REFERENCES OF VOLUME I

Part I

1. L. Baudry de Saunier, L’automobile theorique et pratique, Omnia, Paris,1900

2. O. C. Schmidt, Practical Treatise on Automobiles, The American Text-book, Philadelphia, PA, 1909

3. W. Neubecker, Antique Automobile Body Construction and Restoration,Post Publication, Arcadia 1912

4. M. Peter, Der Kraftwagen, R. C. Schmidt, Berlin, 1937

5. M. Serruys, La suspension et la direction des vehicules routiers, Dunod,Paris, 1947

6. M. Boisseaux, L’automobile, methodes de calcul, Dunod, Paris, 1948

7. J. C. Maroselli, L’automobile et ses grands problemes, Larousse, Paris, 1958

8. M. G. Bekker, Off-the-Road Locomotion, University of Michigan Press, AnnArbor, MI, 1960

9. J. P. Norbye, Sports Car Suspension, Sport Car Press, New York, 1965

10. J. Pawlowski, Vehicle Body Engineering, Business Books, London, 1969

11. G. Oliver, Cars and Coachbuilding, Sotheby Parke Bernet, London, 1981

617

618 REFERENCES OF VOLUME I

12. I. S. Ageikin, Off-the-Road Mobility of Automobiles, Balkema, Rotterdam,1987

13. D. Giacosa, Progetti alla FIAT, Automobilia, Torino, 1988

14. T. D. Gillespie, Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, SAE, Warrendale, PA,1992

15. M. Mitschke, Dynamik der Kraftfahrzeuge, Springer, Berlin, 1995

16. W. F. Milliken and D. L. Milliken, Race Car Vehicle Dynamics, SAE,Warrendale, PA, 1995

17. K. Newton et al., The Motor Vehicle, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 1996

18. J. Reinpell, H. Stoll, The Automotive Chassis, Arnold, London, 1996

19. P. L. Bassignana et al., Storia fotografica dell’industria automobilistica i-taliana, Boringhieri, Torino, 1998

20. J. Fenton, Handbook of Automotive Body and Systems Design, ProfessionalEngineering Publishing, London, 1998

21. J. Fenton, Handbook of Automotive Powertrain and Chassis Design, Pro-fessional Engineering Publishing, London, 1998

22. H. Heisler, Vehicle and Engine Technology, Arnold, London, 1999

23. J. Fenton, Handbook of Vehicle Design Analysis, SAE, Warrendale, PA,1999

24. J. Appian-Smith, An Introduction to Modern Vehicle Design, SAE, War-rendale, PA, 2002

25. J. Brown et al., Motor Vehicle Structures: Concepts and Fundamentals,SAE, Warrendale, PA, 2002

Part II

1. L. Baudry de Saunier, L’automobile theorique et pratique, Omnia, Paris,1900

2. O. C. Schmidt, Practical Treatise on Automobiles, The American Text-book, Philadelphia, PA, 1909

3. A. Seniga, Il meccanismo di trasmissione negli automobili, Biblioteca d’au-tomobilismo e d’aviazione, Milano, 1912

4. E. B. Butler, Transmission Gears, Griffin, London, 1917

REFERENCES OF VOLUME I 619

5. M. Peter, Der Kraftwagen, R. C. Schmidt, Berlin, 1937

6. M. Boisseaux, L’automobile, methodes de calcul, Dunod, Paris, 1948

7. W. H. Crouse, Automotive Transmissions and Power Trains, McGraw-Hill,New York, 1955

8. P. Patin, Les transmissions de puissance, Eyrolles, Paris, 1956

9. D. Thirlby, The Chain Driven Frazer Nash, McDonald, London, 1965

10. G. Rogliatti, C. Valier, L. Giovanetti, La frizione nel tempo, Valeo, Torino1980

11. D. Giacosa, Progetti alla FIAT, Automobilia, Torino, 1988

12. H. J. Schopf, G. Jurgens, J. Pickard, Das neue Funfgang-automatikgetriebevon Mercedes-Benz, ATZ, 91, 1989

13. Many Authors, Design Practices: Passenger Car Automatic Transmissions,SAE, Warrendale, 1994

14. J. Fenton, Handbook of Automotive Powertrain and Chassis Design, Pro-fessional Engineering Publishing, London, 1998

15. H. Heisler, Vehicle and Engine Technology, Arnold, London, 1999

16. G. Lechner, H. Naunheimer, Automotive Transmissions, Fundamentals, Se-lection, Design and Application, Springer, Berlin, 1999

17. R. K. Jurgen et al., Electronic Transmission Control, SAE, Warrendale,PA, 2000

18. J. Happian-Smith, An Introduction to Modern Vehicle Technology, SAE,Warrendale, PA, 2002

19. J. Greiner et al., 7-Speed Automatic Transmission from Mercedes-Benz,ATZ, 105, 2003

INDEX

4WSFour Wheel Steering, see RWS

ABSAnti-lock Braking System, 326

accelerometer, 336Ackermann, 10Ackermann angle, 242adhesion (rubber), 59airbag, 263Aisin, 386Alfa Romeo, 27, 170, 172, 189aligning

coefficient, 113torque, 101

Allison, 386Anderson, 395angle

Ackermann -, 242attitude -, 240camber -, 59, 87, 137caster -, 217, 263crown -, 55inclination -, 59king-pin -, 137, 263

steering -, 242tire sideslip -, 59, 64, 86, 100toe -, 138vehicle sideslip -, 240

annulus, 555anti-lock devices, see ABSanti-roll bar, 161anti-spin devices, see ASRapparent density, 65aquaplaning, 61, 97, 104artillery wheel, 36aspect ratio (tire), 41, 56ASR

Anti-spin Regulator, 333attitude angle, 240Audi, 434, 507, 513, 552, 554, 563,

572auxiliary chassis structure, 351auxiliary frame, 356

B10, see endurancebar mechanism, 456BAS

Brake Assist System, 334beam model, 375

621

622 INDEX

bearingfirst generation -, 158second generation -, 158third generation -, 158

bedding number, 69Benz, 12, 395BMW, 324Bodmer, 413Bollee, 11Bordino, 10Borg Warner, 489Bosch, 326, 330brake

band -, 42disc -, 275distribuor, 284drum -, 42, 280efficiency, 303external shoe -, 42parking -, 272, 275

brakingcircuit, 274fluid, 283

brush model, 63bulldozing resistance, 73

cable mechanism, 456efficiency, 473

caliper, 276caliper interlock, 452camber

angle, 37, 59, 87, 137recovery, 138stiffness, 111stiffness coefficient, 111thrust, 106

carcass, 56carpet plot, 104carrier, 555caster angle, 137, 217, 263characteristic curves, 482chassis, xvCitroen, 348clutch

band -, 409

disc -, 410electromagnetic -, 415, 473lock-up -, 487pulled spring -, 467pushed spring -, 467shoe -, 410tapered disc -, 408

cohesive soil, 66cohesivity, 71compressor, 293conicity force, 107constant gear, 432constant velocity joint, 537contact

patch, 62pressure, 88

control valve, 294conventional ply tires, 56cornering

force, 100stiffness, 110

Cotal, 415countershaft, 401crash, 215, 263critical speed, 79cross member, 47cross ply tires, 56crown angle, 55Cugnot, 394curvature gain, 246CVT

Continuosly Variable Transmis-sion, 546

DAF, 422Daimler, 12, 395damping

characteristic, 168coefficient, 168

Dana, 386De Dion and Bouton, 412De Dion axle, 198De Rivaz, 395Dejbjerg, 36Delphi, 321

INDEX 623

design point, 481diaphragm spring, 462, 464differential, 505

controlled -, 519front drive -, 507locking -, 509mechanical efficiency, 513rear drive -, 506, 507self-locking -, 519

direct drive, 432, 438disc, 54disc brake, 275disengagement

load, 473mechanism, 463, 464stroke, 473

distributor valve, 295Dodge, 418double clutching, 400, 546double shock, 496double tube

shock absorber, 165driven plate, 461, 467driving plate, 461drum brake, 280Dubonnet, 22Duesemberg, 44Dunlop, 39Dynaflow, 418

Eaton, 386EBD

Electronic Brake Distributor,331

effective rolling radius, 74, 90EHB

Electronic Hydraulic Brakes,339

elastic bushing, 153elasticity (rubber), 59elasto-kinematic behavior, 138, 217,

263Elliot, 10

EMBElectro Mechanical Brakes, 340

emergency braking system, 272endurance, 594, 597engine brake, 575EPB

Electronic Parking Brake, 339EPS

Electric Power Steering, 259equator plane, 55Erech, 33ESP

Electronic Stability Program,332

external shifting mechanism, 449

Fottinger, 416, 475fading, 274, 283Falchetto, 20fatigue, 212, 262, 378, 597Ferguson, 522Ferodo, 42, 407FIAT, 13, 22, 25, 30, 46, 48, 50, 141,

148, 178, 182, 183, 190,195, 319, 323, 342, 352,386, 397, 399, 406, 407,435, 450–453, 456, 489,491, 507, 511, 606

final drive, 391, 505, 509finger, 450fixed caliper, 277flange, 54floating bar, 179Ford, 14, 25, 186, 413fork, 450four wheels drive, 389Frazer Nash, 401friction

angle, 71circle, 119coefficient, 61

front wheel drive, 387Frood, 42, 407fuel consumption map, 567

624 INDEX

gearboxautomated -, 544continuously variable -, 546countershaft -, 406, 425dog clutch -, 401double stage -, 388, 425dual-clutch -, 552epicycloidal -, 413, 415full automatic -, 544Fuller -, 442, 447industrial vehicle -, 437leather belt -, 395multi-stage -, 425range changer -, 391, 440robotized -, 544rubber belt -, 422schemes, 425semi-automatic -, 544single stage -, 387, 397, 425sliding trains -, 399splitter -, 391, 440, 446stepped -, 546

Getrag, 386, 433globoidal screw, 252GM, 386, 418Goodyear, 40Gough diagram, 103grating, 603Graziano, 386Griffith, 399guided vehicles, 239Gyromatic, 418gyrometer, 336

half shaft, 533, 537HH

Hill Holding, 339Honda, 26, 319, 321, 325, 552, 569Hooke, 536hump, 54Hydramatic, 416hydraulic

clutch, 475losses, 480

hydroforming, 357hypoid gear, 507

idler, 397, 426impact loss, 480inclination angle, 59inflation pressure, 75, 84integral chassis structure, 351internal shifting mechanism, 449Isotta Fraschini, 43Iveco, 201, 202, 205, 206, 446, 447,

509, 534, 539, 577, 610

Jatco, 386Jeantaud, 11, 243jerk, 544jump-in pressure, 289

kinematic behavior, 138kinematic steering, 241king-pin, 10

angle, 137, 263axis, 137offset, 137, 217

Langensberger, 10ladder structure, 46Lancia, 20, 29, 50, 177, 357, 359lateral-longitudinal interaction,

118leading shoe, 303leaf spring, 14, 195

(cantilever), 14liquid limit, 66load factor, 56load profile, 602locking coefficient, 519longitudinal

force, 90force coefficient, 93slip, 90slip speed, 63trail, 137, 217

low-speed steering, 241lower arm, 149

INDEX 625

lubricationboundary -, 609hydrodynamic -, 609mixed -, 609

LuK, 569, 572

magic formula, 98, 115Marcus, 399Marelli, 547, 549, 550master pump, 282McPherson, 25mechanical

efficiency, 428efficiency map, 429losses, 428

Mercedes, 31, 175, 188, 506, 511,561–563

Michelin, 39–41Miner, 214, 602misuse, 214mono tube

shock absorber, 165MSR

Motor Spin Regulator, 334mule car, 231

New Venture Gear, 386Newton, 523

overdrive, 438

Pacejka, 121, 326pad, 276Panhard bar, 198Pecqueur, 399performance coefficient, 481pillar, 50, 354piloted vehicles, 239pitting, 597planetary wheel, 506plastic limit, 66plasticity

index, 66pressure, 70

platform, xvi, 49

plunger interlock, 451ply-steer force, 108pneumatic trail, 101Porsche, 23positive engagement, 495positivity, 455power brake gain, 289power steering, 255powershift, 545powertrain, 388pre-synchronization, 495precision, 455pressure plate, 463, 464propeller shaft, 533, 534

radial ply tires, 56range, 546rattle, 603rattling, 434Ravigneaux, 559, 561, 563reactor, 476real density, 65rear engine drive, 388recirculating ball

steering box, 253reducer, 511relative content of water, 66relaxation length, 127reliability, 597retarder, 291, 575rim diameter, 54roll

axis, 221steer, 221

rollingcoefficient, 78radius, 74resistance, 75

Rolls-Royce, 18, 44Rudge-Whitworth, 38RWS

Rear Wheel Steering, 318angle dependent, 319dynamic speed dependent,

321

626 INDEX

model following, 322speed dependent, 321

Rzeppa, 537, 540

S-cam, 550S-deformation, 17sandy soil, 66Sankey, 38satellite, 506, 555saturation load, 287saturation pressure, 290scuffing, 598Selden, 399selection plane, 431self-adjusting mechanism, 471separated chassis structure, 351service braking system, 272shift

with power interruption, 545without power interruption,

545shimmy, 18, 257shock absorber, 163

(magneto-rheologic), 346side beam, 46side force coefficient, 102sideslip angle (tire), 59, 64, 86, 100sideslip angle (vehicle), 240Sizair Naudin, 403sky-hook damping, 345sleeve, 450slick tire, 58sliding caliper, 277slip

stiffness, 93velocity, 91

slip (torque converter), 474smoothness, 455snowy soil, 67soil stiffness, 69speed

transmission ratio, 474triangle, 478

spherical joint, 156spoked wheel, 38

sprung mass, 135static margin, 511steer by wire, 325steering

angle, 242error, 217, 242knuckle, 156

Stephens, 19stick and slip, 456stop spring, 159stopping distance, 273structural surface, 372strut, 157Studebaker, 24subframe, 356sun, 555suspension

active -, 135, 341adaptive -, 341anti-dive -, 227, 350anti-lift -, 227anti-squat -, 227, 350controlled -, 341dependent -, 134double wishbone -, 171flexibility, 218four-link -, 222full active -, 350guided trailing arm -, 185independent -, 134, 139Mac Pherson -, 141multilink -, 139, 188passive -, 135, 340rigid axle -, 195roll center, 221semi-independent -, 134semi-trailing arm -, 182SLA -, 140slow active -, 350stroke, 136swing arm -, 226three-link suspension, 223trailing arm -, 178, 226twist beam -, 190virtual center -, 175

INDEX 627

swampy soil, 67swinging shackle, 14, 195synchronization, 495synchronizer

hub, 489multiple -, 490ring, 490simple -, 489

Thomson, 39thrust bearing, 470tip-in load, 287, 289tire

damping, 89stiffness, 90, 125temperature, 83testing machines, 129vibration, 79, 125

toe angle, 138Torotrak, 574torque

steering, 189transmission ratio, 474

Torsen, 513, 521torsion damper, 462, 468track, 138traction

coefficient, 94, 103traction fluids, 572trailing shoe, 303transfer box, 391, 505, 510transmissibility, 125transmission efficiency, 474transmission ratio

speed -, 474torque -, 474

transmittable torque, 461transmitted torque, 461

tread, 57Trilok, 416, 483tripod joint, 542trunnion cross, 536tube tire, 55tubeless tire, 55Turicum, 404

universal joint, 536unsprung mass, 135

vacuum booster, 287Valeo, 462, 464, 468–471Van Doorne, 569, 570vapor-lock, 283VDC

Vehicle Dynamics Control, 332vehicle trim, 134Volkswagen, 23, 30, 49VSC

Vehicle Stability Control, 332

Wohler, 214, 601Watt, 29, 395Watt quadrangle, 198wear, 598wheel

center of rotation, 90reference system, 58speed sensor, 335

wheelbase, 138whine, 603whistle, 603Wilson, 414, 557

yoke, 536

ZF, 343, 386, 520