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Reinhard BeerReinhard BeerThe Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute of TechnologyCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA, USAPasadena, CA, USA
on behalf of the entire PanFTS teamon behalf of the entire PanFTS team
Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (PanFTS)
for the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events
(GEO-CAPE) and theGlobal Atmospheric Chemistry (GACM) Missions
Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (PanFTS)
for the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events
(GEO-CAPE) and theGlobal Atmospheric Chemistry (GACM) Missions
© 2009 California Institute of Technology. US Government sponsorship acknowledged
2009 May ASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia 2
The JPL PanFTS TeamStanley Sander, Principal InvestigatorStanley Sander, Principal InvestigatorReinhard Beer, Science Plan, Instrument DesignReinhard Beer, Science Plan, Instrument DesignJean-Francois Blavier, Instrument ScientistJean-Francois Blavier, Instrument ScientistKevin Bowman, Science PlanKevin Bowman, Science PlanAnnmarie Eldering, Science Plan, GEO-CAPE Science TeamAnnmarie Eldering, Science Plan, GEO-CAPE Science TeamDavid Rider, FPA Acquisition / Development, In-Pixel ROIC ACT PIDavid Rider, FPA Acquisition / Development, In-Pixel ROIC ACT PIGeoffrey Toon, Instrument DesignGeoffrey Toon, Instrument DesignWesley Traub, Instrument DesignWesley Traub, Instrument DesignJohn Worden, Science PlanJohn Worden, Science PlanDmitriy Bekker, Data System DesignDmitriy Bekker, Data System DesignMatthew Heverly, Scan Mechanism DevelopmentMatthew Heverly, Scan Mechanism DevelopmentRobby Stephenson, Scan Mechanism AnalysisRobby Stephenson, Scan Mechanism AnalysisParker Fagrelius, Science Plan, Systems EngineeringParker Fagrelius, Science Plan, Systems EngineeringBruce Hancock, Vis ROIC DevelopmentBruce Hancock, Vis ROIC DevelopmentTom Cunningham, Vis FPA DevelopmentTom Cunningham, Vis FPA DevelopmentRichard Key, Task ManagementRichard Key, Task Management
2009 May ASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia 3
GEO-CAPE Science Goals
Conclusions from Key Assessment Reports
“Air quality measurements are urgently needed to understand the complex consequences of increasing anthropogenic pollutant emissions both regionally and globally. The current observation system for air quality is inadequate.”
- NRC Earth Science Decadal Survey (2007)
“The ability to observe the boundary layer from space is a major priority for air quality applications”. - Report from the Community Workshop on Air Quality Monitoring from Space (Boulder, CO, 2006)
GEO-CAPE Mission Requirements• Measure air pollutants such as ozone and aerosols• Improve air quality forecasts “through assimilation of chemical data, monitoring
pollutant emissions and accidental releases, and understanding pollution transport on
regional to intercontinental scales.”• Cover North & South America from -45o to +50o latitude with 7 km resolution “at about
hourly intervals” (air quality)• Cover coastal oceans with a steerable imaging spectrometer with 250-m spatial
resolution and 300 km field of view (ocean biogeochemistry)• Longitude range is therefore 30o W to 140o W with the spacecraft positioned in
geostationary orbit near 85 W longitude.
2009 May ASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia 4
The PanFTS Approach
The Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (PanFTS) is a NASA Instrument Incubator Program (IIP) funded development to build and demonstrate a single instrument capable of meeting or exceeding all GEO-CAPE/GACM requirements. The PanFTS design combines measurement capabilities for IR (e.g. TES) and UV-Vis (e.g., OMI) in a single package (including full spatial coverage), plus the ability to measure ocean color .
2009 May ASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia 5
Combining UV-Vis-IR Improves Vertical Resolution
From Worden et al, GRL 2007
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The IR is sensitive to the boundary layer when concentrations and air-surface contrasts are high
Vertical and horizontal snap-shots of TES CO (upper left),TES O3 (lower left), OMI aerosol optical depth (upperright) and OMI NO2 (lower right) during a So. Calif. wild-fire episode.
Enhancements in boundarylayer O3 and CO are clearlyindicated.
Combined UV-Vis-IR retrievals will reveal boundarylayer features such as these.
2009 May ASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia 7
PanFTS Spectral Coverage
PanFTS
TES GOSAT SCIAMACHY
PanFTS
TES GOSAT SCIAMACHY
Wide spectral coverage(0.27 – 14 m) permitssimultaneous observationsBy reflected sunlight andThermal emission (day/night)
PollutantsO3, CO, NO2, HCHO, NH3
Greenhouse GasesCO2, CH4, N2O, O3, H2O
TracersHDO, N2O, O2, O4
Ocean Color250 m pixel size:visible channel
PanFTS will combine theFunctionality of severalInstruments e.g. TES,GOSAT, SCHIAMACHY
2009 May ASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia 8
PanFTS Measurement Capabilities(Shaded Green)
Scientific Issues from the Decadal Survey
NA
SA
SC
IEN
CE
PLA
N
GA
CM
Geo
-CA
PE
Program Linkage Measurement
O3 (column)
NO2 (column)
HCHO (column)
SO2 (column)
BrO (column)
CO (profile)
Aerosol Opt. Depth
H2O (profile)
O3 (boundary layer)
NO2 (boundary layer)
NO2 (profile)
HDO (profile)
NH3 (column)
CH3OH (column)
Temperature
Nocturnal Capability
O3 Profile
AQ Forecasting/Human Health
O3 precursor andAerosol Sources
Pollution Transport/Chemical Weather
2009 May ASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia 9
PanFTS has superior measurement capabilities
InstrumentSpectral Range
(microns)Spectral
Resolution (nm)Horizontal
Resolution (km)Vertical
Resolution (km)
SCIAMACHY
GOME-2
OMI
TES
MOPITT
PanFTS
0.25 – 2.0 0.25 – 0.4 30 x 60 -
0.24 - 0.79 0.24 – 0.53 40 x 40 -
-0.27 – 0.5 0.45 – 1.0 13 x 24
3.2 – 15.4 0.06 cm-1 5.3 x 8.5 3 - 5
2.3, 4.67 (0.1 cm-1) 22 x 22 3 - 5
2 - 30.27 – 14.0 0.05 cm-1 7 x 7
2009 May ASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia 10
Observational Coverage300 x 300 km FOV
Current imagery like MODIS-AQUA
are days apart
Sept. 2, 2007 12:00:00
Sept. 4, 2007 12:00:00
OMI HCHO Sample Observations
Jan 2007
May 2007
Aug 2007
80o W
45o S
50o N
GEO-CAPE will have two observing modes (1) a wide-field, synoptic mode covering the Earth disk from 50°N to 45°S once per hour with a ground footprint of 7 km at nadir and (2) a narrow-field, special event mode with a 300 x 300 km FOV having a 250 m ground footprint at nadir
2009 May ASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia 11
From a geostationary orbit near 85o W longitude, observations are accomplished by sequentially imaging ~50 patches (distinguished by different colors in the graphic) for about one minute each with an approximately 900 km X 900 km instantaneous field-of-view using a 128 X 128 pixel array which provides a pixel resolution of approximately 7 km. A 60 µm pixel size and a 5 cm beam diameter provide the étendue required to achieve S/N ~ 100 at a spectral resolution of 0.05 cm-1.
900 km x 900 km ground swath patch
128x128 FPA
Spectra in pixel
PanFTS Observing Scenario
2009 May ASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia 12
Optical Schematic
LASE
R
LASER DETECTOR
ULTRAVIOLETDETECTOR
TWO STACKEDOAP’S
MID-INFRAREDDETECTOR
NEAR-INFRAREDDETECTOR
VISIBLEDETECTOR
TWO STACKEDINPUT BEAMS
IR ON TOPUV-VIS ON BOTTOM
MIRROR
SC ANNING MIRROR@MOPD @ZPD
SCAN MECHANISM@MID-POINT
FIXED MIRROR
STACKEDBEAMSPLITTERS
STACKEDCOMPENSATORS
DICHROICS
2009 May ASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia 13
SUMMARY
• A “table-top” prototype of Pan FTS is under construction at JPL– it will feature sub-arrays of detectors but will
help in determining how to cope with the ultimate, very high, data rate (including on-board processing)
• In 2011, the completed instrument will be tested over the Los Angeles basin from an existing site at Mt. Wilson (1742 m)
2009 May ASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia 14
25-26 June 2009
California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California, USA
Panchromatic Retrieval Workshop
For further information, please contact [email protected]