30 March 2016
Regional Overview:
Disaster Context of SAARC Region
Asia and Pacific is the world’s most disaster-prone region
A person living in the region is 4 times at risk than those in Africa and 25 times than in Europe
or North America.
Economic Damage is rising!
•Asia-Pacific - Damage from disasters increased from $52 billion in the 1970s to over $523 billion in the last decade.
•Based on present trends, by 2030, annual losses in the region could average US$160 billion a year.
•Least developed countries and small island economies are disproportionally affected •Damage and loss, 2015 Nepal earthquakes: 33% of GDP Cyclone Pam in Vanuatu: 64% of GDP
Disasters in context of South Asia
1,032,658
458,484
377,428
64,337
6,513 0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
South and South-West Asia
East and North-East Asia
South-East Asia North and CentralAsia
Pacific
Asia-Pacific subregions
• South and South-West Asia accounted for 30% of the world’s deaths caused by disasters in the last 45 year
• Between 2 to 16 per cent of the GDP of different South Asian countries get wasted every year due to natural disasters
The subregion has the highest mortality risks and is second in Asia and the Pacific with regards to economic losses
incurred by disasters.
1970-2015
Regional Multi-hazard Estimated Risk Map (Cyclone, Earthquake, Floods and Landslides)
Source: OCHA
Dec 2014
South Asia: Hotspots of Disaster Risk
Disasters - having
transboundary
origins
disaster
hotspots
Disaster Assessment in South Asia
• Damage assessment has been in the practice because of the relief centric approach.
• Disaster impacts are often underestimated because we assess only physical damage (stocks) and not the indirect losses (flow).
• Damage and losses need to be assessed for recovery/reconstruction.
• Damage and loss assessment have been conducted only for few major disasters and that too with the support from donors and development partners.
• In most of the cases, at national level – only damage is assessed and loss not accounted for.
DDMA/ District Collectorate
SDMA/Revenue/DM Dept. of State Govt.
Disaster Damage Information Collection
for sector/sub sector as specified in SDRF/NDRF
Agriculture
Animal Husbandry
Housing
Fishing
Drinking Water Supply Works
Roads & Bridges
Irrigation
STATE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (SEC)
Power
Health
Education
Infrastructure Public Properties ( owned by State/Center) Community Assets ( owned by Panchayats)
State level Departments/Directorates
Sections of District Collectorate/
Department offices of District
Circle/Block/Panchayat/Village level Revenue related
officials
Collection and Collation by Officials as per format prescribed in
SDRF/NDRF or their Ministries
Central Agencies with State Offices (IMD /RSAC etc)
Source : Manual on Administration of SDRF/NDRF, Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI, (revised -2013)
Disaster Damage and Needs Assessment
MEMORANDUM FOR ASSISTANCE: CENTRE,
DONORS
Current practices in South Asia
Rapid Assessment tools
DISASTER
The Govt . decides a Rapid Damage Needs Assessment
(0-72 hours of the Disaster)
Agreement on the Assessment Team
Government assigns responsibility to
Department/Agencies
Coordination discussion among the Assessment Team
Agreement is reached on the
conduct of the Rapid Damage Needs Assessment
1. Collect and/or validate the baseline data
2. Estimate damages and losses
3. Validate the information on damages and losses
4. Analyze the impacts of the damages and losses 5. Identify the recovery strategies and estimate
recovery and reconstruction needs
6. Draft the implementation plan of the identified programs and projects
7. Draft the post-disaster damages, losses and needs (PDNA) of the sector
Op
era
tio
nal
Ste
ps
Ass
ess
me
nt
Ste
ps
Methods for Disaster Assessment
Need to use innovative technologies
Damage Loss
Damage and loss both need to be accounted for
Damage assessment practice in Bangladesh
The standing orders on disasters (SOD) in Bangladesh included two ways of damage and need assessment SOS (within 24 hours of disaster event) D-Form (within two weeks of disaster event maximum by three weeks) Initially, both of these formats were manually filled in a time consuming manner, but with the development of the web based application, Damage Need Assessment (DNA), data could be conveniently entered and stored in a geocoded database for each administrative (Division, District, Upazila and Union) unit. DNA has provisions to collect and manage online damage and need information, amass images through cellular phones, and display damage and loss reports in the form of maps
Bangladesh: Damage and Needs Assessment Network
SAARC and ESCAP Partnership to develop innovative PDNA tools in support of South Asia Recovery
Framework
SAARC/IRP/GFDRR/UNDP
Expert Meeting
New Delhi, July 2014
SAARC PDNA
Expert Meeting and Group
Training Kandy, Oct 2014
ESCAP/SAARC
Expert Group Meeting and
Group Training
Dehra Dun,
Dec 2014
Peer Review
Workshop on RARR Bangkok
13-14 August 2015
12 12
ESCAP-SAARC bilateral meeting– 6th AMCDRR, June 2014
Concept Practices Tools Launch
Engagements with key stakeholders
ESCAP-SAARC Partnership for Manual of Rapid Assessment
How the process started?
1. The Manual is aimed to provide a step-by-step guide on conducting rapid assessments for some specific sectors.
2. The Manual would contribute towards the development of South Asia Recovery Framework by the SAARC.
1. The Manual is targeted to managers or practitioners from government agencies who often participates and supports rapid disaster needs assessment and responsible for post-disaster relief, response, recovery and reconstruct programmes.
2. It will be used for capacity building training.
1. It introduces how to capitalize upon the innovative technologies – space applications, geo-spatial databases and crowdsourcing for making disaster assessment faster, evidence-based and monitorable?
2. It also provides how to get access to data and tools?
3. The Manual introduces a new ways for damage and
loss assessment.
4. The Manual conducts feasibility study/pilot testing following 2015 Gorkha Nepal Earthquake PDNA
5. It’s based on good practices and take into account the experiences of practitioners.
Thank you
Sanjay K Srivastava
Chief, Disaster Risk Reduction Section
United Nations Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific
Bangkok