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Glossary of Agricultural and Information Technology terms
Agricultural Technology
Agricultural extension Providing information to farmers
Agri-trade Trade of agricultural commodities
JfDS Agricultural Information Dissemination System
AKIS Agricultural Knowledge Information System
APEDA Agricultural Products Marketing & Export
Development Authority
Beneficiaries Those getting benefits
Cyber extension Technology dissemination through IT
DARE Department of Agricultural Research and
Education
FMS Farm Management System
Food security Sufficient food for citizens
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GOI Government of India
Green revolution Increasing food production
Gyandoot IT project in Madhya Pradesh
HIC Honda Informatics Centre
Hybrid Mixture
Knowledge triangle Agriculture, knowledge and extension
KVK Krishi Vigyan Kendra
MSSRF M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation
NARES National Agricultural Research and Extension
System
Pest management Krishi Vigyan Kendra
Rainfed Plenty of rains
Recession Slump
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
WTO World Trade Organization
Information Technology
ANDES A Nifty Data Extraction System
ASCII American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
CAD Computer Aided Design
120
CML Chemical Markup Language
CRC Class responsibility Collaboration
CRTC Canadian Radio-television and
Telecommunications Commission
CSS Cascading style sheets
Data mining Extracting data
DBMS Database Management Systems
DCMI Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
DOM Document Object Model
DTD Document Type Definition
EBNF Extended Backus-Naur Form
e-book Book in digital form
GIS Geographical Information System
ICT Internet and Communication Teclinologies
IDE Information Development Environment
IS Information Systens
JDBC Java Database Connectivity
Knowledge management Organizing, classification of knowledge
KTBL Association for Technology and Structures in
Agriculture
NCSA National Centre for Supercomputer Applications
OSCAR Open Source Communication in Agricultural
Research
OWL Web Ontology Language
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PKI Public Key Infi-astructure
RAD Rapid Application Development
RDF Resource Description Language
RSS Really Simple Syndication
SAX Simple API for XML
SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language
SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
URL Uniform Resource Locator
WAP Wireless Application Protocol
WML Wireless Markup Language
WSDL Web Service Definition Language
XSD XML Schema Definifion
XSL Extensible style sheet Language
XSLT XSL Transformations
121
ANNEXUREI
Form for collecting information from mushroom growers
Name Father's Name
Address Telephone No
Growing mushroom since (year)
Type of farm. Seasonal Climate controlled
Mushrooms grown. 1 2 3
Annual Production tonnes. Category SS/MS/LS
Whether Processing ? If yes products.l 2
Marketing. 1. Local 2. Other States 3. Export
Compost procured from. (Address)
Spawn procured from (Address)
If own compost prepared.. Method of preparation (Short/Long)
Problems encountered in Mushroom growing
1.
2.
3.
6.
Problems which you think could be solved with timely guidance/information
(In the order of priority)
1.
2.
3.
122
Annexure-II
Importance of mushroom in the Indian agricultural scenario
Every year millions of tons of agricultural waste (wheat straw, paddy straw,
sugarcane bagasse, coconut husk etc.) is burnt for disposal as farmers find no other
use of it [22]. This waste can be used to grow mushrooms and provide a high protein
diet to the citizens. In fact FAO has selected mushroom as a commodity to reduce
malnutrition in the third world countries [9].
Secondly, the rapid climatic changes and radical shifts in the weather patterns
resulting in droughts or floods in the last two decades has led to repeated crop
failures which has broken the back of hidian farmers. Mushroom growing, being an
indoor activity [71], [72], is immune to these climatic changes. Also, it does not
require huge space. It can be initially started in a small (lOftxlOftxlOft) room to
provide supplementary income to the farmer, and can be gradually increased. In fiature
mushroom cultivation can be started on a large scale to increase the income of the
farmers as well as provide valuable protein to the rapidly increasing Indian
population.
Thirdly, a mushroom grower can take 4-5 crops of mushrooms per year
depending upon the varieties of mushrooms he is growing. There is no other
agriculture crop which can be harvested these many times. As the land available for
farming goes down year after year due to marginalization (repeated division of land
holdings), mushroom growing can prove to be a viable solution to this problem.
Mushrooms can be grown in multiple storey buildings.
Regarding the nutritive and medicinal value of mushrooms, they are a
valuable health food - low in calories, high in vegetable proteins, chitin, iron, zinc,
fiber, essential amino acids, vitamins & minerals. Mushrooms also have a long history
of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The sodium potassium ratio in mushrooms is
ideal to prevent hypertension [70]. Studies have shown that lOOg of mushroom taken
everyday is chemoprotective, i.e. reduces the size of tumor and prevents breast and
prostrate cancer. They are rich in riboflavin, niacin, and selenium ( an antioxidant
123
which prevents tlie ageing of tissues). Mushrooms contain 90 per cent water and are
low in calories. Hence, they are an ideal food for persons following a weight
management progi-am or a diet for hypertensives. The higli potassium content helps
lower elevated blood pressure and reduces the risk of stroke and one serving of
mushrooms can provide about 20 to 40 percent of the daily requirement of copper,
which has cardioprotective properties. Recent studies have
shown shiitake and rez5/z; mushrooms are potential cancer-fighters. Reishi extracts
have been shown to stop the growth of cancerous tumors and also produce an
antihistamine action which can help to control allergies. Shiitake musluooms contain
a compound called lentinan. which is being used as a cancer ti'eatment in Japan. Due
to the qualities mentioned, mushroom has been added as a diet component in the diets
of patients in the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGI) Chandigarh.
Mushroom growing is a complex process involving many sub processes like
compost preparation, spawn production, crop management, crop protection,
harvesting, processing and marketing. In addition to these activities involved, farm
design [72] plays a very important role in mushroom production as the environmental
parameters of the mushroom house (temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide content)
have to be kept under specific range depending upon the mushroom species being
grown. All these activities make mushroom growing a highly technical enterprise
which requires expert technical guidance.
124