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T@NYDRXN\E\DE HRD\N@ LNAN\RND HE@\DANRBTHTRD\N
IEHTK\E\DE LD KNABN N KN\DRE\TRN X\RN@D
KTHRERD LD KNHD@
Hg`lth|gr |nn`ninh=
HG@I. LR. BGCLE@ \DI@DXHT
Ebxgkyd`|=
NKND EKDVE@LRE XHERKD\
BTHTRD\N
2::8
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T@NYDRXN\E\DE HRD\N@ LNAN\RND HE@\DANRBTHTRD\N
IEHTK\E\DE LD KNABN N KN\DRE\TRN X\RN@D
Rdke|nyd Ydrxtx Ebxgkt|d Yektdx E Hrn|nhek Ezzrgehf |g |fd
It`h|ng` gi Ke`ctecd n` e \g|ekn|erne` X~x|da
Hg`lth|gr |nn`ninh=
HG@I. LR. BGCLE@ \DI@DXHT
Ebxgkyd`|=
NKND EKDVE@LRE XHERKD\
BTHTRD\N
2::8
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HG@\D@\X
Hfez|dr 5 9
5 5 N@\RGLTH\NG@ 95 2 \fd Enax 6
5 2 5 Bexnh Exxtaz|ng`x \fd Aervnx| Ezzrgehf |g Kn|dre|trd 6
5 2 2 Irga Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx |g Hrn|nhek Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx >5 2 2 5 E` Gydrkggo g` Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx >
5 2 2 2 E Lnygrhd \fd Enax gi Hrn|nhek Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx &HLE. 55
5 2 8 Igraek Ide|trdx n` |fd E`ek~xnx gi Lnxhgtrxd 5
B. Hgfdrd`hd 5>
H. N`idrd`hn`c 2:
L. Hgaag` Xd`xd e`l Nldgkgc~ 2:
5 2 8 4 Igraek Ide|trdx n` |fd E`ek~xnx gi Lnxhgtrxd 2:
E Ldxhrnz|ng` 25B N`|drzrd|e|ng` 28
H Dvzke`e|ng` 24
Hfez|dr 2 292 5 \fd Ebxgkt|nx| \reln|ng` 29
2 5 5 Cdrae` Nldeknxa 23
2 5 2 \fd Xghnek \fdgr~ 232 2 \fd Aervnx| \fdgr~ 2>
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2 2 2 Hkexx X|rtcckd e`l Hezn|ek 82
2 2 8 Rdygkt|ng` 88
2 8 Irga Aervnxa |g X|ekn`nxa \fd Ecd gi \g|ekn|erne`nxa 89
2 < E Xfgr| Hrn|nutd gi |fd N`hg`xnx|d`h~ gi |fd Aervnx| \fdgr~
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HFEZ\DR 5
5 5 N@\RGLTH\NG@\fnx zezdr nx hg`hdr`dl sn|f |fd e`ek~xnx gi it`h|ng` gi ke`ctecd n` e |g|ekn|erne` x~x|da
\fd |g|ekn|erne` x|e`lzgn`| hkenax |g bd n` zgxxdxxng` gi ebxgkt|d |rt|f+ |fd g`k~ x~x|da gi
|fgtcf| hezebkd |g ldek sn|f |fd zrgbkdax gi knid+ zrgbkdax |fe| erd gi e lnydrxd lniinhtk|~
nazgxxnbkd igr |fd hgaag` zdgzkd |g t`ldrx|e`l |fda Xg e |g|ekn|erne` an`l sgtkl zrghkena |fd
ebxgkt|d rdke|nyn|~ gi o`gskdlcd e`l sgtkl fnld n|x ebxgkt|d hg`|rgk gi n`igrae|ng` t`ldr |fd
aexo gi |fd ygnhd gi |fd zdgzkd+ |fd Xeyngtr
Gtr Kdeldr+ Hgareld @ezgkdg`+ e``gt`hdl Xutdekdr+ xzdeon`c ydr~ xkgsk~ e`l inrak~+
fex x|e|dl he|dcgrnhekk~ he|dcgrnhekk~+ hgareld |fe| X`gsbekk sex Mg`dxx ecd`| irga |fd
ydr~ bdcn``n`c ~dx+ e`l irga kg`c bdigrd |fd Rdbdkkng` sex dydr |fgtcf| gi
Ef+ |fe| nx lniidrd`|% xenl Bgvdr Ni Hgareld @ezgkdg` xe~x n|+ n| atx| bd rncf|
&Grsdkk 5>68+ 68+ 345.
\g |fnx |fdxnx+ N n`|d`l |g hgt`|drzgnxd |fd ynds ehhgrln`c |g sfnhf ke`ctecd nx `g| g`k~
e` nldgkgcnhek ydfnhkd igr hkexx x|rtcckd N bdkndyd |fe| knid+ ltd |g n|x yerngtx n`x|e`hdx+ hg |en`x e
snld re`cd gi zdrxzdh|nydx+ ute`|n|e|nydk~ e`l utekn|e|nydk~ lniidrd`|+ e`l |fe| zdgzkd xtbxhrnbd
|g |fdxd n`x|e`hdx n` ehhgrle`hd |g |fdnr n`lnynltek bdkndix sfnhf erd `g| g`k~ xghnekk~ ldzd`ld`|+
bt| ekxg dvzrdxx e zdrxg`ek |n`cd \ftx+ N n`|d`l |g zrgyd |fe| ke`ctecd txd zrgynldx g|fdr |~zdx
gi lnxhgtrxd |fe| zrgag|d hggzdre|ng` e`l `dcg|ne|ng` bd|sdd` n`lnynltekx e`l xghnek hkexxdx
\fdrdigrd+ N xfekk erctd igr |fd rdke|nyd o`gskdlcd gi knid+ zrgyn`c |fe| |rt|f nx yeknl agrd gr kdxx
ldzd`ln`c g` hg`|dv|
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\fd hrn| nhek ezzrgehf |fe| Na cgn`c |g txd nx hekkdl Hrn|nhek Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx &HLE.
e`l n| nx bexdl g` e relnhek yndszgn`| ehhgrln`c |g sfnhf ke`ctecd nx e` nldgkgcnhek ydfnhkd |fe|
dvzrdxxdx ebxgkt|d zgsdr x|rtcckd e| dydr~ xghnek kdydk= irga |fd zdrxg`ek kdydk |g |fd giinhnek
g`d N n`|d`l |g zrgyd |fe| |fd nldgkgcnhek txd gi ke`ctecd |g lgan`e|d g|fdr zdgzkd lgdx`| feyd
e` ebxgkt|d yektd \fnx |fdxnx nx zer|nhtker |g e |g|ekn|erne` x~x|da+ ieagtx igr n|x ae`nztke|nyd
|dhf`nutdx gi n`lnynltek e`l xghnek gzzrdxxng`
\fdrdigrd+ n` |fd inrx| hfez|dr gi |fnx zezdr N zrdxd`| |fd hrn|nhek ad|fglgkgc~ n`xnx|n`c g`
n|x bexnh hrn|drne |fe| hkenax |fe| lnxhgtrxd nx xfezdl b~ xghnek igrhdx e`l n` |tr`+ n| rdagtklx |fd
ftae` bdkndix b~ ade`x gi nldgkgcnhek exxtaz|ng`x Nldgkgc~ nx |fd bexnh x|re|dc~ |frgtcf sfnhf
zgsdr x|rtcckd nx aen`|en`dl n` |fd xghnek x|re|e
N` hfez|dr 2+ N lnxhtxx |fd grncn`x gi |fd |fdxnx gi xghnek x|rtcckd+ x|er|n`c irga |fdCdrae` Nldeknxa &|fd rgg| gi ebxgkt|nxa. rdehfn`c |fd agad`| gi |fd Aervnx| |fdgr~ gi hkexx
x|rtcckd sfnhf+ itr|fdr g`+ |re`xigradl n` |fd gzzrdxxnyd |fdxnx gi |fd |g|ekn|erne` ecd
N` hfez|dr 8+ N n`|rglthd |fd rdeldr |g Grsdkkx kn|drer~ hrde|ng` N aeod e xfgr|
zrdxd`|e|ng` gi fnx zgkn|nhek grnd`|e|ng` n` grldr |g t`ldrx|e`l |fd `e|trd gi fnx agx| nazgr|e`|
`gydkx+ E`naek Iera e`l @n`d|dd` Dncf|~!Igtr N` |fnx hfez|dr N ekxg lsdkk tzg` |fd zrgbkdax
gi ke`ctecd+ |fd se~ Grsdkk zdrhdnydl |fda+ sn|f rdxzdh| |g |fd |g|ekn|erne` x~x|da gi
n`igrae|ng`ek hg`|rgk
N` hfez|dr
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5 2 \fd Enax
5 2 5 Bexnh Exxtaz|ng`x \fd Aervnx| Ezzrgehf |g Kn|dre|trd
\fnx zezdr nx aen`k~ hg`hdr`dl sn|f Hrn|nhek Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx ezzkndl |g kn|drer~ sgro
\fnx rdutnrdx xgad dvzke`e|ng`x ebgt| |fd zdrxzdh|nyd g` |fd bexnx gi sfnhf |fnx hrn|nhek |rd`l
e`ek~xdx |fd kn|drer~ sgro Inrx| gi ekk+ Hrn|nhek Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx nx rgg|dl n` @dg!Aervnx| e`l
Igthetklne` xghnek |fdgr~ e`l hkenax |fe| lnxhgtrxd nx g`d gi |fd zrn`hnzek eh|nyn|ndx |frgtcf
sfnhf nldgkgc~ nx hnrhtke|dl e`l rdzrglthdl Irga |fnx x|e`lzgn`|+ |fd kn|drer~ sgro nx
hg`xnldrdl |g bd |fd er|nhtke|ng` gi xghnek e`l fnx|grnhek igrhdx &Leynx ) Xhfkdnidr 5>>5+ vnn.
Hg`|dazgrer~ Aervnx| |fgtcf| dvzken`x |fe| htk|trd nx bdx| t`ldrx|ggl n` rdke|ng` |g |fd nlde gi
|fd xghnek `e|trd gi ftae` knid+ e `e|trd |fe| fex ekse~x bdd` hg`iknh|tek+ kdeln`c |g hkexfdx
bd|sdd` n`lnynltekx gr xghnek hkexxdx+ n` |fdnr x|rtcckd igr zgsdr Ltd |g |fnx zdrxzdh|nyd gi
ftae` dygkt|ng`+ lnekdh|nhek hrn|nhnxa xn|te|dx kn|dre|trd ex e xghnek zreh|nhd
Ae`~ Aervnx| hrn|nhx ldxhrnbd |fd lnekdh|nhek igrhdx xfezn`c e`l sgron`c sn|fn` er| N`
Lnxhgtrxd n` Knid e`l Lnxhgtrxd n` Er|+ A A Beof|n` n`xnx|x g` |fd lnekgcnhek `e|trd gi
kn`ctnx|nh+ zx~hfgkgcnhek+ nldgkgcnhek+ e`l er|nx|nh+ e`l xghnek rdke|ng`x=Ydrbek lnxhgtrxd+ |eod`
n` |fd brgeldr xd`xd ex e zfd`gad`g` gi htk|trek hgaat`nhe|ng`+ hdexdx |g bd xgad|fn`c xdki!
hg`|en`dl e`l he` `g kg`cdr bd t`ldrx|ggl n`ldzd`ld`|k~ gi |fd xghnek xn|te|ng` |fe| d`cd`ldrx
n| &Beof|n` 5>29+ >9 n` Leynx ) Xhfkdnidr 5>>5+ 5>6. Fd erctdx |fe| ydrbek lnxhgtrxd nx e
xghnek dyd`|? n| nx `g| xdki!hg`|en`dl n` |fd xd`xd gi xgad ebx|reh| kn`ctnx|nh ute`|n|~+ `gr he` n| bd
ldrnydl zx~hfgkgcnhekk~ irga |fd xzdeodrx xtbmdh|nyd hg`xhngtx`dxx |eod` n` nxgke|ng` &Beof|n`
5>29+ 5:4. \fd dv|re!ydrbek ! |fd ae|drnek'fnx|grnhek bexd d`|drx n`|g ydrbek lnxhgtrxd
n`hktln`c kn|drer~ lnxhgtrxd ex e` dxxd`|nek hg`x|n|t|nyd zer| gi |fd x|rth|trd gi n|x nazgr| N`
|fnx rdcerl+ Beof|n` erctdx+ hg`xhngtx`dxx n|xdki+ n`xgier ex n| nx e ydrbek zfd`gad`g`+ nx `g| mtx|
e zx~hfgkgcnhek zfd`gad`g` bt| ekxg+ e`l ebgyd ekk+ e` nldgkgcnhek zfd`gad`g`+ e zrglth| gi
xghnek n`|drhgtrxd &Beof|n` 5>29+ 554 n` Leynx ) Xhfkdnidr 5>>5+ 5>6. N` g|fdr sgrlx+ |fd
zfd`gad`g` gi zrnye|d dvzdrnd`hd+ ade`n`cx+ iddkn`cx+ dvnx|x n` lnekdh|nhek rdke|ng`xfnz |g ztbknh
xghnek igt`le|ng`x
N Kn|drer~ \fdgr~ + \drr~ Deckd|g` erctdx |fe| hrn|nhek lnxhgtrxd nx zgsdr+ e zer| gi |fd
zgkn|nhek e`l nldgkgcnhek fnx|gr~ gi gtr dzghf &Deckd|g` 5>68+ 2:8 n` Leynx ) Xhfkdnidr 5>>5+
2::. Ae`~ hg`|dazgrer~ hrn|nhx n`hktln`c Meadxg`+ Snkkneax+ Deckd|g`+ Xznyeh+ Dlserl Xenl+
e`l ae`~ gi |fd idan`nx| hrn|nhx xferd e x|rg`c xd`xd gi hrn|nutd ex e fnx|grnhekk~ xn|te|dl
eh|nyn|~ |fe| rdutdx| irga |fd hrn|nh e lddzdr nazknhe |ng` E`~ kn|drer~ |fdgr~+ Deckd|g` xe~x+ nx
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dn|fdr bgt`l tz sn|f zgkn|nhek bdkndix e`l nldgkgcnhek yektdx gr nx bkn`l |g zgsdr &Deckd|g`
5>68+ 2:8 n` Leynx ) Xhfkdnidr 5>>5+ 2::.
Aervnx| ezzrgehfdx |g kn|dre|trd n` |fd ke|d hd`|tr~ feyd ldae`ldl |fe| hrn|nhnxa bdhgad
agrd gydr|k~ zgkn|nhek+ |fe| n| e||daz|+ ex Aerv xenl+ `g| xnazk~ |g n`|drzrd| bt| |g hfe`cd |fdsgrkl &xdd xdh|ng` 2 5+ rdygkt|ng` . \fd lnekdh|nhek hrn|nhnxa sgrox gt| g` |fd bexnx |fe| ftae`
zreh|nhd bderx e` d`lkdxx ag|ng` &xdd xdh|ng` 2 5+ lnekdh|nhx.+ |fe| `g agld gi zrglth|ng` &.+
`g lgan`e`| xghnd|~ gr grldr gi xghnd|~ he``g| dvfetx| n| &Snkkneax 5>33+ >5+ 2:5.
Igr Aervnx| hrn|nhnxa+ |dv|tek dyd`|x+ |fe| nx lnxhgtrxdx+ zrglthd e` naecd gi fnx|gr~ ex
xghnek x|rtcckd+ gi hkexx x|rtcckd \fnx zreh|nhd nx dabdlldl n` Hrn|nhek Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx+
sfgxd ztrzgxd nx |g n`hrdexd hg`xhngtx`dxx gi fgs ke`ctecd hg`|rnbt|dx |g |fd lgan`e|ng` gi xgad zdgzkd b~ g|fdrx+ bdhetxd hg`xhngtx`dxx nx |fd inrx| x|dz |gserlx dae`hnze|ng`
&Ienrhkgtcf 5>>2+ 5.
\fd ade`n`c gi dae`hnze|ng` nx |fe| gi hfe`cd+ ex n` Aervx rdygkt|ng`er~ x|e|dad`|
|fd zgn`| nx |g hfe`cd _|fd fnx|gr~Q+ `g| g`k~ |g lnxhtxx n| \ftx+ Aervnx| hrn|nhek zreh|nhd
t`aexox n|x zer|nhtker agyn`c rfd|grnh |fe| zrgydx e` t`rdknebkd ad|fgl gi lnxhgtrxd e`ek~xnx
@dydr|fdkdxx+ kd| tx dx|ebknxf sfe| Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx nx+ e`l |fd` xdd sfe| Hrn|nhek
Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx hg`|rnbt|dx sn|f n` |fnx ae||dr
5 2 2 Irga Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx |g Hrn|nhek Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx
5 2 2 5 E` gydrkggo gi Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx
Igr e bd||dr t`ldrx|e`ln`c gi |fd zrn`hnzkdx gi Hrn|nhek Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx+ N xfekk
n`|rglthd n` |fnx xdh|ng` |fd bexnx irga sfnhf HLE fex zer|dl+ `eadk~ Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx+ bt|inrx| e ldin`n|ng` gi lnxhgtrxd nx rdutnrdl sfgxd eabnctn|~ sex lnxhtxxdl b~ \dt` ye` Lnmo n`
Lnxhgtrxd ex X|rth|trd e`l Zrghdxx &5>>6. Fd x|e|dx |fe| lnxhgtrxd nx e igra gi ke`ctecd txd
e`l n` elln|ng`+ fd xtccdx|x e agrd |fdgrd|nhek hg`hdz| gi lnxhgtrxd sfnhf nx agrd xzdhninh e`l
e| |fd xead |nad brgeldr n` n|x ezzknhe|ng` \fnx hg`hdz| sgtkl n`hktld xgad g|fdr dxxd`|nek
hgazg`d`|x+ `eadk~ sfg txdx ke`ctecd+ fgs +sf~ e`l sfd` G`d hfereh|drn}e|ng` gi lnxhgtrxd
|fe| dabglndx xgad gi |fdxd it`h|ng`ek exzdh|x nx |fe| gi e hgaat`nhe|nyd dyd`| \fe| nx+ zdgzkd
txd ke`ctecd n` grldr |g hgaat`nhe|d nldex gr bdkndix+ e`l |fd~ lg xg ex zer| gi agrd hgazkdv
xghnek dyd`|x Igr n`x|e`hd+ n` xthf xzdhninh xn|te|ng`x ex e` d`hgt`|dr sn|f irnd`lx+ e zfg`d hekk+
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e mgb n`|drynds+ ltrn`c e ynxn| |g |fd lgh|gr+ gr sfd` srn|n`c gr rdeln`c e `dsx rdzgr| \fnx
n`|dreh|ng`ek exzdh| gi lnxhgtrxd nx xgad|nadx ekxg ldxhrnbdl ex e igra gi ydrbek n`|dreh|ng` Xg
ier+ |fd hg`hdz| gi lnxhgtrxd fex ehhdz|dl |frdd aen` lnrdh|ng`x= &e. ke`ctecd txd+ &b. |fd
hgaat`nhe|ng` gi bdkndix+ e`l &h. n`|dreh|ng` n` xghnek xn|te|ng`x G` |fd g|fdr fe`l+ sd txd |fd
sgrl lnxhgtrxd agrd hg`hrd|dk~ ex e hgt`| `gt`+ e`l rdidr |g xn`ckd+ zer|nhtker hg`ydrxe|ng` gr
`dsx rdzgr|+ ex n` |fnx lnxhgtrxd gr e lnxhgtrxd g` |fd irg`| zecd N` |fe| hexd+ sd he` dyd`
txd |fd zktrek lnxhgtrxdx sfd` rdidrrn`c |g xdydrek n`x|e`hdx gi |dv| gr |eko
N| sex Ferrnx &5>42. sfg inrx| txdl |fd |dra lnxhgtrxd e`ek~xnx sfd` fd |gthfdl tzg`
x~`|ev gi t`n|x gi hgaat`nhe|ng` kercdr |fe` sgrlx gr xd`|d`hdx Dydr xn`hd |fd 5>9:x+ lnxhgtrxd
e`ek~xnx fex creltekk~ crgs` n`|g e rdxderhf |gznh gi athf hg`hdr`+ e`l |fd kex| |sg gr xg
ldheldx gi |fd |sd`|nd|f hd`|tr~ n` zer|nhtker sn|`dxxdl e `derk~ cdgad|rnh n`hrdexd n` |fd`tabdr gi er|nhkdx e`l bggox ldekn`c sn|f lnxhgtrxd e`ek~xnx hgthfdl sn|fn` yerngtx |fdgrd|nhek
ireadsgrox
Itr|fdragrd+ A K Ez|d erctdx |fe| Lnxhgtrxd e`ek~xnx+ |fgtcf zrnaernk~ e indkl gi
n`utnr~ n` kn`ctnx|nhx+ fex `gs bdhead atk|nlnxhnzkn`er~ n` `e|trd e`l |fd gbmdh| gi n`utnr~ ae~
ade` lniidrd`| |fn`cx |g xghngkn`ctnx|x+ e`|frgzgkgcnx|x+ zx~hfgkgcnx|x+ e`l hgazt|e|ng`ek
kn`ctnx|x+ dxzdhnekk~ |fgxd n`|drdx|dl n` er|ninhnek n`|dkkncd`hd E aemgr zrgbkda n` lnxhgtrxd
e`ek~xnx nx |fd dktxnyd `e|trd gi |fd gbmdh| gi n`utnr~= Lnxhgtrx d ex e kn`ctnx|nh |dv| hg`x|e`|k~dadrcdx e`l rd!dadrcdx+ nx hrde|dl e`l rdhrde|dl n` oddzn`c sn|f |fd ezzrgzrne|d xghnghtk|trek
hg`|dv| & Hg`hnxd D`h~hkgzedlne gi Zrecae|nhx 5>>6+ >5+ ynnn.
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\fd rgkd lnxhgtrxd e`ek~xnx zke~x fex bdd` fncfkncf|dl b~ Mgf`x|g`d sfd` xfd hkenax |fe|
lnxhgtrxd e`ek~xnx he` fdkz n` e`xsdrn`c e`~ utdx|ng` |fe| hgtkl bd exodl ebgt| ftae`x n`
xghnd|~ \fd zgn`| g` sfnhf xfd ightxdx nx |fd rdke|ng`xfnz bd|sdd` lnxhgtrxd e`l |fd sgrkl+rdn`igrhn`c |fd hkena |fe| lnxhgtrxd nx bg|f xfezdl b~ e`l fdkzx |g xfezd |fd ftae` knid sgrkl+ gr
|fd sgrkl ex sd dvzdrnd`hd n| Itr|fdr g`+ sn|f rdxzdh| |g |fd rgkd gi x|rth|trd n` lnxhgtrxd xfd
|fn`ox |fe| lnxhgtrxd nx it`lead`|ekk~ |fd rdxtk| gi ikdvnbkd x|re|dcndx+ `g| invdl rtkdx G` |fd
g|fdr fe`l+ |fd hrn|nhek ad|fglgkgc~ gi Ienrhkgtcf nx btnk| tzg` |fd nlde |fe| hg`ydrxe|ng` nx
x|rnh|k~ bexdl g` e invdl ze||dr`x &xdd xdh|ng` 5 2 8 adabdrx rdxgtrhdx . |g sfnhf zdgzkd rdxgr|
e| Mgf`x|g`d ekxg lnxhtxxdx ebgt| |fd hg``dh|ng`x bd|sdd` lnxhgtrxd e`l zdgzkdx ztrzgxdx
n`|d`|ng`x e`l cgekx+ hkenan`c |fe| ekk lnxhgtrxd nx bg|f elez|nyd e`l x|re|dcnh &Mgf`x|g`d 2::2+
5>9. Xfd tk|nae|dk~ dvean`dx hg`yd`|ng`x igr n`|drzrd|n`c ydrbek er| bdigrd hg`xnldrn`c
zdrigrae`hdx gi nld`|n|~+ hg`hktln`c |fe| Lnxhgtrxd nx `g| dn|fdr hgazkd|dk~ e ae||dr gi x|re|dc~
gr hgazkd|dk~ e it`h|ng` gi |fd xghnek hg`x|rth|ng` gi n`lnynltekx e`l |fd sgrkl &Mgf`x|g`d
2::2+ 223> n` Bnrhf 5>>8+ 8>.
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Agrd xzdhninhekk~+ ehhgrln`c |g Ordxx#x ldin`n|ng`+ HLE |rde|x ke`ctecd ex e |~zd gi
xghnek zreh|nhd eag`c ae`~ txdl igr rdzrdxd`|e|ng` e`l xnc`ninhe|ng` &n`hktln`c ynxtek naecdx+
atxnh+ cdx|trdx+ d|h . \dv|x erd zrglthdl b~ xghnekk~ xn|te|dl xzdeodrx e`l srn|drx \fd
rdke|ng`x gi zer|nhnze`|x n` zrglthn`c |dv|x erd `g| ekse~x dutek= |fdrd snkk bd e re`cd irga
hgazkd|d xgknlern|~ |g hgazkd|d n`dutekn|~ Ade`n`cx hgad ebgt| |frgtcf n`|dreh|ng` bd|sdd`
rdeldrx e`l rdhdnydrx e`l kn`ctnx|nh ide|trdx hgad ebgt| ex e rdxtk| gi xghnek zrghdxxdx+ sfnhf erd
`dydr erbn|rer~ N` agx| n`|dreh|ng`x+ txdrx gi ke`ctecd brn`c sn|f |fda lniidrd`| lnxzgxn|ng`x
|gserl ke`ctecd+ sfnhf erd hkgxdk~ rdke|dl |g xghnek zgxn|ng`n`cx Fnx|gr~ atx| ekxg bd |eod` n`|g
ehhgt`|+ ex nldgkgcnhekk~ e`l zgkn|nhekk~ n`ikdh|dl |nad In`ekk~+ zrdhnxd e`ek~xnx e`l
"ldxhrnz|ng`x gi |fd ae|drnekn|~ gi ke`ctecd" erd ieh|grx sfnhf erd ekse~x hfereh|drnx|nh gi HLE
N` elln|ng` |g ke`ctecd x|rth|trd+ nldgkgc~ ekxg fex e rgkd |g zke~ n` HLE Ordxx x|rdxxdx|fe| e`~ kn`ctnx|nh igra hg`xnldrdl n` nxgke|ng` fex `g xzdhninhekk~ ld|dran`e|d ade`n`c ex xthf+
`gr lgdx n| zgxxdxx e`~ nldgkgcnhek xnc`ninhe`hd gr it`h|ng` Hg`xdutd`|k~+ |fd ldin`dl e`l
ldknan|dl xd| gi x|e|dad`|x |fe| hg`x|n|t|d e lnxhgtrxd erd |fdaxdkydx dvzrdxxnyd gi e`l grce`n}dl
b~ e xzdhninh nldgkgc~ Ke`ctecd+ he` `dydr ezzder b~ n|xdki !n| ekse~x ezzderx ex |fd
rdzrdxd`|e|nyd gi e x~x|da gi kn`ctnx|nh |drax+ sfnhf |fdaxdkydx rdekn}d lnxhtrxnyd e`l
nldgkgcnhek x~x|dax &Ordxx 5>3>+ n` Bnrhf 5>>8+ 3>+ n` Bnrhf 5>>8+
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n`hktld e`ek~xdx gi cd`rd+ rfd|grnhek x|~kd+ e`l erctad`|e|ng` |g ld|dran`d |fd zrglth|ng` e`l
rdzrglth|ng` gi zgsdr e`l lgan`e`hd
E` dveazkd gi e hrn|nhek lnxhgtrxd e`ek~xnx ezzrgehf |g |fd dvean`e|ng` gi hkexx!bexdl
nldgkgc~ nx Ienrhkgtcfx &5>6>. Ke`ctecd e`l Zgsdr Ienrhkgtcf ezzkndx HLE |g dvzken` fgskn`ctnx|nh dkdad`|x it`h|ng` |g x|rth|trd |fd xghnek he|dcgr~ gi hkexx Fd xddx ke`ctecd ex e xghnek
zreh|nhd ldydkgzn`c irga+ ex sdkk ex aen`|en`n`c xghnek hg`ln|ng`x |fe| cnyd rnxd |g zgsdr
rdke|ng`x eknc`dl sn|f xghngdhg`ganh hkexx
\fd ezzrgehf |g ke`ctecd |fe| nx elgz|dl b~ Ienrhkgtcf+ nx hekkdl hrn|nhek ke`ctecd x|tl~
&HKX.+ n` sfnhf Hrn|nhek nx txdl n` |fd xzdhnek xd`xd gi enan`c |g xfgs tz hg``dh|ng`x sfnhf
ae~ bd fnlld` irga zdgzkd xthf ex |fd hg``dh|ng`x bd|sdd` ke`ctecd+ zgsdr e`l nldgkgc~
&Ienrhkgtcf 5>6>+ 4. HKX e`ek~xdx xghnek n`|dreh|ng`x ightxn`c tzg` |fdnr kn`ctnx|nh dkdad`|x+|r~n`c |g xfgs tz |fdnr cd`drekk~ fnlld` ld|dran`e`|x n` |fd x~x|da gi xghnek rdke|ng`xfnzx+ ex
sdkk fnlld` diidh|x |fd~ ae~ feyd tzg` |fe| x~x|da
\fd enax gi Ienr hkgtcfx |fdgr~ erd lnrdh|dl n` |sg se~x= |fdgrd|nhekk~+ fnx x|tl~ nx
ade`| |g xzrdel |fd nlde |fe| ke`ctecd nx e aen` |ggk n` |fd zrglth|ng`+ aen`|d`e`hd+ e`l hfe`cd
gi xghnek rdke|ng`x gi zgsdr+ b~ sfnhf fd dvzken`x |fe| zgsdr rdke|ng`x erd dvdrhnxdl |frgtcf
hgdrhng` &n`hktln`c zf~xnhek yngkd`hd. e`l |frgtcf hg`xd`| Fnx |fdxnx nx |fe| |fd zrnad ade`x
gi ae`tieh|trn`c hg`xd`| nx nldgkgc~ Fnx agrd zreh|nhek ena nx |g fdkz n`hrdexd hg`xhngtx`dxx
gi fgs ke`ctecd hg`|rnbt|dx |g |fd lgan`e|ng` gi xgad zdgz kd b~ g|fdrx &Ienrhkgtcf 5>6>+ 5.
N` e agrd rdhd`| x|tl~+ fd ldhkerdx |fe|=
HLE nx `g| mtx| e`g|fdr igra gi eheldanh e`ek~xnx N| ekxg fex exznre|ng`x |g |eod |fd zer|
gi |fgxd sfg xtiidr irga kn`ctnx|nh lnxhtrxnyd igrax gi lgan`e|ng` e`l dvzkgn|e|ng` Zer| gi |fd
|exo nx |g hg`|rnbt|d |g |fd ldydkgzad`| e`l xzrdel gi e hrn|nhek eserd`dxx gi ke`ctecd ex e ieh|gr
n` lgan`e|ng` &Ienrhkgtcf 5>>4+ 569.
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3.
Fnx n`|d`|ng` nx |g zkehd |fd xghnek x|tl~ gi ke`ctecd e| |fd hgrd gi ke`ctecd x|tl~+
sn|fn` e it`h|ng`eknx| ezzrgehf &exxghne|dl zer|nhtkerk~ sn|f Anhfedk Fekknle~.+ bdhetxd |fdfndrerhfnhek x|rth|trn`c n` aen`x|rdea kn`ctnx|nhx rdkd ce|dx |fd xghnek `e|trd gi ke`ctecd |g e
xtb!lnxhnzkn`d " Ienrhkgtcf |eodx |fd xghngkn`ctnx|nh ezzrgehf ex e cd`drek zrdanxd n` HKX+
bdhetxd |fnx lnxhnzkn`d x|tlndx xghnekk~ yernebkd ke`ctecd zreh|nhd \fd |rd`l n` xghngkn`ctnx|nhx
nx |g gbxdryd e`l ldxhrnbd |fd xghngkn`ctnx|nh yerne|ng` n` e cnyd` xghnd|~+ bt| Ienrhkgtcf
hgazken`x |fe| |fnx lnxhnzkn`d `dckdh|x |g e`xsdr fgs n` |drax gi |fd ldydkgzad`| gi xghnek
rdke|ng`xfnzx gi zgsdr sex |fd dvnx|n`c xghngkn`ctnx|nh grldr brgtcf| n`|g bdn`c7 &5>6>+ 6. Fd
hg`xnldrx |fe| bg|f ke`ctecd e`l xghnek hkexxdx erd lgan`e|dl b~ nldgkgcndx+ xn`hd n` e cnyd`xghnd|~ |fdrd nx e hg`x|e`| hg`iknh| gi n`|drdx|x e`l e xghnek x|rtcckd igr lgan`e|ng` &xdd xdh|ng`
2 5 hkexx x|rtcckd .=
Xghnek hkexxdx n` |fd hkexxnhek Aervnx| xd`xd erd xghnek igrhdx sfnhf ghhtz~ lniidrd`|
zgxn|ng`x n` dhg`ganh zrglth|ng`+ sfnhf feyd lniidrd`| e`l e`|ecg`nx|nh n`|drdx|x+ e`l sfgxd
x|rtcckd nx sfe| ld|dran`dx |fd hgtrxd gi xghnek fnx|gr~ N` |drax gi |fnx hg`hdz|ng` gi xghnek
hkexx+ |fd xghngkn`ctnx|nh ieh|x he` bd xdd` ex |fd gt|hgad gi hkexx x|rtcckd e`l rdzrdxd`| ezer|nhtker beke`hd gi igrhdx bd|sdd` hkexxdx &Ienrhkgtcf 5>6>+ 6.
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Fnx ightx nx hd`|drdl tzg` |fd ltek rdke|ng` |g zgsdr gi |fd xghngkn`ctnx|nh hg`yd`|ng`x
sfnhf n`hgrzgre|d lniidrd`hdx gi zgsdr+ e`l e| |fd xead |nad |fd~ ernxd gt| gi e`l cnyd rnxd
|g zer|nhtker rdke|ng`x gi zgsdr &5>6>+ 2.
Ienrhkgtcfx |fdxnx gt|kn`dx e lnekdh|nhek rdke|ng`xfnz bd|sdd` lnxhgtrxd e`l xghnek
zreh|nhd+ |fe| nx |fdxd |sg xghnek n`x|e`hdx erd xfezdl b~ |fd zgsdr x|rtcckd bd|sdd` xghnek
hkexxdx+ e hg`iknh| |fe| ld|dran`dx |fd n`|dreh|ng` bd|sdd` lnxhgtrxd e`l xghnek zreh|nhd
Xghngkn`ctnx|nh hg`yd`|ng`x erd nldgkgcnhekk~ xfezdl Nldgkgc~ kdcn|nan}dx |fd xghnek rdke|ng`x
bdhetxd |fd nldgkgcnh ek exxtaz|ng`x erd zgsdr bexdl= Nldgkgcndx erd hkgxdk~ kn`odl |g ke`ctecd+
bdhetxd txn`c ke`ctecd nx |fd hgaag`dx| igra gi xghnek bdfeyngtr+ e`l |fd igra gi xghnek
bdfeyngtr sfdrd sd rdk~ agx| g` hgaag` !xd`xd exxtaz|ng`x &5>6>+ 2.
Xghnek hg`ln|ng`x xfezd lnxhgtrxd &ke`ctecd txd.+ e`l hgc`n|nyd zrghdxxdx &gi zrglthn`c
e`l n`|drzrd|n`c |dv|x. \fd hgc`n|nyd zrghdxxdx erd hgldx gi |fn`on`c n` e hdr|en` lnrdh|ng`x+ |fe|
nx dydr~ n`lnynltek |fn`ox n` rdke|ng` |g |fd |~zd gi lnxhgtrxd &x.fd |eodx igr cre`|dl = |fd se~
zdgzkd n`|drzrd| ide|trdx gi |dv|x ldzd`lx tzg` sfnhf xghnek ! agrd xzdhninhekk~+ lnxhgtrxek
hg`yd`|ng`x |fd~ erd exxtan`c |g fgkl &5>6>+ 5>.
Ienrhkgtcf dx|ebknxfdx e ireadsgro gi lnxhgtrxd+ |fe| fex e lnekdh|nhek `e|trd+ dvzken`n`c
|fd rdhnzrghek ld|dran`e|ng` bd|sdd` lnxhgtrxd e`l xghnek zreh|nhd+ zgsdr + e`l nldgkgc~ \fdxd
|frdd |~zdx gi rdke|ng`xfnz |g lnxhgtrxd snkk rdzrdxd`| |fd aen` hg`hdr` gi |fd `dv| xdh|ng`x
5 2 8 2 Lnxhgtrxd ex Xghnek Zreh|nhd
\fd hd`|rek nlde n` Ienrhkgtcfx ezzrgehf+ nx |fe| ke`ctecd nx hd`|rekk~ n`ygkydl n` zgsdr+
e`l x|rtcckdx igr zgsdr+ e`l |fe| n| nx xg n`ygkydl |frgtcf n|x nldgkgcnhek zrgzdr|ndx \fd aemgr
|fdadx fd lnxhtxxdx n` rdke|ng` |g xghnek zreh|nhd+ erd |fd igkkgsn`c=
E Ke`ctecd e`l lnxhgtrxd= |fd |dra ke`ctecd nx rdzkehdl sn|f |fd `g|ng` gi lnxhgtrxd +
ade`n`c ke`ctecd ex xghnek zreh|nhd ld|dran`dl b~ xghnek x|rth|trdx
B Lnxhgtrxd e`l Grldrx gi lnxhgtrxd= grldrx gi lnxhgtrxd ld|dran`d lnxhgtrxdx+ bdhetxd
gi |fdnr n`x|n|t|ng`ek grncn`
H Hkexx e`l zgsdr n` hezn|eknx| xghnd|~= grldrx gi lnxhgtrxd erd nldgkgcnhekk~ xfezdl b~
zgsdr rdke|ng`x n` xghnek n`x|n|t|ng`x e`l n` xghnd|~ ex e sfgkd
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L Lnekdh|nh gi x|rth|trdx e`l zreh|nhdx= lnxhgtrxd fex diidh|x tzg` xghnek x|rth|trdx+ ex
sdkk ex bdn`c ld|dran`dl b~ |fda+ e`l xg hg`|rnbt|dx |g xghnek hg`|n`tn|~ e`l xghnek
hfe`cd
E. Ke`ctecd e l lnxhgtrxd
N` Ienrhkgtcfx |drax+ lnxhgtrxd nx e igra gi xghnek zreh|nhd Ke`ctecd nx e xghnekk~
hg`ln|ng`dl zrghdxx+ hg`x|ren`dl b~ `g`!kn`ctnx|nh zer|x gi xghnd|~ Bd|sdd` ke`ctecd e`l
xghnd|~+ Ienrhkgtcf zgn`|x |g e` n`|dr`ek e`l lnekdh|nhek rdke|ng`xfnz= Ke`ctecd nx e zer| gi
xghnd|~? kn`ctnx|nh zfd`gad`e erd xghnek zfd`gad`e gi e xzdhnek xgr|+ e`l xghnek zfd`gad`e erd
&n` zer|. kn`ctnx|nh zfd`gad`e &5>6>+ 28.
Fd dx|ebknxfdx e lnx|n`h|ng` bd|sdd` lnxhgtrxd e`l |dv|+ sfdrd |dv| nx cd`drekk~ txdl
igr e srn||d` |re`xhrnz|ng` gi sfe| nx xenl N` |fnx iread+ |dv| nx e zrglth| re|fdr |fe` e zrghdxx
Sfdrdex lnxhgtrxd x|e`lx igr e zrghdxx gi xghnek n`|dreh|ng`+ n` sfnhf |dv|x erd n`hktldl &ex
zer| gi lnxhgtrxd. N` |fnx rdxzdh| lnxhgtrxd fex |sg it`h|ng`x= n| nx e zrghdxx gi zrglth|ng` &n`
sfnhf |dv| nx e zrglth|.+ e`l e zrghdxx gi n`|drzrd|e|ng` &n` sfnhf |dv| nx e rdxgtrhd. Fd`hd+
lnxhgtrxd e`ek~xnx snkk n`hktld |dv| e`ek~xnx+ e`l |fd e`ek~xnx gi |fd zrglth|nyd e`l n`|drzrd|e|nyd
zrghdxxdx+ g` |fd bexnx gi |fd igraek zrgzdr|ndx gi |fd |dv|= e`ek~xnx gi |fd |rehdx gi |fd
zrglth|nyd zrghdxx+ e`l e`ek~xnx gi |fd htdx gi |fd zrghdxx gi n`|drzrd|e|ng` Zrglth|n yd e`l
n`|drzrd|e|nyd zrghdxxdx n`ygkyd e` n`|drzke~ bd|sdd` zrgzdr|ndx gi |dv|x e`l AR & adabdrx
rdxgtrhdx + rdzrdxd`|e|ng`x g` |fd bexnx gi sfnhf zdgzkd n`|drzrd| e`l zrglthd t||dre`hdx.+ sfnhf
zdgzkd feyd n` |fdnr fdelx |frgtcf dlthe|ng` ex= yektdx+ bdkndix+ exxtaz|ng`x+ d|h
Lnxhgtrxd n`ygkydx xghnek hg`ln|ng`x gi zrglth|ng` e`l xghnek hg`ln|ng`x gi n`|drzrd|e|ng`
|fe| erd rdke|dl sn|f |frdd lniidrd`| kdydkx gi xghnek grce`n}e|ng`= |fd kdydk gi xghnek xn|te|ng` &|fd
naadlne|d xghnek hg`|dv|.? |fd kdydk gi xghnek n`x|n|t|ng`? |fd kdydk gi xghnd|~ ex e sfgkd N` |tr`+
xghnek hg`ln|ng`x xfezd |fd AR &|fd ade`x gi zrglth|ng` e`l n`|drzrd|e|ng`. e`l |fd se~ n`
sfnhf |dv|x erd zrglthdl e`l n`|drzrd|dl
N` |fnx se~+ lnxhgtrxd e`ek~xnx n`ygkydx `g| g`k~ |fd e`ek~xnx gi zrghdxxdx gi zrglth|ng`
e`l n`|drzrd|e|ng`+ bt| ekxg |fd e`ek~xnx bd|sdd` |dv|x+ zrghdxxdx+ e`l xghnek hg`ln|ng`x+ |fe|
hgrrdxzg`l |g |fd igkkgsn`c |drax= |dv|x+ n`|dreh|ng`x+ e`l hg`|dv|x
\fdrdigrd+ HLE ldekx sn|f |fdxd |frdd lnad`xng`x gi lnxhgtrxd= |dv|x+ n`|dreh|ng`x e`l
hg`|dv|x+ n` |frdd hgrrdxzg`ld`| x|ecdx=
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Ldxhrnz|ng` nx hg`hdr`dl sn|f igraek zrgzdr|ndx gi |fd |dv|
N`|drzrd|e|ng` nx hg`hdr`dl sn|f |fd rdke|ng`xfnz bd|sdd` |dv| e`l n`|dreh|ng`
Dvzke`e|ng` nx hg`hdr`dl sn|f |fd rdke|ng`xfnz bd|sdd` n`|dreh|ng` e`l xghnek
hg`|dv|
B. Lnxhgtrxd e l grldrx gi lnxhgtrxd
Lnxhgtrxd nx hg`yd`|ng`ekk~ ld|dran`dl+ b~ n`x|n|t|ng`ek hg`yd`|ng`x sfnhf erd `eadl b~
Ienrhkgtcf+ grldrx gi lnxhgtrxd &grncn`ekk~ irga Anhfdk Igthetk|. \fdxd hg`yd`|ng`x dabgl~
zer|nhtker nldgkgcndx \fdxd nldgkgcndx erd dabdlldl n` hg`yd`|ng`ek |~zdx gi lnxhgtrxd e`l
zreh|nhd Zdgzkd eh| n` hg`igran|~ sn|f ltd zrdhg`ln|ng`x+ rdke|dl |g xghnek hg`yd`|ng`x= zdgzkderd d`ebkdl |frgtcf bdn`c hg`x|ren`dl? |fd~ erd ebkd |g eh| g` hg`ln|ng` |fe| |fd~ eh| sn|fn` |fd
hg`x|ren`|x gi |~zdx gi zreh|nhd gr gi lnxhgtrxd &Ienrhkgtcf 5>6>+ 26. \fd grldrx gi lnxhgtrxd
&lnxhgtrxd |~zdx. lniidr n` |drax gi |fdnr rdke|ng`xfnz &hg`ydrxe|ng`+ adlne lnxhgtrxd+ d|h.
Lnxhgtrxdx erd x|rth|trdl n` grldrx gi lnxhgtrxd ltd |g |fdnr rdke|ng`xfnz sn|f zgsdr |fe| fex |fd
hezehn|~ |g nldgkgcnhekk~ hg`|rgk grldrx gi lnxhgtrxd
H. Hkexx e`l zgsdr n` hezn|eknx| xghnd|~
\fd lgan`e`| bkgh |fe| hg`|rgkx xghnd|~ nldgkgc~+ nx e` ekkne`hd gi |fd x|e|d sn|f | fd
hezn|eknx|x &5>6>+ 82. Zgsdr nx dvdrhnxdl dhg`ganhekk~+ zgkn|nhekk~+ e`l nldgkgcnhekk~? |fd
nldgkgcnhek hg`|rgk nx agrd xnc`ninhe`| e`l nx dxxd`|nekk~ dvdrhnxdl n` lnxhgtrxd \fd lgan`e`|
hkexx dvdrhnxdx e`l aen`|en`x zgsdr |frgtcf hgdrhng` e`l hg`xd` |= &. |frgtcf hgdrhn`c g|fdrx
|g cg ekg`c sn|f |fda+ sn|f |fd tk|nae|d xe`h|ng`x gi zf~xnhek yngkd`hd gr lde|f+ gr |frgtcf
sn``n`c g|fdrx hg`xd`| |g+ gr e| kdex| ehutndxhd`hd n`+ |fdnr zgxxdxxng` e`l dvdrhnxd gi
zgsdr &5>6>+ 88.
Ienrhkgtcf nx gi gzn`ng` |fe| zgsdr rdke|ng`x erd ekse~x rdke|ng`x gi x|rtcckd ? |fd~ erd `g|
rdlthnbkd |g hkexx rdke|ng`x+ bt| |fd~ ekxg ghhtr bd|sdd` crgtzn`cx gi yerngtx xgr|x sgad` e`l
ad`+ bd|sdd` d|f`nh crgtzx+ bd|sdd` ~gt`c e`l gkl X|nkk |fd agx| it`lead`|ek rdke|ng`x n`
hkexx xghnd|~ erd hkexx rdke|ng`x e`l hkexx x|rtcckd Nldgkgc~ enax e| aen`|en`n`c |fd zgxn|ng` gi
|fd lgan`e`| hkexx+ n` hdr|en` od~ lnxhgtrxd |~zdx &elydr|nxn`c+ n`|dryndsn`c+ hgt`xdkkn`c+ d|h .+
sfnhf kdcn|nan}dx |fd dvnx|d`| xghnek rdke|ng`x N` agldr` xghnd|~+ nldgkgc~ nx aen`k~ txdl igr |fd
dvdrhnxd gi zgsdr b~ hg`xd`| Xghnek hg`|rgk |frgtcf hg`xd`| nc`grdx |fd zrdxd`hd gi zgsdr n`
|fd grldrx gi lnxhgtrxd+ sfnhf exxtrdx |fd nldgkgcnhek zreh|nhdx |g bdhgad `e|trekn}dl= g`d
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ide|trd gi |fd hg`|dazgr er~ lnxhgtrxd nx |fd |d`ld`h~ gi |fd lnxhgtrxd gi xghnek hg`|rgk |gserlx
xnatke|dl dcekn|erne`nxa+ e`l |fd rdagyek gi xtriehd aerodrx gi et|fgrn|~ e`l zgsdr &5>6>+ 83.
L. Lnekdh|nh gi x|rth|trdx e`l zreh|nhdx
\fdrd nx e lnekdh|nhek rdke|ng`xfnz bd|sdd` lnxhgtrxd e`l xghnek x|rth|trdx Ex sdkk ex
bdn`c ld|dran`dl b~ xghnek x|rth|trdx+ lnxhgtrxd fex diidh|x tzg` xghnek x|rth|trdx e`l
hg`|rnbt|dx |g |fd ehfndydad`| gi xghnek hg`|n`tn|~ gr xghnek hfe`cd N| nx bdhetxd |fd rdke|ng`xfnz
bd|sdd` lnxhgtrxd e`l xghnek x|rth|trdx nx lnekdh|nhek n` |fnx se~ |fe| lnxhgtrxd exxtadx xthf e`
nazgr|e`hd n` |drax gi zgsdr rdke|ng`xfnzx e`l zgsdr x|rtcckd= hg`|rgk gydr grldrx gi lnxhgtrxd
b~ n`x|n|t|ng`ek e`l xghnd|ek zgsdr!fgkldrx nx g`d ieh|gr n` |fd aen`|d`e`hd gi |fd nr zgsdr
&5>6>+ 83.
\fd xghnek rgkd n` lnxhgtrxd zreh|nhd+ fex bdd` rdzkehdl b~ Ienrhkgtcf sn|f e`g|fdr
eabnctgtx |dra= |fd xtbmdh| N` g`d xd`xd gi xtbmdh| + g`d nx rdidrrn`c |g xgadg`d sfg nx t`ldr
|fd mtrnxlnh|ng` gi e zgkn|nhek et|fgrn|~+ e`l fd`hd zexxnyd e`l xfezdl? bt| |fd xtbmdh| gi e
xd`|d`hd+ igr dveazkd+ nx txtekk~ |fd eh|nyd g`d+ |fd lgdr+ |fd g`d hetxekk~ nazknhe|dl n` eh|ng`
Xghnek xtbmdh|x erd hg`x|ren`dl |g gzdre|d sn|fn` |fd xtbmdh| zgxn|ng`x xd| tz n` lnxhgtrxd |~zdx+
ex N feyd n`lnhe|dl+ e`l erd n` |fe| xd`xd zexxnyd? bt| g`k~ |frgtcf bdn`c hg`x|ren`dl |fd~ erd
aeld ebkd |g eh| ex xghnek ecd`|x
5 2 8 8 Lnxhgtrxd e`l Zgsdr
Ienrhkgtcf ightxdx tzg` |sg aemgr exzdh|x gi |fd rdke|ng`xfnz bd|sdd` zgsdr e`l
ke`ctecd= zgsdr n` lnxhgtrxd+ e`l zgsdr bdfn`l lnxhgtrxd
E. Zgsdr n` lnxhgtrxd
Ienrhkgtcfx dveazkd gi e |~zd gi iehd !|g! iehd lnxhgtrxd nx xdd` ex e` t`dutek
d`hgt`|dr= zer|nhnze`|x erd t`dutek+ sfdrd zgsdritk zer|nhnze`|x hg`|rgk |fd hg`|rnbt|ng`x gi
`g`! zgsdritk zer|nhnze`|x & 5>6>+
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bdfn`l lnxhgtrxd Ex ade`x gi dx|ebknxfn`c |fd x|e`lerl ke`ctecd+ |fdrd erd hglninhe|ng` e`l
zrdxhrnz|ng` Hglninhe|ng` enax e| e||en`n`c an`naek yerne|ng` n` igra |frgtcf xd||n`c lgs` |fd
zrdxhrnbdl ke`ctecd hgld n` e srn||d` igra n` creaaerx+ lnh|ng`erndx+ zrg`gt`hn`c
lnh|ng`erndx+ xzdkkn`c bggox? zrdxhrnz|ng` nazgxdx |fd ldxnc`e|ng` gi |fd igrax gi |fd x|e`lerl
ex |fd g`k~ hgrrdh| g`dx &5>6>+ 43.
&. e`~ cnyd` zndhd gi lnxhgtrxd ae~ xnatk|e`dgtxk~ bd e zer| gi e xn|te|ng`ek x|rtcckd+
e` n`x|n|t|ng`ek x|rtcckd+ e`l e xghnd|ek x|rtcckd &n`hktln`c hkexx x|rtcckd. \fnx fex hg`xdutd`hdx
n` |drax gi gtr lnx|n`h|ng` bd|sdd` zgsdr n` lnxhgtrxd e`l zgsdr bdfn`l lnxhgtrxd Sfnkd
x|rtcckd e| |fd xn|te|ng`ek kdydk nx gydr zgsdr n` lnxhgtrxd+ x|rtcckd e| |fd g|fdr kdydkx ae~ ekxg bd
gydr zgsdr bdfn`l lnxhgtrxd &Ienrhkgtcf 5>6>+ 3:.
5 2 8 < Lnxhgtrxd e`l Nldgkgc~
N` |fnx ae||dr+ |fd hg`hdr` hgadx tzg` hgaag` xd`xd n` |fd xdrynhd gi zgsdr tzg`
fgs nldgkgcndx erd dabdlldl n` ide|trdx gi lnxhgtrxd sfnhf erd |eod` igr cre`|dl hg`xnldrdl ex
hgaag` xd`xd Ienrhkgtcf x|e|dx |fe| exxtaz|ng`x e`l dvzdh|e|ng`x erd nazknhn|+ behocrgt`ldl+|eod` igr cre`|dl+ |fn`cx |fe| zdgzkd erd `g| hg`xhngtxk~ eserd gi Fd lnxhtxxdx |fd ide|trdx gi
lnxhgtrxd |fe| erd nldgkgcnhekk~ ld|dran`dl? |fdxd erd nazknhn| exxtaz|ng`x+ hgfdrd`hd+ e`l
n`idrd`hn`c
E Nazknhn| exxtaz|ng`x
Exxtaz|ng`x erd bexdl g` gtr n`|drzrd|e|ng` gi |fd sgrkl Ex kg`c ex |fd~ erd nldgkgcnhek
xfezdl+ gtr n`|drzrd|e|ng` e`l zrglth|ng` gi e |dv| snkk rdk~ g` igraek ide|trdx gi |fd |dv|x+
`eadk~+ |rehdx+ igr n`|drzrd|e|ng` \fd |rehdx hg`x|n|t|d htdx igr |fd |dv| n`|drzrd|dr+ fgs lresx
tzg` fnx'fdr exxtaz|ng`x e`l dvzdh|e|ng`x |g hg`x|rth| g`dx n`|drzrd|e|ng` gi |fd |dv| \fnx
zerelgvnhek zrghdxx nx hekkdl b~ Ienrhkgtcf |fd n`|drzrd|e|ng` gi e` n`|drzrd|e|ng` &5>6>+ 6:.
B Hgfdrd`hd
N` grldr |g n`|drzrd| e |dv| irga |fd zgn`| gi ynds gi hgfdrd`hd+ g`d atx| sgro gt| fgs
|fd zer|x gi |fd |dv| kn`o |g dehf g|fdr E`g|fdr x|dz nx |g inctrd gt| fgs |fd |dv|x in| sn|f |fd
zrdyngtx dvzdrnd`hd gi |fd sgrkl gi |fd n`|drzrd|dr= n` g|fdr sgrlx+ g`d atx | dx|ebknxf e in|
bd|sdd` |dv| e`l |fd sgrkl
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Ienrhkgtcf txdx |fd `g|ng` gi hgfdrd`hd |g xzdhni~ |fd |~zd gi hg``dh|ng` bd|sdd` |fd
xdutd`|nek zer|x gi e |dv|+ e`l bd|sdd` zer|x gi e |dv| e`l |fd sgrkl \fdxd erd hg``dh|ng`x |fe|
zdgzkd aeod ex n`|drzrd|drx gi |dv|x? |fd~ erd `g| aeld b~ |fd |dv| n|xdki Bt|+ n` grldr |g errnyd e|
xthf e` n`|drzrd|e|ng`+ g`d atx| lres tzg` |fd behocrgt`l exxtaz|ng`x e`l dvzdh|e|ng`x
ad`|ng`dl ebgyd Xthf hgaag`xd`xd exxtaz|ng`x e`l dvzdh|e|ng`x gi |fd n`|drzrd|dr+ erd zer|x
gi |fd AR+ ekrdel~ lnxhtxxdl ex adabdrx rdxgtrhdx
H N`idrd`hn`c
\fnx zer|nhtker zrghdxx gi n`|drzrd|e|ng` fex |g lg sn|f hgfdrd`hd bd|sdd` |fd xdutd`|nek
zer|x gi |fd |dv|x Nazknhn| exxtaz|ng`x hfen` |gcd|fdr xthhdxxnyd zer|x gi |fd |dv|x b~ xtzzk~n`c
anxxn`c kn`ox bd|sdd` dvzknhn| zrgzgxn|ng`x+ sfnhf |fd rdeldr gr |fd fderdr dn|fdr xtzzkndx
et|gae|nhekk~+ gr sgrox gt| |frgtcf e zrghdxx gi n`idrd`hn`c Ekxg+ |dv|x he` bd in||dl |g sgrklxdn|fdr et|gae|nhekk~+ gr |frgtcf n`idrd`|nek sgro
L Hgaag` xd`xd e`l nldgkgc~
Nldgkgcnhek hgaag` xd`xd ex lnxhtxxdl b~ Ienrhkgtcf+ fex |fd zrgzdr|~ |g dx|ebknxf xghnek
rdke|ng`x bd|sdd` yerngtx xghnek crgtzn`cx+ rdke|ng`x |fe| erd bexdl g` zgsdr x|rtcckd Txtekk~
zdgzkd |eod igr cre`|dl |fd exxtaz|ng`x ebgt| |fd sgrkl+ sfnhf erd n` ieh| kn`ctnx|nh x|rth|trdx
nazgxdl b~ |fgxd n` zgsdr= hgaag` xd`xd nx xtbx|e`|nekk~+ |fgtcf `g| d`|nrdk~+ nldgkgcnhek
&Ienrhkgtcf 5>6>+ 66>+ 64. Nldgkgc~ nx agx| diidh|nyd sfd` n|x
zrghdxx nx kdxx ynxnbkd+ bdhetxd n`ynxnbnkn|~ nx ehfndydl sfd` nldgkgcndx erd brgtcf| |g lnxhgtrxd
`g| ex dvzknhn| dkdad`|x gi |fd |dv|+ bt| ex |fd behocrgt`l exxtaz|ng`x sfnhf g` |fd g`d fe`l
kdel |fd |dv| zrglthdr |g |dv|tekn}d |fd sgrkl n` e zer|nhtker se~+ e`l g` |fd g|fdr fe`l kdel |fd
n`|drzrd|dr |g n`|drzrd| |fd |dv| n` e zer|nhtker se~= \dv|x lg `g| |~znhekk~ xzgt| nldgkgc~ \fd~
xg zgxn|ng` |fd n`|drzrd|dr |frgtcf |fdnr htdx+ |fe| xfd brn`cx nldgkgc~ |g |fd n`|drzrd|e|ng` gi
|dv|x &5>6>+ 64.
5 2 8 4 Igraek Ide|trdx n` |fd E`ek~xnx gi Lnxhgtrxd
Ienrhkgtcf fex dx|ebknxfdl |frdd x|ecdx n` |fd zreh|nhd gi Hrn|nhek Lnxhgtrxd E`ek~xnx+
ekrdel~ ad`|ng`dl n` 5 2 8 5 =
E Ldxhrnz|ng` gi |dv|
B N`|drzrd|e|ng` gi |fd rdke|ng`xfnz bd|sdd` |dv| e`l n`|dreh|ng`
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H Dvzke`e|ng` gi |fd rdke|ng`xfnz bd|sdd` n`|dreh|ng` e`l xghnek hg`|dv|
E Ldxhrnz|ng`
N` e`ek~xn`c |dv|x+ |fd ightx hg`x|e`|k~ ek|dr`e|dx bd|sdd` |fd htdx n`fdrd`| n` |fd |dv|
&sfe| nx |fdrd n` |fd |dv|. e`l |fd ade`x gi |fd |dv| zrglth|ng` &|fd lnxhgtrxd |~zdx sfnhf |fd
|dv| nx lresn`c tzg`. Igr |fd |dv| e`ek~xnx+ Ienrhkgtcf xod|hfdl |frdd igraek ide|trdx=
yghebtker~+ creaaer+ e`l |dv|tek x|rth|trdx N` |tr`+ |fdxd igraek ide|trdx ae~ feyd |frdd |~zdx
gi yektdx= dvzdrnd`|nek +rdke|ng`ek + e`l dvzrdxxnyd Dvzdrnd |nek yektd rdidrx |g e |rehd gi e`l e
htd |g |fd se~ n` sfnhf |fd |dv| zrglthdrx dvzdrnd`hd gi |fd `e|trek gr xghnek sgrkl nx
rdzrdxd`|dl? dvzdrnd`|nek yektd fex |g lg sn|f hg`|d`|x e`l o`gskdlcd e`l bdkndix Rdke|ng`ek
yektd rdidrx |g e |rehd gi e`l e htd |g |fd xghnek rdke|ng`xfnzx sfnhf erd d`eh|dl |frgtcf |fd |dv|
n` lnxhgtrxd? |fnx |~zd gi yektd fex |g lg sn|f xghnek rdke|ng`xfnzx Dvzrdxxnyd yektd rdidrx |g e
|rehd gi e`l e htd |g |fd zrglthdrx dyekte|ng` gi |fd zer|nhtker n`x|e`hd gi rdekn|~ n| rdke|dx |g?
|fnx |~zd gi yektd fex |g lg sn|f xtbmdh|x e`l xghnek nld`|n|ndx
E 5 Yghebtker~
\fd zer|nhtker txd gi sgrlx ae~ rdzrdxd`| e zdridh| hgld igr nldgkgcnhek lniidrd`hd
bd|sdd` |dv| e`l |fd sgrkl \fd dvzdrnd`|nek yektd gi |fd yghebtker~ he` zrgynld he` bd igt`lsn|fn` |fd nldgkgcnhek xhfdad gi |fd |dv| |fe| hkexxnindx bdfeyngtr+ |frgtcf gydr| xnc`ninhe|ng`+
ghhtrrd`hd gi |fd sgrl+ hgkkghe|ng` gi |fd sgrlx+ ad|ezfgrnhek txdx gi sgrlx= igr dveazkd+
n` zx~hfne|r~+ |fd txd gi |fd sgrl nazrnxg`ad`| gi e ze|nd`| nx xtbx|n|t|dl b~ e ad|ezfgrnhek
txd+ xg ex |g cnyd kdxxdr ldcrdd gi giid`hd= xgkn|er~ hg`in`dad`| &Ienrhkgtcf 5>6>+ 558. N` |fd
|dv| |fdrd erd ekxg txdl hkexxninhe|ng` xhfdadx + |fe| feyd e` nldgkgcnhek ightx \fdxd rdidr |g |fd
|~zd gi sgrlx e`l |fd `tabdr gi sgrlx |fe| ightx tzg` e zer|nhtker exzdh| gi rdekn|~ \fd
nldgkgcnhek xhfdad dabdlx ade`n`c rdke|ng`x bd|sdd` sgrlx+ xthf ex x~`g`~a~+ f~zg`~a~+
e`|g`~a~ + rdke|ng`x |fe| t`ldrknd |fd lnxhgtrxd |~zd+ e`l xzdhni~ |fd nldgkgcnhek bexdx gi
lnxhgtrxd |~zdx \fd rdke|ng`ek yektdx gi |fd |dv| nazgxd e ltek exzdh| gi |fd |dv|x hg`|d`|= n| nx
xghnekk~ ldzd`lebkd+ e`l n` |tr`+ hrde|dx xghnek rdke|ng`xfnzx \fd zrglthdrx gi |dv|x elgz|
x|re|dcndx gi eygnle`hd+ txn`c dtzfdanxa + gr igraekn|~ \fdxd x|re|dcndx erd bdx| ehfndydl
|frgtcf zrecae|nhek ldynhdx+ ex dvzrdxxn`c zgkn|d`dxx+ hg`hdr` igr g`dx iehd+ rdxzdh| igr
x|e|tx e`l zgxn|ng` \f d dvzrdxxnyd yektdx rdxnld n` |fd xzdeodrx gr et|fgrx dyekte|ng` gi xghnek
zreh|nhdx+ |frgtcf lresn`c g` hkexxninhe|ng` xhfdadx+ sfnhf erd n` zer| x~x|da gi dyekte|ng`
ekrdel~ d`rnhfdl sn|f nldgkgcnhek exxtaz|ng`x \fd dvzrdxxnyd yektdx gi sgrlx erd e hd`|rek
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hg`hdr` igr |fd zdgzkd n`|drdx|dl n` zdrxtexnyd ke`ctecd Xn`hd lnxhgtrxd |~zdx lniidr+ xg lg |fd
dvzrdxxnyd yektdx Igr dveazkd+ |fd dvzrdxxng` zgkn|nhek hg`xhngtx`dxx ae~ feyd e zgxn|nyd
hg``g|e|ng` n` e ldxhrnz|nyd lnxhgtrxd |~zd &xe~+ e lnleh|nhek |dv|. e`l n| ae~ hfe`cd n|x yektd
n`|g e `dce|nyd g`d ehhgrln`c |g |fd et|fgrx nldgkgcnhek bdkndix
E 2 Creaaer
N` sfe| hg`hdr`x |fd nldgkgcnhek it`h|ng` gi creaaer+ |fd dvzdrnd`|nek yektd gzdre|dx e
hglninhe|ng` gi dyd`|x+ rdke|ng`xfnzx+ zdgzkd+ ftae` gbmdh|x &e`naekx+ |fn`cx.+ xzdhnek+ |dazgrek
hnrhtax|e`hdx+ ae``dr gi ghhtrrd`hd Ienrhkgtcf nld`|nindx |frdd |~zdx gi creaae|nhek zrghdxxdx+
sfnhf he` bd xdkdh|dl nldgkgcnhekk~ ldzd`ln`c g` |fdnr it`h|ng` \fdxd zrghdxxdx rdke|d |g
eh|ng`x + e`l igra |fd x~`|ev gi Xtbmdh|!Ydrb!G bmdh| &XYG.?dyd`|x + n` |fd igra gi Xtbmdh|!Ydrb
&XB.? e`l e||rnbt|ng`x+ n` |fd igra gi Xtbmdh|!Ydrb!Hgazkdad`| &XYH. Sfe| nx zer|nhtker igr|fdxd x~`|eh|nh hg`x|rth|ng`x nx |fe| |fd~ nazk~ |fd rdke|ng`xfnz ecd`|!ze|nd`|? n` |fd hg`x|rth|ng`
XYG+ |fdrd erd |sg zer|nhnze`|x+ g`d gi sfnhf atx| bd e ze|nd`| e`l |fd hfgnhd nx dvhktxnydk~
nldgkgcnhek Ni n` |fd |dv| zrdlgan`e|dx |fd |~zd XY+ n| n`ygkydx g`k~ g`d zer|nhnze`| |fe| hgtkl bd
e`nae|d gr n`e`nae|d+ e`l `g| ekse~x e` dyd`|+ n| ae~ bd n` |fd igra gi e utdx|ng` Ecen` |fd
xdkdh|ng` nx nldgkgcnhek sn|f rdxzdh| |g |fd behocrgt`l exxtaz|ng`x gi |fd et|fgr \fd igra gi
XYH nx ekxg nazgr|e`| n` |fd |dv| zrglth|ng`? n| n`ygkydx g`k~ g`d zer|nhnze`| sfnhf ezzderx n`
rdzgr|dl xzddhf e`l `g| eh|nyd n` n|xdki N| n`hktldx zgxxdxxnyd ydrbx+ knod feyd+ gb|en`+ d|h|gcd|fdr sn|f `g`zgxxdxxnyd ydrbx+ knod bd+ iddk+ kggo+ xdda Ekxg elmdh|nydx e`l `gt x
feyd e` dxxd`|nek yektd+ bdhetxd |fd~ exxnc` zrgzdr|ndx gi |fd zer|nhnze`| &d c le`cdrgtx+
ad`ehd. E`g|fdr nazgr|e`| dvzrdxxnyd yektd hgadx irga |fd xzdhninhe|ng` gi |fd ecd`h~ + |fe|
hgtkl bd gbitxhe|dl+ xg ex |g fnld hetxekn|~+ rdxzg`xnbnkn|~ gi |fd eh|ng` Ecd`h~ nx nldgkgcnhekk~
fnlld` |frgtcf n`e`nae|d ecd`|x= n`e`nae|d `gt`x + ebx|reh| `gt`x + `gan`ekn}e|ng`x G|fdr
ade`x gi dvzrdxxnyd yektdx+ erd igt`l n` zgxn|nyd gr `dce|nyd xd`|d`hdx N` `dce|nyd xd`|d`hdx+
|fd ae||dr nx dvzrdxxdl n` |drax gi sfe| nx rncf| e`l sfe| nx `g| rncf| n` rdekn|~+ fnln`c |fd rdek
zrgbkdax |frgtcf nldgkgcnhek hg`x|ren`x Creaae|nhek ide|trdx sn|f dvzrdxxnyd yektdx erd igt`l
n` |fd agldx gi |fd xd`|d`hd+ aglekn|~+ e`l zrg`gt`x Agldx gi |fd xd`|d`hd n`ygkyd |fd
rdke|ng`xfnz bd|sdd` |fd xzdeodr gr srn|dr e`l |fd ellrdxxdd= n` |fd ldhkere|nyd agld &XY.+ |fd
rdke|ng`ek yektd fex e` n`igrae|ng`ek exzdh|= cnydr &gi n`igrae|ng`. e`l rdhdnydr N` |fd
nazdre|nyd agld+ |fd xzdeodr nx zexxnyd e`l |fd ellrdxxdd nx eh|nyd+ e`l |fnx nx g`k~ zgxxnbkd n`
|fd zgsdr rdke|ng`x n` sfnhf |fd xzdeodr exox e`l |fd fderdr eh|x hgazkne`|k~ N` lniidrd`|
|~zdx gi utdx|ng`x+ |fd ellrdxxdd+ ecen` nx eh|nyd+ bdhetxd &x.fd zrgynldx n`igrae|ng` e| |fd
rdutdx| gi |fd xzdeodr Aglekn|~ nx dvzrdxxdl |frgtcf aglek ydrbx+ e`l g|fdr |~zdx gi igraek
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ide|trdx+ xthf ex elydrbx &zrgbebk~+ zgxxnbk~? ldin`n|dk~+ d|h .+ e`l |d`xd &xnazkd zrdxd`|
|d`xd nx rdekn}dx e he|dcgrnhek aglekn|~. \fd zdrxg`ek zrg`gt`x ekxg feyd e` dxxd`|nek
rdke|ng`ek yektd n` |dv| \fd agx| nazgr|e`| zrg`gt`x erd sd e`l ~gt Sfd` txdl b~ |fd
xzdeo dr sd fex e` n`hktxnyd yektd+ hkenan`c nazknhn| et|fgrn|~ |g xzdeo igr |fd g|fdrx \fd txd
gi |fd zrg`gt` ~gt fex ae`~ eh|tek e`l zg|d`|nek ellrdxxddx Sfd` nldgkgcnhek enax erd e|
x|eod+ ~gt nx e` e`|g`~a+ oddzn`c lnx|e`hd sn|f e zg|d`|nek gzzg`d`|? bt| ~gt txdl ex e`
n`ldin`n|d zrg`gt` xfgsx e rdke|ng` gi xgknlern|~ bd|sdd` |fd et|fgrn|~ e`l |fd zdgzkd \fd
rdke|ng`ek yektd nx dvzrdxxdl |frgtcf aglek etvnknerndx+ bt| ekxg |frgtcf |d`xdx \fd txd gi
xnazkd zrdxd`| |d`xd xfgsx e he|dcgrnhek hgaan|ad`| |g |fd |rt|f gr `g`!|rt|f gi |fd zrgzgxn|ng`
\fd txd gi |fnx |d`xd rdzrdxd`|x e hkena |g o`gskdlcd ltd |g |fd nldgkgcnhek n`|drdx| \fd
zrdyekd`hd gi he|dcgrnhek aglekn|ndx xtzzgr|x e ynds gi |fd sgrkl ex |re`xzerd`|+ ade`n`c |fe|
|fdrd nx e` n`|d`|ng` |g eygnl n`|drzrd|e|ng` e`l rdzrdxd`|e|ng` irga |fd zer| gi |fd fderdrx N`
elln|ng`+ |fd e||d`|ng` atx| `g| xonz gydr |fd rdke|ng` bd|sdd` |fd aen` hketxdx e`l |fd
xtbgrln`e|d hketxdx \fd aen` hketxdx ae~ bd agrd n`igrae|ng`ekk~ zrgan`d`|+ |ftx fnln`c |fd
rdek hg`|d`|+ sfnhf n` ieh| nx igrhdl |g bd zrdxtzzgxdl+ sn|f |fd fdkz gi |fd behocrgt`l
exxtaz|ng`x
E 8 Igraek ide|trdx
Bdxnld |fd yektdx gi |fdxd igraek ide|trdx+ Ienrhkgtcf lnxhtxxdx |fd |tr`!|eon`c x~x|da+sfnhf rdzrdxd`|x |fd rdke|ng`xfnz bd|sdd` |fd xzdeodr e`l |fd fderdr Fd hkenax |fe| n` zgsdr
rdke|ng`x+ |tr`!|eon`c nx ydr~ knan|dl+ sfdrdex n` dutek xghnek rdke|ng`x+ |tr`!|eon`c ldydkgzx b~
`dcg|ne|ng` X|nkk+ Ienrhkgtcf bdkndydx |fe| `dcg|ne|ng` nx g`k~ e` nldek igra gi xghnek
n`|dreh |ng` &5>6>+ 58
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Zrdxtzzgxn|ng`x erd `g| zrgzdr|ndx gi |dv|x+ |fd~ erd e` exzdh| gi |dv| zrglthdrx
n`|drzrd|e|ng` gi |fd n`|dr|dv|tek hg`|dv| Igraek ide|trdx erd |fd aen` ade`x b~ sfnhfzrdxtzzgxn|ng`x erd htdl n` |dv|x \fd |~znhek igraek ide|trdx |fe| hgld zrdxtzzgxn|ng`x erd |fd
ldin`n|d er|nhkd+ xtbgrln`e|d hketxdx+ sf ! utdx|ng`x+ e`l |fe| ! hketxdx Zrdxtzzgxn|ng`x he`
bd xn`hdrd gr ae`nztke|nyd + gr he` feyd nldgkgcnhek it`h|ng`x+ sfd` sfe| |fd~ exxtad fex |fd
hfereh|dr gi hgaag` xd`xd n` |fd xdrynhd gi zgsdr &5>6>+ 546>+ 543.
B.8. Ireadx+ xhrnz|x e`l xhfdae|e
\fdxd |frdd `g|ng`x erd zer| gi |fd AR+ e`l |fd~ hg`x|n|t|d n`|drzrd|e|nyd zrghdltrdx
\fd~ erd ad`|ek rdzrdxd`|e|ng`x gi exzdh|x gi |fd sgrkl+ e`l xferd |fd zrgzdr|~ gi |fd |~znhek
ad`|ek rdzrdxd`|e|ng`x |fe| yer~ nldgkgcnhekk~ Xhfdae|e &zktrekxhfdae . rdidr |g e zer|nhtker
|~zd gi eh|nyn|~ &agldx gi xghnek bdfeyngtr. n` |drax gi zrdlnh|ebkd dkdad`|x n` e zrdlnh|ebkd
xdutd`hd \fd~ erd ad`|ek rdzrdxd`| e|ng`x gi |fd kercdr !xhekd |dv|tek x|rth|trdx+ sfnhf gzdre|d
ex n`|drzrd|e|nyd zrghdltrdx Ireadx rdidr |g `e|trek gr er|ninhnek d`|n|ndx? |fd~ hg`x|n|t|d |fd |gznh
gi lnxhgtrxd \~zdx gi ireadx &xdd xdh|ng` 5 2 8 8 . rdzrdxd`| e`nae|d bdn`cx &ae`+ sgae`+ lgc+
d|h .+ n`e`nae|d bdn`cx &e fgtxd+ e her+ d|h .+ xdrndx gi dyd`|x hgabn`n`c |fd |sg d`|n|ndx ebgyd
&e` enr hrexf+ e her ieh|gr~+ d|h . Xhrnz|x rdzrdxd`| |fd xtbmdh|x n` |fd eh|nyn|~+ gr |fd rdke|ng`xfnzx
bd|sdd` |fd xtbmdh|x \fd~ hkexxni~ |fd se~x xtbmdh|x bdfeyd n` xghnek eh|nyn|ndx+ gr |fd se~x
xtbmdh|x n`|drrdke|d
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B.6>+ 598.
N` |drax gi diidh|x+ e lnxhgtrxd ae~ rdzrglthd n|x gs` xghnek ld|dran`e`|x e`l AR+ gr n|
ae~ hg`|rnbt|d |g |fdnr |re`xigrae|ng` \fd n`ydx|nce|ng` gi |fd diidh|x gi lnxhgtrxd ghhtrx e| |fd
|frdd kdydkx gi xghnek grce`n}e|ng`= xghnd|ek kdydk+ n`x|n|t|ng`ek kdydk+ e`l xn|te|ng`ek kdydk \fe| nx|fd xghnd|ek+ n`x|n|t|ng`ek+ gr xn|te|ng`ek ld|dran`e`|x nazgxd |fdnr xghnd|ek+ n`x|n|t|ng`ek+ e`l
xn|te|ng`ek diidh|x b~ ade`x gi lnxhgtrxek AR Bt| |fd |fn`c |fe| n`|drdx|x |fd agx| n` |fd
dvzke`e|ng` gi |fd lnxhgtrxd zrghdxx nx |fd nldgkgcnhek `e|trd gi AR |fe| nx+ |fd exxtaz|ng`x
ebgt| htk|trd+ xghnek rdke|ng`xfnzx+ e`l xghnek nld`|n|ndx sfnhf erd n`hgrzgre|dl n` AR+ ex xdd` ex
ld|dran`dl b~ zer|nhtker zgsdr rdke|ng`x n` |fd xghnd|~ e`l n`x|n|t|ng`+ e`l n` |drax gi |fdnr
hg`|rnbt|ng` |g x|rtcckdx |g xtx|en` gr hfe`cd |fdxd zgsdr rdke|ng`x
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HFEZ\DR 2
2 5 \fd Ebxgkt|nx| \reln|ng`
Bdigrd N ldhkerd a~ enax+ N xfgtkl knod |g dx|ebknxf |fd |sg exzdh|x gi |fd hg`hdz| gi
ebxgkt|nxa |fe| sgtkl xtzzgr| a~ itr|fdr erctad`|e|ng` e`l sgtkl n`|rglthd |fd cd`drek ena gi
|fd zrdxd`| hfez|dr
Inrx|+ N xfekk txd |fd hg`hdz| gi ebxgkt|nxa ex e zfnkgxgzfnhek e||n|tld ebgt| |fd fgknx|nh
yektd gi |rt|f |fe| d`hgazexxdx bg|f |fdgr~ e`l zreh|nhd+ bexdl g` |fd Fdcdkne` lnekdh|nhx \fd
xdhg`l rdeln`c gi |fnx |dra sgtkl gt|kn`d |fd xghnek exzdh| gi |fd ebxgkt|nx| |reln|ng` ex e
zgkn|nhek crgt`l gi |g|ekn|erne`nxa
Bdhetxd |fd agx| zer| gi |fd zrdxd`|e|ng` n` |fnx hfez|dr snkk bd ldekn`c sn|f n`|rglthn`c
|fd rdeldr |g |fd Aervnx| |fdgr~ |fe| snkk zrgynld rdkdye`| erctad`|x igr |fd hg`|d`| gi hfez|dr 2
e`l 8+ N xfekk aeod `g|nhd gi |fd zfnkgxgzfnhek e`l zgkn|nhek n`iktd`hdx gi Aervnxa &2 : .
Itr|fdr g` N xfekk gt|kn`d |fd aen` hg`hdz|x gi Aervnxa+ dehf hg`hdz| feyn`c e`
elln|ng`ek `g|d |fe| snkk dx|ebknxf Aervnxa ex e xghnek zfnkgxgzf~ |fe| rdaen`dl brgelk~
hgkkdh|nynx|+ ex lnx|n`ctnxfdl irga |fd n`lnynlteknx| |d`d| gi knbdreknxa &2 5 .
\fd xtbhfez|dr 2 2 n`|d`lx |g igkkgs |fd |re`xigrae|ng`x n` |fd Aervnx| iread gi
rdygkt|ng` |gserlx e hfe`cd n` |fd hg`|d`| gi xghneknxa sn|fn` e` dv|rdadk~ relnhek zdrxzdh|nyd
|fd se~ Aervnxa sex ezzkndl |g |fd Rtxxne` hg`|dv|
N` |fd kex| xtbhfez|dr &2 8 . N xfekk d`ldeygr |g aeod e xfgr| hrn|nutd gi |fd Aervnx| |fdxnx
|g igrdcrgt`l n|x keho gi hg`xnx|d`h~ e`l |rtx|itk`dxx+ e` e||daz| |fe| snkk ezzder ecen` sn|fn` e
athf &brgeldr. e`ek~|nhek zrdxd`|e|ng` n` |fd lnxhgtrxd e`ek~xnx n` hfez|dr
lnad`xng` Igr dveazkd Fdcdkx ad|ezf~xnhek nlde gi dx|re`cdad`|+ sex txdl b~ Aerv |g
dvzrdxx |fd eknd`e|ng` gi |fd sgrodr irga |fd bd`din| gi |fd zrglth|x gi fnx sgro+ |fd ferl
|rde|ad`| gi ftae` kebgtr ex e adrd hgaagln|~ e`l gi ae` ex e |fn`c X|nkk n`iktd`hdl b~
Fdcdkx |g|ekn|erne` x~x|da gi |fgtcf| Aerv |re`xigradl |fd lnekdh|nhek nldeknxa n`|g lnekdh|nhek
ae|drneknxa+ ehhgrln`c |g sfnhf xghnd|~ nx e agyn`c beke`hd gi e`|n|fd|nhek igrhdx |fe| zrglthd
xghnek hfe`cd \fd agx| hg`|rgydrxnek zgn`| nx |fe| ekk nldex &n`hktln`c zfnkgxgzfnhek |fdgrndx. erd
`g| ztrdk~ re|ng`ek e`l |ftx n`ldzd`ld | gi dv|dr`ek hnrhtax|e`hdx bt| ldzd`l tzg` |fd `e|trd gi
xghnek grldr n` sfnhf |fd~ ernxd
N` \fd Hgaat`nx| Ae`nidx|g fd elyghe|dl |fd hetxd igr e yngkd`| gydr|frgs gi |fd
dx|ebknxfdl grldr |fd bgtrcdgnx |fe| dvzkgn|dl |fd t`ldrk~n`c xghnek x|re|e Fd tzfgkldl |fd
nlde gi |fd igrae|ng` gi e Hgaat`nx| Zer|~ |g x|natke|d zrgkd|erne` hkexx!hg`xhngtx`dxx |gserl|fd xdn}trd gi zgsdr e`l |fd n`x|n|t|ng` gi e mtx| Xghneknx| xghnd|~
N feyd aeld |fnx n`|rglth|ng` gi |fd Aervnx| |fdgr~ e`l gi n|x zfnkgxgzfnhek n`iktd`hdx n`
grldr |g exxtrd e fnx|grnhek iread igr |fd `dv| x|ecd gi |fnx hfez|dr+ e zrdxd`|e|ng` e`l lnxhtxxng`
gi |fd agx| nazgr|e`| exzdh|x gi Aervnxa+ sfnhf n| snkk bd e agrd e`ek~|nhek x|ecd |fe| snkk
zrgynld e snldr hgazrdfd`xnyd`dxx gi a~ n`|d`|ng` rdke|dl |g |fd hrn|nhek e`ek~xnx gi ke`ctecd+
|fe| snkk bd igt`l n` hfez|dr
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n` |fd TXXR Fd ekxg idk| |fe| |fd D`cknxf hgaat`nx|x txdl |fdnr zgxn|ng` ex t`giinhnek
rdzrdxd`|e|nydx gi |fd TXXR |g zrdyd`| |fd |rt|f irga hgan`c gt| ! mtx| ex |fd~ fel lg`d n`
hg``dh|ng` sn|f |fd Xze`nxf Hnynk Ser
N`lddl+ n` a~ gzn`ng`+ `g|fn`c fex hg`|rnbt|dl xg athf |g |fd hgrrtz|ng` gi |fd grncn`ek
nlde gi Xghneknxa ex |fd bdkndi |fe| Rtxxne nx e Xghneknx| hgt`|r~ & . E`l xg igr |fd zex| |d` ~derx
N feyd bdd` hg`yn`hdl |fe| |fd ldx|rth|ng` gi |fd Xgynd| a~|f sex dxxd`|nek ni sd se`|dl e rdynyek
gi |fd Xghneknx| agydad`| &Grsdkk 2::5+ 85>.
\fe| sex sf~ Grsdkk srg|d E`naek Iera ex |fd x|gr~ gi |fd rdygkt|ng` bd|re~dl \fd |ekd
nx bexdl g` Grsdkkx dvzdrnd`hdx n` Xzen` |fe| fel xtbxdutd`|k~ kdl fna |g x|tl~ zgsdr
x|rth|trdx ltrn`c rdygkt|ng`x+ dxzdhnekk~ |fd Rtxxne`
\fd nlde igr |fd bggo fel bdd` n` |fd beho gi fnx an`l xn`hd rd|tr` irga Xzen` Feyn`c
berdk~ dxhezdl irga |fd kg`c rdehf gi X|ekn`x ecd`|x+ fd bdce` |g rdikdh| g` fgs e cd`tn`d
rdygkt|ng`er~ agydad`| n` Xzen` hgtkl feyd ekkgsdl n|xdki |g hgad xg hgazkd|dk~ t`ldr |fd
hg`|rgk gi e lnh|e|gr knyn`c |fgtxe`lx gi ankdx ese~ Gi hgtrxd+ |fd ieh| |fe| X|ekn` sex ebkd |g
xtzzk~ |fd rdztbknh sn|f erax sex nazgr|e`|+ bt| |fd n`iktd`hd sd`| bd~g`l |fd grln`er~ kdydk gi
ber|drn`c erax igr zgkn|nhek n`iktd`hd X|ekn` d`mg~dl e cgl!knod x|e|tx+ e`l |fd Xgynd|x fel
dvzgt`ldl e a~|fgkgc~ gi |fd Rtxxne` Rdygkt|ng` sfnhf fel cnyd` |fdnr eh|nyn|ndx e xehrdl etre
\fd Rdygkt|ng` sex ckgrngtx+ e`l dydr~|fn`c lg`d n` n|x `ead sex et|gae|nhekk~ zer| gi |fe|
ckgr~ Grsdkk xes fgs |fnx zgsdritk naecd fel xdlthdl `g| g`k~ |fd Xze`nxf rdygkt|ng`erndx
sfg se`|dl |g |fn`o gi |fdaxdkydx ex hgareldx igkkgsn`c |fd ze||dr` gi Xgynd| xthhdxx bt| ekxg
sdkk!ade`n`c xghneknx|x dydr~sfdrd N` fnx Zrdiehd |g |fd Toren`ne` dln|ng` gi E`naek Iera +
Grsdkk xzde ox gi fnx ldxnrd |g hgabe| |fd `dce|nyd n`iktd`hd gi |fd Xgynd| a~|f tzg` |fd
Sdx|dr` Xghneknx| agydad`| Sfe| bd||dr se~ |g incf| |fe| a~|f |fe` |g hrde|d e a~|fnhek x|gr~
gi e`naekx sfgxd xthhdxxitk rdygk| ecen`x| |~re``~ ldcd`dre|dx n`|g e crddl~ x|rtcckd igr zgsdr7&Xfdkld` 5>>5+
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Aemgr |rndx |g dvzken` |fd e`naekx# zkehd n` `e|trd e`l fgs |fd~ he` cd| gt| gi n|+ ydr~ athf knod
Aerv#x srn|n`c g` |fd xghnek hg`xhngtx`dxx gi |fd zrgkd|erne| n` E Hg`|rnbt|ng` |g |fd Zgkn|nhek
Dhg`ga~ e`l |fd dynk zreh|nhdx gi bgtrcdgnx!hg`|rgkkdl hezn|eknxa n` \fd Hgaat`nx| Ae`nidx|g
Ei|dr |fd brdeogt| gi |fd rdygkt|ng`+ sfnhf fezzd`dl xzg`|e`dgtxk~+ |fd zncx exxtad
kdeldrxfnz sn|f @ezgkdg` &rdel X|ekn`. e`l X`gsbekk &rdel \rg|xo~. n` irg`| \fd zncx exxtad
zrnynkdcdx e`l d`l tz rtkn`c |fd g|fdr e`naekx
\fd zgsdr x|rtcckd bd|sdd` @ezgkdg` e`l X`gsbekk lgdx `g| ade` |fe| |fd zncx erd
lnynldl Sfd` n| hgadx |g ldid`l |fdnr zrnynkdcdx ecen`x| |fd g|fdr e`naekx+ |fd~ x|nho |gcd|fdr
N| nx dyd` zrgbebkd |fe| |fd xn|te|ng` sgtkl feyd bdd` `g lniidrd`| fel X`gsbekk sg` n`x|del gi
@ezgkdg`
Fnx|grnhek ieh|x hfe`cd ehhgrln`c |g sfe| xtn|x |fd zncx ex n` |fd hexd gi |fd sn`lankk
Grncn`ekk~ n| sex X`gsbekk#x nlde e`l @ezgkdg` fel gi hgtrxd bdd` gzzgxdl |g |fd sn`lankk Bt|
ei|dr X`gsbekk fex bdd` lrnyd` ese~ |fd ankk nx |g bd btnk| ei|dr ekk \fgxd e`naekx |fe| yectdk~
rdadabdr fgs |fn`cx sdrd erd |gkl |fe| eh|tekk~ n| fel bdd` @ezgkdg`#x nlde e`l |fe| fd fel
gzzgxdl X`gsbekk igr |eh|nhek rdexg`x E`g|fdr dveazkd nx |fd xdyd` hgaae`lad`|x |fe| hfe`cd
hg`htrrd`|k~ sn|f |fd zncx rdxdabkn`c ftae` bdn`cx agrd e`l agrd Dyd`|tekk~ |fd xdyd`|f
hgaae`lad`|+ Ekk e`naekx erd dutek fex fel |fd igkkgsn`c elldl= bt| xgad e`naekx erd
agrd dutek |fe` g|fdrx+ n` grldr |g xtn| |fd zncx n`|drdx|x
N E`naek Iera+ Grsdkk nx `g| g` |fd xnld gi |fd ftae`x \fd zncx erd |fd ynkken`x n` |fd
|ekd e`l |fd~ bdhgad knod ftae`x N` |fd d`l gi |fd bggo+ zncx e`l ftae`x erd zke~n`c herlx
Sfd` xgadg`d hfde|x+ e rgs x|er|x
\sdkyd ygnhdx sdrd xfgt|n`c n` e`cdr+ e`l |fd~ sdrd ekk eknod @g utdx|ng` `gs+ sfe|
fel fezzd`dl |g |fd iehdx gi |fd zncx \fd hrde|trdx gt|xnld kggodl irga znc |g ae`+ e`l irga
ae` |g znc+ e`l irga znc |g ae` ecen`? bt| ekrdel~ n| sex nazgxxnbkd |g xe~ sfnhf sex sfnhf
&Grsdkk 5>68+ 99.
N` g|fdr sgrlx+ gkl e`l `ds |~re``ndx erd |fd xead Et|fgrn|erne` igrax gi cgydr`ad`|+
sfd|fdr bexdl g` xghnek gr zgkn|nhek hex|dx+ erd bexnhekk~ eknod e`l |fd~ erd ekk e le`cdr |g
irddlga ! ex fex ekse~x bdd` hkenadl b~ e`erhfnx|x Grsdkk erctdx ecen`x| |fd Rtxxne`
rdygkt|ng` |fe| sex bd|re~dl n` |fd xead se~ |fe| e`erhfnx|x lnl ex derk~ ex |fd 5>2:x \fd
e`erhfnx| |ren|x n` Grsdkk sdrd |g bdhgad agrd zrg`gt`hdl e`l igra e` dxxd`|nek zer| gi
@n`d|dd` Dncf|~!Igtr
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8 2 2. xgad e`naekx erd agrd dutek |fe` g|fdrx. Rdke|nyd \rt|f Grsdkkx hrn|nutd gi Aerv nx |fe| Aerv bdkndydl |gg athf n` e re|ng`ekn}dl+ dlthe|dl
zrgkd|erne| |fe|+ exxdr|x Grsdkk+ he` `dydr dvnx| Aerv sex |gg |fdgrd|nhek n` fnx mtlcn`c |fdhezebnkn|~ gi |fd zrgkd|erne| |g hfe`cd |fdnr knid
\g Grsdkk+ |fd zrgkd|erne| nx |gg dexnk~ xse~dl b~ n|x kdeldrx ex sdkk ex n|x ctnln`c
nldgkgcndx \fdrd erd |fd kdeldrx |fe| Grsdkk ld|dx|x mtx| ex athf ex e xghnd|~ |fe| ekkgsx |fda |g
dadrcd
N` E`naek Iera + |fd zrgkd|erne| nx `g| ydr~ xsni| n` rdhgc`n}n`c n|x xn|te|ng`x \fd
e`naekx+ n`lgh|rn`e|dl b~ e lnxhgtrxd gi rdygkt|ng` zt| igr|f b~ |fd zncx e`l zdrzd|te|dl b~ |fd
Xdyd` Hgaae`lad`|x zen`|dl g` |fd ber` sekk e`l |fd xg`c gi |fd rdygkt|ng`+ Bdex|x gi
D`cke`l + lg `g| rdekn}d |fe| ex |fd x|e|d gi |fdnr xghnd|~ hfe`cdx dydr~ |nad |fd lnxhgtrxd cd|x
agkldl b~ e kdeldr+ n| x|e~x |fd xead
\fd Xdyd` Hgaae`lad`|x+ b~ |fd d`l gi |fd `gydk+ dyd`|tekk~ bdhgad g`d
hgaae`lad`| e`l Bdex|x gi D`cke`l+ e xg`c |etcf| |g | fd e`naekx b~ gkl Aemgr+ nx rdzkehdl
b~ E`naek Iera+ e xg`c |etcf| b~ An`natx+ |fd zgd| \fd rdzkehdad`| gi Bdex|x gi D`cke`l
aerox |fd hrthnek hfe`cd irga hgkkdh|nyd kg`cn`c igr e irddr dvnx|d`hd |g e cgydr`ad`|!d`igrhdl
d`|ftxnexa igr e t|gzne giinhnekk~ zrghkenadl e`l `gs ehfndydl
N| nx |fd rdzkehdad`| gi Bdex|x gi D`cke`l sfdrd Gkl Aemgrx &Aervx. E`naeknxa+
rdzrdxd`|dl b~ n|x k~rnhx+ crezfnhekk~ ienkx+ xthhtabn`c |g e xnazkd xg`c xthf ex E`naek Iera
\fd rdexg` igr sfnhf e`naekx ehhdz| ekk |fd hfe`cdx e| |fd iera hgadx irga |fd
nldgkgcnhek |re`xigrae|ng`x gi |fdnr rdekn|~ \fd bdx| igr |fd zncx |g aen`|en` |fdnr zgsdr sex |g
oddz e hg`x|e`| hg`itxng` eag`c |fd e`naekx+ zdrae`d`|k~ hfe`cn`c |fd x|e|dad`|x \fd e`naekx
hgazk~ sn|fgt| zg`ldrn`c |gg athf tzg`+ igr dveazkd+ sf~ |fd igtr|f hgaae`lad`| fel
hfe`cdl n` @g e`naek xfekk xkddz n` e bdl sn|f xfdd|x Ek|fgtcf |fd~ lg`| utn|d rdadabdr |fd
hgaae`lad`|x |g feyd ekse~x bdd` ex xthf+ |fd~ ehhdz| |fd hfernxae|nh ze|fgx |fd zncx txd+
|fe| xgadfgs rdxdabkd e |frde|=
\fd rtkd sex ecen`x| xfdd|x + sfnhf erd e ftae` n`yd`|ng` Sd feyd rdagydl |fd xfdd|x
irga |fd ierafgtxd bdlx+ e`l xkddz bd|sdd` bke`od|x E`l ydr~ hgaigr|ebkd bdlx |fd~ erd |gg%
Bt| `g| agrd hgaigr|ebkd |fe` sd `ddl+ N he` |dkk ~gt+ hgareldx+ sn|f ekk |fd bren`sgro sd feyd
|g lg `gsele~x ^gt sgtkl `g| rtb tx gi gtr rdzgxd+ sgtkl ~gt+ hgareldx7 ^gt sgtkl `g| feyd
tx |gg |nrdl |g herr~ gt| gtr lt|ndx7 Xtrdk~ `g`d gi ~gt snxfdx |g xdd Mg`dx beho7 &Grsdkk 5>68+86.
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\fd xdyd`|f hgaae`lad`| nldgkgcnhekk~ agtkldl+ hkderk~ dx|ebknxfdx |fd lniidrd`hd
bd|sdd` |fd zncx e`l g|fdr e`naekx+ hg`hdr`n`c |fdnr rncf|x= Ekk e`naekx erd dutek bt| xgad
e`naekx erd agrd dutek |fe` g|fdrx Bt| |fd lniidrd`hd lgdx `g| hg`xnx| n` |drax gi dutekn|~
bd|sdd` e`naekx+ rdeln`c n| ex n` xgad e`naekx &|fd zncx. erd agrd dutek &erd bd||dr. |fe`
g|fdrx
Ni dutek he` ade` xgad|fn`c ldxnrebkd e`l cggl+ n| he` ekxg n` e zrnaer~ xd`xd ade`
`g agrd |fe` nld`|nhek gr xead N| nx |fnx ade`n`c+ N bdkndyd+ |fe| zrd lgan`e|dx n` |fd xkgce`
\fd xkgce` xfgtkl rdel+ xgad e`naekx &`g| |fd zncx. erd agrd dutek &erd agrd |fd xead. |fe`
g|fdrx &|fd xtzdrngr zncx. N` |fnx rdeln`c |fd zncx se`| kdxx dutekn|~+ `g| agrd? bdn`c agrd
dutek ade`x |fe| ~gt bdkg`c |g |fd hgaag` fdrl+ `g| |fd dkn|d N` |fd d`l |fnx ae~ kdel |g athf
|fd xead hg`hktxng` ex n` |fd zgztker rdeln`c gi |fd xkgce` ! |fd zncx n` bg|f rdeln`cx erd
aeron`c |fdaxdkydx gii irga |fd g|fdr e`naekx ! bt| sfe| nx e| nxxtd fdrd nx |fd se~ dutekn|~ nx
bdn`c ldin`dl+ b~ |fd zncx e`l gi hgtrxd b~ Grsdkk fnaxdki N` |fd gbyngtx rdeln`c gi |fd xkgce`+
dutekn|~ nx e ldxnrebkd x|e|d gi eiienrx+ sn|f |fd zncx hkenan`c agrd gi n| igr |fdaxdkydx? n` |fd
xdhg`l rdeln`c+ n| nx lnx|n`h|k~ t`ldxnrebkd+ e`l |fd zncx se`| `g|fn`c |g lg sn|f n| Kgsdr
e`naekx erd dutek+ |fd fncfdr g`dx ldhnldlk~ t`dutek \fd xkgce` ekkgsx lniidrd`| rdeln`cx ltd
|g |fd dvzkgn|ebkd eabnctn|ndx gi n|x od~ |dra+ dutek
N` Zgkn|nhx e`l |fd D`cknxf Ke`ctecd Grsdkk knx|x dutekn|~ ex g`d gi |fgxd sg rlx
txdl n` yernebkd ade`n`cx+ n` agx| hexdx agrd gr kdxx lnxfg`dx|k~
Zgkn|nhekk~+ |fd |dra dutekn|~ yerndx+ n` Grsdkk ynds+ ehhgrln`c |g |fd |~zd gi nldgkgc~
@g ae||dr |fd igra gi cgydr`ad`|+ ke`ctecd nx txdl |g in| |fd zer|~x hrddl Gbyngtxk~+ |fd xdyd`
hgaae`lad`|x sdrd ldknbdre|dk~ ldxnc`dl b~ n|x et|fgr |g hrde|d zrgbkdax gi n`|drzrd|e|ng` n` e
hg`|dv| sfdrd |fd ae`nztke|ng` gi ke`ctecd nx e` dxxd`|nek zer| gi |fd zgkn|nhek zrghdxx
8 2 8 @n`d|dd` Dncf|~!Igtr
N` Idbrter~ 5>
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E |g|ekn|erne` x|e|d nx n` diidh| e |fdghreh~+ e`l n|x rtkn`c hex|d+ n` grldr |g oddz n|x
zgxn|ng`+ fex |g bd |fgtcf| gi ex n`iekknbkd Bt| xn`hd+ n` zreh|nhd+ `g g`d nx n`iekknbkd+ n| nx
irdutd`|k~ `dhdxxer~ |g rderre`cd zex| dyd`|x n` grldr |g xfgs |fe| |fnx gr |fe| anx|eod sex `g|
aeld+ gr |fe| |fnx gr |fe| naecn`er~ |rntazf eh|tekk~ fezzd`dl \fd`+ ecen`+ dydr~ aemgr hfe`cd
n` zgknh~ ldae`lx e hgrrdxzg`ln`c hfe`cd gi lgh|rn`d e`l e rdyekte|ng` gi zrgan`d`| fnx|grnhek
inctrdx &Grsdkk 5>66+
e`l Grsdkk lndl n` Me`ter~ 5>4: Bt| ekxg n` e inctre|nyd xd`xd sex |fnx fnx kex| bggo @n`d|dd`
Dncf|~!Igtr sex |fd hg`hktxng` gi ekagx| dydr~|fn`c |fe| Grsdkk fel srn||d` xn`hd 5>89 sfd`
fd sn|f \fd Rgel |g Snce` Zndr bdce` hrn|nhnxn`c |fd gr|fglgv Kdi| e`l sfd` fd sd`| |g Xzen`
N @n`d|dd` Dncf|~!Igtr Grsdkk hrde|dl e |g|ekn|erne` t`nydrxd+ Ghde`ne+ sn|f n|x gs` fnx|gr~ e`l
n``dr adhfe`nxa
N` |fd igtr|f ldheld gi |fd |sd`|nd|f hd`|tr~+ Grsdkk xe~x n` |fd bggo+ ekk aen` zgkn|nhek
nldgkgcndx sdrd et|fgrn|erne` Zerelnxd g` Der|f fel bdd` rdmdh|dl e| |fd zrdhnxd agad`| sfd` n|
bdhead idexnbkd Dydr~ `ds zgkn|nhek |fdgr~+ sfe|dydr n|x `ead+ kdl |g fndrerhf~ e`l
rdcnad`|e|ng` Ei|dr serx+ hnynk serx+ rdygkt|ng`x e`l hgt`|drrdygkt|ng`x ekk gydr |fd sgrkl
N`cxgh &@dsxzdeo igr D`cknxf xghneknxa. e`l n|x rnyekx ezzderdl ex itkk~ ldydkgzdl |fdgrndx
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\fd~ sdrd e hg`|n`te|ng` gi yerngtx zgkn|nhek x~x|dax+ cd`drekk~ hekkdl |g|ekn|erne`+ e`l |fd
ldydkgzad`| fel kg`c bdd` gbyngtx
Ei|dr |fd rdygkt|ng`er~ zdrngl gi |fd 5>4:x e`l 5>9:x+ Grsdkk hg`|n`tdx+ xghnd|~ fel ex
ekse~x rd|tr`dl |g |fd gkl hkexx x~x|da sn|f e` tzzdr+ anllkd e`l kgsdr hkexx Bt| |fd `ds |fn`c
sex |fe| |fd tzzdr hkexx fel rdeknxdl |fe| hgkkdh|nynxa sex |fd g`k~ se~ gi d`xtrn`c |fd
gkncerhf~ Zrnye|d zrgzdr|~ sex ebgknxfdl b~ dvzrgzrne|n`c |fd hezn|eknx|x+ e`l n` |fnx se~
zrnye|d zrgzdr|~ sex hg`hd`|re|dl g` idsdr fe`lx+ `eadk~ g`d= |fd Zer|~ sex |fd `ds gs`dr
\fd sgrkl gi 5>6< nx lnynldl n`|g |frdd xtzdr x|e|dx &Ghde`ne+ Dex|exne e`l Dtrexne. |fe|
erd e| zdrzd|tek ser sn|f dehf g|fdr? |fd |sg ecen`x| |fd |fnrl sn|f |fd ekkne`hdx hfe`cn`c
hg`x|e`|k~ Grsdkk xe~x |fe| n| nx e ser sn|f knan|dl gbmdh|nydx n` sfnhf `g`d gi |fd serrn`c
zer|ndx nx hezebkd gi ldx|rg~n`c |fd g|fdrx \fdrd erd `g ae|drnek hetxdx igr incf|n`c `gr e`~
nldgkgcnhek g`dx gi e`~ nazgr|e`hd Sfe| ae||drx nx |g hg`xtad |fd zrglth|x gi |fd aehfn`d
sn|fgt| renxn`c |fd x|e`lerl gi knyn`c
\fd dxxd`|nek eh| gi ser nx ldx|rth|ng`+ `g| `dhdxxernk~ gi ftae` knydx+ bt| gi |fd zrglth|x
gi ftae` kebgtr Ser nx e se~ gi xfe||drn`c |g zndhdx+ gr zgtrn`c n`|g |fd x|re|gxzfdrd+ gr xn`on`c
n` |fd ldz|fx gi |fd xde+ ae|drnekx sfnhf ancf| g|fdrsnxd bd txdl |g aeod |fd aexxdx |gg
hgaigr|ebkd+ e`l fd`hd+ n` |fd kg`c rt`+ |gg n`|dkkncd`| &Grsdkk 5>68+ 649.
Itr|fdragrd+ e cd`drek n`hrdexd n` |fd x|e`lerl gi knyn`c sgtkl ldx|rg~ |fd fndrerhfnhek
xghnek x|rth|trd xn`hd sdek|f sgtkl `g kg`cdr bd xgad|fn`c lnynln`c |fd hkexxdx
E| |fd |gz gi Ghde`ne#x fndrerhf~ nx Bnc Brg|fdr+ sfg nx n`iekknbkd e`l ekk!zgsdritk=
Dydr~ xthhdxx+ dydr~ ehfndydad`|+ dydr~ ynh|gr~+ dydr~ xhnd`|ninh lnxhgydr~+ ekk o`gskdlcd+ ekk
snxlga+ ekk fezzn`dxx+ ekk ynr|td+ erd fdkl |g n xxtd lnrdh|k~ irga fnx kdeldrxfnz e`l n`xznre|ng`
&Grsdkk 5>68+ 698.
@g g`d fex dydr xdd` Bnc Brg|fdr? fd e xgr| gi d`|n|~ |fe| igr xtrd snkk `dydr lnd BncBrg|fdr nx |fd ctnxd n` sfnhf |fd Zer|~ fex hfgxd` |g ezzder |g |fd sgrkl Bnc Brg|fdr nx
xgadbgl~ |g sfga ~gt lnrdh| ~gtr kgyd+ ider e`l eiidh|ng`+ ex |fdxd erd iddkn`cx agrd dexnk~ idk|
|gserlx e zdrxg` |fe` e` grce`nxe|ng`
Bdkgs Bnc Brg|fdr n` |fd fndrerhf~ nx |fd N``dr Zer|~ igkkgsdl b~ |fd Gt|dr Zer|~ \fd
N``dr Zer|~ nx |fd bren` e`l |fd Gt|dr Zer|~ |fd knabx E`l e| |fd bg||ga gi |fd fndrerhf~ erd |fd
Zrgkdx+ hg`x|n|t|n`c ebgt| 64 zdr hd`| gi |fd zgztke|ng` Grsdkk srn|dx |fe| `gbgl~ rdekk~ o`gsx
e`~|fn`c ebgt| |fd Zrgkdx Kdi| |g |fdaxdkydx |fd~ feyd rdydr|dl |g e se~ gi knid |fe| xddax
`e|trek |g |fda e`l |fe| bdkg`cx |g |fd zex|
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\fd rdcnad gi Ghde`ne fex xdydrek ad|fglx gi hg`|rgkkn`c |fd zgztke|ng` Ecd`|x irga
|fd \fgtcf| Zgknhd erd dydr~sfdrd e`l n` ekk fgtxdx erd |dkdxhrdd`x hezebkd gi rdhdnyn`c ex sdkk
ex |re`xan||n`c xg |fe| |fd ghhtze`|x erd t`ldr hg`x|e`| xtrydnkke`hd Dydr~ le~ |fdrd nx |fd \sg
An`t|dx Fe|d Zdgzkd ce|fdr n` irg`| gi |fd |dkdxhrdd`x e`l se|hf e zrgcrea |fe| aeodx |fda
xhrdea e`l xfgt| sn|f fe|rdl \g |fd bggo#x zrg|ecg`nx|+ Sn`x|g` Xan|f+ |fd |drrnbkd |fn`c nx `g|
xg athf |fe| ~gt erd igrhdl |g zer|nhnze|d bt| |fe| n| nx nazgxxnbkd `g| |g cd| herrndl ese~ \fd
hg`|d`|x hfe`cd dydr~ le~ bt| |fd aen` hfereh|dr gi |fd zrgcrea nx ekse~x Daae`tdk Cgklx|dn`
&g`hd e kdeln`c inctrd n` |fd zer|~ bt|+ bdhetxd fd d`cecdl n` hgt`|drrdygkt|ng`er~ eh|nyn|ndx+
fd nx `gs e rd`dceld.
Cgklx|dn` &`gs kdeln`c |fd xdhrd| kdectd+ hekkdl |fd Brg|fdrfggl. fex srn||d` e bggo+
\fd \fdgr~ e`l Zreh|nhd gi Gkncerhfnhek Hgkkdh|nynxa n` sfnhf |fd fnx|gr~ e`l n``dr adhfe`nxa
gi Ghde`ne erd dvzken`dl E| |fd d`l gi @n`d|dd` Dncf|~!Igtr n| |tr`x gt| |fe| Cgklx|dn` nx |fd
n`yd`|ng` gi |fd Zer|~ e`l |fe| fnx bggo nx srn||d` b~ eag`c g|fdrx GBrnd`+ sfg rdzrdxd`|x |fd
Zer|~ e`l sfg nx |fd ynkken` gi |fd bggo Cgklx|dn` nx txdl ex e xhezdcge| |g lnydr| lnxhg`|d`| e`l
igr dvzgxn`c rdbdkx knod Sn`x|g`+ sfg hg`inldx n` GBrnd` sfga fd |fn`ox nx e adabdr gi |fd
Brg|fdrfggl
E aemgr rdexg` igr |fd f~x|drne ltrn`c |fd \sg An`t|dx Fe|d nx rdzrdxxdl xdvtekn|~ \fd
Zer|~ nx ecen`x| xdv e`l |fd cgek nx `g| mtx| |g zrdyd`| ad` e`l sgad` irga iddkn`c kg~ek |g dehf
g|fdr+ sfnhf n` |tr` snkk zrdyd`| |fd Zer|~ irga dvdrhnxn`c n|x hg`|rgk \fd rdek ztrzgxd nx |g
rdagyd zkdextrd irga xdv= &. xdvtek zrnye|ng` n`lthdl f~x|drne+ sfnhf sex ldxnrebkd bdhetxd
n| hgtkl b d |re`xigradl n`|g ser idydr e`l kdeldr sgrxfnz &Grsdkk 5>68+ 3
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|fda |g bd hg`|relnh|gr~ e`l bdkndyn`c n` bg|f gi |fda+ |g txd kgcnh ecen`x| kgcnh+ |g rdztlne|d
agrekn|~ sfnkd ke~n`c hkena |g n|+ |g bdkndyd |fe| ldaghreh~ sex nazgxxnbkd e`l |fe| |fd Zer|~ sex
|fd cterlne` gi ldaghreh~+ |g igrcd| sfe|dydr n| sex `dhdxxer~ |g igrcd|+ |fd` lres n| beho n`|g
adagr~ ecen` e| |fd agad`| sfd` n| sex `ddldl+ e`l |fd` zrgaz|k~ |g igrcd| n| ecen`= e`l ebgyd
ekk+ |g ezzk~ |fd xead zrghdxx |g |fd zrghdxx n|xdki \fe| sex |fd tk|nae|d xtb|kd|~= hg`xhngtxk~ |g
n`lthd t`hg`xhngtx`dxx+ e`l |fd`+ g`hd ecen`+ |g bdhgad t`hg`xhngtx gi |fd eh| gi f~z`gxnx ~gt
fel mtx| zdrigradl Dyd` |g t`ldrx|e`l |fd sgrl #lgtbkd|fn`o# n`ygkydl |fd txd gi lgtbkd|fn`o
&Grsdkk 5>68+ 398.
8.2.6< `g g`d dazkg~x @dsxzdeo ex |fd g`k~ ade`x gi dvzrdxxng`+ bt| n| nx
dvzdh|dl |fe| @dsxzdeo snkk feyd rdzkehdl Gklxzdeo ergt`l ~der 2:4: @dsxzdeo hg`xnx|x gi
ebbrdyne|ng`x+ e`l Grsdkk srn|dx n` fnx Ezzd`lnv |g @n`d|dd` Dncf|~!Igtr g` @dsxzdeo |fe|
ekrdel~ derk~ n` |fd |sd`|nd|f hd`|tr~ ebbrdyne|ng`x sdrd zer| gi zgkn|nhek ke`ctecd N| sex
dxzdhnekk~ snldxzrdel n` |g|ekn|erne` hgt`|rndx e`l grce`nxe|ng`x Ex dveazkdx+ fd ad`|ng`x
@e}n+ Cdx|ezg+ Ogan`|dr`+ N`zrdhgrr+ Ecn|zrgz Irga e |g|ekn|erne` yndszgn`|+ |fd elye`|ecd gi
ebbrdyne|ng`x knod |fdxd nx |fe| |fdnr ade`n`c nx knan|dl e`l ek|drdl xg |fe| ekk exxghne|ng`x erdrdagydl
\fd ztrzgxd gi @dsxzdeo nx `g| g`k~ |g bd e adlnta igr |fd nldex e`l sgrklynds gi
N`cxgh? n| nx ekxg ade`| |g aeod ekk g|fdr se~x gi |fn`on`c nazgxxnbkd e`l |ftx rdagyd ekk
fdrd|nhek |fgtcf|x
Lg`| ~gt xdd |fe| |fd sfgkd ena gi @dsxzdeo nx |g `errgs |fd re`cd gi |fgtcf|7 N` |fd
d`l sd xfekk aeod |fgtcf|hrnad kn|drekk~ nazgxxnbkd+ bdhetxd |fdrd snkk bd `g sgrlx n` sfnhf |g
dvzrdxx n| Dydr~ hg`hdz| |fe| he` dydr bd `ddldl snkk bd dvzrdxxdl b~ dveh|k~ g`d sgrl+ sn|f n|x
ade`n`c rncnlk~ ldin`dl e`l ekk n|x xtbxnlner~ ade`n`cx rtbbdl gt| e`l igrcg||d` &. Dydr~ ~der
idsdr e`l idsdr sgrlx+ e`l |fd re`cd gi hg`xhngtx`dxx ekse~x e kn||kd xaekkdr Dyd` `gs+ gi
hgtrxd + |fdrdx `g rdexg` gr dvhtxd igr hgaan||n`c |fgtcf|hrnad N|x adrdk~ e utdx|ng` gi xdki !
lnxhnzkn`d+ rdekn|~!hg`|rgk Bt| n` |fd d`l |fdrd sg`| bd e`~ `ddl dyd` igr |fe| &. N` ieh| |fdrd
snkk bd `g |fgtcf|+ ex sd t`ldrx|e`l n| `gs Gr|fglgv~ ade`x `g| |fn`on`c `g| `ddln`c |g
|fn`o Gr|fglgv~ nx t`hg`xhngtx`dxx &Grsdkk 5>68+ 338.
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E| e zgn`| Sn`x|g` srn|dx n` fnx lner~ |fe| fd t`ldrx|e`lx fgs bt| `g| sf~ \fnx sf~
Cdgrcd Grsdkk ekrdel~ exodl n` Hgan`c tz igr Enr n` 5>8>+ e`l n` @n`d|dd` Dncf|~!Igtr
GBrnd` cnydx fna |fd e`xsdr= \fd Zer|~ xddox zgsdr d`|nrdk~ igr n|x gs` xeod Sd erd `g|
n`|drdx|dl n` |fd cggl gi g|fdrx? sd erd n`|drdx|dl xgkdk~ n` zgsdr &. Zgsdr n| `g| e ade`x+ n| nx
e` d`l &Grsdkk 5>68+ 6>4.
\fd ae||dr gi ke`ctecd @dsxzdeo nx hd`|rek |g |fd sgrkl gi @n`d|dd` Dncf|~!Igtr
Ke`ctecd nx g`d gi |fd od~ n`x|rtad`|x gi zgkn|nhek lgan`e|ng`+ |fd dxxd`|nek ade`x gi |fd
|g|ekn|erne` hg`|rgk gi rdekn|~ Ex X~ad dvzken`x |g Sn`x|g`= \fd Rdygkt|ng` snkk bd hgazkd|d
sfd` |fd ke`ctecd nx zdridh| @dsxzdeo nx N`cxgh e`l N`cxgh nx @dsxzdeo &Grsdkk 5>68+ 338.
N` hfez|dr 2+ xdh|ng` 2 2 N feyd ad`|ng`dl |fd hkexxninhe|ng` knx|dl b~ Bgcle` Inhdeh sn|f
rdxzdh| |g |fd ae`nztke|ng` x|re|dcndx n` e |g|ekn|erne` x~x|da Eag`c |fd dncf| x|re|dcndx+ |fd
xehrdl xhnd`hd nx |fd bexd g` sfnhf |fd |fdgrd|nhne`x mtx|ni~ |fd |g|ekn|erne` nldgkgc~+ fdrekln`c
ebgt| |fd ebxgkt|d yektd gi |fd rdxzdh|nyd lgcae+ |fd g`k~ nldgkgc~ |fe| hgtkl zgxxnbk~ zgxxdxx
|fd |rt|f \fd xehrdl`dxx ae`nidx|x n|xdki |frgtcf |fd n`|drlnh|ng` |g utdx|ng` |fd yektd gi |fd
nldgkgc~? |fd bexdx gi |fnx nldgkgc~ erd hg`xnldrdl |g bd bd~g`l e`~ lgtb|+ e`l kggon`c igr
e`xsdrx ebgt| |fd nldgkgcnhek |rt|f sgtkl bd hg`xnldrdl e xehrnkdcd
\fd |fdgrd|nhne`x gi |g|ekn|erne`nxa ldek sn|f ekrdel~ o`gs` hg`hdz|x+ bt| |fd~
zdrydr| |fda n`|g hgazkd|dk~ `ds ade`n`cx+ |g xtn| |fdnr nldgkgc~ g`k~ Igr dveazkd+ igr
D`ckdx+ |fd d|fnhx fex |fd hkexx exzdh|+ ex Zng|r Sndr}bnhon gbxdrydl+ n` fnx bggo \fd
X|rth|trd gi |fd Knd \fd txtek Rncf| lgdx `g| dvnx| e`~ kg`cdr+ bdn`c rdzkehdl b~ |fd
gbmdh|nydrncf| e`l |fd ezzerd`| rncf| @dn|fdr |fd hgaag` \rt|f dvnx|x+ feyn`c bdd`
rdzkehdl b~ |fd |rtk~ gbmdh|nyd |rt|f e`l |fd ezzerd`|k~ gbmdh|nyd |rt|f \fd xead zrghdxx
nx ezzkndl |g ldaghreh~= ldaghreh~ n` cd`drek nx `g kg`cdr yeknl+ bt| |fdrd nx |rtd
ldaghreh~ e`l iekxd ldaghreh~? |fd ftae` rncf|x ekxg xtiidr |fd xead xzkn| bd|sdd`
inh|n|ngtx e`l rdek ftae` rncf|x 2
2 Bgcle` Inhdeh+ \df`nhn ld ae`nztkerd + Bthtrdx|n+ @danre+ 2::5+ z. 36= ++\dgrd|nhnd`nn |g|ekn|ernxatktngzdrde} ht hg`hdz|d ldme ht`gxht|d+ ler kd zdrydr|dxh+ kd gidr `dkdxtrn ht |g|tk `gn+ herd xxdrydexh lger nldgkgcndn kgr. Xzrd dvdazkt+ n` yn}nt`de ktn D`cdkx+ agreke hez| brtxh hereh|dr ldhkexe+ ltze hta gbxdry Zng|r Sndr}bnhon n` X|rth|tre an`hnt`nn . Bn`dkd gbn`tn| `t aen dvnx|+ hn ezer
bn`dkd eldyre| n bn`dkd ezerd`| . @nhn eldyrtk gbn`tn| `t aen dvnx|+ dk inn`l `kghtn| ld eldyer tk ht eldyre| gbndh|ny n ld hdk lger ezerd`| gbndh|ny. Ke idk `t aen dvnx| ldaghrend ` cd`drek+ hn ldaghreneldyre| n ldaghrend iekx+ lrdz|trnkd gatktn xd azer| n ehdx|de ` inh|nyd n rdekd .
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\fd ena gi lgtbkd|fn`o sex |g aeod ~gt ehhdz| |fdxd hg`|rerndx+ |g |fn`o |fda \fe| nx |g
ehhdz| bg|f |fd ezzdere`hd e`l |fd fnlld` ade`n`c? bg|f |fd rdek e`l |fd knd N` g|fdr sgrlx+
lgtbkd|fn`o nx |fd giixzrn`c gi |fd lnekdh|nhek |fgtcf|
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Lnekdh|nhx+ xg!hekkdlgbmdh|nyd lnekdh|nhx+ zrdyenkx |frgtcfgt| `e|trd+ e`l xg!hekkdl
xtbmdh|nyd lnekdh|nhx &lnekdh|nhek |fgtcf|.+ nx g`k~ |fd rdikdh|ng` gi |fd ag|ng` |frgtcf gzzgxn|dx
sfnhf exxdr|x n|xdki dydr~sfdrd n` `e|trd+ e`l sfnhf b~ |fd hg`|n`tek hg`iknh| gi |fd gzzgxn|dx e`l
|fdnr in`ek zexxecd n`|g g`d e`g|fdr+ gr n`|g fncfdr igrax+ ld|dran`dx |fd knid gi `e|trd &D`cdkx+
Lnekdh|nhx gi @e|trd .
Lnekdh|nhek |fgtcf| nx bexdl g` |fd gbmdh|nyd lnekdh|nhx+ e zrghdxx sfnhf hg`|n`tdx |fd
ag|ng` n`ldzd`ld`| gi |fd hfe`cd N` agrd zreh|nhek |drax+ n| lnl`| ae||dr ni sgrlx hfe`cdl
|fdnr ade`n`c ex kg`c ex |fd nldgkgc~ sex `g| eiidh|dl N| lnl`| ae||dr |fd zer|~ zdrae`d`|k~
hfe`cdl |fd |dazgrek dynld`hdx+ ekk |fe| sex e| x|eod sex |g aen`|en` |fd zgsdr Zdgzkd fel |g
hgazk~ |g |fd xehrdl xhnd`hd e`l bdkndyd+ dyd` ni |fd~ o`ds n| sex`| rdek+ |fe| \sg zktx |sg
aeod inyd Lgtbkd|fn o zrd|d`ldl |fe| ~gt xfgtkl rdadabdr sfe| |g xe~ n` zer|nhtker hnrhtax|e`hdx
grldrdl b~ |fd zer|~+ |fe| nx |g t||dr sgrlx+ |fe| igr |fgxd bgr` bdigrd |fd Rdygkt|ng` sdrd
gbyngtxk~ hg`|rer~ |g sfe| |fd~ o`ds+ n| ade`| |g |dkk kndx \fd aen` zrg|ecg`nx|+ Sn`x|g` knydx
xthf e hg`itxng`=
Fgs he` ~gt |dkk fgs athf gi n| sex kndx7 N| ancf| bd |rtd |fe| |fd eydrecd ftae` bdn`c
sex bd||dr gii `gs |fe` fd fel bdd` bdigrd |fd Rdygkt|ng` &. Knid+ ni ~gt kggodl ebgt| ~gt+
bgrd `g rdxdabke`hd `g| g`k~ |g |fd kndx x|rdeadl gt| gi |fd |dkdxhrdd`x+ bt| dyd` |g |fd nldekx
|fe| |fd Zer|~ sex |r~n`c |g ehfndyd &Grsdkk 5>68+ 369.
Lgtbkd|fn o xtzzgxdl |g rdehf xthf e se~ gi |fn`on`c |fe| ~gt xfgtkl hg`xhngtxk~ ehhdz|
e`l bdk ndyd |fd knd &ld`~n`c |fd gbmdh|nyd rdekn|~. e`l sfd` `g| `dhdxxer~+ |g igrcd| n|? |fd`+
sfd` `ddldl ecen` |g lres n| beho irga gbknyng` mtx| ex kg`c ex n| nx `dhdxxer~+ xg ex |g igrcd|
n| ecen`+ fg`dx|k~ hg`yn`hdl |fe| ~gt feyd `dydr t||drdl n| bdigrd \fd Zer|~ `eadl |fnx zrghdxx
hg`xhngtx ldhdz|ng` &Grsdkk 5>68+ 694. Lgtbkd|fn`o nx zreh|nhekk~ |fd |g|ekn|erne` ade`x gi
ldhdnyn`c+ gi hg`itxn`c ~gt xg ex `g| |g o`gs sfe| nx rncf| e`l sfe| nx srg`c+ mtx| |g ehhdz| |fd
rdekn|~ xzkn||n`c b~ |fd nldgkgc~
G` |fnx ae||dr+ Grsdkkx hg`hdr` nx t`ldrx|e`lebkd sfd`+ n` \fd Zrdyd`|ng` gi Kn|dre|trd
fd aeodx e ser`n`c ebgt| |fd lnxfg`dx|~ gi |fd yerngtx eldz|x gi |fd |g|ekn|erne` ynds=
\g|ekn|erne`nxa ldae`lx+ n` ieh|+ |fd hg`|n`tgtx ek|dre|ng` gi |fd zex|+ e`l n` |fd kg`c rt`
zrgbebk~ ldae`lx e lnxbdkndi n` |fd ydr~ dvnx|d`hd gi gbmdh|nyd |rt|f \fd irnd`lx gi
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|g|ekn|erne`nxa &. txtekk~ |d`l |g erctd |fe| xn`hd ebxgkt|d |rt|f nx `g| e||en`ebkd+ e bnc knd nx `g
sgrxd |fe` e kn||kd knd &Grsdkk 2::5+ 86>8+ 36.
Lgtbkd|fn o rdzrdxd`|x+ n` ieh|+ |fd bdkndi n` |fd grln`er~ f~zghrnx~ Ni n` E`naek Iera
|fd |g|ekn|erne` x~x|da sex n`hnznd`| e`l |fd bdkndi n` |fd rdhgaad`ldl knd sex e| n|x
bdcn``n`c+ n` |fd l~x|gzne` sgrkl gi @n`d|dd` Dncf|~!Igtr+ f~zghrnx~ |tr`dl n`|g e xn`nx|dr se~
gi |fn`on`c? k~n`c |g ~gtrxdki e`l k~n`c |fd g|fdrx ade`| |fe| ~gt sdrd nldgkgcnhekk~ rncf|
Bdhetxd fd knydl n` e |nad sfd` |fd n`lnynltek irdd |fgtcf| sex d`le`cdrdl b~ |fd
|g|ekn|erne` sgrklynds+ &e ynds |fe| fd t`ldrx|ggl n| |d`ldl |g xzgnk |fd cd`tn`d xghneknxa.+
Grsdkk lnrdh|dl fnx e||d`|ng` |gserlx |fd zrgbkdax |fe| zgkn|nhek nldgkgcndx hgtkl ld|dran`d+ sn|frdxzdh| |g irddlga gi xzddhf Fd iderdl |fd Rtxxne` xghneknxa+ n` n|x lnh|e|grnek exzdh|+ hgtkl
xzrdel n` g|fdr hgt`|rndx |fe| fel e` gkl knbdrek |reln|ng`+ |fd se~ Brn|en` fel Fd dvzrdxxdl fnx
hg`hdr` ebgt| bdn`c nldgkgcnhekk~ rncf|+ e ad`|ek eh| |fe| ldin`n|dk~ ade`| lgtbkd|fn`o =
E |g|ekn|erne` xghnd|~ sfnhf xthhddldl n` zdrzd|te|n`c n|xdki sgtkl zrgbebk~ xd| tz e
xhfn}gzfrd`nh x~x|da gi |fgtcf|+ n` sfnhf |fd kesx gi hgaag` xd`xd fdkl cggl n` dydr~le~ knid
e`l n` hdr|en` dveh| xhnd`hdx+ bt| hgtkl bd lnxrdcerldl b~ |fd zgkn|nhne`+ |fd fnx|grne`+ e`l |fd
xghngkgcnx| Ekrdel~ |fdrd erd hgt`|kdxx zdgzkd sfg sgtkl |fn`o n| xhe`lekgtx |g iekxni~ e
xhnd`|ninh |dv|bggo+ bt| sgtkl xdd `g|fn`c srg`c n` iekxni~n`c e fnx|grnhek ieh| N| nx e| |fd zgn`|
sfdrd kn|dre|trd e`l zgkn|nhx hrgxx |fe| |g|ekn|erne`nxa dvdr|x n|x crde|dx| zrdxxtrd g` |fd
n`|dkkdh|tek &\fd Zrdyd`|ng` gi Kn|dre|trd + n` Grsdkk e`l Zgkn|nhx+ 2::5+ 86
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Bdhetxd gi |fd gbyngtx e`|n!hgaat`nxa n` @n`d|dd` Dncf|~!Igtr + |fd bggo sex e crde|
xthhdxx n` |fd TXE sfdrd AhHer|f~nxa fel mtx| rderdl n|x fdel N| sex gydrkggodl+ fgsdydr+
|fe| Grsdkk n` |fd bggo xe~x |fe| ekk nldgkgcndx n` |fd anl!|sd`|nd|f hd`|tr~ sdrd et|fgrn|erne`
Bdhetxd @n`d|dd` Dncf|~!Igtr sex anxn`|drzrd|dl e`l n` xgad hexdx anxtxdl+ Grsdkk dvzken`dl
fnx x|e`lzgn`| n` 5>=
A~ rdhd`| `gydk nx @G\ n`|d`ldl ex e` e||eho g` Xghneknxa gr g` |fd Brn|nxf Kebgtr
Zer|~ &gi sfnhf N ea e xtzzgr|dr. bt| ex e xfgs!tz gi |fd zdrydrxng`x |g sfnhf e hd`|rekn}dl
dhg`ga~ nx knebkd e`l sfnhf feyd ekrdel~ bdd` zer|k~ rdekn}dl n` hgaat`nxa e`l Iexhnxa
N lg `g| bdkndyd |fe| |fd on`l gi xghnd|~ N ldxhrnbd `dhdxxernk~ snkk errnyd+ bt| N bdkndyd
&ekkgsn`c gi hgtrxd igr |fd ieh| |fe| |fd bggo nx e xe|nrd. |fe| xgad|fn`c rdxdabkn`c n| hgtkl errnyd
N bdkndyd ekxg |fe| |g|ekn|erne` nldex feyd |eod` rgg| n` |fd an`lx gi n`|dkkdh|tekx dydr~sfdrd+ e`l Nfeyd |rndl |g lres |fdxd nldex gt| |g |fdnr kgcnhek hg`xdutd`hdx
\fd xhd`d gi |fd bggo nx kenl n` Brn|en` n` grldr |g dazfexn}d |fe| |fd D`cknxf xzdeon`c
rehdx erd `g| n``e|dk~ bd||dr |fe` e`~g`d dkxd e`l |fe| |g|ekn|erne`nxa+ ni g| igtcf| ecen`x| + hgtkl
|rntazf e`~sfdrd &Grsdkk 2::5+ 4::.
HFEZ\DR 6
\fnx x|ecd snkk igrdcrgt`l |fd igraek ide|trdx n` |fd ebgyd |dv| \fdxd igraek ide|trdx
snkk bd dvzken`dl n` |drax gi |fd |frdd |~zdx gi igraek yektdx lnxhtxxdl n` hfez|dr 5+ xdh|ng`
5 2 8 4 ? |fdxd yektdx erd dvzdrnd`|nek+ rdke|ng`ek+ e`l dvzrdxxnyd |fe| ld|dran`d |fd hgrrdxzg`ld`|
diidh|x n` |fd |dv|+ rdke|dl |g o`gskdlcd e`l bdkndix+ xghnek rdke|ng`x+ e`l xghnek nld`|n|ndx+
rdxzdh|nydk~
N` |drax gi rdke|ng`ek yektdx gi |fd |dv|tek ide|trdx+ n` |fd |dv| ebgyd |fdrd he` bd `g|nhdl
|fd aerodl zrdxd`hd gi |fd zdrxg`ek zrg`gt`x ~gt+ e`l sd+ sn|f |fdnr elln|ng`ek
hgrrdxzg`ld`|x ~gtr+ tx+ gtr Gbyngtxk~ xn`hd |fnx |dv| nx e lnxhgtrxd |fe| |ekox ebgt| hkexx
x|rtcckd bd|sdd` |fd zrgkd|erne| e`l |fd bgtrcdgnxnd+ |fd txd gi igraek ide|trdx snkk rdydek |fdxd
hg`iknh|tek rdke|ng`x Xg |fd txd gi |fd zrg`gt` ~gt fex e` e`|n|fd|nhek yektd? ~gt nx |fd
igraek rdzrdxd`|e|nyd gi |fd bgtrcdgnxnd+ e htd |fe| fex e` dvhktxnyd yektd+ ade`n`c |fe| |fdhezn|eknx|x erd |fd |rtd d`dandx gi |fd zrgkd|erne| \fd inrx| zdrxg` zrg`gt` sd fex e` n`hktxnyd
yektd \fd xzdeodr nld`|nindx fnaxdki sn|f |fd zdgzkd igr sfga fd zkdelx \fd ezzdek |g |fd
lnrdh| gzzg`d`| ! ~gt n` ellrdxxn`c g`dx n`|drkght|gr nx agrd lnrdh| |fe` |fd txd gi+ xe~ |fd 8 rl
zdrxg` zrg`gt` xn`ctker gr zktrek x'fd gr |fd~+ ex n` x'fd xe~x+ |fd~ ldhkerd+ sfnhf nx e
athf ier ese~ rdidrd`| |fe` ~gt Rdidrrn`c |g a~ lnrdh| gzzg`d`| sn|f ~gt e`l `g| sn|f e
lnx|e`| |fd~ gr x'fd+ brn`cx a~ elydrxer~ n` |fd irg`| gi |fd be||kdindkl+ g` |fd ydr~ xhd`d gi
mtlcdad`|+ |fd mtlcdad`| gi |fd zdgzkd \fd xead yektd fex |fd zrg`gt` sd &sn|f fnx
hgrrdxzg`ld`| tx.+ sfnhf nx e` n`hktxnyd sd + ade`n`c |fe| |fd zer|~ e`l |fd zdgzkd erd e
xn`ckd bgl~+ |fd~ feyd |fd xead ztrzgxd
E`g|fdr nazgr|e`| exzdh| gi |fd rdke|ng`ek yektdx n` |fnx |dv| rdxnldx n` |fd txd gi zrdxd`|
|d`xd xnazkd \fdrd nx `g g|fdr |d`xd gydr| n` |fd |dv| \fnx xfgsx |fd dvzrdxxnyd yektd gi |fd
|dv|+ sfnhf nazkndx he|dcgrnhek et|fgrn|~+ sfdrd |fd it`h|ng` gi xnazkd zrdxd`| |d`xd nx |fe| gi
cd`drnh it`h|ng`+ |fe| dx|ebknxfdx e |rt|f nazgxxnbkd |g ld`~
\fd kex| zerecrezf n` |fnx |dv| hg`|en`x e aglek ydrb atx|+ txdl |snhd \fd txd gi aglekn|~ + nazkndx rdke|ng`ek ade`n`c gi gbknce|ng`+ e`l |fd dvzrdxxnyd aglekn|~ gi he|dcgrnhek
|rt|f dvzrdxxdl b~ |fd zrdxd`| |d`xd= ~gt atx| hg`idxx+ e`l |fnx zdrxg` atx| bd xsdz|
gt| \fd et|fgrn|e|nyd e`l he|dcgrnhek |g`d nx ekxg ynxnb kd n` |fd ide|trd gi |fd lnrdh| xzddhf
eh|x = ~gt rdzrgehf+ ~gt xe~ |fe|+ ~gt ade` \fnx |g`d nx eazknindl b~ |fd ldhkere|nyd
ydrbx xe~+ rdzrgehf+ ade`+ n` |fd xnazkd zrdxd`|+ ex ni |fd gzzg`d`| sgtkl ekse~x hgazken`+
ex ni rdzrgehfn`c sgtkl bd e` txtek exzdh| gi |fd elydrxer~ \fnx lnrdh|nyd`dxx gi |fd xzddhf
eh| xtccdx|x e x|rg`c e`l igrdcrgt`ldl zgxn|ng` gi |fd xzdeodr+ lgan`e`| |frgtcf fnx nldgkgc~+ e zgxn|ng` sfnhf rdydekx n|xdki irga |fd `e|trd gi |fd rdke|ng`ek yektd gi igraek ide|t rdx \fd
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nazknhe|ng`x gi |fd nldgkgcnhek txd gi ke`ctecd nx ekxg gbyngtx irga |fd nazdre|nyd aglekn|~ n`
|fd txd gi atx| ! |fd et|fgrn|~ gi |fd xzdeodr nx `g| |g bd lgtb|dl
\fdrd erd xgad g|fdr sgrlx |fe| feyd e` nazknhn| |d`ld`h~ |g x|rtcckd \fd zfrexek ydrb
|g lg ese~ sn|f nx rdzde|dlk~ txdl n` |fnx |dv| igtr |nadx+ e`l g`k~ n` |fd d`l gi |fd zerecrezfsnkk rdydek n|x rdek ade`n`c= |fd xzdeodr hfggxdx |g t`aexo fnx n`|d`|ng`+ |fe| nx |g dknan`e|d fnx
gzzg`d`|+ `g| b~ lnrdh|k~ dvzrdxxn`c n|+ bt| b~ |fd hfggxn`c fnlld` ade`n`c= n` |fd d`l fd x|e|dx
|fe| |fd gzzg`d`| atx| bd xsdz| gt| e`l aeld nazgxxnbkd N| nx hkder |fe| |fd rdke|ng`x
bd|sdd` igraek ide|trdx erd xg hg``dh|dl b~ ade`x gi nldgkgc~+ xg |fe| n| ae~ rd`ldr e
hg`iknh|tek xghnek rdke|ng` \fd `dv| x|ecd snkk cnyd e brgeldr n`|drzrd|e|ng` gi |fd |~zd gi
lnxhgtrxd |fe| \fd Hgaat`nx| Ae`nidx|g bdkg`cx |g+ ex sdkk ex |fd dvzke`e|ng` gi |fd diidh|x n|
fex n` |fd xghnek hg`|dv|N`|drzrd|e|ng`
\fd n`|drzrd|e|ng` gi |fd ebgyd |dv| snkk gzdre|d sn|f |fd xn|te|ng`ek hg`|dv| b~ sfnhf
sd t`ldrx|e`l |fd eh|nyn|~ |~zd n`fdrd`| n` lnxhgtrxd+ e`l sn|f |fd n`|dr|dv|tek hg`|dv| b~
sfnhf sd t`ldrx|e`l |fd it`h|ng` gi |fd xzdeodrx &e`l fderdrx. zrdyngtx &n`|dr|dv|tek.
dvzdrnd`hd \fd eh|nyn|~ |~zd gi |fd zrdxd`| zndhd gi lnxhgtrxd+ fex |fd igra gi zgkn|nhek ae`nidx|+
|fe| cnydx n| e ltek xghnd|ek x|e|tx= n` zgkn|nhx e`l n` xghnd|~ N` |fd zndhd gi lnxhgtrxd+ ebgyd |fd
xghnek x|e|tx gi |fd fderdr nx ldin`n|dk~ lniidrd`| |fe| gi |fd zdgzkd igr sfnhf fd zkdelx Ek|fgtcf
fd lgdx `g| ellrdxx lnrdh|k~ |g |fd zrgkd|erne`x+ |fd snld rdhgc`n|ng` gi fnx et|fgrn|~ nx ie|fdrk~
knod+ |fe| xzdeox igr fnx xg`+ xg |fd aen` rdexg` igr |fd zrglth|ng` gi |fnx lnxhgtrxd &|fd
zrgkd|erne|. ae~ `g| bd zrdxd`| xn`hd |fd et|fgrn|~ snkk xzdeo igr n| \fdrdigrd+ |fd zgkn|nhek
ae`nidx| eh|x knod e ydfnhkd igr zgsdr \fd n`|dr|dv|tek hg`|dv| rdidrx |g bg|f |fd xzdeodrx e`l
|fd ellrdxxddx behocrgt`l exxtaz|ng`x+ sfnhf n` |fd |dv| ebgyd erd dvzknhn| |frgtcf |fd ynxnbkd
|rehdx gi x|rtcckd |fe| n` |fnx zer|nhtker |dv| erd nldgkgcnhek hrde|dl
N` Aervx lnxhgtrxd |fdrd erd kn`ctnx|nh |rehdx |g n`|drzrd| n| ex nldgkgcnhekk~ xfezdl Fnx
lnxhgtrxd gi hkexx x|rtcckd fex bdd` |eod` igr cre`|dl b~ zgkn|nhne`x e`l kn`ctnx|x+ dydr xn`hd |g
|fd zrdxd`| le~+ dvzgt`ln`c n` e agrd hgazkdv zreh|nhd gi lnxhgtrxd ex zgsdr ld|dran`dl
Ienrhkgtcfx kn`ctnx|nh ezzrgehf nx rgg|dl n` |fd Aervnx| |fdxnx gi xghnek x|rtcckd igr
zgsdr Ex N feyd ekrdel~ zrgydl+ Aervnx| lnxhgtrxd nx nldgkgcnhek+ hg`x|e`|k~ cd`dre|n`c hfe`cd
n` |fd xghnek x|rth|trdx+ sfnhf zrgydx |g bd seydrn`c e`l `g`!hg`x|e`| \fdrdigrd+ |fnx |~zd gi
lnxhgtrxd nx t`rdknebkd e`l n`hg`xnx|d`|
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< 2 HLE ezzkndl |g HLE
\fd `dv| zndhd gi lnxhgtrxd nx zer| gi Ienrhkgtcfx |fdgr~ n|xdki N| nx e | dv| irga fnx bggo
Ke`ctecd e`l Zgsdr + e`l n|x e`ek~xnx n`|d`lx |g zrgyd |fe| HLE nx e relnhek |fdgr~ e`l kdeydx
rgga igr kgcnhek hg`|relnh|ng`x \fd x|er|n`c zgn`| n` Ienrhkgtcfx |fdgr~ nx |fe| kn`ctnx|nh
hg`yd`|ng`x erd hfereh|drn}dl b~ lnydrxn|~+ e`l zgsdr x|rtcckd \fdrdigrd hg`yd`|ng`x erd
fd|drgcd`dgtx? |fe| nx+ dydr~ lnxhgtrxd |~zd fex n|x gs` nldgkgcnhek exxtaz|ng`x Bt|+ fd nx gi
gzn`ng` |fe| fgagcd`dn|~ he` bd ehfndydl n` lnxhgtrxdx+ bdn`c nazgxdl b~ |fgxd fgs feyd
zgsdr Xg+ fd elan|x |fe| xg hnek rdke|ng`x erd hfereh|drn}dl b~ zgsdr+ sfnhf ae`nidx|x agx|k~
b~ ade`x gi kn`ctnx|nh hg`yd`|ng`x+ e`l sfnhf nx fdkl b~ e`~ zdrxg` gr xghnek crgtzn`c bdhetxd
zgsdr he` bd sg` e`l dvdrhnxdl g`k~ n` e`l |rgtcf xghnek x|rtcckdx &Ienrhkgtcf 5>6>+ 6>+ 3:.+ sd ae~
rdehf e kgcnhek zrdanxd |fe| he` bd x|e|dl ex xthf= e`~ lnxhgtrxd fex n|x gs` nldgkgc~ Nldgkgcndx
dabdl x|rtcckdx igr zgsdr \fdrdigrd+ e`~ lnxhgtrxd dvzrdxxdx e`l ld|dran`dx zgsdr x|rtcckd
Sn|f |fnx hg`hktxng`+ |fd igkkgsn`c zrghdltrd sgtkl bd |g zrgyd |fe| ni e`~ lnxhgtrxd ade`x
xghnek lgan`e|ng` e`l zgsdr x|rtcckd+ |fnx s gtkl nazk~ |fe| dyd` Ienrhkgtcfx |fdgr~ dvzrdxxdx
e` gzzrdxxnyd |d`ld`h~ n` |fd xhgzd gi kn`ctnx|nhx e`l n` |fd xghnek hg`|dv|
\fd zndhd gi |dv| |fe| snkk bd e`ek~xdl nx irga |fd bdcn``n`c gi Ienrhkgtcfx bggo+
hfez|dr 5+ sfdrd fd x|e|dx fnx |fdgrd|nhek enax
\fnx bggo nx ebgt| ke`ctecd e`l zgsdr+ gr agrd zrdhnxdk~ ebgt| hg``dh|ng`x bd|sdd`
ke`ctecd txd e`l t`dutek rdke|ng`x gi zgsdr &. N feyd srn||d` n| igr |sg aen` ztrzgxdx \fd
inrx| nx agrd |fdgrd|nhek= |g fdkz hgrrdh| e snldxzrdel t`ldrdx|nae|ng` gi |fd xnc`ninhe`hd gi
ke`ctecd n` |fd zrglth|ng`+ aen`|d`e`hd+ e`l hfe`cd gi xghnek rdke|ng`x gi zgsdr \fd xdhg`l nx
agrd zreh|nhek= |g fdkz n`hrdexd hg`xhngtx`dxx gi fgs ke`ctecd hg`|rnbt|dx |g |fd lgan`e|ng` gi
xgad zdgzkd b~ g|fdrx+ bdhetxd hg`xhngtx`dxx nx |fd inrx| x|dz |gserlx dae`hnze|ng` &Ienrhkgtcf
5>6>+ 5.
Ldxhrnz|ng`
E| |fd kdydk gi yghebtker~+ |fdrd he` bd `g|nhdl sgrlx sn|f dvzdrnd`|nek yektdx+
dvzrdxxn`c |fd bdkndix gi |fd srn|dr \fdxd bdkndix erd txdl n` |fnx |dv| sn|f nazknhn| ade`n`cx
\fd ydr~ bdcn``n`c gi |fd inrx| xd`|d`hd |fnx bggo nx ebgt| ke`ctecd e`l zgsdr+ zkehdx |fd
7/21/2019 Relative Versus Absolute Values (Teza licenta Limbi Straine, 2003)
72/82
32
|drax ke`ctecd e`l zgsdr n` |fd xead kghtx+ e| |fd xead kdydk gi ldbe|d+ nazk~n`c e hdr|en`
hg``dh|ng` bd|sdd` |fdxd |sg `g|ng`x \fnx nlde nx aeld gydr| n` |fd xdhg`l zer| gi |fd xd`|d`hd
n`|rglthdl b~ ade`x gi elydrbnek aglekn|~ zrdhnxdk~ E| |fd creaaer kdydk+ |fd dvzdrnd`|nek
yektdx erd `g|nhdl n` |fd aerodl txd gi `gan`ekn}e|ng`x + xthf ex= zrglth|ng`+ aen`|d`e`hd+
hfe`cd+ hg`xhngtx`dxx+ dae`hnze|ng`+ lgan`e|ng` @gan`ekn}e|ng` fex |fd zrgzdr|~ |g
eygnl |fd xzdhninhe|ng` gi |fd ecd`|= sfg lgdx ekk |fdxd eh|ng`x7 \fd zfrexd |g fdkz hgrrdh| e
snldxzrdel t`ldrdx|nae|ng` gi |fd xnc`ninhe`hd gi ke`ctecd n` |fd zrglth|ng`+ aen`|d`e`hd+ e`l
hfe`c d gi xghnek rdke|ng`x gi zgsdr hg`|en`x inyd `gan`ek |drax+ e`l |sg ydrbx n` |fd n`in`n|nyd
agld \fd hg`x|rth|ng` kehox dyd`|+ e`l |fd zer|nhnzkd snldxzrdel dvzrdxxdx t`hkder ecd`h~
\fd sfgkd zndhd gi |dv| hg`|