Regulation 61-68
Water Classifications and Standards
Disclaimer
DHEC provides this copy of the regulation for the convenience of
the public and makes every effort to ensure its accuracy. However,
this is an unofficial version of the regulation. The regulation's most
recent final publication in the South Carolina State Register presents
the official, legal version of the regulation.
2600 Bull Street | Columbia, SC 29201
S.C. Code Sections 48-1-10 et seq.
SECTION A. PURPOSE AND SCOPE
1
SECTION B. DEFINITIONS
1
SECTION C. APPLICABILITY OF STANDARDS
7
SECTION D. ANTIDEGRADATION RULES
10
SECTION E. GENERAL RULES AND STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO ALL WATERS
12
SECTION F. NARRATIVE BIOLOGICAL CRITERIA
24
SECTION G. CLASS DESCRIPTIONS, DESIGNATIONS, AND SPECIFIC
STANDARDS FOR SURFACE WATERS
25
Outstanding National Resource Waters 26
Outstanding Resource Waters 26
Trout Waters 27
Freshwaters 29
Shellfish Harvesting Waters 30
Class SA 31
July 24, 1981 - 5 14
June 28, 1985 458 9 6
January 22, 1988 771 12 1
April 27, 1990 1039 14 5
April 26, 1991 1313 15 4
April 24, 1992 1385 16 4
May 28, 1993 1565 17 5, Part I
June 26, 1998 2218 22 6, Part 2
June 22, 2001 2572 25 6
June 25, 2004 2855 28 6
April 25, 2008 3161 32 4
February 24, 2012 4161 36 2
June 22, 2012 4212 36 6
June 27, 2014 4425 38 6
Class SB
32
SECTION H. CLASS DESCRIPTIONS AND SPECIFIC STANDARDS FOR GROUND
WATERS
33
Class GA 34
Class GB 34
Class GC
35
SECTION I. SEVERABILITY
35
APPENDIX. WATER QUALITY NUMERIC CRITERIA FOR THE PROTECTION OF
AQUATIC LIFE AND HUMAN HEALTH
36
Priority Toxic Pollutants 36
Non Priority Pollutants 45
Organoleptic Effects 50
Water Quality Criteria Additional Notes 52
Attachment 1 – Conversion Factors for Dissolved Metals 54
Attachment 2 – Parameters for Calculating Hardness-Dependent
Criteria
55
Attachment 3 – Calculation of Freshwater Ammonia Criterion 56
1 | Regulation 61-68
A. PURPOSE AND SCOPE.
1. These regulations, promulgated pursuant to authority in the S. C. Pollution Control Act, Section 48-1-10
et seq., 1976 Code of Laws, establish a system and rules for managing and protecting the quality of South
Carolina’s surface and ground water. They establish the State's official classified water uses for all waters
of the State, establish general rules and specific numeric and narrative criteria for protecting classified and
existing water uses, and establish procedures for classifying waters of the State. The water quality standards
include the uses of the waters, the numeric and narrative criteria, and the antidegradation rules contained in
this regulation.
a. The uses of the waters of the State are defined and described in Sections B, C, E, F, G, and H of this
regulation.
b. Numeric criteria for aquatic life and human health are numeric values for specific parameters and
pollutants or water quality levels which have been assigned for the protection of the existing and classified
uses for each of the classifications in South Carolina and are listed in Section D, E, G, H, and the Appendix.
Narrative criteria for aquatic life and human health are general goals and statements of attainable or attained
conditions of biological integrity and water quality of the waterbody. These narrative criteria rely upon the
use of standardized measures and data analyses to make qualitative determinations of the water quality and
use attainment. The Department uses scientifically sound and, where applicable, EPA-approved methods
in making these determinations. Narrative criteria are listed in Sections C, D, E, F, G, and H.
c. Antidegradation rules provide a minimum level of protection to all waters of the State and also include
provisions and requirements necessary to determine when and if water quality degradation is allowed.
Antidegradation rules are described in Section D of this regulation.
2. Waters which meet standards shall be maintained. Waters which do not meet standards shall be improved,
wherever attainable, to achieve those standards. However, the Department cannot assure that classified
waters shall at all times meet the numeric water quality standards for such uses.
3. Recognizing the technical and economic difficulty in restoring water quality, the Department shall
emphasize a preventive approach in protecting waters of the State.
4. It is a goal of the Department to maintain and improve all surface waters to a level to provide for the
survival and propagation of a balanced indigenous aquatic community of flora and fauna and to provide for
recreation in and on the water. It is also a goal to provide, where appropriate and desirable, for drinking
water after conventional treatment, shellfish harvesting, and industrial and agricultural uses.
5. It is a goal of the Department to maintain or restore ground water quality so it is suitable as a drinking
water source without any treatment.
B. DEFINITIONS.
1. The definition of any word or phrase employed in this regulation shall be the same as given in the South
Carolina Pollution Control Act, 48-1-10, et seq, S.C. Code of Laws, 1976, hereafter referred to as the Act.
Words or phrases which are not defined in the Act are defined as follows:
2. 7Q10 means the annual minimum seven day average flow rate that occurs with an average frequency of
once in ten years as published or verified by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) or an estimate extrapolated
from published or verified USGS data.
2 | Regulation 61-68
3. 30Q5 means the annual minimum thirty day average flow rate that occurs with an average frequency of
once in five years as published or verified by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) or an estimate
extrapolated from published or verified USGS data.
4. Acute means a stimulus severe enough to rapidly induce an effect; in aquatic toxicity tests, an effect
observed in 96 hours or less typically is considered acute. When referring to aquatic toxicology or human
health, an acute effect is not always measured in terms of lethality.
5. Acute-to-chronic ratio (ACR) means the ratio of the acute toxicity of an effluent or a toxicant to its
chronic toxicity. It is used as a factor for estimating chronic toxicity on the basis of acute toxicity data, or
for estimating acute toxicity on the basis of chronic toxicity data.
6. Agricultural means the use of water for stock watering, irrigation, and other farm purposes.
7. Annual average flow means the annual mean flow rate of a stream at a specific point as published or
verified by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) or an estimated annual mean flow rate extrapolated from
published or verified USGS data.
8. Aquaculture means a defined managed water area which uses discharges of pollutants into that
designated area for the maintenance or production of harvestable freshwater, estuarine, or marine plants or
animals.
9. Aquatic farm means the cultivation, production, or marketing of domestic aquatic organisms which are
any fish, aquatic invertebrates, or aquatic plants that are spawned, produced, or marketed as a cultivated
crop in the waters of the State.
10. Aquatic toxicity test mean laboratory experiments that measure the biological effect (e.g., growth,
survival, and reproduction) of effluents or receiving waters on aquatic organisms.
11. Aquifer means a geologic formation, group of formations, or part of a formation that contains
sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant quantities of ground water to wells or springs.
12. Balanced indigenous aquatic community means a natural, diverse biotic community characterized
by the capacity to sustain itself through cyclic seasonal changes, presence of necessary food chain species
and by a lack of domination by pollutant tolerant species.
13. Best management practice (BMP) means a practice or combination of practices that are the most
effective, practical ways of controlling or abating pollution from widespread or localized sources.
14. Bioaccumulation means the process by which a compound is taken up and retained by an aquatic
organism, both from water and through food.
15. Bioavailability means a measure of the physiochemical access that a toxicant has to the biological
processes of an organism. The less the bioavailability of a toxicant, the less its toxic effect on an organism.
16. Bioconcentration means the process by which a compound is absorbed from water through gills or
epithelial tissues and is concentrated in the body.
17. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) means the ratio of a substance’s concentration in tissue versus its
concentration in water, in situations where the food chain is not exposed or represents equilibrium
partitioning between water and organisms.
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18. Biological assessment means an evaluation of the biological condition of a waterbody using biological
surveys and other direct measurements of resident biota in surface waters and sediments.
19. Biological criteria, also known as biocriteria, mean narrative expressions or numeric values of the
biological characteristics of aquatic communities based on appropriate reference conditions. Biological
criteria serve as an index of aquatic community health.
20. Biological monitoring, also known as biomonitoring, means a description of the living organisms in
water quality surveillance used to indicate compliance with water quality standards or permit effluent limits
and to document water quality trends. Methods of biological monitoring may include, but are not limited
to, toxicity testing such as ambient toxicity testing, whole effluent toxicity testing, and ambient assessment
of the resident biological community.
21. Chlorophyll a means a photosynthetic pigment present in all types of green plants. It is used as a
measure of algal biomass and is an indicator of nutrient enrichment.
22. Chronic means a stimulus that lingers or continues for a relatively long period of time, often one-tenth
of the life span or more. Chronic should be considered a relative term depending on the life span of an
organism. The measurement of a chronic effect can be reduced growth, reduced reproduction, etc., in
addition to lethality.
23. Classified uses means those uses specified in Section G for surface waters and Section H for ground
waters, whether or not those uses are being attained.
24. Concentrated aquatic animal production facility means a hatchery, fish farm, or other facility
related to aquatic animal production which is not located in waters of the State and is subject to a National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.
25. Conventional treatment as applying to potable water supplies means treatment including at least
flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection.
26. Criterion continuous concentration (CCC) means the highest instream concentration of a toxicant
or an effluent to which the organisms can be exposed to protect against chronic (long-term) effects. EPA
derives chronic criteria from longer term (often greater than 28 days) tests that measure survival, growth,
reproduction, and in some cases bioconcentration.
27. Criterion maximum concentration (CMC) means the highest instream concentration of a toxicant
or an effluent to which the organisms can be exposed for a brief period of time without causing an acute
effect. EPA derives acute criteria from 48 to 96 hour tests of lethality or immobilization.
28. Daily average means the average of all samples taken during any 24 hour period.
29. Daily maximum (for bacterial indicators only) means the highest arithmetic average of bacterial
samples collected [for each of the bacterial indicator species (i.e., E. coli, enterococci, and /or fecal
coliform)] in any 24 hour period during a calendar month.
30. Deleterious substances mean those substances which in sufficient concentrations or levels have a
harmful effect on classified or existing water uses.
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31. Ecoregions mean areas of general similarity in ecosystems and in the type, quality, and quantity of
environmental resources and are designed to serve as a spatial framework for the research, assessment,
management, and monitoring of ecosystems and ecosystem components. The EPA has published a
document that outlines the Level III ecoregions (please refer to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
1999. Level III ecoregions of the continental United States (revision of Omernik, 1987). Corvallis, Oregon,
U.S. E.P.A.-National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Map M-1.) The following
are South Carolina Level III ecoregions: Blue Ridge Mountains, Piedmont, Southeastern Plains, and Middle
Atlantic Coastal Plains.
32. Ephemeral streams mean streams that generally have defined natural watercourses that flow only in
direct response to rainfall or snowmelt and in which discrete periods of flow persist no more than 29
consecutive days per event.
33. Existing uses means those uses actually being attained in or on the water, on or after November 28,
1975, regardless of the classified uses.
34. Fishing means the taking, harvesting, or catching of finfish or crustaceans for human consumption.
35. Full pool elevation means the maximum lake level attained before water releases over a fixed weir,
spillway, or other discharge structure. In larger lakes and reservoirs, the full pool elevation is the maximum
level established for management.
36. Groundwater means water below the land surface in a zone of saturation.
37. Hydrograph controlled release (HCRs) means the onsite storage or holding of treated wastewater or
the use of an alternative discharge option contained in Section D.2.a. of this regulation, during specified
critical streamflow conditions and then discharging the treated wastewater to the stream when streamflow
is sufficient to assimilate the wastewater.
38. Intermittent streams means streams that generally have defined natural watercourses which do not
flow year around, but flow beyond periods of rainfall or snowmelt.
39. Lake means any water of the State that is a freshwater pond, reservoir, impoundment, or similar body
of water located wholly or partially within the State.
40. LC50 means the concentration of a toxicant at which lethality occurs to 50 percent of the test
organisms during a specified exposure time period.
41. Mixing zone means:
a. For surface waters, an area where a discharge undergoes initial dilution and is extended to cover the
secondary mixing in the ambient waterbody. A mixing zone is an allocated impact zone where water quality
criteria can be exceeded as long as acutely toxic conditions are prevented (except as defined within a Zone
of initial dilution) and public health and welfare are not endangered.
b. For ground waters, a hydrogeologically controlled three-dimensional flow path in the subsurface
which constitutes the pathway for waste constituents to migrate from a source.
42. Monthly average (for bacterial indicators only) means the calendar month (i.e., 28 days, 29 days, 30
days, or 31 days) geometric mean of all bacterial samples collected [for each of the bacterial indicator
species (i.e., E. coli, enterococci, and/or fecal coliform)] during that calendar month.
5 | Regulation 61-68
43. Natural conditions mean those water quality conditions unaffected by anthropogenic sources of
pollution.
44. No discharge zone (NDZ) means a waterbody (or a portion of a waterbody) so designated that no
discharging Marine Sanitation Devices (MSDs) are allowed on vessels on waterbodies so designated. All
vessels located on such designated waterbodies shall be equipped with MSDs which discharge to a holding
tank which shall be pumped out at a designated pump-out location or shall discharge legally outside the
boundary of the United States.
45. No observed effect concentration (NOEC) means the highest tested concentration of an effluent or a
toxicant at which no adverse effects are observed on the aquatic test organisms at a specific time of
observation and determined using hypothesis testing.
46. Nutrients mean an element or chemical essential to life including, but not limited to, nitrogen and
phosphorus.
47. Organoleptic effects mean those sensory effects associated with taste and smell.
48. Outstanding recreational or ecological resource waters means waters which are of exceptional
recreational or ecological importance or of unusual value. Such waters may include, but are not limited to:
waters in national or state parks or wildlife refuges; waters supporting threatened or endangered species;
waters under the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Act or South Carolina Scenic Rivers Act; waters known
to be significant nursery areas for commercially important species or known to contain significant
commercial or public shellfish resources; or waters used for or having significant value for scientific
research and study.
49. Practical quantitation limit (PQL) means a concentration at which the entire analytical system must
give a recognizable signal and acceptable calibration point. It is the concentration in a sample that is
equivalent to the concentration of the lowest calibration standard analyzed by a specific analytical
procedure, assuming that all the method-specific sample weights volumes, and processing steps have been
followed..
50. Prohibited area means an area adjacent to point source discharges or other sources of potential
contamination in shellfish growing waters where the gathering of clams, mussels, or oysters is prohibited
to protect public health.
51. Primary contact recreation means any activity with the intended purpose of direct water contact by
the human body to the point of complete submergence, including but not limited to swimming, water skiing,
and skin diving.
52. Propagation means the continuance of species through reproduction and growth in the natural
environment, as opposed to the maintenance of species by artificial culture and stocking.
53. Public water system means any public or privately owned waterworks system which provides
drinking water for human consumption, except those serving a single private residence or dwelling.
54. Recharge area means an area where an underground source of drinking water is poorly confined, is
under water table conditions, and has a downward component of flow from the water table into the
underground source of drinking water.
6 | Regulation 61-68
55. Secondary contact recreation means any activity occurring on or near the water which does not have
an intended purpose of direct water contact by the human body to the point of complete submergence,
including but not limited to fishing, boating, canoeing, and wading.
56. Shellfish mean bivalve mollusks, specifically clams, mussels, or oysters.
57. Shellfish harvesting means taking of bivalve mollusks, specifically clams, mussels, or oysters, for
direct marketing or human consumption.
58. Source for drinking water supply means any source of surface water which is used for domestic
consumption, or used in connection with the processing of milk, beverages, food or for other purposes
which required finished water meeting regulations (40 CFR Part 141 and 40 CFR Part 143) established
pursuant to the Safe Drinking Water Act (Public Law 93- 523, 95-190) applicable to public water systems.
59. Tidal conditions mean conditions determined by the Department as appropriate for tidally influenced
waters of the State to be analogous to the 7Q10 or the annual average flow for flowing waters of the State.
60. Tidal saltwaters means those waters whose elevation is subject to changes due to oceanic tides and
which have chloride ion content in excess of 250 milligrams per liter (mg/l) (salinity = 0.48 parts per
thousand).
61. Toxic wastes means those wastes or combinations of wastes including disease-causing agents which,
discharge and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into any organism, either directly from
the environment or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, may cause death, disease, behavioral
abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutations, physiological malfunctions (including malfunctions in
reproduction), physical deformations, or restrict or impair growth in such organisms or their offspring.
62. Underground source of drinking water (USDW) means an aquifer or its portion:
a. Which supplies any public water system or individual residential well; or
b. Which contains a sufficient quantity of ground water to supply a public water system or individual
residential well; and,
(1) Currently supplies drinking water for human consumption; or
(2) Contains water with less than ten thousand milligrams per liter total dissolved solids.
63. Variance means a short-term exemption from meeting certain otherwise applicable water quality
standards.
64. Water table means that level below the land surface at which all the voids are filled with water at a
pressure equal to atmospheric.
65. Weekly average means the average of all samples taken during any consecutive seven day period.
66. Whole effluent toxicity (WET) means the aggregate toxic effect of an aqueous sample measured
directly by an aquatic toxicity test.
7 | Regulation 61-68
67. Zone of initial dilution (ZID) means that minimal area of a mixing zone immediately surrounding the
outfall where water quality criteria are not met, provided there is no acute toxicity to drifting organisms and
public health and welfare are not endangered.
C. APPLICABILITY OF STANDARDS.
1. The water quality standards are applicable to both surface waters and ground waters.
2. Any exception specified in this regulation is to be applied exclusively to the situation for which it was
incorporated and not as a general rule applicable to all situations or waters of the State.
3. Uses in all waters shall be protected, wherever attainable, regardless of flow and classification of waters.
4. Critical flows for determining permit effluent limitations and/or permit conditions or requirements,
including permit development such as wasteload allocations or load allocations in TMDL’s, will be
calculated in accordance with the following:
a. Aquatic life numeric criteria.
(1) The applicable critical flow conditions for aquatic life criteria shall be defined as 7Q10 or tidal
conditions as determined by the Department. The numeric criteria of this regulation are not applicable to
waters of the State when the flow rate is less than 7Q10 except as prescribed below.
(2) The Department shall consider conditions that are comparable to or more stringent than 7Q10
where appropriate to protect classified and existing uses, such as below dams and in tidal situations. Only
those situations where the use of 7Q10 flows are determined to be impracticable, inappropriate, or
insufficiently protective of aquatic life uses shall be considered as a situation in which the Department may
consider other flow conditions.
(3) NPDES Permit conditions shall be based on a critical condition analysis (e.g., critical flow,
temperature or pH, or a combination of factors which would represent a critical conditions). Regarding
ambient water temperature as a component of a critical condition analysis, the Department may consider
less stringent limits during November through February based on a critical ambient water temperature
during November through February.
b. Human health and organoleptic numeric criteria.
(1) The applicable critical flow conditions for human health shall be defined as annual average flow
for carcinogens, 7Q10 (or 30Q5 if provided by the applicant) for noncarcinogens, or tidal conditions as
determined by the Department. The applicable critical flow conditions for organoleptic criteria shall be
defined as annual average flow or tidal conditions as determined by the Department. The numeric criteria
of this regulation are not applicable to waters of the State when the flow rate is less than the annual average
flow for carcinogens or 7Q10 (or 30Q5 if provided by the applicant) for noncarcinogens, except as
prescribed below.
(2) The Department shall consider conditions that are comparable to or more stringent than annual
average flow, 7Q10, or 30Q5 (if provided by the applicant) where appropriate to protect the classified and
existing uses, such as below dams and in tidal situations. Only those situations where the use of annual
average flow, or 7Q10, or 30Q5 (if provided by the applicant) are determined to be impracticable,
inappropriate, or insufficiently protective of human health uses shall be considered as a situation in which
the Department may consider other flow conditions.
8 | Regulation 61-68
c. As described below, the Department may also consider conditions other than 7Q10 for use with an
HCR.
(1) After a complete antidegradation review in compliance with Section D.2., an HCR for oxygen-
demanding substances may be permitted by the Department for the following situations:
i. If other flow-related effluent conditions are allowed by federal effluent guidelines as specified in
40 CFR Parts 400 499 (Chapter I, Subchapter N) and when used the numeric criteria shall not be exceeded
and all water quality standards are maintained and protected;
ii. For industrial discharges, after application of advanced wastewater treatment, as determined by
the Department, for the type of wastewater discharged;
iii. For other discharges, after application of advanced wastewater treatment which will be defined,
for this purpose, at or below the following permit effluent limitations of BOD5 = 10 mg/l, NH3-N = 1 mg/l,
and DO = 6 mg/l.
(2) In cases where an HCR may be allowed, the permit effluent limitations for toxics will not be
variable and will be based on the critical flow conditions (chemical-specific or WET).
(3) In cases where an HCR may be allowed, new or proposed expansions of existing permits shall
require instream biological assessments and existing permits may require instream biological assessments.
5. Intermittent streams and ephemeral streams shall be considered waters of the State. The water quality
standards of the class of the stream to which intermittent and ephemeral streams are tributary shall apply,
disregarding any site-specific numeric criteria for the named waterbody. This does not preclude the
development of site-specific numeric criteria for intermittent and ephemeral streams.
6. The standards of adjacent waters must be maintained in basins excavated from high ground and
constructed solely for berthing vessels. The standards of the adjacent waters must also be maintained with
regard to impacts from created marina basins.
7. The existing and classified uses of downstream waters shall be maintained and protected and existing
uses shall be protected regardless of the classification of the downstream waters. In tidally-influenced
waters, the existing and classified uses of both upstream and downstream waters shall be maintained and
protected and the existing uses shall be protected regardless of the classification of the upstream and
downstream waters.
8. Where surface waters are not classified by name (unlisted) in R.61-69, Classified Waters, the water
quality standards of the class of the stream to which they are tributary shall apply, disregarding any site
specific numeric criteria for the named waterbody. In tidal areas where an unlisted tributary may affect or
flows between two differently classified waterbodies, regardless of whether the location is upstream or
downstream, the more stringent numeric criteria of the classified waters apply to the unlisted tributary,
disregarding any site-specific numeric criteria for those waterbodies. This does not preclude the
development of site- specific numeric criteria for unlisted tributaries.
9. Because of natural conditions some surface and ground waters may have characteristics outside the
standards established by this regulation. Such natural conditions do not constitute a violation of the water
quality standards; however, degradation of existing water quality is prohibited unless consistent with
Section D.4. of this regulation.
9 | Regulation 61-68
10. A mixing zone for surface waters may be allowed by the Department. All water quality standards of
the classification of the surface waters, including affected downstream waters, are applicable unless a
mixing zone, setting forth certain conditions, is granted by the Department. When the Department grants a
mixing zone, the mixing zone shall not be an area of waste treatment nor shall it interfere with or impair
the existing uses of the waterbody. The size of the mixing zone shall be minimized, as determined by the
Department, and shall be based upon applicable critical flow conditions. Since mixing zones are allocated
impact zones where human health and aquatic life numeric criteria can be exceeded, the Department shall
restrict their use. The following prohibitions and restrictions are established in order to support these
important uses of the waters of the State.
a. In order to protect human health, mixing zones are not allowed when: they would endanger public
health and welfare, the mixing zone would adversely affect shellfish harvesting, or the mixing zone would
be for bacteria (e.g. fecal coliform).
b. In order to protect aquatic life, mixing zones are not allowed when: a pollutant, excluding temperature
or thermal, in a discharge would attract biota; the mixing zone would result in undesirable aquatic organisms
or a dominance of nuisance species outside of the mixing zone; there is a reasonable expectation that a
discharge would adversely affect a federally-listed endangered or threatened aquatic species, its habitat, or
a proposed or designated critical habitat; the mixing zone would not allow safe passage of aquatic organisms
when passage would otherwise be unobstructed; or the mixing zone would not allow for the protection and
propagation of a balanced indigenous aquatic community in and on the water body.
c. In order to protect both human health and aquatic life, mixing zones are not allowed when: a discharge
would not be predicted to or does not produce adequate mixing at the point of discharge; or a discharge
would be to a waterbody where multiple discharges interact if the combined mixing zone would impair the
waterbody outside the mixing zone. The Department may prohibit or limit mixing zones in waters of the
State that may be considered a significant estuarine nursery habitat for resident species.
d. The size of the mixing zone shall be kept to a minimum and may be determined on an individual
project basis considering biological, chemical, engineering, hydrological, and physical factors.
11. Mixing zones for ground waters may be allowed by the Department. In order to ensure the maintenance
and protection of the uses of the waters of the State and in compliance with Section D of this regulation,
any mixing zone granted by the Department shall be determined on an individual basis by the Department
as prescribed below.
a. The numeric standards for Class GB ground water, Section H.9., are applicable unless a mixing zone
solely within the bounds of the property, setting forth certain conditions, is granted by the Department.
Such a mixing zone shall be granted upon satisfactory demonstration to the Department that:
(1) Reasonable measures have been taken or binding commitments are made to minimize the addition
of contaminants to ground water and/or control the migration of contaminants in ground water;
(2) The ground water in question is confined to a shallow geologic unit which has little or no potential
of being an Underground Source of Drinking Water, and discharges or will discharge to surface waters
without contravening the surface water standards set forth in this regulation;
(3) The contaminant(s) in question occurs within the bounds of the property, and there is minimum
possibility for ground water withdrawals (present or future) to create drawdown such that contaminants
would flow off-site; and
10 | Regulation 61-68
(4) The contaminants or combination of contaminants in question are not dangerously toxic, mobile,
or persistent.
b. [Reserved].
12. Site-specific numeric criteria for surface waters may be established by the Department to replace the
numeric criteria of Sections E, G, and the appendix of this regulation or to add new numeric criteria not
contained in this regulation. Establishment of such numeric criteria shall be subject to public participation
and administrative procedures for adopting regulations. In addition, such site-specific numeric criteria shall
not apply to tributary or downstream waters unless specifically described in the water classification listing
R.61-69, Classified Waters.
13. In classifying and adopting standards for the waters of the State, the Department considers:
a. The size, depth, surface area covered, volume, flow direction, rate of flow, stream gradient and
temperature of the water;
b. The character of the district bordering such water and its suitability for the uses and with a view to
conserving it and encouraging the most appropriate use of the lands bordering on such water for residential,
agricultural, industrial, or recreational purposes;
c. The uses which have been made, are being made, may be made or are desired to be made of such
waters for transportation, domestic, and industrial consumption, irrigation, swimming, fishing, fish culture,
fire prevention, sewage disposal or other uses;
d. The present quality of such waters; and
e. Information, about the four items above, from government agencies, interested groups, and the public.
D. ANTIDEGRADATION RULES.
1. Existing water uses and the level of water quality necessary to protect these existing uses shall be
maintained and protected regardless of the water classification and consistent with the policies below.
a. A new activity or expansion of an existing activity shall not be allowed in Class ONRW, Class ORW,
or Shellfish Harvesting Waters if it would exclude, through establishment of a prohibited area, an existing
shellfish harvesting or culture use. A new activity or expansion of an existing activity which will result in
a prohibited area may be allowed in Class SA or Class SB waters when determined to be appropriate by the
Department and would not remove or impair an existing use.
b. Existing uses and water quality necessary to protect these uses are presently affected or may be affected
by instream modifications or water withdrawals. The stream flows necessary to protect classified and
existing uses and the water quality supporting these uses shall be maintained consistent with riparian rights
to reasonable use of water.
c. Existing or classified ground water uses and the conditions necessary to protect those uses shall be
maintained and protected.
2. Where surface water quality exceeds levels necessary to support propagation of fish, shellfish, and
wildlife, and recreation in and on the water, that quality shall be maintained and protected unless the
11 | Regulation 61-68
Department finds, after intergovernmental coordination and public participation, that allowing lower water
quality is necessary to important economic or social development in the areas where the waters are located.
In allowing such lower water quality, water quality adequate to fully protect existing and classified uses
shall be maintained. The highest statutory and regulatory requirements for all new and existing point
sources shall be achieved and all cost-effective and reasonable best management practices for nonpoint
source control shall be achieved within the State’s statutory authority and otherwise encouraged. In order
to fulfill these goals, the Department shall consider (a) and (b) below when evaluating any proposed
expansion or new discharge to waters of the State that will lower water quality to a measurable effect. This
includes, but is not limited to, the new or increased loading of any pollutant or pollutant parameter in the
effluent regardless of whether the discharge flow changes.
a. An alternatives analysis, conducted by the applicant, must demonstrate to the Department that none of
the following applicable alternatives that would minimize or eliminate the lowering of water quality are
economically and technologically reasonable:
(1) Water recycle or reuse;
(2) Use of other discharge locations;
(3) Connection to other wastewater treatment facilities;
(4) Use of land application;
(5) Product or raw material substitution;
(6) Any other treatment option or alternative.
b. After the alternatives analysis is completed, the Department shall evaluate whether a proposed
discharge that will result in the lowering of water quality of a waterbody, and for which there are no
economically or technologically reasonable alternatives, is necessary for important economic or social
development. For this to be accomplished, several economic and social factors must be considered. If an
evaluation of the economic and social factors reveals that affordable treatment options that, combined with
any alternatives, would prevent the need for the lowering of water quality, the Department shall deny the
request. Conformance of the proposed discharge with the applicable '208 Areawide Water Quality
Management Plans may demonstrate importance to economic and social development as well as
intergovernmental coordination and public participation. Activities requiring permits or certification by the
Department shall provide for public participation through the Department’s existing public notification
processes. Economic and social factors to be considered may include the following:
(1) Employment (increases, maintenance, or avoidance of reduction);
(2) Increased industrial production;
(3) Improved community tax base;
(4) Improved housing; and/or
(5) Correction of an environmental or public health problem.
12 | Regulation 61-68
3. The water quality of outstanding resource surface waters designated as Class ONRW or Class ORW shall
be maintained and protected through application of the standards for these classifications as described in
Section G.
4. Certain natural conditions may cause a depression of dissolved oxygen in surface waters while existing
and classified uses are still maintained. The Department shall allow a dissolved oxygen depression in these
naturally low dissolved oxygen waterbodies as prescribed below pursuant to the Act, Section 48-1-83, et
seq., 1976 Code of Laws:
a. For purposes of section D of this regulation, the term “naturally low dissolved oxygen waterbody” is
a waterbody that, between and including the months of March and October, has naturally low dissolved
oxygen levels at some time and for which limits during those months shall be set based on a critical
condition analysis. The term does not include the months of November through February unless low
dissolved oxygen levels are known to exist during those months in the waterbody. For a naturally low
dissolved oxygen waterbody, the quality of the surface waters shall not be cumulatively lowered more than
0.1 mg/l for dissolved oxygen from point sources and other activities; or
b. Where natural conditions alone create dissolved oxygen concentrations less than 110 percent of the
applicable water quality standard established for that waterbody, the minimum acceptable concentration is
90 percent of the natural condition. Under these circumstances, an anthropogenic dissolved oxygen
depression greater than 0.1 mg/l shall not be allowed unless it is demonstrated that resident aquatic species
shall not be adversely affected pursuant to Section 48-1-83. The Department may modify permit conditions
to require appropriate instream biological monitoring.
c. The dissolved oxygen concentrations shall not be cumulatively lowered more than the deficit described
above utilizing a daily average unless it can be demonstrated that resident aquatic species shall not be
adversely affected by an alternate averaging period.
E. GENERAL RULES AND STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO ALL WATERS.
1. The General Assembly of South Carolina in the Act has declared the following policy: “It is declared to
be the public policy of the State to maintain reasonable standards of purity of the air and water resources of
the State, consistent with the public health, safety and welfare of its citizens, maximum employment, the
industrial development of the State, the propagation and protection of terrestrial and marine fauna and flora,
and the protection of physical property and other resources. It is further declared that to secure these
purposes and the enforcement of the provisions of this Act, the Department of Health and Environmental
Control shall have authority to abate, control and prevent pollution.”
2. The classes and standards described in Section G and H of this regulation implement the above State
policy by protecting the waters of South Carolina. Consistent with the above policy, the Department adopts
the following general standards in items 3-17 for all waters of South Carolina.
3. No waters of the State shall be used for the sole or principal purpose of transporting or treating wastes.
4. a. Any discharge into waters of the State must be permitted by the Department and receive a degree of
treatment and/or control which shall produce an effluent which is consistent with the Act, the Clean Water
Act (P.L. 92-500, 95-217, 97-117, 100-4), this regulation, and related regulations. No permit issued by the
Department shall be interpreted as creating any vested right in any person. Additionally, any discharge into
waters of the State containing sanitary wastes shall be effectively disinfected as necessary to meet the
appropriate standards of this regulation. The Department may require best management practices (BMPs)
13 | Regulation 61-68
for control of stormwater runoff as part of the requirements of an NPDES permit, a State construction
permit, or a State 401 Water Quality Certification.
b. When not specifically covered by permit reporting requirements, any unauthorized discharge into
waters of the State which may cause or contribute to an excursion of a water quality standard must be
reported by the responsible party to the Department orally within 24 hours of becoming aware of such
conditions. Further, written notification must be provided to the Department (Bureau of Water) within five
(5) days of becoming aware of such conditions and the written notice must include the following:
(1) A description of the discharge and cause;
(2) The duration of the discharge, including exact dates and times, and if not corrected, the time that
the unauthorized discharge is expected to cease, and what steps are being taken to eliminate, minimize, and
prevent recurrence of the discharge.
5. All ground waters and surface waters of the State shall at all times, regardless of flow, be free from:
a. Sewage, industrial waste, or other waste that will settle to form sludge deposits that are unsightly,
putrescent, or odorous to such degree as to create a nuisance, or interfere with classified water uses or
existing water uses;
b. Floating debris, oil, grease, scum, and other floating material attributable to sewage, industrial waste,
or other waste in amounts sufficient to be unsightly to such a degree as to create a nuisance or interfere with
classified water uses or existing water uses;
c. Sewage, industrial, or other waste which produce taste or odor or change the existing color or physical,
chemical, or biological conditions in the receiving waters or aquifers to such a degree as to create a nuisance,
or interfere with classified water uses (except classified uses within mixing zones as described in this
regulation) or existing water uses; and,
d. High temperature, toxic, corrosive, or deleterious substances attributable to sewage, industrial waste,
or other waste in concentrations or combinations which interfere with classified water uses (except
classified uses within mixing zones as described in this regulation), existing water uses, or which are
harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life.
6. Waters where classified uses are not being attained can be reclassified for protection of an attainable use
and standards designated for that use where:
a. Natural conditions prevent the attainment of the use; or
b. Natural, ephemeral, intermittent, low flow conditions, or water levels prevent the attainment of the
use; or
c. Human caused conditions or sources prevent the attainment of the use and cannot be remedied or
would cause more environmental damage to correct than to leave in place; or
d. Dams, diversions, or other types of hydrologic modifications preclude the attainment of the use, and
it is not feasible to restore the waterbody to its original condition or to operate such modification in a way
that would result in the attainment of the use; or
14 | Regulation 61-68
e. Physical conditions related to the natural features of the water body, such as the lack of a proper
substrate, cover, flow, depth, pools, riffles, and the like, preclude attainment of aquatic life protection uses;
or
f. Controls more stringent than those required by Sections 301(b) and 306 of the Clean Water Act would
result in substantial and widespread economic and social impact.
7. Before the Department may grant a variance for any water of the State, there must be a demonstration
that one of the following factors for reclassifying uses has been satisfied:
a. Natural conditions prevent the attainment of the use; or
b. Natural, ephemeral, intermittent, low flow conditions, or water levels prevent the attainment of the
use; or
c. Human caused conditions or sources prevent the attainment of the use and cannot be remedied or
would cause more environmental damage to correct than to leave in place; or
d. Dams, diversions, or other types of hydrologic modifications preclude the attainment of the use, and
it is not feasible to restore the waterbody to its original condition or to operate such modification in a way
that would result in the attainment of the use; or
e. Physical conditions related to the natural features of the water body, such as the lack of a proper
substrate, cover, flow, depth, pools, riffles, and the like, preclude attainment of aquatic life protection uses;
or
f. Controls more stringent than those required by Sections 301(b) and 306 of the Clean Water Act would
result in adverse social and economic impact, disproportionate to the benefits to the public health, safety or
welfare as a result of maintaining the standard.
8. If the demonstration necessary under Section E.7 above has been satisfied, the Department may then
grant a variance provided the following apply:
a. The variance is granted to an individual discharger for a specific pollutant(s) or parameter(s) and does
not otherwise modify water quality standards; and
b. The variance identifies and justifies the criterion that shall apply during the existence of the variance;
and
c. The variance is established as close to the underlying criterion as is possible and upon expiration of
the variance, the underlying criterion shall become the effective water quality standard for the waterbody;
and
d. The variance is reviewed every three years, at a minimum, and extended only where the conditions for
granting the variance still apply; and
e. The variance does not exempt the discharger from compliance with any applicable technology or other
water quality-based permit effluent limitations; and
f. The variance does not affect permit effluent limitations for other dischargers.
15 | Regulation 61-68
9. Prior to removing any uses or granting a variance, notice and an opportunity for a public hearing shall be
provided.
10. Discharge of fill into waters of the State is not allowed unless the activity is consistent with Department
regulations and will result in enhancement of classified uses with no significant degradation to the aquatic
ecosystem or water quality.
11. In order to protect and maintain lakes and other waters of the State, consideration needs to be given to
the control of nutrients reaching the waters of the State. Therefore, the Department shall control nutrients
as prescribed below.
a. Discharges of nutrients from all sources, including point and nonpoint, to waters of the State shall be
prohibited or limited if the discharge would result in or if the waters experience growths of microscopic or
macroscopic vegetation such that the water quality standards would be violated or the existing or classified
uses of the waters would be impaired. Loading of nutrients shall be addressed on an individual basis as
necessary to ensure compliance with the narrative and numeric criteria.
b. Numeric nutrient criteria for lakes are based on an ecoregional approach which takes into account the
geographic location of the lakes within the State and are listed below. These numeric criteria are applicable
to lakes of 40 acres or more. Lakes of less than 40 acres will continue to be protected by the narrative
criteria.
(1) For the Blue Ridge Mountains ecoregion of the State, total phosphorus shall not exceed 0.02 mg/l,
chlorophyll a shall not exceed 10 ug/l, and total nitrogen shall not exceed 0.35 mg/l.
(2) For the Piedmont and Southeastern Plains ecoregions of the State, total phosphorus shall not
exceed 0.06 mg/l, chlorophyll a shall not exceed 40 ug/l, and total nitrogen shall not exceed 1.50 mg/l.
(3) For the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plains ecoregion of the State, total phosphorus shall not exceed
0.09 mg/l, chlorophyll a shall not exceed 40 ug/l, and total nitrogen shall not exceed 1.50 mg/l.
c. In evaluating the effects of nutrients upon the quality of lakes and other waters of the State, the
Department may consider, but not be limited to, such factors as the hydrology and morphometry of the
waterbody, the existing and projected trophic state, characteristics of the loadings, and other control
mechanisms in order to protect the existing and classified uses of the waters.
d. The Department shall take appropriate action, to include, but not limited to: establishing numeric
effluent limitations in permits, establishing Total Maximum Daily Loads, establishing waste load
allocations, and establishing load allocations for nutrients to ensure that the lakes attain and maintain the
above narrative and numeric criteria and other applicable water quality standards.
e. The criteria specific to lakes shall be applicable to all portions of the lake. For this purpose, the
Department shall define the applicable area to be that area covered when measured at full pool elevation.
12. a. The water temperature of all Freshwaters which are free flowing shall not be increased more than
5oF (2.8°C) above natural temperature conditions and shall not exceed a maximum of 90°F (32.2°C) as a
result of the discharge of heated liquids unless a different site-specific temperature standard as provided for
in C.12. has been established, a mixing zone as provided in C.10. has been established, or a Section 316(a)
determination under the Federal Clean Water Act has been completed.
16 | Regulation 61-68
b. The weekly average water temperature of all Shellfish Harvesting, Class SA and Class SB waters shall
not exceed 4°F (2.2°C) above natural conditions during the fall, winter or spring, and shall not exceed 1.5°F
(0.8°C) above natural conditions during the summer as a result of the discharge of heated liquids unless a
different site-specific temperature standard as provided for in C.12. has been established, a mixing zone as
provided for in C.10 has been established, or a Section 316(a) determination under the Federal Clean Water
Act has been completed.
c. The weekly average water temperature of all Freshwaters which are lakes shall not be increased more
than 5°F (2.8°C) above natural conditions and shall not exceed 90°F (32.2°C) as a result of the discharge
of heated liquids unless a different site-specific temperature standard as provided for in C.12. has been
established, a mixing zone as provided in C.10. has been established, or a Section 316(a) determination
under the Federal Clean Water Act has been completed.
13. Numeric criteria based on organoleptic data (prevention of undesirable taste and odor) are adopted
herein. Those substances and their criteria are listed in the appendix. For those substances which have
aquatic life and/or human health numeric criteria and organoleptic numeric criteria, the most stringent of
the three shall be used for derivation of permit effluent limitations.
14. Numeric criteria for the protection and maintenance of all classes of surface waters are adopted herein
and are listed in Sections E, G, and the appendix. Footnotes that further describe the application of these
numeric criteria are included in the appendix.
a. Application of numeric criteria to protect aquatic life.
(1) The stated CMC value shall be used as an acute toxicity number for calculating permit effluent
limitations.
(2) The stated CCC value shall be used as a chronic toxicity number for calculating permit effluent
limitations.
(3) If metals concentrations for numeric criteria are hardness-dependent, the CMC and CCC
concentrations shall be based on 25 milligrams/liter (mg/l) hardness (as expressed as CaCO3) if the ambient
hardness is less than 25 mg/l. Concentrations of hardness less than 400 mg/l maybe based on the actual
mixed stream hardness if it is greater than 25 mg/l and less than 400 mg/l and 400 mg/l if the ambient
hardness is greater than 400 mg/l.
(4) If separate numeric criteria are given for fresh and salt waters, they shall be applied as appropriate.
In transitional tidal and estuarine areas, the Department shall apply the more stringent of the criteria to
protect the existing and classified uses of the waters of the State.
(5) The Department shall review new or revised EPA criteria for adoption by South Carolina when
published in final form.
(6) If the State develops site-specific criteria for any substances for which EPA has developed
national criteria, the site-specific criteria shall supersede the national criteria.
b. Application of numeric criteria to protect human health.
(1) If separate numeric criteria are given for organism consumption, water and organism consumption
(W/O), and drinking water Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), they shall be applied as appropriate.
17 | Regulation 61-68
The most stringent of the criteria shall be applied to protect the existing and classified uses of the waters of
the State.
(2) The Department shall review new or revised EPA criteria for adoption by South Carolina when
published in final form by EPA.
(3) If the State develops site-specific criteria for any substances for which EPA has developed
national criteria, the site-specific criteria shall supersede the national criteria.
(4) Adoption of EPA human health criteria does not preclude the Department from considering health
effects of other pollutants or from considering new or revised EPA criteria when developing effluent permit
conditions.
c. Application of criteria for the derivation of permit effluent limitations.
(1) Numeric criteria for substances listed in Sections E, G, and the appendix shall be used by the
Department to derive NPDES permit effluent limitations at the applicable critical flow conditions as
determined by the Department unless an exception is provided below.
(2) When the derived permit effluent limitation based on aquatic life numeric criteria is below the
practical quantitation limit for a substance, the derived permit effluent limitation shall include an
accompanying statement in the permit that the practical quantitation limit using approved analytical
methods shall be considered as being in compliance with the limit. Appropriate biological monitoring
requirements shall be incorporated into the permit to determine compliance with appropriate water quality
standards. Additionally, if naturally occurring instream concentration for a substance is higher than the
derived permit effluent limitation, the Department may establish permit effluent limitations at a level higher
than the derived limit, but no higher than the natural background concentration. In such cases, the
Department may require biological instream monitoring and/or WET testing.
(3) When the derived permit effluent limitation based on human health numeric criteria is below the
practical quantitation limit for a substance, the derived permit effluent limitation shall include an
accompanying statement in the permit that the practical quantitation limit using approved analytical
methods shall be considered as being in compliance with the limit. Additionally, if naturally occurring
instream concentration for a substance is higher than the derived permit effluent limitation, the Department
may establish permit effluent limitations at a level higher than the derived limit, but no higher than the
natural background concentration.
(4) NPDES permit effluent limitations for metals shall normally be expressed on the permits as total
recoverable metals, but the Department may utilize a federally- approved methodology to predict the
dissolved fraction, partitioning coefficient, or the bioavailable portion of metals in calculating these limits.
(5) Except as provided herein, where application of MCLs or W/O numeric criteria using annual
average flow for carcinogens, 7Q10 (or 30Q5 if provided by the applicant) for noncarcinogens, or
comparable tidal condition as determined by the Department results in permit effluent limitations more
stringent than limitations derived from other applicable human health (organism consumption only), aquatic
life, or organoleptic numeric values; MCLs or W/O shall be used in establishing permit effluent limitations
for human health protection. The Department may, after Notice of Intent included in a notice of a proposed
NPDES permit in accordance with Regulation 61-9.124.10, determine that drinking water MCLs or W/O
shall not apply to discharges to those waterbodies where there is: no potential to affect an existing or
proposed drinking water source and no state-approved source water protection area. For purposes of this
section, a proposed drinking water source is one for which a complete permit application, including plans
18 | Regulation 61-68
and specifications for the intake, is on file with the Department at the time of consideration of an NPDES
permit application. for a discharge that will affect or has the potential to affect the drinking water source.
(6) Except as provided herein, where the Department may determine that an NPDES permitted
discharge will not cause, have reasonable potential to cause, or contribute to an exceedence of the numeric
criterion for turbidity under the following conditions:
i. The facility withdraws its surface intake water containing turbidity from the same body of water
into which the discharge is made;
ii. The facility does not significantly concentrate or contribute additional turbidity to the discharged
water;
iii. The facility does not alter the turbidity through chemical or physical means that would cause
adverse water quality impacts to occur.
(7) Site-specific permit effluent limitations and alternate criteria less stringent than those derived in
accordance with the above requirements may be derived where it is demonstrated that such limits and
criteria shall maintain the existing and classified uses, adequate opportunity for public participation in such
derivation process has occurred, and the effluent shall not cause criteria for human health to be exceeded.
Where a site- specific permit effluent limitation and alternate criterion has been derived, such derivation
shall be subject to EPA review as appropriate. Also, at a minimum, opportunity for input in derivation of a
site-specific permit effluent limitation and alternate criterion shall be provided via public notice in NPDES
permit notices.
(8) In order to protect recreational uses in freshwaters (including FW, and all types of Trout Waters)
of the State, NPDES permit effluent limitations shall be specified as indicated below:
i. Monthly Average (E. coli) 126 MPN per 100 ml
ii. Daily Maximum (E. coli) 349 MPN per 100 ml (see c(12) below)
iii. Shellfish protection Class SFH requirements for fecal coliform (see c(11)i. and
c(11)ii. below) may be specified (in addition to the limits
above) for the protection of downstream waters
(regardless of their individual classification) with shellfish
uses.
iv. Municipal separate storm
sewer systems
For municipal separate storm sewer systems (as described
in R.61-9.122.26.a.) compliance with the bacterial
standards shall be determined in accordance with c(13)
below.
v. Protection of upstream
and/or downstream waters
Permit limitations may include (in addition to the
requirements listed in c(8)i. and c(8)ii. above) one or more
bacterial limitations for fecal coliform, E. coli and/or
enterococci to protect both uses in the specific receiving
water body and also to protect any upstream and/or
downstream uses that may be required. If more than one
bacterial limit is required, the conditions associated with
each section below shall apply independently regardless
of the water classification at the point of discharge.
19 | Regulation 61-68
vi. Class ORW or ONRW
protection
For Class ORW or ONRW waters, the bacterial
requirements shall be those applicable to the classification
of the waterbody immediately prior to reclassification to
either ORW or ONRW, including consideration of natural
conditions. See G.5 and G.7 for prohibitions.
(9) In order to protect recreational uses in Class SA saltwaters of the State, NPDES permit effluent
limitations shall be specified as indicated below:
i. Monthly Average
(enterococci)
35 MPN per 100 ml
ii. Daily Maximum
(enterococci)
104 MPN per 100 ml (see c(12) below)
iii. Shellfish protection Class SFH requirements for fecal coliform (see c(11)i. and
c(1)ii. below) may be specified (in addition to the limits
above) for the protection of upstream and/or downstream
waters (regardless of
their individual classification) with shellfish uses.
iv. Municipal separate storm
sewer systems
For municipal separate storm sewer systems (as
described in R.61-9.122.26.a.) compliance with the
bacterial standards shall be determined in accordance with
c(13) below.
v. Protection of upstream and/or
downstream waters
Permit limitations may include (in addition to the
requirements listed in c(9)i. and c(9)ii. above) one or more
bacterial limitations for fecal coliform, E. coli and /or
enterococci to protect both uses in the specific receiving
water body and also to protect any upstream or
downstream uses that may be required. If more than one
bacterial limit is required, the conditions associated with
each section above or below shall apply independently
regardless of the water classification at the point of
discharge.
vi. Class ORW or ONRW
protection
For Class ORW or ONRW waters, the bacterial
requirements shall be those applicable to the classification
of the waterbody immediately prior to reclassification to
either ORW or ONRW, including consideration of natural
conditions. See G.5 and G.7 for prohibitions.
(10) In order to protect recreational uses in Class SB saltwaters of the State, NPDES permit effluent
limitations shall be specified as indicated below:
i. Monthly Average
(enterococci)
35 MPN per 100 ml
20 | Regulation 61-68
ii. Daily Maximum
(enterococci)
501 MPN per 100 ml (see c(12) below)
iii. Class SA recreational
daily maximum and/or
shellfish protection
Class SA daily maximum (see c(9)ii. above) recreational
use requirements for enterococci and/or Class SFH
requirements (see c(11)i. and c(11)ii. below) for fecal
coliform may be specified (in addition to the limits above)
for the protection of upstream and/or downstream waters
(regardless of their individual classification).
iv. Municipal separate storm
sewer systems
For municipal separate storm sewer systems (as described
in R.61-9.122.26.a.) compliance with the bacterial
standards shall be determined in accordance with c(13)
below.
v. Protection of upstream
and/or downstream waters
Permit limitations may include (in addition to the
requirements listed in c(10)i. and c(10)ii. above) one or
more bacterial limitations for fecal coliform, E. coli and
/or enterococci to protect both uses in the specific
receiving water body and also to protect any upstream or
downstream uses that may be required. If more than one
bacterial limit is required, the conditions associated with
each section above or below shall apply independently
regardless of the water classification at the point of
discharge.
vi. Class ORW or ONRW
protection
For Class ORW or ONRW waters, the bacterial
requirements shall be those applicable
(11) In order to protect for the consumption of shellfish, for any discharge either directly or indirectly
in Class SFH waters or in Class SA, Class SB, ORW or ONRW waters with existing and/or approved
shellfish harvesting uses as described in Section C.7, including protection of shellfish upstream and/or
downstream uses in all waters regardless of their classification, NPDES permit effluent limitations shall be
specified as indicated below:
i. For protection of shellfish
uses-Monthly Average (Fecal
coliform)
14 MPN per 100 ml
ii. For protection of shellfish
uses- Daily Maximum (Fecal
coliform)
43 MPN per 100 ml (see c(12) below)
iii. For protection of
recreational uses - Monthly
Average (enterococci)
35 MPN per 100 ml
21 | Regulation 61-68
iv. For protection of
recreational uses-Daily
Maximum (enterococci)
104 MPN per 100 ml (see c(12) below)
v. Protection of upstream
and/or downstream waters
Permit limitations may include (in addition to the
requirements listed in c(11)i. through c(11)iv. above) one
or more bacterial limitations for fecal coliform, E. coli and
/or enterococci to protect both uses in the specific
receiving water body and also to protect any upstream or
downstream uses that may be required. If more than one
bacterial limit is required, the conditions associated with
each section above shall apply independently regardless
of the water classification at the point of discharge.
vi. Municipal separate storm
sewer systems
For municipal separate storm sewer systems (as described
in R.61-9.122.26.a.) compliance with the bacterial
standards shall be determined in accordance with c(13)
below.
(12) Provided the permittee verifies in writing to the Department that conditions (12)i. through (12)iv.
below have been met, the permittee would be in compliance with the daily maximum bacterial requirement.
However, nothing in this regulation precludes the Department from taking action, depending on the
individual circumstances to protect public health and/or the environment.
i. If the facility exceeds the permitted Daily Maximum bacterial limitation listed above (for E. coli,
enterococci or fecal coliform) but two (2) additional samples collected within 48 hours of the original
sample result do NOT exceed the required Daily Maximum limit; and
(A) For all waters not involving shellfish protection (regardless of the specific water
classification), the individual bacterial sample result has not exceeded 800 MPN per 100ml, and for those
waters involving shellfish protection, the individual bacterial sample result for fecal coliform has not
exceeded 200 MPN per 100ml; and
(B) There is neither an existing Consent Order nor Administrative Order associated with the
facilities operation of their disinfection system; and
(C) Either:
1. For facilities that routinely collect ten (10) bacterial samples per month (or 120 or more
samples per calendar year), there were no more than four (4) total bacteria samples exceeding the daily
maximum limit in the previous twelve (12 months); or
2. For facilities other than those listed in (C) 1. above (e.g. smaller facilities or those that do
not routinely collect 10 samples or more per month), there was no more than one (1) bacterial sample
exceeding the daily maximum limit in the previous twelve (12 months); and
ii. The permittee verifies that all disinfection equipment was fully functional, and the solids handling
system was fully functional during that monitoring period; and
22 | Regulation 61-68
iii. Any additional bacterial sampling collected during the monthly monitoring period when the
daily maximum exceedance occurred was reasonably distributed in time while maintaining representative
sampling; and
iv. The permittee must provide sufficient laboratory data sensitivity (e.g., dilutions) to accurately
represent the effluent bacterial concentration to utilize this procedure. Effluent bacterial results reported as
greater than (>) do not meet this criteria, since the actual results are unknown.
(13) For waters of the State, where a permit has been issued pursuant to R.61-9.122.26 and R.61-
9.122.34, the Department shall consider the permittee in compliance with the established bacterial (i.e., E.
coli, enterococci, fecal coliform) criteria for recreational uses of the waterbody if the permittee is in
compliance with their permit.
(14) TMDL(s), WLA(s), and LA(s) included in currently approved freshwater fecal coliform TMDL
documents shall be converted to E. coli utilizing a translator equation established by the Department and
shall be based upon existing targets included in approved freshwater fecal coliform bacteria TMDL
documents.
(15) All effluent permit limitations which include WET shall require that the WET tests be conducted
using Ceriodaphnia dubia (C. dubia), except as stated. If the salinity of a discharge to a saline waterbody
is high enough to be toxic to C. dubia, Mysidopsis bahia (M. bahia) shall be used. If the hardness of a
waterbody is low enough to be toxic to C. dubia, then Daphnia ambugua (D. ambigua) may be used. Low
salinity discharges to saltwater may be tested using either C.dubia or M. bahia with salinity adjustment, as
determined by the Department. The Department may consider an alternative species if it can be
demonstrated that the proposed species meets the requirements of 40 CFR 136.4 and 5., as approved by
EPA. EPA test methods (40 CFR 136) for acute and chronic toxicity testing with freshwater organisms or
marine and estuarine organisms must be followed. The Department may consider an alternative method if
it can be demonstrated that the proposed method meets the requirements of 40 CFR 136, and is approved
by EPA.
d. Evaluation of ambient water quality.
(1) If the numeric criterion for toxic pollutants is lower than the analytical detection limit, the
criterion is not considered violated if the ambient concentration is below the detection limit and the instream
indigenous biological community is not adversely impacted.
(2) If the ambient concentration is higher than the numeric criterion for toxic pollutants, the criterion
is not considered violated if biological monitoring has demonstrated that the instream indigenous biological
community is not adversely impacted.
(3) In order to appropriately evaluate the ambient water quality for the bioavailability of the dissolved
portion of hardness dependent metals, the Department may utilize a federally- approved methodology to
predict the dissolved fraction or partitioning coefficient in determining compliance with water quality
standards established in this regulation.
(4) The assessment of fecal coliform for purposes of evaluating the shellfish harvesting use for South
Carolina’s Shellfish Management Units is conducted in accordance with provisions of S.C. Regulation 61-
47, Shellfish. R.61-47 also includes specific language describing the use of the allowable 10% exceedence
value in the shellfish program.
23 | Regulation 61-68
(5) The assessment of enterococci for purposes of issuing swimming advisories for ocean beaches
for recreational use will be based on the single sample maximum of 104/100 ml.
(6) The assessment of enterococci and E. coli for purposes of Section 303(d) listing determinations
for recreational uses shall be based on the geometric mean with an allowable 10% exceedance, where
sufficient data exists to calculate a geometric mean. In the absence of sufficient data to calculate a
geometric mean, the assessment shall be based on the single sample maximum with an allowable 10%
exceedance.
15. The Department may require biological or other monitoring in NPDES permits to further ascertain any
bioaccumulative effects of pollutants. Such monitoring may include analyses of fish and shellfish,
macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, and/or sediments in order to assess the accumulation of pollutants in
tissues or sediments that:
a. May cause or have the potential to cause adverse impacts to the balanced indigenous aquatic
community; and
b. May cause or have the potential to cause adverse impacts to human health and/or terrestrial flora and
fauna.
16. The Department may consider other scientifically-defensible published data which are appropriate for
use in developing permit limits and evaluating water quality for constituents for which EPA has not
developed national criteria or South Carolina has no standards.
a. The Department shall apply a sensitivity factor to aquatic toxicity data unless, in the Department’s
judgment, the data represent a minimum of three appropriately sensitive species representing three
taxonomic groups (plant, macroinvertebrate, and fish).
(1) If only an acute toxicity effect concentration for a number of species for a particular pollutant is
given as an LC50, the lowest concentration should be divided by an acute-to- chronic ratio (ACR) of 10 and
a sensitivity factor of 3.3, for an acceptable instream concentration in order to protect against chronic
toxicity effects.
(2) If a chronic toxicity effect concentration for a number of species for a particular pollutant is given
as a no observed effect concentration (NOEC), the lowest concentration should be divided by a sensitivity
factor of 3.3 in order to protect against chronic toxicity to the most sensitive species.
b. The Department must notify the permittee that other such data were used in developing permit limits
and provide justification for their use.
17. Tests or analytical methods to determine compliance or non-compliance with standards shall be made
in accordance with methods and procedures approved by the Department and the EPA. In making any tests
or applying analytical methods to determine compliance or non- compliance with water quality standards,
representative samples shall be collected in accordance with methods and procedures approved by the
Department and the EPA. Consideration of representative sample methods shall include the following:
a. Surface water and ground water samples shall be collected so as to permit a realistic appraisal of quality
and actual or potential damage to existing or classified water uses. For ground waters, consideration shall
be given to, but shall not be limited to, depth to water table, flow direction, and velocity. For surface waters,
time of day, flow, surface area, and depth shall be considered.
24 | Regulation 61-68
b. Biological assessment methods may be employed in appropriate situations to determine abnormal
nutrient enrichment, trophic condition, LC50, concentration of toxic substances, acceptable instream
concentrations, or acceptable effluent concentrations for maintenance of a balanced indigenous aquatic
community.
c. Temporal distribution of samples in tidally influenced waters shall cover the full range of tidal
conditions.
d. Ambient toxicity tests used for screening purposes shall be conducted using Ceriodaphnia dubia (C.
dubia), except as stated. If salinity of a waterbody is high enough to be toxic to C. dubia, Mysidopsis bahia
(M. bahia) will be used. If the hardness of a waterbody is low enough to be toxic to C. dubia, then Daphnia
ambigua (D. ambigua) may be used. The Department may consider an alternative species if it can be
demonstrated that the proposed species meets the requirements of 40 CFR.136.4 and 5, as approved by
EPA. EPA test methods (40 CFR Part 136) for acute and chronic toxicity testing with freshwater organisms
or marine and estuarine organisms must be followed. The Department may consider an alternative method
if it can be demonstrated that the proposed method meets the requirements of 40 CFR.136, and is approved
by EPA.
18. For the protection of human health, methylmercury concentration in fish or shellfish shall not exceed
0.3 mg/kg in wet weight of edible tissue.
a. NPDES permit implementation for methylmercury will require mercury monitoring, assessment and
minimization for discharges that meet the following conditions;
(1) The receiving stream is impaired for methylmercury in fish or shellfish tissue, and;
(2) The discharge or proposed discharge has consistently quantifiable levels of mercury.
b. The need for a total mercury effluent limit, for the protection of aquatic life and/or human health,
pursuant to R.61-9.122.44(d), shall be based on a reasonable potential analysis of the discharge compared
to the mercury standards for ambient waters.
19. The assessment of methylmercury in fish or shellfish for purposes of Section 303(d) listing
determinations shall be based on the Department’s Fish Consumption Advisories.
F. NARRATIVE BIOLOGICAL CRITERIA.
1. Narrative biological criteria are contained in this regulation and are described throughout the sections
where applicable. The following are general statements regarding these narrative biological criteria.
a. Narrative biological criteria in Section A.4. describe the goals of the Department to maintain and
improve all surface waters to a level that provides for the survival and propagation of a balanced indigenous
aquatic community of fauna and flora. These narrative criteria are determined by the Department based on
the condition of the waters of the State by measurements of physical, chemical, and biological
characteristics of the waters according to their classified uses.
b. Section C.10. describes narrative biological criteria relative to surface water mixing zones and
specifies requirements necessary for the protection and propagation of a balanced indigenous aquatic
community.
25 | Regulation 61-68
c. Narrative biological criteria shall be consistent with the objective of maintaining and improving all
surface waters to a level that provides for the survival and propagation of a balanced indigenous aquatic
community of fauna and flora attainable in waters of the State; and in all cases shall protect against
degradation of the highest existing or classified uses or biological conditions in compliance with the
antidegradation rules contained in this regulation. Section D.1.a. describes narrative biological criteria
relative to activities in Outstanding National Resource Waters, Outstanding Resource Waters and Shellfish
Harvesting Waters.
d. In order to determine the biological quality of the waters of the State, it is necessary that the biological
component be assessed by comparison to a reference condition(s) based upon similar hydrologic and
watershed characteristics that represent the optimum natural condition for that system. Such reference
condition(s) or reaches of waterbodies shall be those observed to support the greatest variety and abundance
of aquatic life in the region as is expected to be or would be with a minimal amount of disturbance from
anthropogenic sources. Impacts from urbanization and agriculture should be minimal and natural vegetation
should dominate the land cover. There should also be an appropriate diversity of substrate. Reference
condition(s) shall be determined by consistent sampling and reliable measures of selected indicative
communities of flora and fauna as established by the Department and may be used in conjunction with
acceptable physical, chemical, and microbial water quality measurements and records judged to be
appropriate for this purpose. Narrative biological criteria relative to activities in all waters are described in
Section E.
e. In the Class Descriptions, Designations, and Specific Standards for Surface Waters Section, all water
use classifications protect for a balanced indigenous aquatic community of fauna and flora. In addition,
Trout Natural and Trout Put, Grow, and Take classifications protect for reproducing trout populations and
stocked trout populations, respectively.
2. [Reserved].
G. CLASS DESCRIPTIONS, DESIGNATIONS, AND SPECIFIC STANDARDS FOR SURFACE
WATERS.
1. All surface waters of the State, except as discussed in Section C., shall be identified within one of the
classes described below. The Department may determine in accordance with Section 312 of the Clean Water
Act that for some waterbodies (or portions of waterbodies), the designation of No Discharge Zone (NDZ)
for Marine Sanitation Devices (MSDs) shall be enacted with application of the existing classified standards
of the waterbody. Those waters classified by name shall be listed in Regulation 61-69 along with the NDZ
designation, if applicable.
2. Where a surface water body is tributary to waters of a higher class, the quality of the water in the tributary
shall be protected to maintain the standards of the higher classified receiving water.
3. For items not listed in each class, criteria published pursuant to Sections 304(a) and 307(a) of the Federal
Clean Water Act or other documents shall be used as guides to determine conditions which protect water
uses. Many of these criteria are listed in the appendix to this regulation. For consideration of natural
conditions, refer to Sections: C.9., D.4., E.12., E.14.c.(2), E.14.c.(3), F.4.d., G.4., G.6., and G.9. For the
following numeric criteria for turbidity (with the exception of Outstanding National Resource Waters,
Outstanding Resource Waters, Trout waters, and Shellfish Harvesting Waters), compliance with these
turbidity criteria may be considered to be met as long as the waterbody supports a balanced indigenous
aquatic community when land management activities employ Best Management Practices (BMPs). For
consideration, BMPs must be in full compliance with all specifications governing the proper design,
26 | Regulation 61-68
installation, operation and maintenance of such BMPs and all applicable permit conditions and
requirements must be met.
4. Outstanding National Resource Waters (ONRW) are freshwaters or saltwaters which constitute an
outstanding national recreational or ecological resource.
Quality Standards for Outstanding National Resource Waters
ITEMS STANDARDS
a. Color, dissolved
oxygen, fecal coliform
enterococci, E. coli, pH,
temperature, turbidity, and
other parameters.
Water quality conditions shall be maintained and
protected to the extent of the Department’s statutory
authority. Numeric and narrative criteria for Class ONRW
shall be those applicable to the classification of the
waterbody immediately prior to reclassification to Class
ONRW, including consideration of natural conditions.
5. In order to maintain the existing quality of Class ONRW waters the following additional standards apply:
ITEMS STANDARDS
a. Discharge from
domestic, industrial, or
agricultural waste treatment
facilities; aquaculture; open
water dredged spoil disposal.
None allowed.
b. Stormwater, and other
nonpoint source runoff,
including that from
agricultural uses, or permitted
discharge from aquatic farms,
concentrated aquatic animal
production facilities, and
uncontaminated groundwater
from mining.
None allowed.
c. Dumping or disposal of
garbage, cinders, ashes, oils,
sludge, or other refuse.
None allowed.
d. Activities or discharges
from waste treatment facilities
in waters upstream or
tributary to ONRW waters.
Allowed if there shall be no measurable impact on the
downstream ONRW consistent with antidegradation rules.
6. Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW) are freshwaters or saltwaters which constitute an outstanding
recreational or ecological resource or those freshwaters suitable as a source for drinking water supply
purposes with treatment levels specified by the Department.
27 | Regulation 61-68
Quality Standards for Outstanding Resource Waters
ITEMS STANDARDS
a. Color, dissolved Water quality conditions shall be maintained and
oxygen, fecal coliform protected to the extent of the Department’s statutory
enterococci, E. coli, pH, authority. Numeric and narrative criteria for Class
temperature, turbidity, ORW shall be those applicable to the classification of
and other parameters. the waterbody immediately prior to reclassification to
Class ORW, including consideration of natural
conditions.
7. In order to maintain the existing quality of Class ORW waters the following additional standards apply:
ITEMS STANDARDS
a. Discharge from
domestic, industrial,
agricultural waste treatment
facilities; aquaculture; open
water dredged spoil
disposal.
None allowed.
b. Stormwater, and other
nonpoint source runoff,
including that from
agricultural uses, or
permitted discharge from
aquatic farms, concentrated
aquatic animal production
facilities, and
uncontaminated
groundwater from mining.
Allowed if water quality necessary for existing and
classified uses shall be maintained and protected consistent
with antidegradation rules.
c. Dumping or disposal of
garbage, cinders, ashes,
oils, sludge, or other refuse.
None allowed.
d. Activities or discharges
from waste treatment
facilities in waters upstream
or tributary to ORW waters.
Allowed if water quality necessary for existing and
classified uses shall be maintained and protected consistent
with antidegradation rules.
8. Trout Waters. The State recognizes three types of trout waters: Natural; Put, Grow, and Take; and Put
and Take.
a. Natural (TN) are freshwaters suitable for supporting reproducing trout populations and a cold water
balanced indigenous aquatic community of fauna and flora. Also suitable for primary and secondary contact
recreation and as a source for drinking water supply after conventional treatment in accordance with the
requirements of the Department. Suitable for fishing and the survival and propagation of a balanced
indigenous aquatic community of fauna and flora. Suitable also for industrial and agricultural uses.
28 | Regulation 61-68
b. Put, Grow, and Take (TPGT) are freshwaters suitable for supporting growth of stocked trout
populations and a balanced indigenous aquatic community of fauna and flora. Also suitable for primary and
secondary contact recreation and as a source for drinking water supply after conventional treatment in
accordance with the requirements of the Department. Suitable for fishing and the survival and propagation
of a balanced indigenous aquatic community of fauna and flora. Suitable also for industrial and agricultural
uses.
c. Put and Take (TPT) are freshwaters suitable for primary and secondary contact recreation and as a
source for drinking water supply after conventional treatment in accordance with the requirements of the
Department. Suitable for fishing and the survival and propagation of a balanced indigenous aquatic
community of fauna and flora. Suitable also for industrial and agricultural uses. The standards of
Freshwaters classification protect these uses.
9. The standards below protect the uses of Natural and Put, Grow, and Take trout waters.
Quality Standards for Trout Waters
ITEMS STANDARDS
a. Garbage, cinders,
ashes, oils, sludge, or
other refuse
None allowed.
b. Treated wastes, toxic
wastes, deleterious
substances, colored or
other wastes except those
given in a. above.
None alone or in combination with other substances or
wastes in sufficient amounts to be injurious to reproducing
trout populations in natural waters or stocked populations in
put, grow, and take waters or in any manner adversely
affecting the taste, color, odor, or sanitary condition thereof
or impairing the waters for any other best usage as
determined for the specific waters which are assigned to this
class.
c. Toxic pollutants listed
in the appendix.
As prescribed in Section E of this regulation.
d. Stormwater, and other
nonpoint source runoff,
including that from
agricultural uses, or
permitted discharge from
aquatic farms,
concentrated aquatic
animal production
facilities, and
uncontaminated
groundwater from
mining.
Allowed if water quality necessary for existing and
classified uses shall be maintained and protected consistent
with antidegradation rules.
e. Dissolved oxygen. Not less than 6 mg/l.
f. E. coli Not to exceed a geometric mean of 126/100 ml based on at
least four samples collected from a given sampling site over
a 30 day period, nor shall a single sample maximum exceed
349/100 ml.
29 | Regulation 61-68
g. pH. Between 6.0 and 8.0.
h. Temperature. Not to vary from levels existing under natural
conditions, unless determined that some other
temperature shall protect the classified uses.
i. Turbidity. Not to exceed 10 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTUs) or
10% above natural conditions, provided uses are
maintained.
10. Freshwaters (FW) are freshwaters suitable for primary and secondary contact recreation and as a
source for drinking water supply after conventional treatment in accordance with the requirements of the
Department. Suitable for fishing and the survival and propagation of a balanced indigenous aquatic
community of fauna and flora. Suitable also for industrial and agricultural uses.
Quality Standards for Freshwaters
ITEMS STANDARDS
a. Garbage, cinders,
ashes, oils, sludge, or
other refuse
None allowed.
b. Treated wastes, toxic
wastes, deleterious
substances, colored or
other wastes except those
given in a. above.
None alone or in combination with other substances or
wastes in sufficient amounts to make the waters unsafe or
unsuitable for primary contact recreation or to impair the
waters for any other best usage as determined for the
specific waters which are assigned to this class.
c. Toxic pollutants listed
in the appendix.
As prescribed in Section E of this regulation.
d. Stormwater, and other
nonpoint source runoff,
including that from
agricultural uses, or
permitted discharge from
aquatic farms,
concentrated aquatic
animal production
facilities, and
uncontaminated
groundwater from
mining.
Allowed if water quality necessary for existing and
classified uses shall be maintained and protected consistent
with antidegradation rules.
e. Dissolved oxygen. Daily average not less than 5.0 mg/l with a low of 4.0
mg/1.
f. E. coli Not to exceed a geometric mean of 126/100 ml based on at
least four samples collected from a given sampling site over
a 30 day period, nor shall a single sample maximum exceed
349/100 ml.
g. pH. Between 6.0 and 8.5.
h. Temperature. As prescribed in E.12. of this regulation.
30 | Regulation 61-68
i. Turbidity.
Except for Lakes.
Lakes only.
Not to exceed 50 NTUs provided existing uses are
maintained.
Not to exceed 25 NTUs provided existing uses are
maintained.
11. Shellfish Harvesting Waters (SFH) are tidal saltwaters protected for shellfish harvesting and uses
listed in Class SA and Class SB. Suitable for primary and secondary contact recreation, crabbing, and
fishing. Also suitable for the survival and propagation of a balanced indigenous aquatic community of
marine fauna and flora.
Quality Standards for Shellfish Harvesting Waters
ITEMS STANDARDS
a. Garbage, cinders,
ashes, oils, sludge, or
other refuse
None allowed.
b. Treated wastes, toxic
wastes, deleterious
substances, colored or
other wastes except those
given in a. above.
None alone or in combination with other substances or
wastes in sufficient amounts to adversely affect the taste,
color, odor, or sanitary condition of clams, mussels, or
oysters for human consumption; or to impair the waters for
any best usage as determined for the specific waters which
are assigned to this class.
c. Toxic pollutants listed
in the appendix.
As prescribed in Section E of this regulation.
d. Stormwater, and other
nonpoint source runoff,
including that from
agricultural uses, or
permitted discharge from
aquatic farms, and
concentrated aquatic
animal production
facilities.
Allowed if water quality necessary for existing and
classified uses shall be maintained and protected consistent
with antidegradation rules.
e. Dissolved oxygen. Daily average not less than 5.0 mg/l with a low of 4
mg/l.
f. Fecal coliform. Not to exceed an MPN fecal coliform geometric mean of
14/100 ml; nor shall the samples exceed an MPN
of 43/100 ml.
g. Enterococci. Not to exceed a geometric mean of 35/100 ml based on at
least four samples collected from a given sampling site over
a 30 day period; nor shall a single sample maximum exceed
104/100 ml. Additionally, for beach monitoring and
notification activities for CWA Section 406 only, samples
shall not exceed a single sample maximum of 104/100 ml.
31 | Regulation 61-68
h. pH. Shall not vary more than 3/10 of a pH unit above or below
that of effluent-free waters in the same geological area
having a similar total alkalinity and temperature, but not
lower than 6.5 or above 8.5.
i. Temperature. As prescribed in E.12. of this regulation.
j. Turbidity. Not to exceed 25 (NTUs) provided existing uses are
maintained.
k. The Department may designate prohibited areas where shellfish harvesting for market purposes or
human consumption shall not be allowed, consistent with the antidegradation rule, Section D.1.a. of this
regulation.
12. Class SA are tidal saltwaters suitable for primary and secondary contact recreation, crabbing, and
fishing, except harvesting of clams, mussels, or oysters for market purposes or human consumption and
uses listed in Class SB. Also suitable for the survival and propagation of a balanced indigenous aquatic
community of marine fauna and flora.
Quality Standards for Class SA Waters
ITEMS STANDARDS
a. Garbage, cinders,
ashes, oils, sludge, or
other refuse.
None allowed.
b. Treated wastes, toxic
wastes, deleterious
substances, colored or other
wastes except those given
in a. above.
None alone or in combination with other substances or
wastes in sufficient amounts to make the waters unsafe or
unsuitable for primary contact recreation or to impair the
waters for any other best usage as determined for the
specific waters which are assigned to this class.
c. Toxic pollutants listed
in the appendix.
As prescribed in Section E of this regulation.
d. Stormwater, and other
nonpoint source runoff,
including that from
agricultural uses, or
permitted discharge from
aquatic farms, and
concentrated aquatic
animal production
facilities.
Allowed if water quality necessary for existing and
classified uses shall be maintained and protected consistent
with antidegradation rules.
e. Dissolved oxygen. Daily average not less than 5.0 mg/1 with a low of
4.0 mg/1.
32 | Regulation 61-68
f. Enterococci. Not to exceed a geometric mean of 35/100 ml based on at
least four samples collected from a given sampling site over
a 30 day period; nor shall a single sample maximum exceed
104/100 ml. Additionally, for beach monitoring and
notification activities for CWA Section 406 only, samples
shall not exceed a single sample maximum of 104/100 ml.
g. pH. Shall not vary more than one-half of a pH unit above
or below that of effluent-free waters in the same
geological area having a similar total salinity, alkalinity and
temperature, but not lower than 6.5 or above 8.5.
h. Temperature. As prescribed in E.12. of this regulation.
i. Turbidity. Not to exceed 25 NTUs provided existing uses are
maintained.
j. The Department shall protect existing shellfish harvesting uses found in Class SA waters consistent
with the antidegradation rule, Section D.1.a. of this regulation and shall establish permit limits in
accordance with Section E.14.c(8), (9), (10), and (11) and Section G.11.f. of this regulation.
13. Class SB are tidal saltwaters suitable for primary and secondary contact recreation, crabbing, and
fishing, except harvesting of clams, mussels, or oysters for market purposes or human consumption or
human consumption. Also suitable for the survival and propagation of a balanced indigenous aquatic
community of marine fauna and flora.
Quality Standards for Class SB Waters
ITEMS STANDARDS
a. Garbage, cinders,
ashes, oils, sludge, or
other refuse
None allowed.
b. Treated wastes, toxic
wastes, deleterious
substances, colored or other
wastes except those given
in a. above.
None alone or in combination with other substances or
wastes in sufficient amounts to make the waters unsafe or
unsuitable for primary contact recreation or to impair the
waters for any other best usage as determined for the
specific waters which are assigned to this class.
c. Toxic pollutants listed
in the appendix.
As prescribed in Section E of this regulation.
d. Stormwater, and other
nonpoint source runoff,
including that from
agricultural uses, or
permitted discharge from
aquatic farms, and
concentrated aquatic
animal production
facilities.
Allowed if water quality necessary for existing and
classified uses shall be maintained and protected consistent
with antidegradation rules.
33 | Regulation 61-68
e. Dissolved oxygen. Not less than 4.0 mg/1.
f. Enterococci. Not to exceed a geometric mean of 35/100 ml based on at
least four samples collected from a given sampling site over
a 30 day period; nor shall a single sample maximum exceed
501/100 ml. Additionally, for beach monitoring and
notification activities for CWA Section 406 only, samples
shall not exceed a single sample maximum of 501/100 ml.
g. pH. Shall not vary more than one-half of a pH unit above or
below that of effluent-free waters in the same geological
area having a similar total salinity, alkalinity and
temperature, but not lower than 6.5 or above 8.5.
h. Temperature. As prescribed in E.12. of this regulation.
i. Turbidity. Not to exceed 25 NTUs provided existing uses are
maintained.
j. The Department shall protect existing shellfish harvesting uses found in Class SB waters consistent
with the antidegradation rule, Section D.1.a. of this regulation and shall establish permit limits in
accordance with Section E.14.c(8), (9), (10), and (11) and Section G.11.f. of this regulation.
H. CLASS DESCRIPTIONS AND SPECIFIC STANDARDS FOR GROUND WATERS.
1. All ground waters of the State, except within mixing zones, shall be identified within one of the classes
described below.
2. It is the policy of the Department to maintain the quality of ground water consistent with the highest
potential uses. Most South Carolina ground water is presently suitable for drinking water without treatment
and the State relies heavily upon ground water for drinking water. For this reason, all South Carolina ground
water is classified Class GB effective on June 28, 1985.
3. The Department recognizes that Class GB may not be suitable for some ground water. Class GA is
established for exceptionally valuable ground water and Class GC is established for ground water with little
potential as an underground source of drinking water.
4. In keeping with this policy the Department declares that effective June 28, 1985, all ground waters of the
State shall be protected to a quality consistent with the use associated with the classes described herein.
Further, the Department may require the owner or operator of a contaminated site to restore the ground
water quality to a level that maintains and supports the existing and classified uses (except classified uses
within mixing zones, as described in this regulation). For purposes of this section, the term operator means
any person in control of, or having responsibility for, the operation of on-site activities or property and
owner means a person or a previous person who has assumed legal ownership of a property through the
provisions of a contract of sale or other legally binding transfer of ownership. The term owner also means
any person who owned, operated, or otherwise controlled activities at such site before the title or control of
which was conveyed to a unit of State or local government due to bankruptcy, foreclosure, tax delinquency,
abandonment, or similar means. However, nothing in this section shall be construed to supersede specific
statutory or regulatory provision that relieves owners or operators of certain contaminated sites from
liability for restoration of groundwater, including, without limitation, S.C. Code '44-2-80 (b) and (c). The
term does not include a unit of State or local government which acquired ownership or control involuntarily
through bankruptcy, tax delinquency, abandonment, or other circumstances in which the government
involuntarily acquires title by virtue of its function as sovereign. The exclusion provided under this
34 | Regulation 61-68
paragraph shall not apply to any State or local government which has caused or contributed to the release
or threatened release of a contaminant from the site, and such a State or local government shall be subject
to these provisions in the same manner and to the same extent, both procedurally and substantively, as any
nongovernmental entity.
5. A ground water monitoring program approved by the Department may be required for any existing or
proposed disposal system or other activities to determine the ground water quality affected by such systems
or activities. Such monitoring program may be required through the Department’s permitting and
certification programs.
6. Those ground waters which are classified Class GA or Class GC after petition and proper administrative
procedures other than Class GB shall be described by location and listed in Regulation 61-69.
7. Class GA are those ground waters that are highly vulnerable to contamination because of the hydrological
characteristics of the areas under which they occur and that are also characterized by either of the following
two factors:
a. Irreplaceable, in that no reasonable alternative source of drinking water is available to substantial
populations; or
b. Ecologically vital, in that the ground water provides the base flow for a particularly sensitive ecological
system that, if polluted, would destroy a unique habitat.
8. The standards below protect these ground waters:
Quality Standards for Class GA Ground Waters
ITEMS STANDARDS
a. Treated wastes, toxic
wastes, deleterious
substances, or constituents
thereof.
None allowed.
9. Class GB. All ground waters of the State, unless classified otherwise, which meet the definition of
underground sources of drinking water (USDW) as defined in Section B.
Quality Standards for Class GB Ground Waters
ITEMS STANDARDS
a. Inorganic chemicals. Maximum contaminated levels as set forth in R.61-
58, State Primary Drinking Water Regulations.
b. Organic chemicals. Maximum contaminated levels as set forth in R.61-
58, State Primary Drinking Water Regulations.
c. Man-made radionuclides,
priority pollutant volatile
organic compounds,
herbicides, polychlorinated
biphenyls, and other synthetic
organic compounds not
specified above, treated
wastes, thermal wastes,
Not to exceed concentrations or amounts such as to
interfere with the use actual or intended, as determined by
the Department.
35 | Regulation 61-68
colored wastes or other wastes
of constituents thereof.
10. Class GC are those ground waters not considered potential sources of drinking water and of limited
beneficial use, i.e., ground waters that exceed a concentration of 10,000 mg/l total dissolved solids or are
otherwise contaminated beyond levels that allow cleanup using methods reasonably employed in public
water system treatment. These ground waters also must not migrate to Class GA or Class GB ground waters
or have a discharge to surface water that could cause degradation.
Quality Standards for Class GC Ground Waters
ITEMS STANDARDS
a. Treated wastes, toxic
wastes, deleterious
substances, or constituents
thereof.
None which interfere with any existing use of an
underground source of drinking water.
I. SEVERABILITY.
Should any section, paragraph, or other part of this regulation be declared invalid for any reason, the
remainder shall not be affected.
36 | Regulation 61-68
APPENDIX: WATER QUALITY NUMERIC CRITERIA FOR THE PROTECTION OF AQUATIC LIFE AND HUMAN HEALTH
This appendix contains three charts (priority pollutants, nonpriority pollutants, and organoleptic effects) of numeric criteria for the protection of human health and aquatic
life. The appendix also contains three attachments which address hardness conversions and application of ammonia criteria. Footnotes specific to each chart follow the
chart. General footnotes pertaining to all are at the end of the charts prior to the attachments. The numeric criteria developed and published by EPA are hereby incorporated
into this regulation. Please refer to the text of the regulation for other general information and specifications in applying these numeric criteria.
PRIORITY TOXIC POLLUTANTS
Priority Pollutant
CAS
Number
Freshwater Aquatic Life
Saltwater Aquatic Life
Human Health
FR Cite/
Source
CMC
(µg/L)
CCC
(µg/L)
CMC
(µg/L)
CCC
(µg/L)
For Consumption of:
Water & Organism
Organism Only (µg/L) (µg/L)
MCL
(µg/L)
1
Antimony
7440360
5.6 B, ee
640 B, ee
6 ee
65FR66443
SDWA
2
Arsenic
7440382
340 A, D, K
150 A, D, K
69 A, D, Y
36 A, D, Y
10 C
10 C
10 C
65FR31682
57FR60848
SDWA
3
Beryllium
7440417
J, ee
J, ee
4 ee
65FR31682
SDWA
4
Cadmium
7440439
0.53 D, E, K
0.10 D, E, K
43 D, Y
9.3 D, Y
J, ee
J, ee 5 ee
65FR31682
SDWA
5a
Chromium III
16065831
580 D, E, K
28 D, E, K
J, ee
J, ee
100 Total
ee
EPA820/B-96-001
65FR31682 SDWA
5b
Chromium VI
18540299
16 D, K
11 D, K
1,100 D, Y
50 D, Y
J, ee
J, ee
100 Total
ee
65FR31682
SDWA
6
Copper
7440508 3.8
D, E, K, Z, ll 2.9 D, E, K, Z, ll
5.8 D, Z, Y, cc
3.7 D, Z, Y, cc
1,300 T, ee
65FR31682
7
Lead
7439921
14
D, E, Y
0.54
D, E, Y
220
D, Y
8.5
D, Y
65FR31682
8
Mercury
7439976
1.6 D, K, dd
0.91 D, K, dd
2.1 D, bb, dd
1.1 D, bb, dd
0.050 B, ee
0.051 B, ee
2 ee
65FR31682
SDWA
37 | Regulation 61-68
9
Nickel
7440020
150 D, E, K
16 D, E, K
75 D, Y
8.3 D, Y
610 B, ee
4, 600 B, ee
65FR31682
10
Selenium
7782492
L, Q, S 5.0 S
290 D, aa
71 D, aa
170 4,200 Z, ee ee
50 ee
65FR31682
65FR66443
SDWA
11
Silver
7440224
0.37 D, E, G
2.3 D, G
65FR31682
12
Thallium
7440280
0.24 0.47 2
ee
68FR75510
SDWA
13
Zinc
7440666
37 D, E, K
37 D, E, K
95 D, Y
86 D, Y
7,400 T, ee
26,000 T, ee
65FR31682 65FR66443
14
Cyanide
57125
22 K, P
5.2 K, P
1 P, Y
1 P, Y
140 140 ee, jj ee, jj
200 ee
EPA820/B-96-001
57FR60848
68FR75510
SDWA
15
Asbestos
1332214
7 million fibers/L I, ee
57FR60848
16
2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD (Dioxin)
1746016
0.046 ppq
O, C
30ppq O, C
State Standard
SDWA
17
Acrolein
107028
3
3
6 ee, nn
9 ee, nn
74FR27535 74FR46587
18
Acrylonitrile
107131
0.051 B, C
0.25 B, C
65FR66443
19
Benzene
71432
2.2
B, C
51
B, C
5
C
IRIS 01/19/00
65FR66443 SDWA
20
Bromate
15541454
10 C
SDWA
21
Bromoform
75252
4.3 140 B, C B, C
80 Total THMs C
65FR66443 SDWA
22
Bromoacetic acid
79083
60 Total HAA5 C,mm
SDWA
23
Carbon Tetrachloride
56235
0.23 1.6 B, C B, C
5 C
65FR66443 SDWA
24
Chlorite
67481
100
SDWA
38 | Regulation 61-68
25
Chlorobenzene
108907
130T, ee 1,600
T, ee
100 T, ee
68FR75510
SDWA
26
Chlorodibromomethane
124481
0.40 B, C
13 B, C
80 Total THMs C
65FR66443
SDWA
27
Chloroform
67663
5.7 B, C, hh
470 B, C, hh
80 Total THMs C
62FR42160
SDWA
28
Dibromoacetic acid
631641
60 Total HAA5 C, mm
SDWA
29
Dichloroacetic acid
79436
60 Total HAA5 C,mm
SDWA
30
Dichlorobromomethane
75274
0.55 17 B, C B, C
80 Total THMs C
65FR66443
SDWA
31
1, 2-Dichloroethane
107062
0.38 B, C
37 B, C
5 C
65FR66443
SDWA
32
1, 1-Dichloroethylene
75354
330
ee
7,100
ee
7
C
68FR75510
SDWA
33
1, 2-Dichloropropane
78875
0.50
B, C
15
B, C
5
C
65FR66443
SDWA
34
1, 3-Dichloropropene
542756
0.34
ee
21
ee
68FR75510
35
Ethylbenzene
100414
530 2,100 ee ee
700 ee
68FR75510
SDWA
36
Methyl Bromide
74839
47 B, ee
1,500 B, ee
65FR66443
37
Methylene Chloride
75092
4.6 590 B, C B, C
5 C
65FR66443
SDWA
38
Monochloroacetic acid
79118
60 Total HAA5 C,mm
SDWA
39
1, 1, 2, Tetrachloroethane
2-
79345
0.17 B, C
4.0 B, C
65FR66443
39 | Regulation 61-68
40
Tetrachloroethylene
127184
0.69 3.3 C C
5 C
65FR66443
SDWA
41
Toluene
108883
1,300 ee
15,000 ee
1000 ee
68FR75510
SDWA
42
1,2-Trans-
Dichloroethylene
156605
140 ee
10,000 ee
100 ee
68FR75510
SDWA
43
Trichloroacetic acid
79039
60 Total HAA5 C,mm
SDWA
44
1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane
71556
J, ee
J, ee 200 ee
65FR31682
SDWA
45
1, 1, 2-Trichloroethane
79005
0.59 B, C
16 B, C
5 C
65FR66443
SDWA
46
Trichloroethylene
79016
2.5 C
30 C
5 C
65FR66443
SDWA
47
Vinyl Chloride
75014
0.025 kk
2.4 kk
2 C
68FR75510
SDWA
48
2-Chlorophenol
95578
81 B, T, ee
150 B, T, ee
65FR66443
49
2, 4-Dichlorophenol
120832
77 B, T, ee
290 B, T, ee
65FR66443
50
2, 4-Dimethylphenol
105679
380 B, T, ee
850 B, T, ee
65FR66443
51
2-Methyl-
Dinitrophenol
4,
6-
534521
13 ee
280 ee
65FR66443
52
2, 4-Dinitrophenol
51285
69 B, ee
5,300 B, ee
65FR66443
53
Pentachlorophenol
87865
19 F, K
15 F, K
13 Y
7.9 Y
0.27 3.0 B, C B, C, H
1 C
65FR31682
65FR66443
SDWA
54
Phenol
108952
10,000 T, ee, nn
860,000 T, ee, nn
74FR27535 74FR46587
55
2, 4, 6-Trichlorophenol
88062
1.4 B, C, T
2.4 B, C
65FR66443
40 | Regulation 61-68
56
Acenaphthene
83329
670
B, T, ee
990
B, T, ee
65FR66443
57
Anthracene
120127
8,300
B, ee
40,000
B, ee
65FR66443
58
Benzidine
92875
0.000086
B, C
0.00020
B, C
65FR66443
59
Benzo (a) Anthracene
56553
0.0038
B, C
0.018
B, C
65FR66443
60
Benzo (a) Pyrene
50328
0.0038 0.018 B, C B, C
0.2 C
65FR66443
SDWA
61
Benzo (b) Fluoranthene
205992
0.0038 B, C
0.018 B, C
65FR66443
62
Benzo (k) Fluoranthene
207089
0.0038 B, C
0.018 B, C
65FR66443
63
Bis-2-Chloroethyl Ether
111444
0.030 B, C
0.53 B, C
65FR66443
64
Bis-2-Chloroisopropyl
Ether
108601
1,400 B, ee
65,000 B, ee
65FR66443
65
Bi-s2-Ethylhexyl
Phthalate (DEHP)
117817
V
V
V
V 1.2 2.2 B, C B, C
6 C
65FR66443
SDWA
66
Butylbenzene Phthalate
85687
ii
ii
ii
ii 1,500
B, ee 1,900 B, ee
65FR66443
67
2-Chloronaphthalene
91587
1,000 B, ee
1,600 B, ee
65FR66443
68
Chrysene
218019
0.0038
B, C
0.018
B, C
65FR66443
69
Dibenzo(a,h)Anthracene
53703
0.0038
B, C
0.018
B, C
65FR66443
41 | Regulation 61-68
70
1, 2-Dichlorobenzene
95501
420 1,300 ee ee
600 ee
68FR75510
SDWA
71
1, 3-Dichlorobenzene
541731
320 ee
960 ee
65FR66443
72
1, 4-Dichlorobenzene
106467
63 190 ee ee
75 ee
68FR75510
SDWA
73
3, 3’-Dichlorobenzidine
91941
0.021 B, C
0.028 B, C
65FR66443
74
Diethyl Phthalate
84662
ii
ii
ii
ii 17,000
B, ee 44,000 B, ee
65FR66443
75
Dimethyl Phthalate
13113
ii
ii
ii
ii
270,000 B, ee
1,100,000 B, ee
64FR66443
76
Di-n-butyl Phthalate
84742
ii
ii
ii
ii
2,000 B, ee
4,500 B, ee
65FR66443
77
2, 4-Dinitrotoluene
121142
0.11 C
3.4 C
65FR66443
78
1, 2-Diphenylhydrazine
122667
0.036 B, C
0.20 B, C
65FR66443
79
Fluoranthene
206440
130 B, ee
140 B, ee
65FR66443
80
Fluorene
86737
1,100
B, ee
5,300
B, ee
65FR66443
81
Hexachlorobenzene
118741
0.00028
B, C
0.00029
B, C
1
C
65FR66443 SDWA
82
Hexachlorobutadiene
87683
0.44
B, C
18
B, C
65FR66443
83
Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene
77474
40 1100 T, ee T, ee
50 ee
68FR75510
SDWA
84
Hexachloroethane
67721
1.4 B, C
3.3 B, C
65FR66443
85
Indeno 1,2,3(cd) Pyrene
193395
0.0038 B, C
0.018 B, C
65FR66443
42 | Regulation 61-68
86
Isophorone
78591
35 B, C
960 B, C
65FR66443
87
Nitrobenzene
98953
17 B, ee
690 B, H, T, ee
65FR66443
88
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
62759
0.00069 B, C
3.0 B, C
65FR66443
89
N-Nitrosodi-n-
Propylamine
621647
0.0050 B, C
0.51 B, C
65FR66443
90
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
86306
3.3 B, C
6.0 B, C
65FR66443
91
Pyrene
129000
830 B, ee
4,000 B, ee
65FR66443
92
1, 2, 4-Trichlorobenzene
120821
35
ee
70
ee
70 ee
68FR75510 SDWA
93
Aldrin
309002
3.0
G, X
1.3
G, X
0.000049
B, C
0.000050
B, C
65FR31682
65FR66443
94
alpha-BHC
319846
0.0026
B, C
0.0049
B, C
65FR66443
95
beta-BHC
319857
0.0091
B, C
0.017
B, C
65FR66443
96
gamma-BHC (Lindane)
58899
0.95 K
0.16 G
0.98 1.8 ee ee
0.2 C
65FR31682
68FR75510
SDWA
97
Chlordane
57749
2.4 G
0.0043 G, X
0.09 G
0.004 G, X
0.00080 B, C
0.00081 B, C
2 C
65FR31682
65FR66443
SDWA
98
4, 4’-DDT
50293
1.1 G, gg
0.001 G, X, gg
0.13 G, gg
0.001 G, X, gg
0.00022 B, C
0.00022 B, C
65FR31682 65FR66443
99
4, 4’-DDE
72559
0.00022 B, C
0.00022 B, C
65FR66443
100
4, 4’-DDD
72548
0.00031 B, C
0.00031 B, C
65FR66443
43 | Regulation 61-68
101
Dieldrin
60571
0.24 K
0.056 K, N
0.71 G
0.0019 G, X
0.000052 B, C
0.000054 B, C
65FR31682 65FR66443
102
alpha-Endosulfan
959988
0.22 G, W
0.056 G, W
0.034 G, W
0.0087 G, W
62 B, ee
89 B, ee
65FR31682 65FR66443
103
beta-Endosulfan
33213659
0.22
G, W
0.056
G, W
0.034
G, W
0.0087
G, W
62
B, ee
89
B, ee
65FR31682
65FR66443
104
Endosulfan Sulfate
1031078
62 B, ee
89 B, ee
65FR31682 65FR66443
105
Endrin
72208
0.086 K
0.036 K, N
0.037 G
0.0023 G, X
0.059 0.060 ee ee
2 ee
68FR75510
SDWA
106
Endrin Aldehyde
7421934
0.29 B, ee
0.30 B, H, ee
65FR66443
107
Heptachlor
76448
0.52 G
0.0038 G, X
0.053 G
0.0036 G, X
0.000079 0.000079 B, C B, C
0.4 C
65FR31682
65FR66443
SDWA
108
Heptachlor Epoxide
1024573
0.52 G, U
0.0038 G, U, X
0.053 G, U
0.0036 G, U, X
0.000039 B, C
0.000039B,
C
0.2 C
65FR31682
65FR66443
SDWA
109
Polychlorinated
Biphenyls PCBs
--
0.014 M, X
0.03 M, X
0.000064 B, C, M
0.000064 B, C, M
0.5 C
65FR31682
65FR66443
SDWA
110
Toxaphene
8001352
0.73
0.0002 X
0.21
0.0002 X
0.00028 B, C
0.00028 B, C
3 C
65FR31682
65FR66443
SDWA
Footnotes:
A This water quality criterion was derived from data for arsenic (III), but is applied here to total arsenic, which might imply that arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) are equally toxic to
aquatic life and that their toxicities are additive. In the arsenic criteria document (EPA 440/5-84-033, January 1985), Species Mean Acute Values are given for both arsenic
(III) and arsenic (V) for five species and the ratios of the SMAVs for each species range from 0.6 to 1.7. Chronic values are available for both arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) for
one species; for the fathead minnow, the chronic value for arsenic (V) is 0.29 times the chronic value for arsenic (III). No data are known to be available concerning whether
the toxicities of the forms of arsenic to aquatic organisms are additive.
B This criterion has been revised to reflect The Environmental Protection Agency’s q1* or RfD, as contained in the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) as of May 17,
2002. The fish tissue bioconcentration factor (BCF) from the 1980 Ambient Water Quality Criteria document was retained in each case.
C This criterion is based on carcinogenicity of 10-6 risk. As prescribed in Section E of this regulation, application of this criterion for permit effluent limitations requires the use
annual average flow or comparable tidal condition as determined by the Department.
D Freshwater and saltwater criteria for metals are expressed in terms of total recoverable metals. As allowed in Section E of this regulation, these criteria may be expressed as
dissolved metal for the purposes of deriving permit effluent limitations. The dissolved metal water quality criteria value may be calculated by using these 304(a) aquatic life
criteria expressed in terms of total recoverable metal, and multiplying it by a conversion factor (CF). The term “Conversion Factor” (CF) represents the conversion factor for
44 | Regulation 61-68
converting a metal criterion expressed as the total recoverable fraction in the water column to a criterion expressed as the dissolved fraction in the water column. (Conversion
Factors for saltwater CCCs are not currently available. Conversion factors derived for saltwater CMCs have been used for both saltwater CMCs and CCCs). See “Office of
Water Policy and Technical Guidance on Interpretation and Implementation of Aquatic Life Metals Criteria”, October 1, 1993, by Martha G. Prothro, Acting Assistant
Administrator for Water, available from the Water Resource center, USEPA, 401 M St., SW, mail code RC4100, Washington, DC 20460; and 40CFR§131.36(b)(1). Conversion
Factors can be found in Attachment 1 – Conversion Factors for Dissolved Metals. E The freshwater criterion for this metal is expressed as a function of hardness (mg/L) in the water column. The value given here corresponds to a hardness of 25 mg/L as
expressed as CaCO3. Criteria values for other hardness may be calculated from the following: CMC (dissolved) = exp{mA [ln( hardness)]+ bA} (CF), or CCC (dissolved) = exp{mC [ln (hardness)]+ bC} (CF) and the parameters specified in Attachment 2 – Parameters for Calculating Freshwater Dissolved Metals Criteria That Are Hardness- Dependent. As noted in footnote D above, the values in this appendix are expressed as total recoverable, the criterion may be calculated from the following: CMC (total) =
exp{mA [ln( hardness)]+ bA}, or CCC (total) = exp{mC [ln (hardness)]+ bC}. F Freshwater aquatic life values for pentachlorophenol are expressed as a function of pH, and are calculated as follows: CMC = exp(1.005(pH)-4.869); CCC = exp(1.005(pH)-
5.134). Values displayed in table correspond to a pH of 7.8.
G This criterion is based on 304(a) aquatic life criterion issued in 1980, and was issued in one of the following documents: Aldrin/Dieldrin (EPA 440/5-80-019), Chlordane (EPA
440/5-80-027), DDT (EPA 440/5-80-038), Endosulfan (EPA 440/5-80-046), Endrin (EPA 440/5-80-047), Heptachlor (440/5-80-052), Hexachlorocyclohexane (EPA 440/5-
80-054), Silver (EPA 440/5-80-071). The Minimum Data Requirements and derivation procedures were different in the 1980 Guidelines than in the 1985 Guidelines. For
example, a “CMC” derived using the 1980 Guidelines was derived to be used as an instantaneous maximum. If assessment is to be done using an averaging period, the values
given should be divided by 2 to obtain a value that is more comparable to a CMC derived using the 1985 Guidelines.
H No criterion for protection of human health from consumption of aquatic organisms excluding water was presented in the 1980 criteria document or in the 1986 Quality Criteria
for Water. Nevertheless, sufficient information was presented in the 1980 document to allow the calculation of a criterion, even though the results of such a calculation were
not shown in the document.
I This criterion for asbestos is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) developed under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and the National Primary Drinking Water
Regulation (NPDWR).
J EPA has not calculated a 304(a) human health criterion for this contaminant. The criterion is the Maximum Contaminant Level developed under the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA) and the National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (NPDWR).
K This criterion is based on a 304(a) aquatic life criterion that was issued in the 1995 Updates: Water Quality Criteria Documents for the Protection of Aquatic Life in Ambient
Water, (EPA-820-B-96-001, September 1996). This value was derived using the GLI Guidelines (60FR15393-15399, March 23, 1995; 40CFR132 Appendix A); the difference
between the 1985 Guidelines and the GLI Guidelines are explained on page iv of the 1995 Updates. None of the decisions concerning the derivation of this criterion were
affected by any considerations that are specific to the Great Lakes. L The CMC = 1/[(f1/CMC1) + (f2/CMC2)] where f1 and f2 are the fractions of total selenium that are treated as selenite and selenate, respectively, and CMC1 and CMC2 are
185.9 µg /l and 12.82 µg /l, respectively.
M This criterion applies to total PCBs, (e.g., the sum of all congener or all isomer or homolog or Aroclor analyses.)
N The derivation of the CCC for this pollutant did not consider exposure through the diet, which is probably important for aquatic life occupying upper trophic levels.
O This state criterion is also based on a total fish consumption rate of 0.0175 kg/day. P This water quality criterion is expressed asµg free cyanide (as CN)/L.
Q This value was announced (61FR58444-58449, November 14, 1996) as a proposed GLI 303 I aquatic life criterion
S This water quality criterion for selenium is expressed in terms of total recoverable metal in the water column. It is scientifically acceptable to use the conversion factor (0.996
– CMC or 0.922 – CCC) that was used in the GLI to convert this to a value that is expressed in terms of dissolved metal. T The organoleptic effect criterion is more stringent than the value for priority toxic pollutants.
U This value was derived from data for heptachlor and the criteria document provides insufficient data to estimate the relative toxicities of heptachlor and heptachlor
epoxide.
V There is a full set of aquatic life toxicity data that show that DEHP is not toxic to aquatic organisms at or below its solubility limit.
W This value was derived from data for endosulfan and is most appropriately applied to the sum of alpha-endosulfan and beta-endosulfan.
X This criterion is based on a 304(a) aquatic life criterion issued in 1980 or 1986, and was issued in one of the following documents: Aldrin/Dieldrin (EPA440/5-80-019),
Chlordane (EPA 440/5-80-027), DDT (EPA 440/5-80-038), Endrin (EPA 440/5-80-047), Heptachlor (EPA 440/5-80-052), Polychlorinated Biphenyls (EPA 440/5- 80-068),
Toxaphene (EPA 440/5-86-006). This CCC is based on the Final Residue value procedure in the 1985 Guidelines. Since the publication of the Great Lakes Aquatic Life Criteria
Guidelines in 1995 (60FR15393-15399, March 23, 1995), the EPA no longer uses the Final Residue value procedure for deriving CCCs for new or revised 304(a) aquatic life
criteria.
45 | Regulation 61-68
Y This water quality criterion is based on a 304(a) aquatic life criterion that was derived using the 1985 Guidelines (Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality
Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses, PB85-227049, January 1985) and was issued in one of the following criteria documents: Arsenic (EPA 440/5-
84-033), Cadmium (EPA 440/5-84-032), Chromium (EPA 440/5-84-029), Copper (EPA 440/5-84-031), Cyanide (EPA 440/5-84-028), Lead (EPA 440/5-84-027), Nickel (EPA 440/5-86-004), Pentachlorophenol (EPA 440/5-86-009), Toxaphene, (EPA 440/5-86-006), Zinc (EPA 440/5-87- 003).
Z When the concentration of dissolved organic carbon is elevated, copper is substantially less toxic and use of Water-Effect Ratios might be appropriate.
aa The selenium criteria document (EPA 440/5-87-006, September 1987) provides that if selenium is as toxic to saltwater fishes in the field as it is to freshwater fishes in the field,
the status of the fish community should be monitored whenever the concentration of selenium exceeds 5.0 7g/L in salt water because the saltwater CCC does not take into
account uptake via the food chain.
bb This water quality criterion was derived on page 43 of the mercury criteria document (EPA 440/5-84-026, January 1985). The saltwater CCC of 0.025 ug/L given on page 23
of the criteria document is based on the Final Residue value procedure in the 1985 Guidelines. Since the publication of the Great Lakes Aquatic Life criteria Guidelines in
1995 (60FR15393-15399, March 23, 1995), the EPA no longer uses the Final Residue value procedure for deriving CCCs for new or revised 304(a) aquatic life criteria.
cc This water quality criterion was derived in Ambient Water Quality Criteria Saltwater Copper Addendum (Draft, April 14, 1995) and was promulgated in the Interim Final
National Toxics Rule (60FR22228-222237, May 4, 1995).
dd This water quality criterion was derived from data for inorganic mercury (II), but is applied here to total mercury. If a substantial portion of the mercury in the water column is
methylmercury, this criterion will probably be under protective. In addition, even though inorganic mercury is converted to methylmercury and methylmercury bioaccumulates
to a great extent, this criterion does not account for uptake via the food chain because sufficient data were not available when the criterion was derived.
ee This criterion is a noncarcinogen. As prescribed in Section E of this regulation, application of this criterion for determining permit effluent limitations requires the use of 7Q10
or comparable tidal condition as determined by the Department. gg This criterion applies to DDT and its metabolites (i.e., the total concentration of DDT and its metabolites should not exceed this value).
hh Although a new RfD is available in IRIS, the surface water criteria will not be revised until the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Stage 2 Disinfectants and
Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 2 DBPR) is completed, since public comment on the relative source contribution (RSC) for chloroform is anticipated. ii Although EPA has not published a completed criteria document for phthalate, it is EPA’s understanding that sufficient data exist to allow calculation of aquatic life criteria.
jj This recommended water quality criterion is expressed as total cyanide, even though the IRIS RfD the EPA used to derive the criterion is based on free cyanide. The multiple forms of cyanide that are present in ambient water have significant differences in toxicity due to their abilities to liberate the CN-moiety. Some complex cyanides require even
more extreme conditions than refluxing with sulfuric acid to liberate the CN-moiety. Thus, these complex cyanides are expected to have little or no ‘bioavailalbility’ to humans.
If a substantial fraction of the cyanide present in a water body is present in a complexed form (e.g.,FE4[FE(CN)6]3), this criterion may be overly conservative.
kk This recommended water quality criterion was derived using the cancer slope factor of 1.4 (Linear multi-stage model (LMS) exposure from birth).
ll Freshwater copper criteria may be calculated utilizing the procedures identified in EPA-822-R-07-001. mm HAA5 means five haloacetic acids (monochloracitic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid and dibromoaccetic acid).
nn This criterion has been revised to reflect the EPA’s cancer slope factor (CSF) or reference dose (RfD), as contained in the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) as of (Final FR Notice June 10,
2009). The fish tissue bioconcentration factor (BCF) from the 1980 Ambient Water Quality Criteria document was retained in each case.
NON PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
Non Priority Pollutant
CAS Number
Freshwater Aquatic Life Saltwater Aquatic Life
Human Health
FR Cite/Source
CMC
(µg/L)
CCC
(µg/L)
CMC
(µg/L)
CCC
(µg/L)
For Consumption of:
MCL
(µg/L)
Water &
Organism
(µg/L)
Organism Only
(µg/L)
1
Alachlor
2 M
SDWA
46 | Regulation 61-68
2
Ammonia
7664417
CRITERIA ARE pH AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT - SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS
C
EPA822-R99-014
EPA440/5-88-004
3
Aesthetic Qualities
NARRATIVE STATEMENT AND NUMERIC CRITERIA – SEE TEXT
Gold Book
4
Atrazine
3 M
SDWA
5
Bacteria
FOR PRIMARY CONTACT RECREATION AND SHELLFISH USES – SEE TEXT
Gold Book
6
Barium
7440393
1,000 A, L
2,000 L
Gold Book
7
Carbofuran
1563662
40 L
SDWA
8
Chlorine
7782505
19 11 13 7.5
G Gold Book
SDWA
9
Chlorophenoxy Herbicide
2, 4, 5, -TP
93721
10 A, L
50 L
Gold Book
SDWA
10
Chlorophenoxy Herbicide
2, 4-D
94757
100 A, L
70 L
Gold Book
SDWA
11
Chlorophyll a
NARRATIVE STATEMENT AND NUMERIC CRITERIA – SEE TEXT
State Standard
12
Chloropyrifos
2921882
0.083 F
0.041 F
0.011 F
0.0056 F
Gold Book
13
Color
NARRATIVE STATEMENT – SEE TEXT
State Standard
14
Dalapon
75990
200 L
SDWA
15
Demeton
8065483
0.1 E
0.1 E
Gold Book
16
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
(DBCP)
96128
0.2 M
SDWA
17
Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
103231
400 L
SDWA
18
Dinoseb
88857
7 L
SDWA
47 | Regulation 61-68
19
Dinitrophenols
25550587
69 L
5,300 L
65FR66443
20
Nonylphenol
1044051
28
6.6
7.0
1.7
71FR9337
21
Diquat
85007
20 L
SDWA
22
Endothall
145733
100 L
SDWA
23
Ether, Bis Chloromethyl
542881
0.00010 D, M
0.00029 D, M
65FR66443
24
Cis-1, 2-dichloroethylene
156592
70 L
SDWA
25
Ethylene dibromide
0.05 M
SDWA
26
Fluoride
7681494
4000
L
SDWA
27
Glyphosate
1071836
700
L
SDWA
28
Guthion
86500
0.01 E
0.01 E
Gold Book
29
Hexachlorocyclo-hexane-
Technical
319868
0.0123 L
0.0414 L
Gold Book
30
Malathion
121755
0.1 E
0.1 E
Gold Book
31
Methoxychlor
72435
0.03 E
0.03 E
100 A, L
40 L
Gold Book
SDWA
32
Mirex
2385855
0.001 E
0.001 E
Gold Book
33
Nitrates
14797558
10, 000 L
10, 000 L
SDWA Gold Book
48 | Regulation 61-68
34
Nitrites
14797650
1,000 L
SDWA
35
Nitrogen, Total
NARRATIVE STATEMENT AND NUMERIC CRITERIA - SEE TEXT
State Standard
36
Nitrosamines
0.0008 L
1.24 L
Gold Book
37
Nitrosodibutylamine, N
924163
0.0063 A, M
0.22 A, M
65FR66443
38
Nitrosodiethylamine, N
55185
0.0008
A, M
1.24
A, M
Gold Book
39
Nitrosopyrrolidine, N
930552
0.016
M
34
M
65FR66443
40
Oil and Grease
NARRATIVE STATEMENT – SEE TEXT
Gold Book
41
Oxamyl
23135220
200 L
SDWA
42
Oxygen, Dissolved
7782447
WARMWATER, COLDWATER, AND EXCEPTIONS FOR NATURAL CONDITIONS - SEE TEXT K
Gold Book
State Standard
43
Diazinon
333415
0.17
0.17
0.82
0.82
71FR9336
44
Parathion
56382
0.065 H
0.013 H
Gold Book
45
Pentachlorobenzene
608935
1.4 E
1.5 E
65FR66443
46
pH
SEE TEXT I
Gold Book
State Standard
47
Phosphorus, Total
NARRATIVE STATEMENT AND NUMERIC CRITERIA - SEE TEXT
State Standard
48
Picloram
1918021
500 L
SDWA
49
Salinity
NARRATIVE STATEMENT - SEE TEXT
Gold Book
50
Simazine
122349
4 L
SDWA
49 | Regulation 61-68
51
Solids,Suspended,and
Turbidity
NARRATIVE STATEMENT AND NUMERIC CRITERIA - SEE TEXT
Gold Book
State Standard
52
Styrene
100425
100 L
SDWA
53
Sulfide-Hydrogen Sulfide
7783064
2.0 E
2.0 E
Gold Book
54
Tainting Substances
NARRATIVE STATEMENT - SEE TEXT
Gold Book
55
Temperature
SPECIES DEPENDENT CRITERIA - SEE TEXT J
Red Book
56
1, 2, 4, 5-Tetrachlorobenzene
95943
0.97 D
1.1 D
65FR66443
57
Tributyltin (TBT)
688733
0.46 0.063 0.37 0.010
EPA 822-F-00-008
58
2, 4, 5-Trichlorophenol
95954
1,800 B, D
3,600 B, D
65FR66443
59
Xylenes, Total
10, 000 L
SDWA
60
Uranium
30 SDWA
61
Beta particles and photon
emitters
4
Millirems/
yr
SDWA
62
Gross alpha particle activity
15
picocuries
per liter
(pCi/l)
SDWA
63
Radium 226 and Radium 228
(combined)
5 pCi/l
SDWA
Footnotes:
A This human health criterion is the same as originally published in the Red Book which predates the 1980 methodology and did not utilize the fish ingestion BCF approach.
This same criterion value is now published in the Gold Book.
50 | Regulation 61-68
B The organoleptic effect criterion is more stringent than the value presented in the non priority pollutants table.
C According to the procedures described in the Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses,
except possibly where a very sensitive species is important at a site, freshwater aquatic life should be protected if both conditions specified in Attachment 3 - Calculation of
Freshwater Ammonia Criterion are satisfied.
D This criterion has been revised to reflect The Environmental Protection Agency’s q1* or RfD, as contained in the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) as of April 8,
1998. The fish tissue bioconcentration factor (BCF) used to derive the original criterion was retained in each case. E The derivation of this value is presented in the Red Book (EPA 440/9-76-023, July, 1976).
F This value is based on a 304(a) aquatic life criterion that was derived using the 1985 Guidelines (Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the
Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses, PB85-227049, January 1985) and was issued in the following criteria document: Chloropyrifos (EPA 440/5-86-005).
G A more stringent Maximum Residual Disinfection Level (MRDL) has been issued by EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Refer to S.C. Regulation 61-58, State Primary
Drinking Water Regulations.
H This value is based on a 304(a) aquatic life criterion that was issued in the 1995 Updates: Water Quality Criteria Documents for the Protection of Aquatic Life in Ambient
Water (EPA-820-B-96-001). This value was derived using the GLI Guidelines (60FR15393-15399, March 23, 1995; 40CFR132 Appendix A); the differences between the
1985 Guidelines and the GLI Guidelines are explained on page iv of the 1995 Updates. No decision concerning this criterion was affected by any considerations that are
specific to the Great Lakes.
I South Carolina has established some site-specific standards for pH. These site-specific standards are listed in S.C. Regulation 61-69, Classified Waters.
J U.S. EPA, 1976, Quality Criteria for Water 1976.
K South Carolina has established numeric criteria in Section G for waters of the State based on the protection of warmwater and coldwater species. For the exception to be used
for waters of the State that do not meet the numeric criteria established for the waterbody due to natural conditions, South Carolina has specified the allowable deficit in Section
D.4. and used the following document as a source. U.S. EPA, 1986, Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Dissolved Oxygen, EPA 440/5-86-003, National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA. South Carolina has established some site-specific standards for DO. These site-specific standards are listed in S.C. Regulation 61-69,
Classified Waters.
L This criterion is a noncarcinogen. As prescribed in Section E of this regulation, application of this criterion for determining permit effluent limitations requires the use of 7Q10
or comparable tidal condition as determined by the Department
M This criterion is based on an added carcinogenicity risk. As prescribed in Section E of this regulation, application of this criterion for permit effluent limitations requires the
use annual average flow or comparable tidal condition as determined by the Department.
ORGANOLEPTIC EFFECTS
Pollutant
CAS Number
Organoleptic Effect Criteria
(µg/L)
FR Cite/Source
1
Acenaphthene
83329
20
Gold Book
2
Chlorobenzene
108907
20
Gold Book
3
3-Chlorophenol
0.1
Gold Book
4
4-Chlorophenol
106489
0.1
Gold Book
5
2, 3-Dichlorophenol
0.04
Gold Book
51 | Regulation 61-68
6
2, 5-Dichlorophenol
0.5
Gold Book
7
2, 6-Dichlorophenol
0.2
Gold Book
8
3, 4-Dichlorophenol
0.3
Gold Book
9
2, 4, 5-Trichlorophenol
95954
1
Gold Book
10
2, 4, 6-Trichlorophenol
88062
2
Gold Book
11
2, 3, 4, 6-Tetrachlorophenol
1
Gold Book
12
2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenol
1,800
Gold Book
13
3-Methyl-4-Chlorophenol
59507
3,000
Gold Book
14
3-Methyl-6-Chlorophenol
20
Gold Book
15
2-Chlorophenol
95578
0.1
Gold Book
16
Copper
7440508
1,000
Gold Book
17
2, 4-Dichlorophenol
120832
0.3
Gold Book
18
2, 4-Dimethylphenol
105679
400
Gold Book
19
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
77474
1
Gold Book
20
Nitrobenzene
98953
30
Gold Book
21
Pentachlorophenol
87865
30
Gold Book
22
Phenol
108952
300
Gold Book
23
Zinc
7440666
5,000
45FR79341
52 | Regulation 61-68
Footnote:
These criteria are based on organoleptic (taste and odor) effects. Because of variations in chemical nomenclature systems, this listing of pollutants does not duplicate the listing in
Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 423. Also listed are the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers, which provide a unique identification for each chemical.
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA ADDITIONAL NOTES
1. Criteria Maximum Concentration and Criterion Continuous Concentration
The Criteria Maximum Concentration (CMC) is an estimate of the highest concentration of a material in surface water to which an aquatic community can be exposed briefly without
resulting in an unacceptable effect. The Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) is an estimate of the highest concentration of a material in surface water to which an aquatic
community can be exposed indefinitely without resulting in an unacceptable effect. The CMC and CCC are just two of the six parts of a aquatic life criterion; the other four parts
are the acute averaging period, chronic averaging period, acute frequency of allowed exceedence, and chronic frequency of allowed exceedence.
2. Criteria for Priority Pollutants, Non Priority Pollutants and Organoleptic Effects
This appendix lists all priority toxic pollutants and some nonpriority toxic pollutants, and both human health effect and organoleptic effect criteria issued pursuant to CWA
§304(a), the SDWA, and the NPDWR. Blank spaces indicate that EPA has no CWA §304(a) criteria recommendations. Because of variations in chemical nomenclature systems,
this listing of toxic pollutants does not duplicate the listing in Appendix A of 40CFR Part 423.
3. Human Health Risk
The human health criteria for the priority and non priority pollutants are based on carcinogenicity of 10-6 risk.
4. Water Quality Criteria published pursuant to Section 304(a) or Section 303(c) of the CWA
Many of the values in the appendix were published in the California Toxics Rule. Although such values were published pursuant to Section 303(c) of the CWA, they represent the
EPA’s most recent calculation of water quality criteria.
5. Calculation of Dissolved Metals Criteria
The 304(a) criteria for metals are shown as total recoverable metals. As allowed in Section E of this regulation, these criteria may be expressed as dissolved metals. Dissolved metals
criteria may be calculated in one of two ways (please refer to Attachments). For freshwater metals criteria that are hardness-dependent, the dissolved metal criteria may be calculated
using a hardness of 25 mg/l as expressed as CaCO3. Saltwater and freshwater metals’ criteria that are not hardness-dependent are calculated by multiplying the total recoverable criteria before rounding by the appropriate conversion factors. The final metals’ criteria in the table are rounded to two significant figures. Information regarding the calculation of hardness dependent conversion factors are included in the footnotes.
6. Chemical Abstract Services Number
The Chemical Abstract Services number (CAS) for each pollutant is provided (where available).
7. Gold Book Reference
The Gold Book reference listed in the appendix refers to the May 1, 1986 EPA publication EPA 440/5-86-001.
8. Federal Register Reference
The FR listed in the appendix refers to the appropriate Federal Register listing. and source refers to the origin of the value. Many of the numeric values contained in this appendix
have been modified, revised, or altered and therefore, the source as listed may not be the same as it appears in this table. Also, South Carolina may have selected to use a different
value or may have promulgated a different value in its previous iterations of this regulation, so differences from these sources should be expected.
9. Maximum Contaminant Levels
The appendix includes Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) developed under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and the National Primary Drinking Water Regulation
(NPDWR).
53 | Regulation 61-68
10. Organoleptic Effects
The appendix contains 304(a) criteria for pollutants with toxicity-based criteria as well as non-toxicity based criteria. The basis for the non-toxicity based criteria are organoleptic
effects (e.g., taste and odor) which would make water and edible aquatic life unpalatable but not toxic to humans. The table includes criteria for organoleptic effects for 23 pollutants.
Pollutants with organoleptic effect criteria more stringent than the criteria based on toxicity (e.g., included in both the priority and non-priority pollutant tables) are footnoted as such.
11. Category Criteria
In the 1980 criteria documents, certain water quality criteria were published for categories of pollutants rather than for individual pollutants within that category. Subsequently, in a
series of separate actions, the EPA derived criteria for specific pollutants within a category. Therefore, in this appendix South Carolina is replacing criteria representing categories
with individual pollutant criteria (e.g., 1, 3-dichlorobenzene, 1, 4-dichlorobenzene and 1, 2-dichlorobenzene).
12. Specific Chemical Calculations
A. Selenium
(1) Human Health
In the 1980 Selenium document, a criterion for the protection of human health from consumption of water and organisms was calculated based on a BCF of 6.0 l/kg and a maximum
water-related contribution of 35 g Se/day. Subsequently, the EPA Office of Health and Environmental Assessment issued an errata notice (February 23, 1982), revising the BCF
for selenium to 4.8 L/kg. In 1988, EPA issued an addendum (ECAO-CIN-668) revising the human health criteria for selenium. Later in the final National Toxic Rule (NTR, 57 FR
60848), EPA withdrew previously published selenium human health criteria, pending EPA review of new epidemiological data.
This appendix includes human health criteria for selenium, calculated using a BCF of 4.8 L/kg along with the current IRIS RfD of 0.005 mg/kg/day. South Carolina included these
water quality criteria in the appendix because the data necessary for calculating a criteria in accordance with EPA’s 1980 human health methodology are available.
(2) Aquatic Life
This appendix contains aquatic life criteria for selenium that are the same as those published in the CTR. In the CTR, EPA proposed an acute criterion for selenium based on the
criterion proposed for selenium in the Water Quality Guidance for the Great Lakes System (61FR584440. The GLI and CTR proposals take into account data showing that selenium’s
two prevalent oxidation state in water, selenite and selenate, present differing potentials for aquatic toxicity, as well as new data indication that various forms of selenium are additive.
The new approach produces a different selenium acute criterion concentration, or CMC, depending upon the relative proportions of selenite, selenate, and other forms of selenium
that are present. EPA is currently undertaking a reassessment of selenium, and expects the 304(a) criterion for selenium will be revised based on the final reassessment (63FR26186).
However, until such time as revised water quality criteria for selenium are published by the EPA, the water quality criteria in this appendix are EPA’s current 304(a) criteria.
B. Chromium (III)
The aquatic life water quality criteria for chromium (III) included in the appendix are based on the values presented in the document titled: 1995 Updates: Water Quality Criteria
Documents for the Protection of Aquatic Life in Ambient Water.
C. PCBs
In this appendix, South Carolina is publishing aquatic life and human health criteria based on total PCBs rather than individual arochlors.
54 | Regulation 61-68
Attachment 1 - Conversion Factors for Dissolved Metals
Metal
Conversion Factor
freshwater CMC
Conversion Factor
freshwater CCC
Conversion Factor
saltwater CMC
Conversion Factor
saltwater CCC
Arsenic
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
Cadmium
1.136672-[(ln hardness)(0.041838)]
1.101672-[(ln hardness)(0.041838)]
0.994
0.994
Chromium III
0.316
0.860
--
--
Chromium VI
0.982
0.962
0.993
0.993
Copper
0.960
0.960
0.83
0.83
Lead
1.46203-[(ln hardness)(0.145712)]
1.46203-[(ln hardness)(0.145712)]
0.951
0.951
Mercury
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
Nickel
0.998
0.997
0.990
0.990
Selenium
--
--
0.998
0.998
Silver
0.85
--
0.85
--
Zinc
0.978
0.986
0.946
0.946
55 | Regulation 61-68
Attachment 2 - Parameters for Calculating Freshwater Dissolved Metals Criteria That Are Hardness-Dependent
Chemical
mA
bA
mC
bC
Freshwater Conversion Factors (CF)
Acute
Chronic
Cadmium
1.0166
-3.924
0.7409
-4.719
1.136672-[ln
(hardness)(0.041838)]
1.101672-[ln
(hardness)(0.041838)]
Chromium III
0.8190
3.7256
0.8190
0.6848
0.316
0.860
Copper
0.9422
-1.700
0.8545
-1.702
0.960
0.960
Lead
1.273
-1.460
1.273
-4.705
1.46203-[ln
(hardness)(0.145712)]
1.46203-[ln
(hardness)(0.145712)]
Nickel
0.8460
2.255
0.8460
0.0584
0.998
0.997
Silver
1.72
-6.52
--
--
0.85
--
Zinc
0.8473
0.884
0.8473
0.884
0.978
0.986
56 | Regulation 61-68
Attachment 3 - Calculation of Freshwater Ammonia Criterion
1. The one-hour average concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (in mg N/L) does not exceed, more than once
every three years on the average, the CMC calculated using the following equation:
CMC = 0.275 + 39.0
1+107.204-pH 1+10pH-7.204
In situations where salmonids are absent, the CMC may be calculated using the following equation:
CMC = 0.411 + 58.4
1+107.204-pH 1+10pH-7.204
2. The thirty-day average concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (in mg N/L) does not exceed, more than once
every three years on the average, the CCC calculated using the following equations:
When fish early life stages (ELS) are present:
CCC = 0.0577 + 2.487 × min (2.85,1.45x100.028×(25-T))
1+107.688-pH 1+10pH-7.688
When fish early life stages are absent:
CCC = 0.0577 + 2.487 × 1.45 × 100.028×(25-max(T,7))
1+107.688-pH 1+10pH-7.688
and the highest four-day average within the 30-day period does not exceed 2.5 times the CCC.
In the absence of information substantiating that ELS are absent, the ELS present equation will be used