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Reflective PracticeReflective Practice
Creating Opportunities for Exploration and Growth
25 Industrial Park Road, Middletown, CT 06457-1520 · (860) 632-1485
Connecticut State Department of Education · Division of Educational Programs and Services
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Today’s FrameworkToday’s Framework
Quiet signalQuiet signal
Pair = shoulder partnerPair = shoulder partner
Square = table groupSquare = table group
Reflective JournalReflective Journal
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How does exploring look?How does exploring look?
On the cover of your reflective journal, draw a picture of exploring.
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Pair-Share Pair-Share (Listening Practice)(Listening Practice)
With your shoulder partner
Partner A speaks for 30 seconds, while Partner B listens.
Partner B speaks for 30 seconds, while Partner A listens.
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Pair-Share Pair-Share (Listening Practice)(Listening Practice)
What does it mean to explore?
How does exploring look?
How do explore your classroom
and/or your school?
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What is reflective What is reflective practice?practice?
Deliberate pauseOpen perspectiveThinking processExamination of beliefs, goals, &
practicesNew insights & understandingActions that improve student learning
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What are the benefits?What are the benefits?
Opportunity to continuously learn Greater variety of perspectives New knowledge & understandings Efficacy increases Personal responsibilities for learning &
improvement Strengthen relationships & connections Bridges between theory & practice Reduction in external mandates
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What are the What are the characteristics of a characteristics of a reflective educator?reflective educator?
Commit to continuous improvementAssume responsibility of learningDemonstrate thinking skills for
inquiryTake action that aligns with new
understanding
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What are the levels of What are the levels of reflection?reflection?
Technical Focus– Techniques or methods
Conceptual Focus– Techniques or methods– Goals
Dialectical Focus– Techniques or methods– Goals– Ethical perspective
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Team ReflectionTeam Reflection
Reflection is not evaluationFeedback comes from the reflectee, not the
reflectorEffective listening and questioning is
essential
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Paraphrase Repeat what you hear in your own words
“So you mean…” “I hear you saying…”
Effective ListeningEffective Listening
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Clarify Rephrase what you hear as a question to seek further meaning
“Do you mean…” “What do you mean by…”
Effective ListeningEffective Listening
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Summarize Rephrase all the main points of what you hear
“Here is what we have discussed (or I heard)…”
Effective ListeningEffective Listening
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Ask questions Ask questions to seek understanding before you make statements about what you are hearing, especially when you find yourself wanting to make a judgement or express an opinion
“Can you explain why you…” “Tell more about…”
Effective ListeningEffective Listening
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Use non-verbal cues Eye Contact Head nod Smile Sit forward Arms open, not crossed
Effective ListeningEffective Listening
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Validate Validate what you hear, even if you do not agree. Use neutral language. Let the speaker know you heard what they had to say and that you can see their point of view.
“I understand why you think …” “I can see why you did…” “I hear what you are saying about…”
Effective ListeningEffective Listening
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Keep focused Our minds are always active and thinking, however, this can get in the way of good listening. Avoid thinking about other ideas that are generated from the conversation and stay focused on the words spoken at this moment. Avoid rehearsing what you will say next.
Effective ListeningEffective Listening
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Silence This one seems obvious, but it is the hardest to do. Silent pauses in conversations are helpful to the speaker. Do not speak to fill the silence.
Effective ListeningEffective Listening
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When I Listen…When I Listen…
When I listen I…
My listening can help others reflect when
I…
My barriers to effective listening are…
A new thought about my listening is…
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Providing Reflective Providing Reflective FeedbackFeedback
Describe the behavior, not person Use observations, avoid inferring Seek to understand, not to judge Provide questions, not answers Consider other perspectives, rather than one way Restate what was said, not an interpretation Validate ideas, rather than oppose
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Pair-Share Pair-Share (Listening Practice)(Listening Practice)
With your shoulder partner
Partner A speaks for 15 seconds, while Partner B listens.
Partner B speaks for 15 seconds, while Partner A listens.
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Pair-Share Pair-Share (Listening Practice)(Listening Practice)
Provide constructive feedback to
your partner on his/her listening
skills.
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Open-ended Questions
Characteristics Uses Broad questions Responses require
elaboration and exploration An infinite range of
responses
To reflect broadly on a practice or process
To explore ideas or causes To facilitate open
discussion
Types of QuestionsTypes of Questions
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Focused Questions
Characteristics Uses Specific questions Responses are targeted into
one area and require specific answers
To narrow a focus on a concern
To reflect on a specific practice or process
To examine facts
Types of QuestionsTypes of Questions
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Closed Questions
Characteristics Uses Questions are yes/no, choices, or
limited Responses are limited, usually
one or two words
To clarify or confirm To be time efficient Caution! This line of questioning, if used improperly, can create defensiveness or limit collaboration.
Types of QuestionsTypes of Questions
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Essential Questions for Essential Questions for ReflectionReflection
Description– What Happened?
What did I/team do?What did the student do?How was the environment constructed?What was the outcome of the meeting?
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Essential Questions for Essential Questions for ReflectionReflection
Analysis– Why?
Why do I think this happened?How did this outcome compare to the
intended outcome?How did I influence the outcome?What factors contributed to the outcome?How would the outcome be different with
different factors?
Essential Questions for Essential Questions for ReflectionReflection
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Essential Questions for Essential Questions for ReflectionReflection
Meaning– So What?
What did I/team learn?How could I/team improve?How does this change my beliefs or my
future thinking?What other questions do I have?
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Essential Questions for Essential Questions for ReflectionReflection
Implication– Now What?
What do I/team want to change for next time?
When will I/team use this information?What will I/team design for next steps?How will this improve my/our practice?What questions, factors, or practices do I/we
want to explore further?
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Team InterviewTeam Interview(Structured Dialogue)(Structured Dialogue)
In your team Person A speaks for 1 minute, while the team
listens The team members ask Person A questions about
what was said Person A responds to the team
– (2 minutes for Q &A) Repeat the process for every
person on the team
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Team InterviewTeam Interview(Structured Dialogue)(Structured Dialogue)
Upon what area can the team reflect?
How can this reflection occur?When can this reflection occur?
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Something to Reflect on: Something to Reflect on:
IntegrityIntegrityDid we do what we said we would do?Examine what was done
– Quality– Frequency– Compare to plan, mission, goals
Examine reasons for non-completion or non-compliance
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Ways to Promote Ways to Promote Reflection on IntegrityReflection on Integrity
The implementers of the process/plan establish standards
List how it is known that the standard is metEstablish a documentation tool (checklist,
rubric)Regularly (weekly or monthly) use tool to
evaluate the process/plan
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Ways to Promote Ways to Promote Reflection on IntegrityReflection on Integrity
Select at random one case studyExamine what was accomplished with that
case using your standards Check what was doneCollect data on the checklist over time on
several random cases to look for patterns
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The Integrity of Our TeamThe Integrity of Our Team
Silent Brainstorming– Silently write five standards for your process.– Pass the five to another team member, who can
add one new idea.– Pass the list again and repeat until you receive
your list back.
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The Integrity of Our TeamThe Integrity of Our Team
Prioritizing– Select your top two favorite standards to share
with the group.– Avoid repeating.– Given four dots, select your favorite standards
from the group.
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Ways to ReflectWays to Reflect
Individual– Journaling– Mapping– Teacher Narratives– Teacher Portfolios– Metaphors– Reading with Reflection
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Ways to ReflectWays to Reflect
Partners– Coaching– Dialogue Journals– Structured Dialogue– Action Research– Weekly Reviews– Listening Practice– Observation Learning
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Ways to ReflectWays to Reflect Small Groups
– Reading Reflection– Metaphors– Talking Cards– Six Hats– Think Tank– Interactive Reflective Teaching– Teacher Support Groups– Teacher Dialogues– Video Clubs– Book Clubs– Reflection Roundtables
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Ways to ReflectWays to Reflect
School-wide– Coaching– Learning in Faculty Meetings– School-wide Study Groups– Philosophy Clubs– School Self-Review
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Ways to Promote Team Ways to Promote Team ReflectionReflection
ObservationInterviewingExamining dataStructured dialogueStudy groupsExamining philosophy
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Rally TableRally Table
With your shoulder partner Partner A states an idea to Partner B Partner A writes the idea Partner A passes the paper to Partner B Partner B states an idea to Partner A Partner B writes the idea Partner B passes the paper to Partner A Repeat for 3 minutes
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Talking CardsTalking Cards(Merger Method)(Merger Method)
Independently and silentlyWrite one idea/response per index cardWith your teamPut all index cards togetherSort the cards into groupsAfter all the cards have been sorted,
label each category
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Talking CardsTalking Cards(Merge Method)(Merge Method)
How is reflection embedded into our team process?
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Six Hats of ThinkingSix Hats of Thinking
White hat-neutrality
Red hat-emotions
Black hat-what’s wrong
Yellow hat-sunshine
Green hat-creativity
Blue hat-conductor
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Six Hats of ThinkingSix Hats of Thinking
Use the information you gathered with the talking cards.
If reflective practice a reasonable expectation of educators?– What are the outcomes of reflection?– What/who benefits from reflection?– What are the barriers or threats to reflection?
Revise your talking cards as needed
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Team Stand and ShareTeam Stand and Share
Select your top principles about shaping an environment for reflective practice.
Every stand togetherShare your ideas to the group