4
Alfaxan ® Anaesthetic Injection Alfaxan ® at a glance Repeatable. Reliable. Relax. Repeatable. Reliable. Relax.
Alfaxan® Anaesthetic Injection
Alfaxan® at a glance
References1. Muir,W.,etal.,Cardiorespiratoryandanestheticeffectsofclinical
andsupraclinicaldosesofalfaxaloneindogs.VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2008.35(6):p.451-462.
2. Muir, W., et al., The cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects ofclinical and supraclinical doses of alfaxalone in cats. VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2009.36(1):p.42-54.
3. Whittem, T. and Pasloske, P., RD9604.03 – H005. Eight day targetanimal safety study of intravenous Alfaxan® CD RTU in dogsadministeredeveryotherday.2004,JuroxPty.Ltd.
4. Pasloske, K. and Whittem, T., JX9604.07-H004. A target animalsafety study in cats after administration of Alfaxan® CD RTU assingle,repeatedinjectionsondays0,2and5atdosesof5,15or25mg/kg.2004,0nfileatJuroxPtyLtd.
5. O’HaganB.,etal.,Clinicalevaluationofalfaxaloneasananaestheticinduction agent in dogs less than 12 weeks of age. AustralianVeterinaryJournal,2012:p.n/a
6. O’HaganB.,etal.,Clinicalevaluationofalfaxaloneasananaestheticinduction agent in cats less than 12 weeks of age. AustralianVeterinaryJournal,2012:p.n/a
7. Pasloske,K.,etal.,Plasmapharmacokineticsofalfaxalone inbothpremedicated and un-premedicated Greyhound dogs after single,intravenousadministrationofAlfaxan®ataclinicaldose.JournalofVeterinaryPharmacologyandTherapeutics,2009.32:p.510-513.
8. Metcalfe,S.,etal.,Amulti-centreclinicaltrialevaluatingtheefficacyand safety of Alfaxan® administered to bitches for induction ofanaesthesiaprior tocaesareansection. In33rdWorldsmallAnimalCongress.2008.Dublin,Ireland:WSAVA/FECAVA.
9. Baron Strategic Services. Anaesthesia Market Research. Juroxvet survey report Oct 11. On file at Jurox Pty. Ltd., Rutherford,NSW.Australia.
10. Child, K.J. et al., Metabolism and excretion of CT1341 in the rat.InSteroidAnaesthesia,1972.RoyalCollegeofPhysicians,London.
11. Muir, W., et al., The cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects ofclinical and supraclinical doses of alfaxalone in cats. VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2009.36(1):p.42-54.
12. Muir,W.,etal.,Cardiorespiratoryandanestheticeffectsofclinicalandsupraclinicaldosesofalfaxaloneindogs.VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2008.35(6):p.451-462.
13. Pasloske,K.,etal.,AmulticentreclinicaltrialevaluatingtheefficacyandsafetyofAlfaxan®-CDRTUadministered todogs for inductionandmaintenanceofanaesthesia.InBritishSmallAnimalVeterinaryAssociationCongress.2005.Birmingham,UK.
14. Pasloske,K.,etal.,Amulticentreclinicaltrialevaluatingtheefficacyand safety of Alfaxan®-CD RTU administered to cats for inductionandmaintenanceofanaesthesia.InBritishSmallAnimalVeterinaryAssociationCongress.2007.Birmingham,UK.
15. Ambros, B., et al., Comparison of the anesthetic efficacy andcardiopulmonaryeffectsof continuous rate infusionsofalfaxalonein2-hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrinandpropofol indogs.Am.J.vet.Res.,2008.69(11):p.1391-8.
16. Heit,M.C.,etal.,CardiovascularandrespiratorysafetyofAlfaxan®CD RTU in cats premedicated with acepromazine, medetomidine,midazolamorbutorphanol.InACVIM.2004.
17. Amengual,M.,etal.,Anevaluationofanaestheticinductioninhealthydogs using rapid intravenous injection of propofol or alfaxalone.VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2012:p.n/a.
18. Herbert, G.L., et al., Alfaxalone for total intravenous anaesthesiain dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy: a comparison ofpremedication with acepromazine or dexmedetomidine. VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2012:p.n/a.
19. Jansen, K.S. and J.J. Uilenreel, A comparison between alfaxaloneand propofol continuous rate infusions in a total intravenousanaesthesia protocol for canine surgical patients. 2009, Faculty ofVeterinaryMedicine–UniversityofUtrecht.
20. Jimenez, C.P., et al., Evaluation of the quality of recovery afteradministrationofpropofoloralfaxaloneforinductionofanaesthesiain dogs anaesthetized for magnetic resonance imaging. VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2012.39(2):p.151-159.
21. Maddern, K., et al., Alfaxalone induction dose followingadministration of medetomidine and butorphanol in the dog.VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2010.37(1):p.7-13.
22. Taboada, M. F. and Murison, P.J., Induction of anaesthesia withalfaxalone or propofol before isoflurane maintenance in cats.VeterinaryRecord,2010.167(3):p.85-89.
23. Mathis,A.,etal.,Comparisonofqualityofrecoveryfromanaesthesiaincatsinducedwithpropofoloralfaxalone.VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2012.39(3):p.282-290.
24. Murison,P.J.andTaboada.,Effectofpropofolandalfaxaloneonpainafterovariohysterectomyincats.VeterinaryRecord,2010.166(11):p.334-335.
25. Psatha, E., et al., Clinical efficacy and cardiorespiratory effects ofalfaxalone, or diazepam/fentanyl for induction of anaesthesia indogs that are a poor anaesthetic risk. Veterinary Anaesthesia andAnalgesia,2011.38:p.24-36.
26. Zaki,S.,etal.,ClinicalevaluationofAlfaxan-CD®asanintravenousanaestheticinyoungcats.AustralianVeterinaryJournal,2009.87(3):p.82-87.
Repeatable. Reliable. Relax.
For more information contact:
Jurox Pty Limited
85GardinerStreet
Rutherford
NSW,2320
Australia
Enquiries+61(0)249318200
®RegisteredTrademarkofJuroxPtyLimited
Jurox New Zealand Limited
8KordelPlace
EastTamaki
Auckland,2013
NewZealand
Enquiries0800587696
®RegisteredTrademarkofJuroxPtyLimited
Repeatable. Reliable. Relax.
Tolerance
Alfaxan®isuniqueasananaestheticagent,exhibitingawidemarginbetweentheeffectivedoseandthatwhichmayadverselyaffectthepatient.
A. Over-dosage
InacutetolerancetrialsdogswereadministeredAlfaxan®upto10 timestherecommendeddoseof2mg/kgandcatsupto5 timestherecommendeddoseof5mg/kgwithonlyventilationwithroomairbeingrequiredforanimalsatthemaximumdosagestoallowrecoverytonormal.[1,2]
Inrepeatedover-dosagetrialsdogswereadministeredAlfaxan®upto5 timestherecommendeddoseof2mg/kgandcatswereadministeredAlfaxan®upto5 timestherecommendedrateof5mg/kgrespectivelyon3occasionsovera7dayperiodwithnoadverseeffects.[3,4]
B. Age
Alfaxan®hasbeenadministeredtopuppiesandkittensfrom6weeksofagewithnoadverseeffects.[5,6]
C. Sighthounds
Alfaxan®hasbeenusedinGreyhoundswithnoadverseeffects.[7]
D. Caesarean section
Alfaxan®hasbeenusedasaninductionagentforCaesareansectionindogswithnoadverseeffects.[8]
Efficacy
Alfaxan®hasnowbeenroutinelyusedinmillionsofsurgicalproceduresinAustraliaandothercountriesacrosstheglobe,includingNewZealand,Canada,UK,GermanyandFrance.Thesurgerieshaveincluded(butarenotlimitedto)castration,ovariohysterectomy,dentistry,cancerremoval,eyeandearsurgery,orthopaedicproceduresandarangeofclinicaltaskswhereanaesthesiaisdeemedappropriate–MRI,radiology,abscesscleaningandwounddebridement.Infact,inanysituationwhereanaesthesiaisrequiredAlfaxan®hasbeenusedsafelyandeffectively.
InasurveyofveterinaryanaesthesiainAustralia,whereitwasfirstmarketedintheearly2000s,responsesshowedthatAlfaxan®iscurrentlyusedforover50%ofallinductionsindogsandover75%ofallinductionsincats.[9]
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and cardiorespiratory profile
FollowingasingledoseofAlfaxan®,alfaxalone,theactiveingredient,israpidlymetabolisedbytheliverandeliminatedinthebileandurine,withthedrugbeingcompletelyclearedfromthebodywithinafewhours.[10]
AfteradministrationofAlfaxan®thedurationofunconsciousnesswillvaryduetoarangeoffactors.Asageneralguide,atrecommendeddosesandwithoutpremedication,catswillremainanaesthetisedforapproximately25minutesanddogsforapproximately10minutes.[11,12]ConcomitantuseofsedativeandanalgesicmedicationscanbeexpectedtodecreasethedoserequirementsforAlfaxan®andalterthedurationoftheresultinganaesthesia.
Alfaxan®: essential factsActive ingredient and mode of action
Alfaxan®isregisteredfortheinductionand/ormaintenanceofanaesthesiaindogsandcats.Theactiveingredientisalfaxalone,aneuroactivesteroid.Itproducesanaestheticeffectsbyaugmentingtheinhibitoryeffectsofgamma-aminobutyricacid(GABA)ontheGABAAreceptor,resultingindecreasedimpulsetransmissionduetonervecellhyperpolarisation.
PatientsinducedwithAlfaxan®maintainclinicallyacceptablebloodpressureparameters,breathespontaneouslyandmaintainclinicallyacceptablerespiratoryrates.[13,14]
Compatibility
Alfaxan®hasbeenproventobesafewhenusedwithawiderangeofpremedicantclassesofdrugs,includingphenothiazines(acepromazine),anticholinergics(atropine),benzodiazepines(diazepam,midazolam),-2-adrenoreceptoragonists(xylazine,medetomidine,dexmedetomidine),opiates(methadone,morphine,butorphanol,buprenorphine,hydromorphone)andNSAIDS(carprofen,meloxicam)aswellasthenormalgaseousmaintenanceagents.[5-7,13-26]
Dose rates
NOTE: Theproductshouldbeadministeredslowly(¼ofthecalculateddosegivenat15secondintervals)andtheeffectmonitoredbycheckingcardinalsignsandstandardreflexesuntiltheappropriatelevelofanaesthesiaisachieved.UseofsedativesandpremedicantswillreducetherequireddoseofAlfaxan®andalterthedurationoftheresultantanaesthesia.Ifgaseousanaesthesiaisusedformaintenance,thepatientshouldbeplacedontheanaestheticmachineimmediatelyafterintubation.
Therecommendeddoseratesare:
DOGS: 2mg/kgofthe1%(10mg/mL)solution.
Bodyweight (kg) Dose volume (mL)
1 0.2
5 1
10 2
15 3
20 4
25 5
Above25kg 1mLper5kg,toeffect
CATS: 5mg/kgofthe1%(10mg/mL)solution.
Bodyweight (kg) Dose volume (mL)
0.5 0.25
1 0.5
2 1
5 2.5
Above5kg 0.5mLperkg,toeffect
NOTE:ForfurtherinformationpleasechecktheAlfaxan®websitewww.alfaxan.comorcontacttheTechnicalManagerforJuroxPty.Ltd.
Tolerance
Alfaxan®isuniqueasananaestheticagent,exhibitingawidemarginbetweentheeffectivedoseandthatwhichmayadverselyaffectthepatient.
A. Over-dosage
InacutetolerancetrialsdogswereadministeredAlfaxan®upto10 timestherecommendeddoseof2mg/kgandcatsupto5 timestherecommendeddoseof5mg/kgwithonlyventilationwithroomairbeingrequiredforanimalsatthemaximumdosagestoallowrecoverytonormal.[1,2]
Inrepeatedover-dosagetrialsdogswereadministeredAlfaxan®upto5 timestherecommendeddoseof2mg/kgandcatswereadministeredAlfaxan®upto5 timestherecommendedrateof5mg/kgrespectivelyon3occasionsovera7dayperiodwithnoadverseeffects.[3,4]
B. Age
Alfaxan®hasbeenadministeredtopuppiesandkittensfrom6weeksofagewithnoadverseeffects.[5,6]
C. Sighthounds
Alfaxan®hasbeenusedinGreyhoundswithnoadverseeffects.[7]
D. Caesarean section
Alfaxan®hasbeenusedasaninductionagentforCaesareansectionindogswithnoadverseeffects.[8]
Efficacy
Alfaxan®hasnowbeenroutinelyusedinmillionsofsurgicalproceduresinAustraliaandothercountriesacrosstheglobe,includingNewZealand,Canada,UK,GermanyandFrance.Thesurgerieshaveincluded(butarenotlimitedto)castration,ovariohysterectomy,dentistry,cancerremoval,eyeandearsurgery,orthopaedicproceduresandarangeofclinicaltaskswhereanaesthesiaisdeemedappropriate–MRI,radiology,abscesscleaningandwounddebridement.Infact,inanysituationwhereanaesthesiaisrequiredAlfaxan®hasbeenusedsafelyandeffectively.
InasurveyofveterinaryanaesthesiainAustralia,whereitwasfirstmarketedintheearly2000s,responsesshowedthatAlfaxan®iscurrentlyusedforover50%ofallinductionsindogsandover75%ofallinductionsincats.[9]
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and cardiorespiratory profile
FollowingasingledoseofAlfaxan®,alfaxalone,theactiveingredient,israpidlymetabolisedbytheliverandeliminatedinthebileandurine,withthedrugbeingcompletelyclearedfromthebodywithinafewhours.[10]
AfteradministrationofAlfaxan®thedurationofunconsciousnesswillvaryduetoarangeoffactors.Asageneralguide,atrecommendeddosesandwithoutpremedication,catswillremainanaesthetisedforapproximately25minutesanddogsforapproximately10minutes.[11,12]ConcomitantuseofsedativeandanalgesicmedicationscanbeexpectedtodecreasethedoserequirementsforAlfaxan®andalterthedurationoftheresultinganaesthesia.
Alfaxan®: essential factsActive ingredient and mode of action
Alfaxan®isregisteredfortheinductionand/ormaintenanceofanaesthesiaindogsandcats.Theactiveingredientisalfaxalone,aneuroactivesteroid.Itproducesanaestheticeffectsbyaugmentingtheinhibitoryeffectsofgamma-aminobutyricacid(GABA)ontheGABAAreceptor,resultingindecreasedimpulsetransmissionduetonervecellhyperpolarisation.
PatientsinducedwithAlfaxan®maintainclinicallyacceptablebloodpressureparameters,breathespontaneouslyandmaintainclinicallyacceptablerespiratoryrates.[13,14]
Compatibility
Alfaxan®hasbeenproventobesafewhenusedwithawiderangeofpremedicantclassesofdrugs,includingphenothiazines(acepromazine),anticholinergics(atropine),benzodiazepines(diazepam,midazolam),-2-adrenoreceptoragonists(xylazine,medetomidine,dexmedetomidine),opiates(methadone,morphine,butorphanol,buprenorphine,hydromorphone)andNSAIDS(carprofen,meloxicam)aswellasthenormalgaseousmaintenanceagents.[5-7,13-26]
Dose rates
NOTE: Theproductshouldbeadministeredslowly(¼ofthecalculateddosegivenat15secondintervals)andtheeffectmonitoredbycheckingcardinalsignsandstandardreflexesuntiltheappropriatelevelofanaesthesiaisachieved.UseofsedativesandpremedicantswillreducetherequireddoseofAlfaxan®andalterthedurationoftheresultantanaesthesia.Ifgaseousanaesthesiaisusedformaintenance,thepatientshouldbeplacedontheanaestheticmachineimmediatelyafterintubation.
Therecommendeddoseratesare:
DOGS: 2mg/kgofthe1%(10mg/mL)solution.
Bodyweight (kg) Dose volume (mL)
1 0.2
5 1
10 2
15 3
20 4
25 5
Above25kg 1mLper5kg,toeffect
CATS: 5mg/kgofthe1%(10mg/mL)solution.
Bodyweight (kg) Dose volume (mL)
0.5 0.25
1 0.5
2 1
5 2.5
Above5kg 0.5mLperkg,toeffect
NOTE:ForfurtherinformationpleasechecktheAlfaxan®websitewww.alfaxan.comorcontacttheTechnicalManagerforJuroxPty.Ltd.
Alfaxan® Anaesthetic Injection
Alfaxan® at a glance
References1. Muir,W.,etal.,Cardiorespiratoryandanestheticeffectsofclinical
andsupraclinicaldosesofalfaxaloneindogs.VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2008.35(6):p.451-462.
2. Muir, W., et al., The cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects ofclinical and supraclinical doses of alfaxalone in cats. VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2009.36(1):p.42-54.
3. Whittem, T. and Pasloske, P., RD9604.03 – H005. Eight day targetanimal safety study of intravenous Alfaxan® CD RTU in dogsadministeredeveryotherday.2004,JuroxPty.Ltd.
4. Pasloske, K. and Whittem, T., JX9604.07-H004. A target animalsafety study in cats after administration of Alfaxan® CD RTU assingle,repeatedinjectionsondays0,2and5atdosesof5,15or25mg/kg.2004,0nfileatJuroxPtyLtd.
5. O’HaganB.,etal.,Clinicalevaluationofalfaxaloneasananaestheticinduction agent in dogs less than 12 weeks of age. AustralianVeterinaryJournal,2012:p.n/a
6. O’HaganB.,etal.,Clinicalevaluationofalfaxaloneasananaestheticinduction agent in cats less than 12 weeks of age. AustralianVeterinaryJournal,2012:p.n/a
7. Pasloske,K.,etal.,Plasmapharmacokineticsofalfaxalone inbothpremedicated and un-premedicated Greyhound dogs after single,intravenousadministrationofAlfaxan®ataclinicaldose.JournalofVeterinaryPharmacologyandTherapeutics,2009.32:p.510-513.
8. Metcalfe,S.,etal.,Amulti-centreclinicaltrialevaluatingtheefficacyand safety of Alfaxan® administered to bitches for induction ofanaesthesiaprior tocaesareansection. In33rdWorldsmallAnimalCongress.2008.Dublin,Ireland:WSAVA/FECAVA.
9. Baron Strategic Services. Anaesthesia Market Research. Juroxvet survey report Oct 11. On file at Jurox Pty. Ltd., Rutherford,NSW.Australia.
10. Child, K.J. et al., Metabolism and excretion of CT1341 in the rat.InSteroidAnaesthesia,1972.RoyalCollegeofPhysicians,London.
11. Muir, W., et al., The cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects ofclinical and supraclinical doses of alfaxalone in cats. VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2009.36(1):p.42-54.
12. Muir,W.,etal.,Cardiorespiratoryandanestheticeffectsofclinicalandsupraclinicaldosesofalfaxaloneindogs.VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2008.35(6):p.451-462.
13. Pasloske,K.,etal.,AmulticentreclinicaltrialevaluatingtheefficacyandsafetyofAlfaxan®-CDRTUadministered todogs for inductionandmaintenanceofanaesthesia.InBritishSmallAnimalVeterinaryAssociationCongress.2005.Birmingham,UK.
14. Pasloske,K.,etal.,Amulticentreclinicaltrialevaluatingtheefficacyand safety of Alfaxan®-CD RTU administered to cats for inductionandmaintenanceofanaesthesia.InBritishSmallAnimalVeterinaryAssociationCongress.2007.Birmingham,UK.
15. Ambros, B., et al., Comparison of the anesthetic efficacy andcardiopulmonaryeffectsof continuous rate infusionsofalfaxalonein2-hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrinandpropofol indogs.Am.J.vet.Res.,2008.69(11):p.1391-8.
16. Heit,M.C.,etal.,CardiovascularandrespiratorysafetyofAlfaxan®CD RTU in cats premedicated with acepromazine, medetomidine,midazolamorbutorphanol.InACVIM.2004.
17. Amengual,M.,etal.,Anevaluationofanaestheticinductioninhealthydogs using rapid intravenous injection of propofol or alfaxalone.VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2012:p.n/a.
18. Herbert, G.L., et al., Alfaxalone for total intravenous anaesthesiain dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy: a comparison ofpremedication with acepromazine or dexmedetomidine. VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2012:p.n/a.
19. Jansen, K.S. and J.J. Uilenreel, A comparison between alfaxaloneand propofol continuous rate infusions in a total intravenousanaesthesia protocol for canine surgical patients. 2009, Faculty ofVeterinaryMedicine–UniversityofUtrecht.
20. Jimenez, C.P., et al., Evaluation of the quality of recovery afteradministrationofpropofoloralfaxaloneforinductionofanaesthesiain dogs anaesthetized for magnetic resonance imaging. VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2012.39(2):p.151-159.
21. Maddern, K., et al., Alfaxalone induction dose followingadministration of medetomidine and butorphanol in the dog.VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2010.37(1):p.7-13.
22. Taboada, M. F. and Murison, P.J., Induction of anaesthesia withalfaxalone or propofol before isoflurane maintenance in cats.VeterinaryRecord,2010.167(3):p.85-89.
23. Mathis,A.,etal.,Comparisonofqualityofrecoveryfromanaesthesiaincatsinducedwithpropofoloralfaxalone.VeterinaryAnaesthesiaandAnalgesia,2012.39(3):p.282-290.
24. Murison,P.J.andTaboada.,Effectofpropofolandalfaxaloneonpainafterovariohysterectomyincats.VeterinaryRecord,2010.166(11):p.334-335.
25. Psatha, E., et al., Clinical efficacy and cardiorespiratory effects ofalfaxalone, or diazepam/fentanyl for induction of anaesthesia indogs that are a poor anaesthetic risk. Veterinary Anaesthesia andAnalgesia,2011.38:p.24-36.
26. Zaki,S.,etal.,ClinicalevaluationofAlfaxan-CD®asanintravenousanaestheticinyoungcats.AustralianVeterinaryJournal,2009.87(3):p.82-87.
Repeatable. Reliable. Relax.
For more information contact:
Jurox Pty Limited
85GardinerStreet
Rutherford
NSW,2320
Australia
Enquiries+61(0)249318200
®RegisteredTrademarkofJuroxPtyLimited
Jurox New Zealand Limited
8KordelPlace
EastTamaki
Auckland,2013
NewZealand
Enquiries0800587696
®RegisteredTrademarkofJuroxPtyLimited
Repeatable. Reliable. Relax.
