam Application in Genetic Modification. IEEE Trans.on Plasma

Sci., 20(1).

Yu, Z.L., Wang, X.D., Deng, J.G., He, J.J., Zhou, J. 1989. “Primary studies of mutational

mechanism for rice induced by ion implantation” Anhui Agricult. Sci., 16(1) :

128–132.

Zang, L.S., Jiang, T., Xu, J., Liu, S.S., Zhang, Y.J. 2006. SCAR molecular markers of the

B biotype and two non-B populations of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera:

Aleyrodidae). Chinese J. Agric. Biotech., 3 : 189-194.

Zhao, C., Giusti, M.M., Malik, M., Moyer, M.P., Magnuson, B.A. 2004. Effects of

commercial anthocyanin-rich extracts on colonic cancer and non-tumorigenic

colonic cell growth. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52 : 6122–6128.

Zhao, Y., Tan, Z., Du, Y. H., Qiu, G. Y. 2003. Electrophoresis examination of strand

breaks in plasmid DNA induced by low-energy nitrogen ion irradiation. Nucl.

Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B., 211(2) : 211-218.

Ziegler J.F. (2011). The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter, in Particle Interactions

with Matter, SRIM. Pergamon Press, New York, USA. [Online] Aviable

http://www.srim.org.

Zuckerkandl, E., Pauling, L. Evolutionary divergence and convergence in proteins, in V.

Bryson and H.J. Vogel. (Ed.) Evolving Genes and Proteins, Academic Press, New

York, pp. 97-166, 1965.