1

1

Refrigerated Trailer Transport

2

Cherry Life

33570

33560

81540

20532

Life

(days)

Respiration Rate

Temperature

(°F)

2

3

Before Loading Trailer

• Equipment is in good condition

4

Clean floor& walls

Chute attached,Seals intact

3

5

6

Before Loading Trailer

• Equipment is in good condition• Cooled to transport temperature

4

7

Before Loading Trailer

• Equipment is in good condition • Cooled to transport temperature • Reefer off when doors are open

8

Loading Product

• Product is well cooled

• Pallet loads are unitized

• Keep an air space around load

5

9

Trailer Heat Gain

10

Airflow in Trailers

product

evaporator

bulkhead

fan chute

6

11

Airflow in Trailers

head space intact chute

12

Airflow in Trailers

wall channel

7

13

Centerline vs Staggered Loading

Centerline

Staggered

14

Centerline vs Staggered Loading

• In 7 loads - no significant difference in average load temperature.

• Other tests show about 1°F increase in product temp loaded next to wall vs away from wall.

8

15

Stone Fruit & Table Grapes

Product warming in 3.5 days transport, average of 7 loads

. Solid bulkhead, full air chute, loaded on palettes, staggered or centerline loaded.

. Average air temp = 31°F

2.2°F

4.1°

1.4°

1.1°

1.8°

3.2°

16

Centerline Air Bags

9

17

Staggered Load Offsets

18

Airflow in Trailers

product

rear door channel

10

19

Airflow in Trailers

product

bulkhead

20

Horizontal Air Supply

wall plenum

Carrier: Smart-Air system

11

21

Horizontal Air Supply

No gaps between pallets

Boxes vented on 48” side of pallet

Brace load

22

Rear Brace

12

23

Loading

• Fruit is well cooled.• Pallet loads are unitized.• Keep an air space around load.• Meet highway weight limits.

24

Single Pallet

Front Rear

air bag

13

25

Single pallet

Single Pallet

Single pallet allows air to bypass load

26

Set Thermostat Temperature

• For stone fruit and grapes = 34°F

14

27

Temperature Recorders

28

Mixed LoadProblems

• Blocked air flow

•Crushed ice on floor•Hand loaded boxes•Load dividers

15

29

Mixed Load Problems

• Blocked air flow• Warm produce

30

Mixed Load Problems

• Blocked air flow• Warm produce• Temperature, ethylene,odorcompatibility

16

31

Produce Compatibility

32

Vibration Damage

17

33

Prevent Vibration Damage

34

Marine Containers

18

35

Airflow In Containers

product

evaporatordeep channel floor

high capacity fan

36

Break-Bulk Ships

19

37

Package

• strength for 3 weeks at high humidity

• vertical venting

38

Pallet

• deck boards must support box corners

• no box overhang

• stabilize with netting or corner boards & straps

• 4-way pallet

20

39

Package & Pallet Design

Boxes maintain strength in high humidity.

Vents for vertical airflow.

Pallet is secured.

Box vents align.

Boxes extend to edge of pallet.

Deck boards allow vertical airflow.

40

Precooling

• cool stone fruit and grapes to 32°F

21

41

Before Loading

• precool container. • turn off refrigeration when doors

are open.• do not load with trash in floor or

damaged walls or door seals.

42

Air Flow In Containers

product

evaporatordeep channel floor

high capacity fan

22

43

Uncovered Floor

product

Air bypassesproduct

product

44

Loading

Do not load above limit line

Block exposed pallet openings and cover floor to deflectors

23

45

Loading Patterns

18 Pallets

20 Pallets

19 PalletsProblem Load

46

Single Pallet in Front

Air bypasses load

TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

Air supply area

24

47

Loading Patterns

Horizontal airflow

TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

48

After Loading

• set supply-air temperature control

• set thermostat to ≤ 34°F

25

49

After Loading

• set supply-air temperature control

• set thermostat to ≤ 34°F

• adjust air exchange to:

45 cfm for stone fruit

15 cfm for grapes

50

Automatic vent control

• CO2 &O2 measurement

• lower ventilation rates

• faster cool down

Thermoking: AFAM+

26

51

Air Freight

52

Pre & Post Flight Handling

Often more than 50% of trip

27

53

Product Temperature

Cool product to lowest possible temperature.

54

Strawberry Quality

Sound Fruit (%)

92

84

85

51

0 12 24 36 48Hours

TemperaturePattern °C

205205205205

28

55

Air FreightProtect from heating

20

15

10

5

0No wrap Wrap Wrap + coolant

56

Refrigerated Containers

29

57

Food Miles

1 Car w/5kg of produce

43Air

740Highway truck

2400Railroad

3800Ship

travel w/ equal energy use

Method