Relative humidity and dewpoint temperature provide the same exact information and can be used interchangeably.Select one:TrueFalseWhich statement best defines the convention for identification of wind direction?Select one:a. the direction from which the wind is blowingb. the direction toward which the wind blowingc. the average direction the wind blew from during the past hourd. the expected wind direction during the next hourUnder the right conditions, graupel can grow into hail by collecting supercooled water droplets.Select one:TrueFalseA typical extratropical cyclone has a diameter on the order of 1000 miles, nearly half the size of the U.S.Select one:TrueFalseWhat term describes the force per unit area applied by water vapor molecules only?Select one:a. vapor pressureb. relative humidityc. dewpoint temperatured. saturation vapor pressureA north wind means that the wind is blowing from:Select one:a. the south to the northb. the north to the southc. the east toward the north poled. higher pressure toward lower pressure in the Northern Hemisphere.

Which of the following is not considered to be a basic property of the atmosphere?Select one:a. pressureb. temperaturec. moisture contentd. wind [speed and direction]e. wind chill

Miami has a temperature of 80F and a dewpoint temperature of 55F. Boston has a temperature of 15F and a dewpoint temperature of 13F. Which statement is incorrectconcerning these two cities?Select one:a. Miami has the higher vapor pressure.b. Miami has the higher relative humidity.c. Boston has less water vapor in the atmosphere.d. Miami has the higher saturation vapor pressure.e. Miami and Boston have very different values of relative humidity.

The type of turbulence that develops when wind speed changes rapidly with height is:Select one:a. thermal turbulenceb. political turbulencec. adiabatic turbulenced. mechanical turbulencee. shear-induced turbulence

Friction acts to slow down the wind and is a significant force throughout the entire troposphere.Select one:TrueFalseWhat is the term used to describe a narrow band of strong winds encircling the Earth in middle-latitudes?Select one:a. cycloneb. jetstreamc. jetstreakd. storm systemAlbert Einstein first stated the physical laws governing motion, including air motion.Select one:TrueFalse

The atmosphere is typically in hydrostatic balance everywhere except which location?Select one:a. at the polesb. at the equatorc. in thunderstormsd. in strong high-pressure systems

What is the ultimate driver of Earths weather?Select one:a. the Sunb. the jetstreamc. the tilt of the Earthd. land/ocean distribution

Trees, buildings and terrain features all deflect air in different directions, mixing air down from aloft and up from the surface, resulting in thermal turbulence.Select one:TrueFalse

________________________________If a person wanted to estimate the value of relative humidity, which two variables could she compare?Select one:a. air temperature and saturation vapor presureb. air temperature and sea level pressurec. air temperature and dewpoint temperatured. dewpoint temperature and relative humiditye. dewpoint temperature and sea level pressure

What are clouds composed of?Select one:a. water vaporb. ice crystalsc. liquid water dropletsd. Both b and c are correct.e. a, b, and c are all correct

The pressure at the top of the Sears Tower in Chicago is lower than the pressure at the bottom of the Tower.Select one:TrueFalseDuring which phase changes is latent heatreleased intothe atmosphere?Select one:a. melting and freezingb. evaporation and meltingc. condensation and freezingd. evaporation and condensation

What unit of pressure is most commonly used by meteorologists?Select one:a. millibar [mb]b. inches of mercury [in Hg]c. pounds per square inch [lb/in2]

How does the average speed of air molecules influence the atmosphere?Select one:a. It determines the air temperature.b. It indicates the presence of clouds.c. It indicates if there will be precipitation.d. It determines what the relative humidity is.

Which statement best defines the convention for identification of wind direction?Select one:a. the direction from which the wind is blowingb. the direction toward which the wind blowingc. the average direction the wind blew from during the past hourd. the expected wind direction during the next hour

The atmosphere is in hydrostatic balance if the vertical pressure gradient force exactly balances the downward Coriolis force.Select one:TrueFalse

Where is the pressure gradient force directed from higher pressure toward lower pressure?Select one:a. only at the equatorb. at all places on earthc. only in the Northern Hemisphered. only in the Southern Hemispheree. at all places on earth except for the equator

The _________ is an apparent force associated with the rotation of the earth.Select one:a. Coriolis forceb. frictional forcec. gravitational forced. vertical pressure gradient forcee. horizontal pressure gradient force

The pole to equator temperature gradient is much stronger in winter than in summer. Therefore, the jetstream aloft will generally be much stronger in winter than in summer.Select one:TrueFalse

All air on Earth has angular momentum, except for what location(s)?Select one:a. the north poleb. the south polec. the equatord. Both a and b are correct.e. a, b, and c are all correct.

Pressure varies in the vertical from 1013.25 mb at Earths surface (on average) to what value near the tropopause?Select one:a. ~300 mbb. ~30 mbc. ~3 mbd. ~0.3 mb

Hydrostatic balance is achieved when which two forces are balanced?Select one:a. friction and gravityb. vertical pressure gradient force and gravityc. horizontal pressure gradient force and frictiond. horizontal pressure gradient force and Coriolis force

Which statement isnotcorrect?Select one:a. Friction always reduces the wind speed.b. Friction leads to the strengthening of surface low-pressure centers.c. Friction leads to a deflection to the left of the geostrophic wind direction, toward the low pressure side of isobars.d. Friction always acts to turn the wind such that the flow has a component from higher pressure toward lower pressure.e. Friction influences air flow up to roughly 3 km above the surface.

Divergence removes mass from a column of air while convergence adds mass to a column of air.Select one:TrueFalseThe divergent quadrants of a jetstreak are the left entrance and right exit regions.Select one:TrueFalseWhich of the following can enhance surface high-pressure systems?Select one:a. Convergence in the right exit region of a jetstreakb. Convergence due to curvature in the jetstream.c. The cooling of the air in the vicinity of the high.d. a and b are both correct.e. a, b, and c are all correct.

The divergent quadrants of a jetstreak are its ________ and ________ quadrants.Select one:a. left entrance; left exitb. left entrance; right exitc. right entrance; left exitd. right entrance; right exite. right entrance; left entrance

If an air column is cooled through radiational cooling, what will happen to the surface pressure?Select one:a. It will increase.b. It will decrease.c. It will stay the same.d. It will become unbearable.

The effect of changing flow curvature in the jetstream is to create ________ downstream of the ridge axis and ________ downstream of the trough axis.Select one:a. divergence; divergenceb. divergence; convergencec. convergence; divergenced. convergence; convergence

Which of the following would typically be the coldest airmass?Select one:a. continental tropical (cT)b. maritime tropical (mT)c. maritime polar (mP)d. continental polar (cP)

It is May on the Great Plains. A cold front is advancing toward you. What type of weather conditions would you expect to find if the cold front is advancing intowarm, moist, conditionally unstable air?Select one:a. thunderstormsb. widespread fogc. freezing rain and sleetd. clear skies

It is May on the Great Plains. A cold front is advancing toward you. What type of weather conditions would you expect to find if the cold front is advancing intowarm, moist, stable air? PAGE 158Select one:a. thunderstormsb. widespread fogc. freezing rain and sleetd. clear skies light rain or no rain at all.

Along a stationary front, air on the cold side of the front always moves in what direction?Select one:a. upwardsb. perpendicular to the frontc. parallel to the frontd. to the south

Flooding can be a significant hazard associated with stationary fronts.Select one:TrueFalse

Clouds that develop along warm fronts typically are layered in nature and any precipitation tends to be more widespread and steady.Select one:TrueFalse

Extratropical cyclones are ultimately destroyed by precipitation.Select one:TrueFalse

Cooling a column of air causes the surface pressure to lower.Select one:TrueFalse

What type of surface pressure systems are typically associated with fair weather?Select one:a. high pressureb. low pressurec. both high and low pressure are associated with fair weather

Convergence throughout an entire air column is associated with increasing surface pressure.Select one:TrueFalse

Air flows cyclonically around low-pressure centers.Select one:TrueFalse

Air moving in a straight line that decelerates will lead to the development of a region of convergence over the area of deceleration.Select one:TrueFalse

Divergence removes mass from a column of air while convergence adds mass to a column of air.Select one:TrueFalse

Friction:Select one:a. increases wind speed at the surface.b. is most important in the upper troposphere.c. decreases surface wind speeds, ultimately leading to air flowing toward surface low-pressure centers.d. exists between you and your sweetheart because you forgot Valentines Day.

If you examine a surface map and discover that there is a region where cold air is retreating and warm air is advancing toward it, you would classify this as what meteorological feature?Select one:a. an airmassb. a stationary frontc. a warm frontd. a cold front+Which dimension doesnotmatch a possible depth of airmass?Select one:a. from the surface to the tropopauseb. 5 kilometers (~ half the depth of the troposphere)c. 1 to 2 kilometersd. 1 to 2 meters

Which of the following can enhance surface low-pressure systems?Select one:a. divergence in the left exit region of a jetstreakb. convergence due to curvature in the jetstreamc. the cooling of the air in the vicinity of the lowd. a and b are both correct.e. None of the above are correct.

Over land, the turning of air across isobars due to friction is on the order of 80 to 90 degrees.Select one:TrueFalse

1.the following four questions, match the arrows drawn below for the set of 500 mb isoheights with their correct forces or winds:

direction of the pressure gradient force Bdirection of the geostrophic wind in the Southern Hemisphere Adirection of the geostrophic wind in the Northern Hemisphere C

direction of the Coriolis force (assuming geostrophic balance) D

The image below shows the 500 mb map from 6:00 a.m. Tuesday morning (January 28) when wintry precipitation was occurring just to the south of Monroe. The solid black lines on the map are the isoheights and the green shading represents higher values of relative humidity at 500 mb. Complete the following questions about the 500 mb map given below:Rank the states given below from 1-4 by the state with the largest (or strongest) pressure gradient ("1") to the state with the smallest (or weakest) pressure gradient ("4") represented by the slope of the isoheights implied above.Oregon 5700 1 STRONGEST weakestPennsylvania 5160 4 WEAKEST strongestUtah 5640 3 6 mi)

What is voltage related to?Select one:a. the strength of an electrical currentb. the speed of an electrical currentc. the strength of an attractive force of electrical origind. the insulating capacity of a substance

A tropical weather system is given a number when it reaches which status?Select one:a. tropical disturbanceb. tropical depressionc. tropical stormd. hurricane

A tropical weather system is given a name when it reaches which status?Select one:a. tropical disturbanceb. tropical depressionc. tropical stormd. hurricane

Air descends __________ in the eye of a hurricane and rises __________ in the eyewall.Select one:a. slowly; slowlyb. slowly; more rapidlyc. rapidly; more rapidlyd. rapidly; slowly

Hurricanes that develop in the Northern Hemisphere often migrate into the Southern Hemisphere.Select one:TrueFalse

By what atmospheric variable do meteorologists classify the strength of storms in the tropics?Select one:a. maximum wind gustb. highest air temperaturec. lowest sea level pressured. highest sea surface temperaturee. maximum sustained wind speed

What does the layered structure of many hailstones result from?Select one:a. recycling, i.e., a looping trajectoryb. varying concentrations of pollutants in the airc. varying rates of accretion of supercooled waterd. lightning strikes that occurred in the portion of the cloud where the hailstones were growing

Hail develops in thunderstorms with updrafts that have ______.Select one:a. very large diametersb. very warm temperaturesc. very strong (fast) upward vertical motionsd. slanted profiles

Which of the following characteristics of a radar beam can be used to distinguish regions of hail and regions of heavy rain?Select one:a. frequencyb. polarizationc. duration of the transmitted pulsesd. time between the transmitted pulses

Which statement regarding hail isincorrect?Select one:a. Large hail is associated with strong thunderstorms.b. Hail reaches the ground in only a small fraction of thunderstorms.c. Hail causes problems on Earths surface but never poses a hazard to aircraft.d. Hailstorms can fall in great numbers from a thunderstorm, effectively covering the entire ground.

Which statement regarding graupel isnotcorrect?Select one:a. Graupel are soft ice particles.b. The consistency of graupel is similar to that of hail.c. The largest concentration of graupel in a supercell thunderstorm is found immediately surrounding the BWER.d. The embryo curtain is often comprised of graupel.

Immediately prior to a normal polarity cloud-to-ground lightning strike, what are the respectivenet chargesof the upper cloud, lower cloud and the ground?Select one:a. negative, positive, negativeb. positive, negative, positivec. negative, negative, positived. positive, positive, negative

What is the estimated annual loss in the United States due to lightning?Select one:a. $1 millionb. $4 to 5 millionc. $1 billiond. $4 to 5 billione. $10 billion

Which of the following is (are) a good conductor(s)?Select one:a. airb. metalc. waterd. plastice. b and c are both correct.

Approximately what percentage of lightning victims are male?Select one:a. 35 percentb. 50 percentc. 65 percentd. 85 percent

At what altitude are the strongest winds of a hurricane found?Select one:a. at the sea surfaceb. 0.5 to 1 km (0.3 to 0.6 mi) above the surfacec. 5 km (3 mi)d. near the tropopause

What process generates the warm core in the eye of a hurricane?Select one:a. frictionb. solar heatingc. wind sheard. warm, ocean watere. adiabatic descent, compressional heating

What part of the hurricane emanates out from the center of the cyclone and is associated with a curled shape, as viewed from above?Select one:a. eyeb. funnelc. eyewalld. spiral rainband

The strongest hurricanes are ranked EF5 on the Enhanced Fujita scale.Select one:TrueFalse

Information about the rotational wind speeds and forward movement of four hurricanes is provided in the sketches below. Four quadrants in each storm are defined relative to the direction the storm is moving. Use the information to evaluate the winds in the eyewall in the four quadrants of the storm (right, left, front and back). In addition, use the information provided to determine the Saffir-Simpson rating of each hurricane.

Wind in S quadrant of Hurricane Abby 70Answer 1

Wind in N quadrant of Hurricane Abby 70Answer 2

Wind in W quadrant of Hurricane Abby 75Answer 3

Wind in E quadrant of Hurricane Carolyn 75Answer 4

Saffir Simpson rating for Hurricane Abby cat1Answer 5

Wind in N quadrant of Hurricane Carolyn 95Answer 6

Wind in NE quadrant of Hurricane Benny 130Answer 7

Wind in W quadrant of Hurricane Don 130Answer 8

Saffir Simpson rating for Hurricane Benny cat 3Answer 9

Saffir Simpson rating for Hurricane Don cat 3Answer 10

Wind in N quadrant of Hurricane Don 130Answer 11

Wind in SW quadrant of Hurricane Benny 160Answer 12

Match the statements to the types of lightning phenomena listed below. Some answers canbe used more than once.HLheat lightningBEbead lightningSLsheet lightningSESt. Elmos FireRSred spritesBJblue jetsELelvesBAball lightningPPpositive polarity lightningSTstepped leaderLightning from the anvil region of a thunderstorm. PPAnswer 1

Disk-shaped regions of light found far above a thunderstorm. ELAnswer 2

Earliest part of a lightning discharge in which negative charge begins to descend below cloud base. STAnswer 3

Floats in air after a lightning strike; ranges in color and may last 30 seconds. BAAnswer 4

Lightning stroke breaks into separate, distinct segments of light that do not last long enough to be observed by the human eye. BEAnswer 5

Cannot be detected by the naked eye, but extend in a cone shape from the top of the active part of thunderstorms. BJAnswer 6

Illuminates a cloud uniformly. SLAnswer 7

Large, weak luminous flashes that emanate upward from the anvil regions of thunderstorms and are brightest at heights of 65 to 75 km. RSAnswer 8

Flash of light overhead from a lighting stroke so far in the distance that thunder is not heard. HLAnswer 9

Sparks that occur on metal objects. SEAnswer 10

Melissa J. HintonATMS 1002Synthesis Activity 3

Chapter 1--Temperature1. Temperatures _______________ with height up to 12 km, they _______________ once they reach over 12 km up to 50 km. Once they reach over 50 km they _______________ again. Temperatures increase near the borders of outer space.

A. decrease; increase; increaseB. increase; decrease; increaseC. decrease; increase; decrease (pg. 4)D. increase; increase; increaseE. They all vary each day depending on the weather patterns.

Chapter 8Curved Flow1. In curved flows around the high-pressure, the true flow will be _______________ than its geostrophic value.A. slowerB. the same (pg. 141)C. fasterD. none of the above

Chapter 12Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere during Freezing Precipitation1. _______________ create(s) freezing precipitation when the snow falls from high in the clouds into an atmospheric level where the temperatures exceed 0C.A. supercooled warm rain processB. melting levelsC. freezing drizzleD. freezing rainE. none of the above (pg. 209melting process)

Chapter 11Gulf Coast Cyclones1. Which climatic change is taking place when subtropical jetstreams are stronger due to the surface sea temperatures and moisture in the tropical atmosphere? A. El Nino (pg. 198)B. TornadoC. HurricaneD. La NinaE. Cyclone

Chapter 15Extreme EventThe Winter of Blizzards1. Which state(s) have had the worst blizzard(s) on record?A. South DakotaB. New YorkC. MinnesotaD. North DakotaE. Both B & CF. Both A & D (pg. 263)