2010 10 / CGK 1

磨漿技術及配料,填料的添加

Paper technology program2010 08 26Taichung, Taiwan

2010 10 / CGK 2

Refining of recycled fibers

- A key to upgrading of fiber potential for papermaking

2010 10 / CGK 3

Once refined fibers should not be refined again

2010 10 / CGK 4

History of recycled fibers

Dried or never dried virgin fibershave passed through the stockpreparation and papermakingprocesses

Printing and converting processeshave produced various readingand packaging materials foreveryday use

Which have then been collected for a further use in the papermaking• Has often been the only papermaking fiber in some countries• Is today more and more used in all papermaking countries

2010 10 / CGK 5

Treatment of recycled fibersCollected recycled fiber pulp contains variousharmful foreign materials

Those are either removed ormade to non-visible particles

But the bonding ability of fibersis not always properly developed

And the result very often is ?

Clean fibers with a low bonding ability requiring a highamount of expensive chemical binders

2010 10 / CGK 6

Why refine recycle fibers

Fibers are refined inorder to improve their bonding ability

In the papermaking process, fiber bonding ability has weakened

Recycled fibers are no longer optimal paper raw materials as such

- Irreversible changes- Deinking has cleaned fibers- Bonding ability of recycled fibers can be improved through refining

2010 10 / CGK 7

Recycled fibers for papermaking

Never dried pulps from ownrecycled fiber plant

Dried market pulps fromcommercial plants

• Previous severe pressing and drying in papermaking have createdhornification and other irreversible changes in the fiber structure

Some fines have been removedHot dispersion has created curly and kinky fibersFlash drying has created strong fiber bundles

In most cases these fibers are not always ready for papermaking as:

2010 10 / CGK 8

Stock preparation for recycled fibersIs needed as for all other papermaking fibers

Never dried pulps from own recycled fiber plant

Dried market pulps fromcommercial plants

• The previous history of fibers• The targets in the papermaking• Recycled fiber can be used as a filler• Recycled fiber can give strength

Need of stock preparation stages and the amount of treatmentin those stages depend on

• Slushing• Deflaking• Refining

• Refining

2010 10 / CGK 9

Refining of recycled fibersWhy to refine recycled fibers?

Because once refined fiber hasbeen developed to give a goodbonding ability

But once through the paper-making process has reducedthat bonding ability

Once so nicely developed fibers are not any more in their best condition for the next use in papermaking• Severe drying and pressing forces have created irreversible

changes (hornification and closed fibrils)• Recycled fiber treatment process has cleaned but not

necessarily developed the fibers

and

2010 10 / CGK 10

Targets of the recycled fiber refining

Regenerate the swelling and the bonding ability of fibers

This can be reachedwith all refiners but wrong refining hasso strong negativeeffect that it can bebest not to perform it

• Shorten the fibers• Weaken the fibers• Increase the dewatering resistance• Reduce the bulk

These negative effects canbest be minimized by usingsuitable refiners with correct selection of fillings which enableto get the best out of recycled fiber

It is desirable It is not desirable

2010 10 / CGK 11

Development of market DIP

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Tensile Tear Fibre length Bulk Porosity

%

Unr

efin

ed m

arke

t as

100

%

Unrefined = 135 CSF 27 kWh/t = 123 CSF48 kWh/t = 114 CSF 77 kWh/t = 93 CSF

36.8 Nm/g 6.89 mNm2/g 1.18 mm 2.35 cm3/g 350 ml/minUnrefined

2010 10 / CGK 12

Fiber development of DIP

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Tensile Burst Tear Fiber length Bulk

%

Unr

efin

ed m

arke

d as

100

%

Unrefined = 235 CSF 50 kWh/t = 170 CSF100 kWh/t = 125 CSF 150 kWh/t = 95 CSF

26.2 Nm/g 1.30 kPam2/g 7.38 mNm2/g 1.23 mm 2.05 cm3/gUnrefined

2010 10 / CGK 13

Fiber development of OCC

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Tensile Burst Tear Fiber length Bulk

%

Unr

efin

ed m

arke

d as

100

%

Unrefined = 620 CSF 50 kWh/t = 560 CSF100 kWh/t = 460 CSF 150 kWh/t = 360 CSF

24.1 Nm/g 1.36 kPam2/g 8.30 mNm2/g 1.35 mm 2.07 cm3/gUnrefined

2010 10 / CGK 14

Fiber development of OCC

02550

75100125150

175200225250

275300

TEA Scott Bond CMT 30 RCT

%

Unr

efin

ed m

arke

d as

100

%

Unrefined = 620 CSF 50 kWh/t = 560 CSF100 kWh/t = 460 CSF 150 kWh/t = 360 CSF

0.28 J/g 84 J/m2 82 N 1.19 kN/mUnrefined

2010 10 / CGK 15

Development of white kraft waste

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Tensile Tear Burst Bulk

%

Unr

efin

ed m

arke

d as

100

%

Unrefined = 440 CSF 25 kWh/t = 415 CSF50 kWh/t = 375 CSF 75 kWh/t = 285 CSF

25.0 Nm/g 10.0 mNm2/g 2.2 kPam2/g 1.8 cm3/gUnrefined

2010 10 / CGK 16

Fiber development of AOCC

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Schopper Tensile Burst Tear

%

Unr

efin

ed m

arke

d as

100

%

0 kWh/t = 540 CSF 43 kWh/t = 430 CSF86 kWh/t = 355 CSF

23 SR 32.5 Nm/g 1.9 kPam2/g 13.2 mNm2/gUnrefined

2010 10 / CGK 17

Fiber development of AOCC

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

Fiber length Bulk TEA Scott Bond

%

Unr

efin

ed m

arke

d as

100

%

0 kWh/t = 540 CSF 43 kWh/t = 430 CSF86 kWh/t = 355 CSF

1.50 mm 2.28 cm3/g 0.49 J/g 90 J/m2Unrefined

2010 10 / CGK 18

Change of recycled pulp beating degree (CSF) in refining

2010 10 / CGK 19

Change of recycled pulp beating degree (SR) in refining

2010 10 / CGK 20

How refining of recycled pulp affects paper tensile strength

2010 10 / CGK 21

How beating degree of recycled pulp affects paper tensile index

2010 10 / CGK 22

How refining of recycled pulp affects paper tear index

2010 10 / CGK 23

How refining affects the average fiber length of recycled pulp

2010 10 / CGK 24

How refining of recycled pulp affects paper bulk development

2010 10 / CGK 25

How refining of recycled pulp affects paper air permeability

2010 10 / CGK 26

How refining affects the shives content of recycled pulp

2010 10 / CGK 27

How refining of recycled pulp affects paper bursting index

2010 10 / CGK 28

Refining process

2010 10 / CGK 29

Stator

Rotor

Stator Stator

Stator Stator Stator

Rotor Rotor

Rotor Rotor Rotor

Fiber bundle

Refined area

Fiber pick-up Edge to edge Edge to surface

Surface to surface Surface to surface End of refining

2010 10 / CGK 30

Fibers stapling on rotor bar edge

Good stapling• Strong vortex• Strong centrifugal force• Weak force along groove

2010 10 / CGK 31

Refiner flow pattern

Rotor

Stator

Grooves must be wide enough for fibers• they must be able to rotate in grooves• the longer the fibers the wider the grooves

Vortex flows get fibers stapled on bar edges

2010 10 / CGK 32

The effect of refining

• Strength properties generally, like tensile, burst and internal bonding strength are increased

kWh/t

TENSILE STRENGTH

Cutting

Fibrillating

2010 10 / CGK 33

The effect of refining

• Tear strength is initially increased, but is then reduced after prolonged refining

kWh/t

TEAR STRENGTH

Cutting

Fibrillating

2010 10 / CGK 34

The effect of refining

• Drainage resistance and water removal resistance are increased

kWh/t

REFINING DEGREE, SR

Cutting

Fibrillating

kWh/t

REFINING DEGREE, CSF

Cutting

Fibrillating

2010 10 / CGK 35

The effect of refining

• Air permeability, bulk, absorbency, opacity, brightness and light scattering are reduced

kWh/t

BULK

Cutting

Fibrillating

kWh/t

LIGHT SCATTERING COEFFICIENT

Cutting

Fibrillating

2010 10 / CGK 36

kWh/t

FIBER LENGTH

The effect of refining

Cutting

Fibrillating

• Fiber length are reduced

2010 10 / CGK 37

Refiners

2010 10 / CGK 38

Refiners - batchwise operatedHollander - Beater

2010 10 / CGK 39

Refiners Geometry

Conical Refiners Disc Refiners

Low coneShallow angle

“Jordan”

Short coneShallow angle

“Conflo”

Short coneWide angle

“Claflin”

SingleDisc

DoubleDisc

Multidisc

2010 10 / CGK 40

Conical refiner

2010 10 / CGK 41

Conical refiner

2010 10 / CGK 42

Conical refiner

2010 10 / CGK 43

Disc refiners

• The disc refiner group comprises three types, namely single-disc, double-disc and Multi-disc type refiners

2010 10 / CGK 44

TriConic® System

Adjustment Mechanism

Rotating ElementMain Body Construction

Rotor Centralizing System

2010 10 / CGK 45

Andritz Papillon refiner

2010 10 / CGK 46

Andritz Papillon refiner

Refining gap open

Plates in refining position

2010 10 / CGK 47

The amount of refiningBeating degree / Net refining energy

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

NET REFINING ENERGY, kWh/bdmt

BEA

TIN

G D

EGR

EE,

CSF

Ml

2*150 kWh/bdmt4*75 kWh/bdmt

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

NET REFINING ENERGY, SRE kWh/bdmt

BEA

TIN

G D

EGR

EE,

°SR

2*150 kWh/bdmt4*75 kwh/bdmt

Short fiber

2010 10 / CGK 48

The amount of refiningTensile index / Refining energy input

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

NET REFINING ENERGY, kWh/bdmt

TEN

SILE

IND

EX,

Nm

/g

2*150 kWh/bdmt4*75 kWh/bdmt

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

TOTAL REFINING ENERGY, kWh/bdmt

TEN

SILE

IND

EX,

Nm

/g

2*150 kWh/bdmt4*75 kWh/bdmt

Short fiber

2010 10 / CGK 49

The amount of refiningTensile index / Beating degree

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

BEATING DEGREE, CSF Ml

TEN

SILE

IND

EX, N

m/g

2*150 kWh/bdmt4*75 kWh/bdmt

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

10 20 30 40 50 60

BEATING DEGREE, °SR

TEN

SILE

IND

EX, N

m/g

2*150 kWh/bdmt4*75 kWh/bdmt

Short fiber

2010 10 / CGK 50

The amount of refiningTensile index / Refining energy input

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

NET REFINING ENERGY, kWh/bdmt

TEN

SILE

IND

EX,

Nm

/g

2*150 kWh/bdmt4*75 kWh/bdmt

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

TOTAL REFINING ENERGY, kWh/bdmt

TEN

SILE

IND

EX,

Nm

/g

2*150 kWh/bdmt4*75 kWh/bdmt

Short fiber

2010 10 / CGK 51

The amount of refiningTensile index / Tear index

Short fiber

2010 10 / CGK 52

The amount of refiningTensile index / Fiber length

Short fiber

2010 10 / CGK 53

Refining process

90m/s – 110m/s40m/s – 50m/s15m/s – 25m/sRotor linear speed

30% - 35%10% - 20%2% - 6%Consistency

High consistency refining

Medium consistency refining

Low consistency refining

2010 10 / CGK 54

Refining resultHC vs LC refining

2010 10 / CGK 55

Refining resultHC vs LC refining

2010 10 / CGK 56

HC+LC Refining system

2010 10 / CGK 57

Refining systemEnergy input / split per stage

• Max. specific surface load at achieved refining degree must be taken into account as shown earlier, e.g. for softwood:

130 kWh/t 120 kWh/t 100 kWh/t

15 SR35 SR

2010 10 / CGK 58

Refiner fillingsGeometry

• Typically metallic stainless steel fillings / segments are used. The basic design parameters are width of bars and grooves, height of bars and angle of bars.

• The optimal fillings are selected based on fibers, so that long and strong fibers require wider bars and grooves than shorter fibers.

2010 10 / CGK 59

Refiner fillingsGeometry

Application

Hardwood

Mixed pulp

Softwood

Fibrillating

Cutting

Bar width, mm

2.0…3.0

3.5

4.0…5.5

4.0…8.0

2.5…4.5

Groove width, mm

3.0…4.0

4.5

5.0…7.0

3.0…5.0

7.0…9.0

In general the bar width is about 2 ~ 3 times of fiber length

2010 10 / CGK 60

α

Refiner fillingsIntersecting angle

• The bar to bar crossing angle varies from 10° to 40° depending on fibers, long fibers having greater angle.

• Too small angle increases noise level.

• Too big angle increases energy consumption and decreases hydraulic capacity.

2010 10 / CGK 61

Cutting edge length calculation

• CEL = Zr × Zst × l

• 12 segments in both rotor and statorfour 315mm long bartwo 210mm long bartwo 105mm long bar

• Cutting edge lengthZ1 96×96×0.105 = 967.7m/revZ2 72×72×0.105 = 544.3m/revZ3 48×48×0.105 = 241.9m/revTotal 1753.9m/rev

l1

l2

l3

30°

α=18°

Z1

Z2

Z3

l=100mm

2010 10 / CGK 62

Amount of refiningTypical specific refining energy

• NBKP 10 … 15 kWh/t/oSR

• LBKP 7 … 10 kWh/t/oSR

• Recycled fiber DIP 5 … 7 kWh/t/oSR

• Recycled fiber OCC 7 … 10 kWh/t/oSR

• NUKP 15 … 17 kWh/t/oSR

2010 10 / CGK 63

Refining intensitySpecific Edge Load, typical figures

• Softwood, weak 2.0…4.0 J/m• Softwood, strong 4.0…6.0 J/m

• Hardwood, weak 0.4…0.8 J/m• Hardwood, strong 0.8…1.5 J/m• Recycled fiber, weak 0.4…2.0 J/m• Recycled fiber, strong 2.0…4.0 J/m• Post refining of

mechanical pulps 0.7…1.5 J/m• Reject refining in

chemical pulp mill 0.5…2.0 J/m

2010 10 / CGK 64

Amount of refiningTypical inputs in one pass

• NBKP 60 … 200 kWh/t

• LBKP 40 … 80 kWh/t

• Recycled fiber 20 … 100 kWh/t

• Post refining of mechanical pulps 30 … 80 kWh/t

• Trim refining 20 … 50 kWh/t

2010 10 / CGK 65

According to specific edge load theory beatingresult must be equal supposing that net refiningenergy Ws/m or J/m is equal.

It does not consider the width of the bars.

1 m 1 m

Narrow or wide bars?

2010 10 / CGK 66

Low-consistency refiningSpecific Edge Load vs Specific Surface Load

• The specific surface load theory is valid when the fiber floc cover the whole width of bar surface

3,7 J/m1210 J/m²

3,7 J/m704 J/m²

3,7 J/m440 J/m²

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

10 20 30 40Refining Degree, SR

Tens

ile In

dex,

Nm

/g

BL Pine sulphate

2010 10 / CGK 67

Refining system

Continuous refining at 4.0 – 5.0% consistencyRefiner control is based on net refining energy

- kHh/t controlCSF control is not recommended

- incoming freeness is not constantControl system requires :

- consistency control before refiners- flow control after refiners

Circulation back to pump suction is recommended if flow variations are too high

2010 10 / CGK 68

Recommended refining conditions for dried DIP

2010 10 / CGK 69

Recommended refining conditions

以脫墨漿(DIP)為例:

- 磨漿能耗 : 30 – 80 kWh/BDMT- 低濃磨漿機 : 一段或兩段串聯運轉- 每段最高磨漿能量 : 60 kWh/BDMT- 磨漿濃度 : 4.0 ~ 5.0%, 纖維愈短濃度宜愈高- 刀棒寬 : 2.5 ~ 3.5 mm- 有效緣角效率(SEL) : 0.9 ~ 1.8 J/m

2010 10 / CGK 70

Refining Sizing – excises

1 ) Freeness drop : 10oSR 2 ) SRE : 80 kWh/BDMT ( 7 – 10 kWh/BDMT/oSR )

2 stages of refiner needed (Max 60 kWh/Ton/Stage )3 ) Production : 200 Ton/Day – 8.34 Ton/Hrs

NE : 80 x 8.34 = 668 kW ; 334 kW per refiner2 ) SEL : 0.9 - 1.8 J/M3 ) Motor speed : 720 rpm = 12 rps4 ) Cutting length selection : ( SEL = NE / Cl x rps )

Case 1 : 2 stage refining : 0. 9 – 1.8 = 334 / Cl x 12 Cl = 31.0 – 15.5 kM

Case 2 : 1 stage refining : 0.9 – 1.8 = 668 / Cl x 12Cl = 62.0 – 31.0 kM

2010 10 / CGK 71

Refining of recycled fibersSummary

• A moderate low-consistency refining system can be used for improving the paper-technical properties of recycled pulps.

• The total refining energy consumption for conical refiners is normally within the range of 30 to 60 kWh/t.

• Refining conditions must be well selected to avoid overrefining or other faults and disturbances. Refining will straighten curly recycled fibers and improve their bonding, which will improve the settlement of fibers to the paper. Improved bonding ability enables an increase of the recycled fibers fraction in the paper pulp, which will reduce the amount of chemical pulp needed.

2010 10 / CGK 72

Paper board

2010 10 / CGK 73

LPBRunnability, cleanliness, purity, strengthMilk, juices

WLCAppearance, runnabilityPaper products

WLC, SUSStrength, purityToys, games

WLC, FBBAppearanceTextiles, clothing, footwear

WLCStrengthHousehold durables, hobby items

WLC, SUSStrength, runnabilityDetergents

FBB, WLCIdentification, runnabilityPharmaceuticals

SBS, FBBRunnability, odor and taint free, appearanceCigarettes, tobacco

FBB, SBSAttractive appearanceCosmetics, toiletries

SUSStrengthBottle carriers

FBB, SBSAttractive appearance, purity, cleanliness, odor and taint freeConfectionery

WLCRunnabilityIndirect food

SBS, SUSStrength, barrier, purity, cleanliness, runnabilityFrozen food

FBBPurity, cleanliness, runnabilityDirect food

Cartonboard gradeSpecial requirementsProduct

2010 10 / CGK 74

Stiffness

2010 10 / CGK 75

Paperboard grades

Folding boxboard

White lined chipboard

Solid bleached board

Solid unbleached board

Bleached

Unbleached

Liquid packaging board

Cartonboards

KraftlinerRecycled

Mottled

Linerboard

SemichemicalRecycled

Corrugating medium

Containerboards

Core board

Plaster board

Book binder board

Woodpulp board

Others

Special boards

Paperboard grades

Brown

White top

Wall paper base

2010 10 / CGK 76

Paperboard grades

Folding boxboard

White lined chipboard

Solid bleached board

Solid unbleached board

Bleached

Unbleached

Liquid packaging board

Cartonboards

KraftlinerRecycled

Mottled

Linerboard

SemichemicalRecycled

Corrugating medium

Containerboards

Core board

Plaster board

Book binder board

Woodpulp board

Others

Special boards

Paperboard grades

Brown

White top

Wall paper base

2010 10 / CGK 77

Folding boxboard

White lined chipboard

Solid bleached board

Solid unbleached board

Bleached

Unbleached

Liquid packaging board

Cartonboards

KraftlinerRecycled

Mottled

Linerboard

SemichemicalRecycled

Corrugating medium

Containerboards

Core board

Plaster board

Book binder board

Woodpulp board

Others

Special boards

Paperboard grades

Brown

White top

Wall paper base

Folding boxboard (FBB)

2010 10 / CGK 78

Definition

• Typical quality values for high quality product

– Basis weight : 180-400 g/m²– Bulk : 1.35-1.70 cm³/g– Stiffness Taber (CD) : > 4.5 mNm (250 g/m²) – PPS : 1.0-1.5 µm– Gloss : 45-60 %– Brightness : 80-84 %– Ply bond : >150 J/m²

2010 10 / CGK 79

DOUBLE OR TRIPLE COATING

TOP PLY BLEACHED HW / BLEACHED SWPIGMENT 0 - 8 %

FILLER PGW, SGW, BCTMPPLY OWN BROKE

BACK PLY BLEACHED HW / BLEACHED SWBCTMP

OPTIONAL SINGLE COATINGHW Hardwood Kraft pulpSW Softwood Kraft pulpPGW Pressurized Groundwood pulpSGW Stone Groundwood pulpBCTMP Bleached Chemithermomechanical pulp

Furnish structure

THREE PLY FBB

2010 10 / CGK 80

Folding boxboard

White lined chipboard

Solid bleached board

Solid unbleached board

Bleached

Unbleached

Liquid packaging board

Cartonboards

KraftlinerRecycled

Mottled

Linerboard

SemichemicalRecycled

Corrugating medium

Containerboards

Core board

Plaster board

Book binder board

Woodpulp board

Others

Special boards

Paperboard grades

Brown

White top

Wall Paper base

White lined chipboard (WLC)

2010 10 / CGK 81

Definition

• Typical quality values for high quality product

– Basis weight : 200-450 g/m²– Bulk : 1.20-1.35 cm³/g– Stiffness Taber : > 3.5 mNm (250 g/m²) – PPS : 1.5-2.0 µm– Gloss : 40-50 %– Brightness : 78-80 %– Ply bond : >150 J/m²

2010 10 / CGK 82

Furnish structure

DOUBLE OR TRIPLE COATING

TOP PLY BLEACHED HW / BLEACHED SWWHITE LEDGER

UNDERTOP DIPPLY WHITE LEDGER

BCTMP, GW

FILLER OCC, MW, ONP, OMPPLY SGW, PGW

OWN BROKE

UNDERBACK OCC, ONP , DIPPLY

BACK PLY BLEACHED HW / BLEACHED SWONP, OCC

OPTIONAL: SINGLE COATING

HW Hardwood Kraft pulpSW Softwood Kraft pulpPGW Pressurized Groundwood pulpSGW Stone Groundwood pulpBCTMP Bleached Chemithermomechanical pulp

DIP Deinked pulpOCC Old Corrugated ContainersOMP Old Magazine PaperONP Old Newsprint

FIVE PLY WLC

2010 10 / CGK 83

Folding boxboard

White lined chipboard

Solid bleached board

Solid unbleached board

Bleached

Unbleached

Liquid packaging board

Cartonboards

KraftlinerRecycled

Mottled

Linerboard

SemichemicalRecycled

Corrugating medium

Containerboards

Core board

Plaster board

Book binder board

Woodpulp board

Others

Special boards

Paperboard grades

Brown

White top

Wall paper base

Solid bleached sulfate (SBS)

2010 10 / CGK 84

Definition

• Typical quality values for high quality product

– Basis weight : 180-350 g/m²– Bulk : 1.10-1.25 cm³/g – Stiffness Taber (CD) : > 3.0 mNm (250 g/m²)– PPS : 1.0-1.5 µm– Gloss : 35-75 % (different grades)– Brightness : 86-90 %– Ply bond : >130 J/m²

2010 10 / CGK 85

ONE PLY SOLID BOARDDOUBLE OF TRIPLE COATING

FILLER: BLEACHED HW / BLEACHED SWPLY OWN BROKE

OPTIONAL: SINGLE COATING

THREE PLY SOLID BOARDDOUBLE OR TRIPLE COATING

TOP PLY: BLEACHED HW / BLEACHED SW

FILLER : BLEACHED HW / BLEACHED SWPLY BCTMP

OWN BROKE

BACK PLY: BLEACHED HW / BLEACHED SW

OPTIONAL: SINGLE OR DOUBLE COATINGHW Hardwood Kraft pulpSW Softwood Kraft pulpBCTMP Bleached Chemithermomechanical pulp

Furnish structureArt board (Far East)

2010 10 / CGK 86

Folding boxboard

White lined chipboard

Solid bleached board

Solid unbleached board

Bleached

Unbleached

Liquid packaging board

Cartonboards

KraftlinerRecycled

Mottled

Linerboard

SemichemicalRecycled

Corrugating medium

Containerboards

Core board

Plaster board

Book binder board

Woodpulp board

Others

Special boards

Paperboard grades

Brown

White top

Wall paper base

Solid unbleached board (SUB)

2010 10 / CGK 87

Definition

• Typical quality values for coated SUB

– Basis weight : 280-450 g/m²– Bulk : 1.2-1.4 cm³/g– Sheffield : 80-145 SU– PPS : 1.9-2.5 µm– Hunter Gloss : 45-55 %– Brightness : 76-80 %– Ply bond : >150 J/m²

2010 10 / CGK 88

TWO PLYDOUBLE COATING

TOP PLY: UNBLEACHED HW / UNBLEACHED SWOWN BROKE

BASE PLY: UNBLEACHED SW

THREE PLYDOUBLE OR TRIPLE COATING

TOP PLY: UNBLEACHED HW / UNBLEACHED SW

FILLER : UNBLEACHED HW / UNBLEACHED SWCTMPOCCBROKE

BASE PLY: UNBLEACHED SWHW Hardwood Kraft pulpSW Softwood Kraft pulpCTMP Chemithermomechanical pulp

Furnish structureCarrier board

2010 10 / CGK 89

Folding boxboard

White lined chipboard

Solid bleached board

Solid unbleached board

Bleached

Unbleached

Liquid packaging board

Cartonboards

KraftlinerRecycled

Mottled

Linerboard

SemichemicalRecycled

Corrugating medium

Containerboards

Core board

Plaster board

Book binder board

Woodpulp board

Others

Special boards

Paperboard grades

Brown

White top

Wall paper base

Liquid packaging board (LPB)

2010 10 / CGK 90

Definition

• Typical quality values for coated LPB

– Basis weight : 180-280 g/m²– Bulk : 1.3-1.6 cm³/g– Stiffness Taber (CD) : > 3.5 mNm (220 g/m²) – PPSS10 : 2.0-3.5 µm (flexo)

: 1.5-2.0 µm (roto)– Brightness : 76-80 % (or higher)– Ply bond : >150 J/m²

2010 10 / CGK 91

SINGLE PLYUNCOATED OR DOUBLE COATING

FILLER: BLEACHED HW / BLEACHED SWPLY OWN BROKE

THREE PLYDOUBLE OR TRIPLE COATING

TOP PLY: BLEACHED HW / BLEACHED SW

FILLER : BLEACHED HW / BLEACHED SWUNBLEACHED HW / UNBLEACHED SWCTMP

BASE PLY: BLEACHED HW / BLEACHED SWUNBLEACHED HW / UNBLEACHED SW

HW Hardwood Kraft pulpSW Softwood Kraft pulpCTMP Chemithermomechanical pulp

Furnish structure

2010 10 / CGK 92

Paperboard grades

Folding boxboard

White lined chipboard

Solid bleached board

Solid unbleached board

Bleached

Unbleached

Liquid packaging board

Cartonboards

KraftlinerRecycled

Mottled

Linerboard

SemichemicalRecycled

Corrugating medium

Containerboards

Core board

Plaster board

Book binder board

Woodpulp board

Others

Special boards

Paperboard grades

Brown

White top

Wall paper base

2010 10 / CGK 93

Containerboard

Open face, Single face, Single wall

Double wall, Triple wall

2010 10 / CGK 94

Containerboard Grades

2010 10 / CGK 95

KraftlinerKRAFTLINER (2-PLY)

TOP PLY: Unbleached Kraft pulp (SW)

BASE PLY: Unbleached Kraft pulp (SW) OCCMachine broke

KRAFTLINER (2-PLY)White top

BASE PLY: Unbleached Kraft Pulp (SW)OCCMachine broke

TOP PLY: Bleached Kraft Pulp (mixture of SW/HW)

COATING: Optional

Note: SW = Softwood (Spruce, Fir, Pine)HW = Hardwood (Birch, Eucalyptus, Acasia)

Typical furnish components

2010 10 / CGK 96

TestlinerTESTLINER (2-PLY)

TESTLINER (4-PLY)

TOP PLY: OCC OCC + mixed waste (LF Fraction)

BASE PLY: OCC OCC + mixed waste (SF Fraction)Mixed wasteMachine Broke

TOP PLY: Unbleached Kraft Pulp, OCCUNDERTOP: OCC, DIP, CPOFILLER PLY: OCC, Mixed Waste, Machine brokeBACK PLY: OCC

TESTLINER (3-PLY)

TOP PLY: Unbleached Kraft Pulp, OCCFILLER PLY: OCC, Mixed waste, Machine brokeBACK PLY: OCC

Typical furnish components

OCC = Old Corrugated ContainersDIP = Deinked Pulp LF, SF = Long Fiber, Short Fiber

2010 10 / CGK 97

Containerboard grades

Folding boxboard

White lined chipboard

Solid bleached board

Solid unbleached board

Bleached

Unbleached

Liquid packaging board

Cartonboards

KraftlinerRecycled

Mottled

Linerboard

SemichemicalRecycled

Corrugating medium

Containerboards

Core board

Plaster board

Book binder board

Woodpulp board

Others

Special boards

Paperboard grades

Brown

White top

Wall paper base

2010 10 / CGK 98

Containerboard Grades

2010 10 / CGK 99

Corrugating Medium

HW SEMI-CHEM (NSSC)OCC+mixed waste Unbleached kraft pulpOCCMixed wasteBagasse

Typical furnish components

OCC = Old Corrugated ContainersNSSC = Neutral Sulfite SemiChemical