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SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 13.0

Release Information

October 2016 1/31

Release Information – PSS®SINCAL Platform 13.0

This document describes the most important enhancements and changes to the new program version. See

the product manuals for a more detailed description.

1 General Remarks 2

1.1 Licensing 2

1.2 System Requirements 2

2 PSS®SINCAL 3

2.1 User Interface 3

2.2 Electrical Networks 7

3 PSS®NETOMAC 20

3.1 User Interface 20

3.2 Calculation Methods 22


Release Information

October 2016 2/31

1 General Remarks

1.1 Licensing

To operate the PSS SINCAL Platform 13.0, new license files are required. Once the program is

installed, these can be requested at the PSS SINCAL Platform Support (phone +43 699 12364435,

email [email protected]).

1.2 System Requirements

The following hardware and software requirements include the minimum requirements needed to

operate an application of the PSS SINCAL Platform 13.0.

Recommended Hardware

PC or notebook

CPU: >= 2 GHz (MultiCore)

RAM: 8 GB

Hard disk: >= 20 GB

Graphics card: >= 1920 x 1200, True Color

Mouse: 3 buttons (wheel mouse)

Operating Systems Supported

Windows 7 (x86 & x64)


Windows 8.1 (x86 & x64)


Windows Server 2008 R2 (x64)

Windows Server 2012 R2 (x64)

Database Systems Supported

Microsoft Access

Oracle 9i

Oracle 10g

Oracle 11g

SQL Server 2008, SQL Server Express 2008

SQL Server 2008 R2, SQL Server Express 2008 R2



mailto:[email protected]


Release Information

October 2016 3/31

2 PSS®SINCAL

2.1 User Interface

Enhanced Functions for Background Maps

The following providers for background maps were previously available in PSS SINCAL: Bing Maps,

Cloudmade and MapQuest. Bing Maps and Cloudmade are chargeable services. MapQuest was a

free service which changed its conditions of use in July 2016. The service can now only be used on

payment of a fee and the tile interface required by PSS SINCAL for background maps is no longer

offered.

To retain the possibility of the free use of background maps in PSS SINCAL the following new

provider is now supported:

MapBox www.mapbox.com

MapBox offers the tile interface required by PSS SINCAL and allows free useage. However, there is

a limit to tiles that can be downloaded free of charge each month. If required, a key can be

purchased which then permits a large volume of tile downloads. By combining free availability with

the option to use the service under commercial terms, this provider is optimally suited for use in

PSS SINCAL.

In addition to MapBox, another new "generic" provider is available which is mainly controlled by the

same OpenStreetMap API. This API is used by different map implementations/providers that are all

based on OSM map data. The generic provider is designed to enable users to use suitable servers

themselves for the provision of tile background maps. The parameter setting of the generic provider

is also very flexibly designed in order to enable adaption to the user's server infrastructure.

The parameter setting of the provider's background maps is carried out as before in the options

dialog box in the Background Maps tab. However, some changes were made here in order to

further improve the usability of background maps.

The global parameter settings of the different providers are carried out as before in the options dialog

box. It is now possible that – individually for each view – the provider and the display style of the

http://www.mapbox.com/


Release Information

October 2016 4/31

background map can be selected. The appropriate configuration is done in the Background Map

dialog box.

Polar Diagram in the Data Screen Forms

Complex variables (e.g. for protection and short circuit results) can be visualized in diagram form in

the data screen forms. New polar diagrams are also now available, in which current and voltage are

shown at the same time. This allows to better assess the phase shift between the two variables.

The previous display functions in normal Cartesian diagrams are likewise still available.


Release Information

October 2016 5/31

Enhanced Line Data in Electrical Networks

The network planning tool to determine line data has a new display option for impedance: Z and phi.

Improved Editing Functions for Protection Coordination

The protection zone can be defined and assigned in a special dialog box via the pop-up menu of the

protection devices. This dialog box now allows the selection of all devices assigned in the protection

zone in the network graphic, or the devices can be edited simultaneously in the protection device

dialog box.

Functionality in the protection device dialog box was also improved. The dialog box now saves the

last page. This page is restored the next time the dialog box is opened. In other words, if the DIFF

setting values are viewed for a protection device, precisely this page is displayed the next time the

dialog box is opened.

Also new is the possibility to display and also edit the setting parameters for DI, DIFF and OC

protection devices directly in the Tabular view.


Release Information

October 2016 6/31

The speed when opening the diagram view is improved. With large networks containing many

protection devices, a large number of diagrams are automatically generated to visualize the setting

values of the protection devices. With these networks the opening of the diagram view could

previously take some seconds. This delay could largely be dropped through a new implementation.

Legend for ISO Areas

When creating ISO areas, it is now possible to generate a legend if required. This allows showing the

range for the color-coding as numerical values.

The creation of a legend can be activated via the Visualization Settings dialog box.

The legend is generated together with the ISO area in the form of a supplementary graphics object in

the graphics view. The legend can be positioned as required in the network graphic and also

adjusted (layers, visibility, text size and font).


Release Information

October 2016 7/31

Improved Response Time of the User Interface

The response time of the user interface for actions, such as the deletion of many network elements

or the storage of the full network after extensive changes, has been improved. For this the

implementation was changed to execute these tasks in a background thread.

2.2 Electrical Networks

New VDE 0102/2016 – IEC 909/2016

The new standard VDE 0102/2016 – IEC 909/2016 for the calculation of short circuits in three-phase

networks is provided in PSS SINCAL. The standard contains special calculation requirements for

supply sources via inverters (converters) and is therefore important for networks containing DER

(Distributed Energy Resources) like Wind of PV. The SC result of the new standard is essentially the

sum of a calculation with synchronous/asynchronous machines without including the supply sources

via inverters and a calculation without synchronous/asynchronous machines with including the supply

sources via inverters.

The calculation based on the new standard can be activated in Calculation Settings in the Short

Circuit tab.

To simulate inverters (converters), the input data are extended for asynchronous machines,

synchronous machines, power station blocks, DC feeders, DC lines and DC converters.


Release Information

October 2016 8/31

The activation of the Converter option enables the special modeling of converter supply sources

according to IEC 60 909/VDE 2016. The fields provided are used to define the maximum effective

values of the supply current for the different types of faults.

The results for all short circuit methods (3-phase, 2-phase and 1-phase) are also extended as

part of the integration of the new standard. The starting values of Sk" and Ik" with and without

converter are now available.

New Protection Analysis

The protection analysis enables the check of the correctness of the setting values of protection

devices automatically for the entire network or a selected network area. The protection analysis

checks the clearing of faults in the first zone of the protection devices. The network is split into

protection routes, starting with the selected protection devices.

The above network has the following network areas and protection routes:

Network area 1 for protection device at Line L1:

Protection route Line L1


Protection route Line L2


Protection route Line L3 and Line L4

L1 L2

L3 L4

L5


Release Information

October 2016 9/31

Protection route Line L3 and Line L5

Each of these protection routes is simulated with a short circuit sweep with a step width that can be

defined by the user. The following picture shows the principle. The distance for the division here is

20 %. This therefore splits the route six times, at the beginning at 1 %, at the end at 99 % and at

every 20 % point in between.

For each fault location a check is made whether the fault can be cleared correctly. The results of the

protection analysis are shown in color in tabular form in the result view of the protection analysis.

This documents whether a selective clearing is possible, whether there is a protection overfunction or

underfunction or whether clearing is not possible at all. The result table enables the assessment of

the setting of the protection devices very simply and clearly.

In the Settings section the view contains the most important parameters that were set in the control

dialog box at the start of the protection analysis. The Check Area has a special function to which a

hyperlink is assigned. By clicking, all those network elements in the graphics editor are selected that

were considered in the protection analysis.

The Results section shows the results of the protection analysis. This is displayed in tabular form

with a simple color-coding. Each line in the table visualizes a protection route that was checked.

The first column of the table contains information about the protection area. In the two other columns,

the protection device at the start of the route and the one at the end of the route is shown.

The check points are accordingly visualized along the protection route. The color indicates the result

L3 L4

1 % 99 % 20 % 60 % 80 % 40 %


Release Information

October 2016 10/31

of the protection analysis:

Selective – all protection devices selective, fault was cleared

Not Cleared

Overfunction – overall selectivity, but at least one protection device not selective, therefore trips although it should not trip

Underfunction – not selective, apart from 1 selective

The very simple display form, which only shows the essential information, allows the correct

operation of the protection in large networks to be clearly assessed.

Enhanced functions are provided via the pop-up menu, which is opened by clicking the right mouse

button in the results table.

The Details function enables the results for a calculated fault location on the protection route to be

clearly displayed in the screen form.

The Select in Graphics and Select in Tabular View functions enable the network elements of a

protection route to be selected. If this function is activated in the area field, the network elements of

the entire area are selected.

The Calculate function enables a protection coordination for a fault on the protection route to be

recalculated. A temporary fault observation on the protection route is generated in the network

graphic and the calculation of the protection coordination is carried out. The pickup and tripping

behavior of the protection devices can thus be examined in detail.

The Create Fault Observation function generates a permanent fault observation for a selected fault

location on the protection route. This is useful if detailed analyses have to be carried out frequently at

a fault location.

New Functionality in the Protection Coordination

The protection coordination now also provides a Recloser. This has an instantaneous tripping and

switches directly. Opening and closing (Reclosing) is currently not supported.

The individual definition of Ground Impedance Factors is available for the pickup definition of

ground impedance.


Release Information

October 2016 11/31

The factors for ground impedance are needed to determine positive-phase-sequence impedance at

faults touching the ground, since PSS SINCAL only registers the entire loop impedance when there

is a fault. PSS SINCAL uses the factors for ground impedance to convert this into the positive-phase-

sequence impedance.

Improved Protection Documentation

At the protection device location the Additional Data tab provides a new text field with variable

length for entering any comments. The entered data is saved in the ProtLocation table in the TextVal

field and can thus also be used simply for storing information for subsequent and further processing.

A tolerance band for the current is provided for the characteristic curve of OC protection devices.

The tolerance is entered in the Additional Data tab for the OC protection devices.


Release Information

October 2016 12/31

The tolerance band is shown in the diagrams of the protection coordination and the protection

documentation. The display of the tolerance band in the diagram can be activated individually via the

Show Data dialog box.

A further enhancement has been provided for the Grading Diagrams Z/t and X/t of the

determination of settings. The non-directional current pickup is also shown in the reverse direction

and the legend now also contains the time of directional and non-directional current pickup.


Release Information

October 2016 13/31

Improved Performance for Fault Detection

To get a high fault detection accuracy in networks with long lines, many short circuits previously had

to be calculated in order to determine the fault location precisely. For example, 1000 calculations

were necessary for a 10 km line and a fault detection accuracy of 10 m. Depending on the size of the

network, this led to high calculation times.

To improve performance, lines are no longer split into equidistant sections as for location accuracy,

but only up to a maximum of 25 sections. Assuming that the impedance is linear within the 4 percent

long sections of the line, the position of the fault can also be determined on these sections with a

linear interpolation. This needs considerably fewer short circuit calculations and the fault location can

be determined several times faster.

Contingency Analysis with Resupply

The contingency analysis provided in PSS SINCAL is suitable for all types of network (high-voltage,

medium-voltage and low-voltage).

High-voltage networks are designed to ensure that operation is possible in single failure conditions

(n-1), i.e. even with a single malfunction it must be ensured that all consumers are supplied. The

resupply is therefore not really relevant for these networks.

Medium and low-voltage networks are not operated under single failure conditions (n-1). However,

these networks mostly have the option of being supplied via adjacent network areas. In other words,

switching operations (resupply) can normally ensure that all consumers are supplied. The really

critical malfunctions then are where consumers are still undersupplied after the resupply.

PSS SINCAL previously only allowed for n-1 operation and the resulting malfunctions. An automatic

resupply in the event of a malfunction, as requested by many users, was not provided. This

functionality has now been implemented. The resupply function contained in the load flow algorithm

can also be activated in the contingency analysis. A new option and a dialog box for setting

parameters for this have been provided in the Contingency Analysis control dialog box.

Enhanced Load Profile Calculation

Previously the Load profile calculation stopped after a non convergent load flow occurred and

the results were provided only up to the time of interruption. This behavior, however, is not desirable

for specific network analyses. The load flow calculation is therefore also continued for non-

convergent load flows until the defined calculation duration is reached. No results are then provided

for those times at which the load flow has not converged.


Release Information

October 2016 14/31

If activated as an option in the calculation settings, the Determination of the Nodal Transmission

Loss Factors (NTLF) is now carried out for all nodes during the load flow calculation.

Another new function in the load flow calculation is the Consideration of date dependent operating

states for equipment. In other words, the establishment and shutdown times are also used in the

load profile calculation to determine whether equipment is available. To minimize the additional

calculation effort required, a network analysis is carried before the actual load curve calculation

without including any date or time information. After this network analysis, the maximum possible

elements for the calculation are determined. These elements are then initialized and a network

analysis is carried out in the load profile calculation with the relevant date and time information for

each time step, in order to determine the currently active elements.

Another new feature in the load profile calculation, which was requested by many users, are the

Profiles and Operating Points for Control Settings.

These data are included for two and three-winding transformers as well as for shunt reactors and

shunt capacitors. This enables the tap position setting to be defined precisely for each calculation

time if required.

It is also possible to define the tap position for different operating points. These data are then

included in the operating point calculation.

Enhanced High Pass Model for Harmonics Calculation

A Damping Inductance Ld (positive-phase sequence and zero-phase sequence) was added to the

R high pass. The damping branch then contains a series connection of R and L. The PSS SINCAL

harmonics calculation always determines the impedance with a constant damping inductance.


Release Information

October 2016 15/31

Vnet … Voltage level on the network side [kV]

R … Internal resistance of high pass R [Ohm]

L … Inductance of high pass R [H]

C … Capacitance of high pass R [nF]

Rd … Damping resistance of high pass R [Ohm]

Ld … Damping inductance of high pass R [H]

Enhanced Functionality for Scenarios

A scenario is a combination of change data which is assigned to an existing network. This enables

the definition of the operating state of the network elements (active/inactive), the switching of

terminals and also the individual network data of the different network elements (e.g. powers, factors,

control settings, control method etc.).

To simplify the use of scenarios in the PSS SINCAL user interface, a new menu is provided that

contains all the essential functions for using scenarios.

As before, the Scenario menu enables the scenarios to be edited and their parameters set in a

dialog box. The scenarios have been enhanced to make global scenario changes even simpler and

more flexible, such as the activation and deactivation of network elements. The ScenarioFile table

provides new attributes by which the global establishment and shutdown time, as well as the

operating state for all network elements contained in the scenario can be defined. This allows to

restrict the content of the scenario file to the network element topology. This is useful, if the effects of

a network expansion have to be assessed at different times. To do this, the appropriate

establishment and shutdown date for the elements contained in the scenario are entered simply in

Vnet

Network node

L

C

R Rd

Ld


Release Information

October 2016 16/31

the scenario dialog box.

The Create Scenario File menu item activates a new interactive selection mode, by which network

elements can be selected in the graphics editor and assigned to a scenario file. The required network

elements are selected interactively via the polygon in the graphics editor. A dialog box is then

opened, in which the attributes to be exported for the selected network elements can be configured in

detail. Closing the dialog box with OK writes the data to a scenario file.

The Scenario Comparison menu item activates a visualization of all changes contained in the

scenario. This allows to assess easily which changes to the network model are defined in the

scenario. The operation of the scenario comparison is similar to that of the variant comparison. A

new view is opened here in which the scenario to be examined can be selected. After the selection is

completed, all changes by the scenario are shown.

The list contains all network elements that are in the scenario. These are identified by name. A

hyperlink makes it possible for them to be selected directly in the graphics editors. The modification

of attributes for network elements is also visualized using the original value and the changed value in

the scenario.

A new calculation API has been provided in order to ensure the flexible use of the Scenarios in the

Automated Calculation. This allows to use the special functions and properties of scenarios for

automated optimization and variant calculations.

The calculation API allows to assign and parameterize scenarios in the calculation methods

completely independently of the definition in the network database. The following code example

shows the basic operating principle:

' Create simulation object

Dim SimulateObj

Set SimulateObj = WScript.CreateObject( "Sincal.Simulation" )

If SimulateObj Is Nothing Then

WScript.Echo "Error: CreateObject Sincal.Simulation failed!"

WScript.Quit

End If

' Make sure that we have a locale with '.' for digits

SetLocale( "en-gb" )


Release Information

October 2016 17/31

' Setting databases & load data

SimulateObj.DataSourceEx "DEFAULT", "JET", strSINFile, "Admin", ""

SimulateObj.BatchMode 4

SimulateObj.LoadDB "LF"

' Perform LF calculation with original data from database

SimulateObj.Start "LF"

' Get virtual scenario object

Dim vScn

Set vScn = SimulateObj.GetVirtualScenario()

' Set the establishment date of all elements in the scenario to June 8, 2016

vScn.AddScenarioFileEx "./Scn1.xml", empty, CDate("June 8, 2016"), empty

' Set the shutdown date of all elements in the scenario to June 9, 2016

vScn.AddScenarioFileEx "./Scn2.xml", empty, empty, CDate("June 9, 2016")

vScn.Active = true

SimulateObj.Start "LF_INC"

vScn.Clear

' Set the operating state of all elements in the scenario to off

vScn.AddScenarioFileEx "./Scn3.xml", CInt(0), empty, empty

vScn.Active = true


vScn.Clear

' Apply attribute changes in scenarios and calculate LF

vScn.AddScenarioFile "./Scn4.xml"

vScn.AddScenarioFile "./Scn5.xml"

vScn.Active = true


vScn.Clear

The example uses the virtual database for the calculation. The BatchMode function is used here to

transfer the network model from the physical database to the virtual database. This network model

can be changed with scenarios, and all changes can be carried out extremely efficiently directly in

the virtual database. The data changed in this way then forms the basis for the subsequent

calculations.

The new scenario API is addressed via the scenario object:

' Get virtual scenario object

Dim vScn

Set vScn = SimulateObj.GetVirtualScenario()

This object then provides the properties and methods which can be used as part of the automation.

The AddScenarioFile and AddScenarioFileEx functions load changes from scenario files and

prepare them for use with the virtual database. The Active property activates the scenarios in the

calculation. All calculations completed subsequently then use a network model changed by the

scenario.

' Apply changes from scenario to the network model in virtual database

vScn.AddScenarioFile "./PQ Right.xml"


Release Information

October 2016 18/31

vScn.AddScenarioFileEx "./Scn1.xml", empty, CDate("June 8, 2016"), empty

vScn.Active = true

SimulateObj.Start "LF_INC"

Equipment Sizing with Costs

The network planning tool for equipment sizing now allows the optional consideration of costs. The

line type selection in the wizard now includes for this the entry of line costs per kilometer and the total

costs for the transformer types. The cost definition is saved in the XML configuration file for

equipment sizing.

If the option is activated, the relevant equipment is selected as before based on the technical

attribute, but results are ranked based on the lowest costs.

Enhanced Inscription for Short Circuit and Multiple Faults in the Network

Graphic

The amount of display of the network graphic for the results was extended with the addition of

one-phase short circuit,

two-phase short circuit

two-phase ground fault and

multiple faults.

In response to many requests from users, the display of component data is now provided in the

network graphic. The relevant component data is provided with the node and branch results.

Determining Machine Data

The user interface now features a new network planning tool by which the Parkian Model can be

determined for asynchronous machines by means of the entered NEMA parameters. The tool can be

started via Tools – Determining Data – Machine Data. This determines the relevant Parkian Model


Release Information

October 2016 19/31

for the asynchronous machines selected in the network graphic and assigns it directly to the

machines where the dynamic data are activated.

New Static Network Reduction

PSS SINCAL now provides a completely new developed static network reduction. This is now

integrated directly in the calculation core and replaces the previously used network reduction

specified via external DLLs.

The new network reduction supports both the Ward model as well as the extended Ward model.

These are the two most recognized reduction procedures for static network reduction. Equivalent

supply sources that reflect the power flow from and to the reduced network are connected to all

boundary nodes. These equivalent supply sources are simulated as ward or extended ward,

depending on the option selected. The boundary nodes are connected to equivalent branches that

accurately represent the impedance of the reduced network.

In order to show exactly the same results in the residual network than in the original network, both for

load flow calculations as well as for symmetrical and asymmetrical short circuit calculations, the

relevant data for load flow and short circuit are calculated separately and provided at the equivalent

supply sources and equivalent branches.

As already mentioned, the new network reduction is directly implemented in the calculation modules.

The benefit here is that all the basic requirements for the reduction procedure are provided: High-

Performance Sparse Matrix technology for large systems, optimum solution strategies, impedance

determination of all equipment available in PSS SINCAL for load flow and short circuit.

It was possible to considerably improve the quality of the reduced networks and also to closely match

unbalanced short circuits in the reduced network with those of the complete network. The networks

are simulated for the short circuit on the basis of the standards selected in the calculation settings

and the new VDE 0102/2016 – IEC 909/2016 is also supported here. Existing couplings in the zero-

phase sequence, which are particularly important with transmission networks are likewise taken into

account.

The control/use of the static network reduction of the PSS SINCAL user interface has not changed.

The previous function is now also completely available with the new reduction. The extent of results

is likewise unchanged. It is possible as before to create either an individual network or a splitted

network as required:

Single network:

This generation variant modifies the whole network. In other words, all reduced nodes and

network elements are removed from the whole network. Only the boundary nodes are kept.

Boundary injections and boundary branches are connected to these boundary nodes.

Separated network:

This generation variant produces a 2nd network which contains all elements of the reduction.

Boundary injection BI BI BI

Bounding node

Boundary branch


Release Information

October 2016 20/31

The reduced network is linked to the original network (without reduced part) as an "include"

network. Connection definitions are inserted both in the original network and also in the reduced

subnetwork at the boundary nodes.

Enhanced CYMDIST Import

The CYMDIST import available in PSS SINCAL was enhanced. Models for supply sources and

distributed generation can now also be imported. As the models from CYMDIST and PSS SINCAL

are considerably different, a direct conversion is not possible. These models are therefore modeled

as good as possible with appropriate PSS SINCAL network elements.

The following solution is provided where identical sets of network elements are detected with a

different "LoadModel" in the CYMDIST file: The models available are defined in the import wizard

based on the data from the section "LOAD MODEL INFORMATION" and offered in a selection list. It

is possible to select which LoadModel is the base for the import. Only these data are then imported

and the elements with a different LoadModel are ignored.

The importing of the substation model from CYMDIST, which is described as "SUBSTATION" and

the associated entities is likewise implemented.

The import of the graphic data was also enhanced. The "SUBNETWORK" available in CYMDIST

enables subnetworks to be modeled with special graphic descriptions. These subnetworks are then

not presented in the base view of the network but in a separate view.

3 PSS®NETOMAC

3.1 User Interface

Enhanced Table Functions

The display of Multiple Line Titles is now possible in the display. Especially with the display of

results it is now possible to show the description and unit of the table column considerably more

clearly.

Another new function in the table is the optional Exponential notation of all numerical values. This

enables very small or very large values to also be visualized with sufficient accuracy. The numerical

values are always output with 9 significant digits. The exponential notation is only used if a "normal"

representation of the value is not possible. The exponential notation can be activated in the options

dialog box in the Editors and Views in the Tabular View tab.


Release Information

October 2016 21/31

Improvements in the Project Explorer

The Project Explorer now provides the possibility to create a new project file in the pop-up menu.

This uses the existing function for creating a new file with automatic assignment to the project.

Enhanced Functions in the Model Editor

The pop-up menu for blocks in the model editor has been enhanced. The new Properties menu item

is available here, which opens and activates the Properties window.

The interactive Editing Functions in the Model Editor were also optimized. The procedure for

connecting blocks with connections was particularly improved and given a more intuitive design.

The use of Simulink DLLs in Models was simplified. The special MAC interface files that are

created with the conversion function is no longer necessary here, as all information for linking the

DLLs in the XMAC file is coded. In other words, a MAC file containing the control parameters of the

Simulink DLL can be selected as before, or the Simulink DLL can be selected directly. The model

editor then determines the inputs and outputs as well as the parameters of the Simulink DLL and

saves the information for further use in the XMAC file.

The editing for Fortran and Format Block in the model editor was improved. Input with the syntax

editor integrated in the dialog box is now much simpler. Copy & Paste functions are provided, free

formatting is possible and a ruler and column background have also been implemented.


Release Information

October 2016 22/31

3.2 Calculation Methods

New Eigenvalue Analysis

The most widespread tool for stability analysis is simulation method in the time domain. The

simulation method is suitable for both large and small signal stability analysis. Another type of

method is modal analysis in the frequency domain, which is exclusively suitable for small signal

stability studies. Modal analysis, as a frequency domain approach, is also widely known as

Eigenvalue Analysis.

Eigenvalue analysis describe the small signal behavior of the network. Both the eigenvalues (Modes)

as well as the right and left eigenvectors are determined here, which provide information on

observability and controllability.

With a multi machine system, curves calculated by the simulation method often look complicated just

as shown in the figure. Here, it is difficult to see which generator swings against another generator.

~ G3

~ G1

~ G2

Time domain

Frequency domain

Mode A Mode B G2 against G1 and G3

G1 against G3 G2 hardly active

~ G3

~ G1

~ G2

~ G3

~ G1

~ G2


Release Information

October 2016 23/31

Simulation methods in the time domain present only the results but no explanation to the

phenomenon. In contrast, modal analysis reveals rules behind the complicated phenomena. Two

modes are mainly involved in the dynamics. In mode A, the two ends of the system swing against the

middle part of the system. In mode B, the two ends swing in phase against the middle part of the

system.

The results of the eigenvalue analysis are stated in frequency and damping ratio per oscillation

mode. A damping ratio ζ represents the inclination of the line drawn from the associated mode to

the origin of the s-plane.

22cos

The eigenvalue analysis is therefore a valuable tool for performing stability analyses in complex

networks. The previous problem when using the eigenvalue analysis was that the calculation effort

and time required was extremely high and the size of the networks that could be analyzed with it was

very limited.

To solve these problems and to provide a tool meeting all requirements, a completely new

Eigenvalue Analysis was fully implemented in PSS NETOMAC. This is a complete re-

implementation of the previous external NEVA application. The aim here was to provide a stable and

high-performance eigenvalue analysis tool that is also suitable for large networks.

To achieve this goal, the new implementation is based on the latest sparse-matrix technology and

also uses parallel processing extensively. The benefits of this modern technology are considerable,

and the processing times are reduced by a factor of 100 (or more). For example, a complete QR

calculation for 20,000 eigenvalues can be completed in 15 minutes, compared to the days required

with the old NEVA.

The new eigenvalue analysis is now integrated directly in the calculation core to enable an efficient

connection to the data structures available there.

The re-implementation also naturally ensures that the requirements of modern software architecture

are fulfilled. The calculation is therefore separated from the visualization of the results.

The use of the new eigenvalue analysis in the PSS NETOMAC user interface is shown with relevant

ω

σ

ψ

0

s = σ + jω


Release Information

October 2016 24/31

dialog boxes, diagrams and tables in order to explain the workflow in practical use.

The parameters for controlling the eigenvalue analysis are defined in the Calculation Settings

dialog box in the Eigenvalue Analysis tab.

The Common section is used to define the basic parameters for calculating the eigenvalues. This

specifies the method used and also the range in which the eigenvalues are calculated. The Result

Diagrams G(s) section is used to define limit values for displaying the result diagrams of the transfer

value analysis.

The eigenvalue analysis is started via Calculate – Eigenvalues – Eigenvalue Analysis.

The eigenvalue analysis runs interactively in dialog operation. The eigenvalues, or more precisely the

modes, are actually determined immediately after the function is started. Depending on the size of

the network and the analysis method selected, this process can also take several minutes. Progress

is indicated in the status bar by means of progress messages.

After the modes have been successfully determined, the interactive analysis and evaluation is

started. This automatically opens the calculation dialog box and the different options for controlling

the eigenvalue analysis are shown. The diagram window with the mode distribution on the complex S

plane is also opened.


Release Information

October 2016 25/31

The diagram contains an overview of all modes found. The dashed Zeta line drawn in the diagram

separates the unproblematic modes shown in green on the left of the line from the problematic

modes shown in red on the right.

Besides a clear and presentable display of all modes, the mode overview diagram also offers other

functions. Simply double-clicking a mode opens a dialog box showing detailed information on the

particular mode.

Another special function of the diagram is its ability to act as a graphic selection filter for the modes.

In other words, the results can be evaluated interactively for the modes shown in the diagram. If the

evaluation is to be restricted to specific modes, the appropriate section only has to be selected with

the help of the Interactive Scaling diagram function.

The results of the eigenvalue analysis can be analyzed interactively with the help of the calculation

dialog box. The dialog box is divided into four areas:

Mode overview:

The eigenvalue analysis can be closed here and the diagram with the mode distribution re-

opened at any time via a hyperlink.


Release Information

October 2016 26/31

Modal analysis:

This enables tabular evaluations of the eigenvalue vectors to be made for machines, nodes,

branches and BOSL models.

Residues/Transfer function G(s):

Selected residues can thus be shown in a tabular display and the display of transfer functions of

any objects in the form of time or frequency response diagrams is also possible.

Area for messages:

This is where error and information messages are output.

The Modal analysis displays the eigenvectors for the selected modes and the selected object in

tabular form.

The Type selection field makes it possible to choose between the data for which the eigenvectors

are to be examined. The following are available here: Machines, network elements, nodes and BOSL

models.

The Object and Data fields are filled dynamically according to the selection in the Type field. The

voltage value for all nodes in the network is examined in the actual display.

Clicking the Activities button opens the tabular view and the eigenvectors for the selected data are

shown.

The following results are available in the browser of the tabular view under Results – Eigenvalue

Analysis:

Mode Distribution:

The value corresponds to the display in the Mode overview diagram. All modes displayed in the

diagram are shown here with the data.

Mode Activities:

These are the results of the modal analysis according to the selection made in the calculation

dialog box. The eigenvalue, the data of the object as well as the right and left eigenvector are

shown for the selected data.


Release Information

October 2016 27/31

Mode Activities (Reference values):

Contains the reference values for the mode activities.

The Residues/Transfer function enables enhanced evaluations of the eigenvectors to be carried

out, for example for the optimum placing of controllers to be determined. This provides both a tabular

display as well as a graphical display in the form of diagrams.

The transfer function G(s) is defined as follows:

)s(

)s()s( U

YG

In the dialog box the output signal Y(s) and the input signal U(s) can be defined with any variables.

For this the Type is selected and the appropriate Object identified. The Y(s) and U(s) signal required

for the selected object can then also be selected. In the illustration shown, the rotor speed of the

machine is selected via the excitation voltage in order to find the optimum point for installing a power

system stabilizer (PSS).

Click the Residues button to start the tabular evaluation of the transfer function. This automatically

opens the tabular view.

The following results are available in the browser of the tabular view under Results – Eigenvalue

Analysis:

Mode Distribution:

The value corresponds to the display in the Mode overview diagram. All modes displayed in the

diagram are shown here with the data.

Residuum:

These are the results of the analysis according to the selection made in the calculation dialog

box.


Release Information

October 2016 28/31

Residuum (Reference values):

Contains the reference values for the residues.

Click the G(s) button to start the graphical evaluation of the transfer function. The diagram view is

opened for this and the frequency response diagram page is displayed.

The diagram page shows the selected transfer function G(s) in the form of Bode diagrams as

amplitude and angle over the frequency. A Nyquist diagram is also provided which visualizes the

locus of the transfer function.

Another diagram page is available which visualizes the time response of the transfer function.


Release Information

October 2016 29/31

New Functions in the Eigenvalue Screening

The eigenvalue screening provided in PSS NETOMAC in addition to the eigenvalue analysis was

enhanced with new functions in order to improve its usability. The eigenvalue screening makes it

possible to obtain a simple and particularly fast assessment of eigenvalues without having to carry

out any complex und time consuming calculation.

Like the eigenvalue analysis, the eigenvalue screening can be started directly via Calculate –

Eigenvalues – Eigenvalue Screening. The special activation and deactivation in the calculation

settings is no longer necessary. As before, the eigenvalue screening can also be carried out as part

of the dynamic simulation. The provision of the eigenvalue screening results can be activated for this

if required in the calculation settings under Output in the Dynamics tabs.


Release Information

October 2016 30/31

The S plane result diagram for eigenvalue screening is generated manually after the calculation. A

filter function was added to the wizard for creating the diagram page. This enables negligible

eigenvalue values to be filtered out.

Improved Connection of Reference Machines

The reference machine and the reference supply source could previously only be defined by a

number in the calculation settings. This reflects the internal position in the NET file. To simplify input,

it is now also possible to enter the name of the machine or supply source.

However, this definition has to carried out in the fields HZ6 and HZ7 of the 2nd program control line.

In other words, these fields are very short. With long machine names, the machine must therefore be

defined as a variable in the NET file, which in turn can be used in HZ6 and HZ7.


Release Information

October 2016 31/31

Improved Support for Simulink DLLs

Previously the Simulink DLLs were always linked via a special interface DLL, which then in turn

loaded the Simulink DLLs. This historical legacy data has been removed and the connection is

implemented directly in the calculation core.

An enhanced processing was provided in the calculation core for those Simulink DLLs which can

only be used in the simulation. It was previously necessary to manually ensure with a special IF

construct in the NET file that these Simulink DLLs were only called on initialization and in the

simulation but not in the load flow iteration. To prevent this fault susceptible connection, a check is

made directly in the calculation core whether a Simulink DLL is suitable for the load flow. If not, this is

not called in the load flow iteration. The marking of load flow suitability is stored in the MAC interface

file for the Simulink DLL in the header. For this, the tool for generating the MAC interface files was

enhanced accordingly.

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