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Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5...

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Prelecture review Related rates
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Page 1: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Prelecture  review  

Related  rates  

Page 2: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Cars  and  intersec2on  

   

Page 3: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Conical  shell      

Page 4: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Carts  and  pulley  

   

Page 5: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Applica2ons  of  simple  differen2al  equa2ons  to  aphids  and  ladybugs  

Qualita2ve  methods  applied  to  a  predator-­‐prey  system  

Page 6: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Quiz  4:  

This  quiz  was:  (A) Sort  of  fun!  (B) A  learning  experience  (C) Too  hard  and/or  too  confusing  (D)   I  did  not  like  having  to  finish  it  aOer  class  (E)  I  see  that  a  spreadsheet  can  be  helpful  

Page 7: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Quiz  4  Solu2ons:  Pa2ents  in  the  Emergency  Room  

Q1)  [5  Pts]  Pa2ent  1  lapses  in  and  out  of  consciousness  due  to  methanol  poisoning.  The  nurse  informs  you  that  when  admiVed,  at  t  =  0,  the  level  of  methanol  in  the  pa2ent’s  blood  was  44  mg/kg  body  weight.  Two  hours  later,  the  level  had  dropped  to  11  mg/kg.  According  to  your  toxicology  handbook,  methanol  decays  in  the  blood  following  a  simple  decay  differen2al  equa2on.      

UBC    Math  102  

Page 8: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Quiz  4  [Q1]:  Q1)  [5  Pts]  Pa2ent  1  lapses  in  and  out  of  consciousness  due  to  methanol  poisoning.  The  nurse  informs  you  that  when  admiVed,  at  t  =  0,  the  level  of  methanol  in  the  pa2ent’s  blood  was  44  mg/kg  body  weight.  Two  hours  later,  the  level  had  dropped  to  11  mg/kg.  According  to  your  toxicology  handbook,  methanol  decays  in  the  blood  following  a  simple  decay  differen2al  equa2on.    

(a) Differen2al  eqn    and  ini2al  condi2on:  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 9: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Quiz  4  [Q1]:  Q1)  [5  Pts]  Pa2ent  1  lapses  in  and  out  of  consciousness  due  to  methanol  poisoning.  The  nurse  informs  you  that  when  admiVed,  at  t  =  0,  the  level  of  methanol  in  the  pa2ent’s  blood  was  44  mg/kg  body  weight.  Two  hours  later,  the  level  had  dropped  to  11  mg/kg.  According  to  your  toxicology  handbook,  methanol  decays  in  the  blood  following  a  simple  decay  differen2al  equa2on.    

b)  Half  life:  The  level  dropped  by  factor  of  4=22  in  2h,  so  in  1  h  it  dropped  by  factor  of  2,  and  the  half-­‐life  is  1  hour.    (We  also  find  from  this  that  k  =  ln(2)/1=ln(2)  per  h.    

UBC    Math  102  

Page 10: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Quiz  4  [Q1],  cont’d:  

(c)  The  pa2ent  has  to  be  kept  under  observa2on  un2l  his  blood  methanol  level  is  at  or  below  2mg/kg.  What  is  the  earliest  2me  at  which  this  pa2ent  can  be  discharged  from  the  hospital?                              c(t)  =    We  must  solve  for  t  in  the  equa2on  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 11: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Quiz  4  [Q2]:  

Pa2ent  2  requires  immediate  treatment  by  heparin  for  a  suspected  blood  clot  in  the  pulmonary  vein.  The  drug  is  given  through  a  con2nuous  intravenous  (IV)  drip.  It  is  cleared  from  the  blood  by  the  kidneys.  The  heparin  level  H(t)  (measured  in  ``Interna2onal  Units''  per  millilitre,  IU/ml)  at  2me  t  (in  hours)  sa2sfies  a  differen2al  equa2on  and  ini2al  condi2on  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 12: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Quiz  4  [Q2]:  Pa2ent  2  requires  immediate  treatment  by  heparin  for  a  suspected  blood  clot  in  the  pulmonary  vein.  The  drug  is  given  through  a  con2nuous  intravenous  (IV)  drip.  It  is  cleared  from  the  blood  by  the  kidneys.  The  heparin  level  H(t)  (measured  in  ``Interna2onal  Units''  per  millilitre,  IU/ml)  at  2me  t  (in  hours)  sa2sfies  a  differen2al  equa2on  and  ini2al  condi2on          

                       

UBC    Math  102  

Rate  of  infusion  of  drug  by  IV    

(IU/ml  per  hour)    

Rate  of  decay  (clearance  by  

kidneys)  (1/hour)  

Ini2al    heparin  level    (IU/ml)  

Page 13: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Quiz  4  [Q2],  cont’d:  

Euler  solu2on:    AOer  1  2me  step  with          

UBC    Math  102  

Page 14: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Quiz  4  [Q2],  Group  Version:  

(c)  OPTIONAL:  The  pa2ent's  IV  is  disconnected  at  t=12  hours.    What  is  the  heparin  level  in  the  blood  at  t=24  hours?  Use  your  spreadsheet  to  compute  and  plot  a  single  graph  of  H(t)  over  the  en2re  24  hours  (0≤t≤24).      At  t=24h,  H(t)  =  0.000635377    

UBC    Math  102  

Page 15: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Solu2on:  

UBC    Math  102  

0  

0.05  

0.1  

0.15  

0.2  

0.25  

0.3  

0.35  

0   6   12   18   24  

heparin  H(t)  

Page 16: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Semng  up  the  spreadsheet  

   

In  this  column,  some  fixed  values  that  will  be  used  

Ini2al  2me  t=0  

Ini2ally  H(0)=0  

Steps  along  2me  axis  

Page 17: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Semng  up  the  spreadsheet  

   

Right  hand  side  of  Diff’l  Eqn  Updated  H(t)  

value  (Euler  step)  

Page 18: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Euler’s  Method  on  spreadsheet:  

           Drag  row  down  to  t=12  to  generate  first  12  hrs  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 19: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Disconnect  IV  at  t=12  hrs  

         Change  Diff’l  Eq  in  one  cell!  Drag  down  again  from  there.  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 20: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Help  with  Homework  

Assignment  11  is  due  this  week  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 21: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Assignment11:  Problem  1*  

Growth  of  cubic  crystal  V(t)  =  volume        

x(t)  =  side  length    Determine  how  the  size  of  the  crystal  will  change  and  how  large  that  crystal  can  get.  

*  This  problem  appeared  on  a  midterm  test  some  years  ago  and  would  be  a  great  exam-­‐type  problem,  as  it  tests  mul2ple  concepts:  (a)  related  rates  and  (b,c)    diff’l  eqns.  

Page 22: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Assignment11:  Problem  1*  

Growth  of  cubic  crystal  V(t)  =  volume      =            x3  

x(t)  =  side  length    (a) Convert  to  diff’l  eq  with  only  1  variable  (x(t)):  

careful  to  use  chain  rule  on  dV/dt  !!  –  see  our  example  for  cell  volume  in  Lecture  11.3!  

(b)   Determine  what  this  diff’l  eqn  predicts  for  x(t).    (c) What  is  its  size  when  it  is  growing  at  half  its  

ini2al  rate?      set  dx/dt  =  ½  and  solve  for  x    

V(t)  

x(t)  

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Assignment11:  Problem  2  

Biochemical  reac2on;  c(t)  =  concentra2on  of  substance:                                                                                                  =  f  (  c  )                                  Michaelis-­‐Menten  kine2cs!    This  is  a  great  exam-­‐type  ques2on,  as  it  uses  mul2ple  concepts  in  new  ways:  ra2onal  func2ons,  differen2al  equa2ons,  op2miza2on!  

Page 24: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Assignment11:  Problem  2  

Biochemical  reac2on;  c(t)  =  concentra2on  of  substance:                                                                                                      =  produc2on  –  decay    (a,b)  Q’s  about  the  Michaelis-­‐Menten  produc2on  term  (based  on  early  lectures  in  M102)  (c,d)  Q’s  about  this  diff’l  eqn  and  its  steady  states  (recent  material)  (3)  Q  about  maximiza2on  of  f(c)  (the  RHS)  !!      

Page 25: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Assignment11:  Problem  4  

Common  model  for  fish  popula2ons  with  harves2ng  F(t)  =  fish  popula2on  (in  thousands)  at  2me  t    dF/d  t  =                                                            -­‐        

UBC    Math  102  

(Density  dependent)  

Rate  of  growth  

Rate  of  removal    Due  to    

harves2ng  

Page 26: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Assignment11:  Problem  4  

Common  model  for  fish  popula2ons  with  harves2ng  propor2onal  to  fish  popula2on  F(t)  =  fish  popula2on  (in  thousands)  at  2me  t      dF/d  t  =                                                            -­‐        

UBC    Math  102  

r  F  (K-­‐F)                  K   h  F  

Page 27: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Phase  space:  propor2onal  harves2ng  

The  rate  of  change:                                dF/dt                                                          logis2c                                        hF                                                          growth                                                                                                                                                      F  

UBC    Math  102   See  our  treatment  of  the  aphid  popula2on  model  for  a  similar  idea..  Which  may  help  you  with  this  problem  

Page 28: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Back  to  differen2al  equa2ons  

We  will  apply  our  methods  to  a  problem  that  we  studied  (par2ally)  before.  

UBC    Math  102  

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Example  3:  aphid  popula2on  

 Lect  5.3:  aphids  and  their  ladybug  predators      

                   C.  S.  “Buzz”  Holling,  UBC:                                Type  I,  II,  III  predator  

response.  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 30: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Example  3:  Aphid  popula2on  

Let  x(t)  =  popula2on  size  of  aphids  at  2me  t.  Aphids  reproduce  at  constant  per  capita  rate.  They  get  eaten  by  ladybugs.    

UBC    Math  102  

Number  of  aphids  

Num

ber  o

f  aph

ids  e

aten

/hr  

 

Page 31: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

(1)  Preda2on  rate:  

•  Each  ladybug    eats    p(x)  aphids    per  hour.  •  The  number  of  ladybugs  is  y  Then  the  rate  at  which  aphids  are  removed  is:    (A)     P(x)=p(x)  x        (B)  P(x)=p(x)  y            (C)  P(x)=p(y)  y                            (D)  P(x)  =  x  y                                                              (E)  Not  sure    

UBC    Math  102  

Page 32: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Aphids  die  due  to  preda2on  

The  preda2on  mortality  rate  (number  aphids  removed  per  hour)  is          Aphids  also  reproduce  like  crazy.  The  number  of  new  aphids  that  are  produced  per  hour  is  

           G(x)  =  r  x  UBC    Math  102  

Page 33: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Previously:  

We  have  asked  when  growth  rate  matches  preda2on  mortality.    Now  we  can  answer  the  ques2on:  what  happens  to  the  aphid  popula2on  when  these  do  NOT  match!  

The  aphid  popula2on  will  change!  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 34: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

(2)  Which  differen2al  equa2on  describes  the  rate  of  change  of  

aphids?  (A)   dx/dt  =  P(x,y)  +  G(x)  (B)   dx/dt  =  P(x,y)  -­‐  G(x)  (C)   dx/dt  =  G(x)  -­‐  P(x,y)  (D)   dx/dt  =  rx  –  m  x  (E)   Not  sure  

Page 35: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Net  aphid  popula2on  growth  rate:  

                   growth  rate                                        preda2on  mortality                        rate  

         

Net  Growth  Rate          F(x)  =  G(x)-­‐P(x,y)  

Page 36: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Rate  of  change  of  aphid  popula2on      

             dx/dt  =  net  growth  rate  =  F(x)  =    G(x)-­‐P(x,y)        We  can  find  out  how  the  aphid  popula2on  will  change  by  sketching  the  func2on  F(x)!    

Let  us  assume  that  there  is  y=1  ladybug.  Then  

Page 37: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

(3)  Sketch  the  func2on  F(x)=G(x)-­‐P(x,1)  

•  My  sketch  looks  like  (from  Lect  5.3):        (A)    (B)                                  (C)        (D)  

Page 38: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

My  sketch  looks  like:  

•  Both  func2ons:  

•  Subtrac2ng:  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 39: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Use  the  sketch  of  net  growth  rate    to  indicate  how  the    

aphid  popula2on  changes      

UBC    Math  102  

Aphid  popula2on,  x  

Page 40: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Solu2on:  

   

UBC    Math  102  

Aphid  popula2on,  x  

+-­‐  

+

Page 41: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Alternate  way:  

We  can  also  see  this  from  the  graphs  of  the  growth  rate  G(x)  and  preda2on  rate  P(x)  

+

-­‐  

+

Aphid  popula2on,  x  

Page 42: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

(4)  What  does  this  tell  us?  

(A)  One  ladybug  can  control  the  aphid  popula2on  (B)  The  aphid  popula2on  will  always  grow  (C)  The  ladybug  popula2on  has  a  carrying  capacity  (D)  If  there  are  too  many  aphids  ini2ally,  then  one  ladybug  will  not  be  able  to  control  their  level  (E)  A  large  aphid  popula2on  cannot  be  sustained  due  to  resource  limita2ons.    

Page 43: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

For  further  study:  

(1) Draw  a  slope  field  and  some  solu2on  curves  for  the  same  system  

(2)  How  would  your  conclusions  change  for  a  type  II  predator  response?  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 44: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

What  if..  

The  growth  rate  of  aphids  is  really  high  (1)  or  really  low  (2)?            (1)                  (2)  

Page 45: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

What  if  the  predator  popula2on  also  changes?  

Aphids:                  dx/dt  =  rate  of  (birth  –mortality)                -­‐rate  of  preda2on    

     Ladybugs:          dy/dt  =  rate  of  birth  –  rate  of                            mortality  

 UBC    Math  102  

Page 46: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

What  if  the  predator  popula2on  also  changes?  

Aphids:                  dx/dt  =  rate  of  (birth  –mortality)                -­‐rate  of  preda2on    

     Ladybugs:          dy/dt  =  rate  of  birth  –  rate  of                            mortality  

 UBC    Math  102  

The  more  I  eat,  the  more  babies  I  

make  

Page 47: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

What  if  the  predator  popula2on  also  changes?  

Aphids:                  dx/dt  =  r  x  –  P(x,  y)    Ladybugs:          dy/dt  =  k  P(x,  y)  –  d  y    The  popula2ons  are  linked  to  one  another!  “Coupled  system  of  differen2al  equa2ons”  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 48: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

(aphids,  ladybugs)=(x(t),  y(t))      Given  an  ini2al  value  of  x  and  y,  we  can  find  how  x  and  y  change:    Known  (x,y)  à  pick  small  step  Δt,                    à  calculate  (Δx,  Δy)  directly  from  DE  

                                                                                                                                                                       

UBC    Math  102  

dx/dt  =  r  x  –  P(x,y)  dy/dt  =  k  P(x,  y)  –  dy      

Page 49: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

(aphids,  ladybugs)=(x(t),  y(t))    

 Pick  a  point:                                                                                                                                                                                                                

UBC    Math  102  

Aphids,    x  

               

ladybu

gs    y  

dx/dt  =  r  x  –  P(x,y)  dy/dt  =  k  P(x,  y)  –  dy      

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(aphids,  ladybugs)=(x(t),  y(t))    

                                                                                                                                                                                                               

UBC    Math  102  

Aphids,    x  

               

ladybu

gs    y  

dx/dt  =  r  x  –  P(x,y)  dy/dt  =  k  P(x,  y)  –  dy      

(x(t),  y(t))    

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(aphids,  ladybugs)=(x(t),  y(t))    

                                                                               use  diff’l  eq  to  compute  and  draw  an  arrow:                                                                                                                                                                                                                

UBC    Math  102  

Aphids,    x  

               

ladybu

gs    y  

dx/dt  =  r  x  –  P(x,y)  dy/dt  =  k  P(x,  y)  –  dy      

(Δx,  Δy)    

(x(t),  y(t))    

Page 52: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

(aphids,  ladybugs)=(x(t),  y(t))    

 Con2nue  this  at  many  points:  Direc2on  field                                                                                                                                                                                                                

UBC    Math  102  

Aphids,    x  

               

ladybu

gs    y  

dx/dt  =  r  x  –  P(x,y)  dy/dt  =  k  P(x,  y)  –  dy      

Page 53: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

(x(t),  y(t))    

 Direc2on  field:                                  y                                                                                                                                                                                  x  

UBC    Math  102  

Aphids,    x  

dx/dt  =  r  x  –  P(x)  y  dy/dt  =  k  P(x)  y  –  d  y  

               

ladybu

gs    y  

(Δx,  Δy)    

Page 54: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

(aphids,  ladybugs)=(x(t),  y(t))    

 Using  the  direc2on  field,  draw  solu2on  curves:                                                                                                                                                                                                                

UBC    Math  102  

Aphids,    x  

               

ladybu

gs    y  

dx/dt  =  r  x  –  P(x,y)  dy/dt  =  k  P(x,  y)  –  dy      

Page 55: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Solu2on  curve  

   

UBC    Math  102  

dx/dt  =  r  x  –  P(x)  y  dy/dt  =  k  P(x)  y  –  d  y      

               

ladybu

gs    y  

Aphids,    x  

Page 56: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Solu2on  curve  

   

UBC    Math  102  

dx/dt  =  r  x  –  P(x)  y  dy/dt  =  k  P(x)  y  –  d  y      

Aphids,    x  

               

ladybu

gs    y  

Page 57: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Cycles  of  aphids  and  ladybugs!  

   

UBC    Math  102  

Aphids  x(t)  

               ladybugs  y(t)  

2me  

Page 58: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

The  solu2on  curves  are  now  in  3D  

   Curve  for  (t,x(t),y(t)):  

Time  t  à  

x  

y  

Page 59: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Stereoscopic  view  

           Demo  of  XPP  ..  

Page 60: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

Evalua2on  forms  

Please  complete  a  teaching  evalua2on:  

hVps://eval.ctlt.ubc.ca/science    Thank  you  for  par2cipa2ng  in  this  important  survey!  

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XPP  code:  #x=aphids  #y=ladybugs  dx/dt=r*x-­‐y*b*x^2/(k^2+x^2)  dy/dt=y*c*x^2/(k^2+x^2)-­‐d*y    init  x=50,y=1    param  r=0.5,k=20,b=30,c=5,d=2  @  xplot=t,yplot=y,zplot=x,axes=3d  @  xmin=0,xmax=100,ymin=0,ymax=5,zmin=0,zmax=60  @  xlo=-­‐2,ylo=-­‐2,xhi=2,yhi=2  @  phi=60  done  

XPP  is  free  soOware  wriVen  by  my  friend  

 Bard  Ermentrout.    See  me  for  more  informa2on  

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Answers  

•  1  B  •  2  C  •  3  B  •  4  D  

UBC    Math  102  

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Prac2ce  Problems    

Similar  to  problems  that  could  appear  on  an  exam  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 64: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

(1)  Slope  fields  

The  following  slope  field  correspond  to  which  differen2al  equa2on?  (Assume  r  >  0.)        

UBC    Math  102  

Page 65: Related(rates(keshet/M102/2015/Lect12.1.pdf · Quiz4(Solu2ons:(Paents(in(the(Emergency(Room(Q1)[5 Pts](Paent1(lapses(in(and(outof(consciousness(due(to(methanol(poisoning.(The(nurse(informs(you(thatwhen(admiVed,(att=0,

(2)  Steady  states  

Based  on  the  slope  field,  what  are  the  steady  states  and  which  are  stable?  (assume  r  >  0.)      

UBC    Math  102  

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Newton’s  Law  of  cooling  

Sketch  a  slope  field  and  solu2on  curves  for  the  differen2al  equa2on  for  Newton’s  Law  of  cooling      Assume  that  k=0.2,  E=10.      

UBC    Math  102  

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(3)  Steady  state  

The  steady  state  temperature  is    (A) 10  (B) 5  (C) 2  (D)   0.2  (E)   0  

UBC    Math  102  

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General  case  

UBC    Math  102  

Now  sketch  a  slope  field  and  solu2on  curves  in  the  general  case  shown  above  (assume  k>0)  

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(4)  The  steady  state  is  

(A) T=0,  unstable  (B) T=kE,  stable  (C) T=kE,  unstable  (D) T=E,  stable  (E) T=E,  unstable  

UBC    Math  102  


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