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Act of Supremeacy Martin Luther nails 95 Theses
on church Luther Excommunicated Henry VIII Marries Anne
Boleyn Council of Trent Peace of Augsberg John Calvin publishes his
book. War in Switzerland breaks out Anglican Church established
Mary I becomes queen Mary Queen of Scots loses
her throne German Peasant revolt Elizabeth becomes queen Edward VI becomes king
Protestant Reformation
Ch. 1
Sec. 3
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
Lawyer turned monkJustification by faithDispute with Pope Leo X over church
abusesOn October 31st, 1517 Luther nailed
the 95 Theses on the church door in Wittenberg
Luther’s ProtestChurch sold indulgences to pay for St.
Peter’s BasilicaIn 1520 Luther was condemned and
his works bannedIn 1521 Luther was excommunicatedTranslated the New Testament into
German-(significance?)
Spread of Protestantism
John Calvin
Henry VIII
Ch. 1 Sec. 4
Church of EnglandHenry VIII wanted a male heir so he
wanted to divorce his wife, CatherineCatherine was the Aunt to Charles V,
Holy Roman Emperor Pope needed for protection
Henry passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534 Separated from the Catholic Church
Church of England
Under Edward VI, Protestant ideas entered the Church of England
Mary tried to restore Catholicism Elizabeth I introduced a moderate
blend of both called Anglicanism. Puritans wanted to “purify” Church of
England of Catholicism
Calvinists (1541)John Calvin formed the very
conservative Calvinists in SwitzerlandGeneva became a theocracyGod determined events-predestinationSpread quickly
Presbyterians-ScotlandHuguenots-France
Philosophies led to later revolutions
Other Protestant Movements
AnabaptistsBaptized as adultsSeparate church and state
Viewed as radicalsLed to Mennonites, Amish, Quakers,
Baptists
Catholic Reformation
Ignatius Loyola
Council of Trent
Reaffirming CatholicismCouncil of Trent reaffirmed what
protestants had challengedEliminated abuses by clergy and
required them to attend seminaryLatin Vulgate Bible only acceptedInquisition did more to attack heresy
and instituted censorship to fight the influx of new ideas
Fallout from the Reformations
Jesuits helped spread Catholicism and educated many around the world
Division arose between Catholics and Protestants-Peace of Augsburg
Many rulers chose Protestantism for their people as a way to promote the economy and keep money out of Italy
Baroque Art
Emotion, complexity, exaggeration
Peter Paul Rubens-artist
Lorenzo Bernini-St. Peter’s Square