Religion and Society Ultimate Powerpoint

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Rights and responsibilities

Environmental and medical issues

Peace and Conflict

Crime and Punishment

Religion and Society!



Rights and

responsibilities



All Christians agree that the Bible is the best way to find out what God wants

them to do in their lives.

Some: Absolute word of God:

The only and final authority forChristiansSome: Interpreted today forChristians by Church.

Others: Only a guide written byhumans - allowed to beinterpreted to fit with tod y’ssociety

Differentbeliefs

about theauthorityof theBible.



CHRUCH: The community of Christians (small c = place of worship).

Church of England:Elect an assembly to

decide on moral issues.

Roman Catholic Church:Have leaders that make

moral decisions. (Popeand Bishops)

Most: How Jesus, Son of God,

works in the world, so it hasauthority of Jesus.

Most: Believe that God speaks

to the world today through the

church.Guided by God so able to make

decisions.

Sure they are doing the right

thing.

Why theChurchhas

authority.



All humans have a conscience which makes them feel

guilty if they do things which they regard as wrong, e.g..If you do something your parents disapprove of, you

may feel guilty afterwards.

This feelings of guilt is your conscience.



Catholic Church teach:Final part of moral

decision making.They should go with theirconscience even if it goes

against the church.

WHEN. WHY.hristians follow their conscience?

Christians believe thevoice of conscienceseems to be the same asthe voice of God so itshould be followed.

The Church says thatChristians should followtheir conscience.



People have been mistaken about the

voice of God, e.g. The Yorkshire Ripperclaimed that God had told him to kill

prostitutes.

If Christians follow the teachings ofthe Bible and the Church they know

they are doing the Christian thing, so

don’t need to rely on conscience.

Why do some Christians think they shouldn’t

always follow their conscience?



Many Christians who believe that conscience is

more important than the Bible or Church probably

follow situation ethics.

This is a Christian idea from Joseph

Fletcher.

Situation Ethics

Should a Christian attend a

homosexual wedding?

IF WE USED IT?

Accepting the Bible or Church means things are

either right or wrong whatever the situation.

Fletcher felt this was wrong and that Christians

should base their moral decisions on Jesus‟

commandment to love your neighbour as yourself

and on the situation.



Why some Christians

follow situation ethics:

Jesus seemed to follow situation

ethics because He over-ruled what the

Old Testament said when he thought it

was unloving; e.g. He healed on the

Sabbath

They think you should only do whatwill produce good results.

They believe that Jesus‟ statement that

the only laws are to love God and your

neighbour means that Christians should

always do what will have the most lovingresults.

Why some Christians

won’t follow situationethics:

They think God wouldn‟t have given laws

in the Bible if they were not to be followed.

They think the Church knows best what

Christians should do.

They claim you never know all the facts

about a situation, so the most loving thing

might not be if you knew more facts or allthe consequences of your actions.



UN HUMAN RIGHTS ACT 1948!

Rights and freedoms that every

human is entitled to

RIGHT TOPARTICIPATE IN

GOVERNMENT

THROUGH

VOTING!



CAN GO TO COURT IF BROKEN

EVERYONE ENTITLED TO THEM

MADE A PART OF UK LAW IN 1998



“From one human being He

created all races on earth and

made them live throughout the

whole earth”. ( cts 17:26)



THE GOOD SAMARITANLuke 10:25-37

FAIR TREATMENT

Healing a Leper

Helping/Teaching prostitutes

and Tax collectors

Helping the Roman Soldiers



CHRISTIAN

“Christian worship can never let us be

indifferent to the needs of others…To

speak of God, you must speak to your

neighbour…He does not tolerate a

relationship with himself that

excludes your neighbour”.



FATHERS 4 JUSTICE

A GROUP FORMED TO INFLUENCE

GOVERNMENT POLICY ON A PARTICULAR

ISSUE!



UNITE against racism









Democratic Processes: The ways in which all

citizens can take part in government!

Electoral Processes: The ways in which voting is

organised

ONE VOTE WILL

NOT MAKE A

DIFFERENCE!

No matter who

gets into power

we end of with

the same policies.



“DO FOR OTHERS WHATYOU WANT THEM TO DO

FOR YOU”! Matthew 7:12



“Rich people who see a brotherand sister in need, yet close their

hearts against them, cannot claimthat they love God”

1 John 3:11-18



Whenever you helped “one of the

least important members of my

family, you did it for me” Matthew 24:31-46

Someone who is sick, in prison, poor, homeless, upset etc





GENETIC ENGINEERING: Removal of DNA from a

plant or animal, altering it and putting it back

again.

CLONING: A form of genetic engineering that

produces a duplicate of the parent







ONLY GOD ISPERFECT!

ROMAN

CATHOLIC

SEEDS, PLANTS and

ANIMALS for the

greater good of

humanity.

HUMANS CELLS????NO WAY!!!

HUMANS ARE

MADE IN GODS

IMAGE = SPECIAL!!!!

PROTESTANTS

MAY AGREE WITH ALL

IF IT IS IN THE LONGTERM INTEREST OF

HUMANITY!

Medical Research

must be trying to

improve the

quality of a

persons life for it

to be acceptable!

Jesus healed people. GE is just amodern version of this!

Science comes from God, ergo, WE

ARE MEANT TO USE IT!

Could be used for GOOD?

G S S O S S



RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIESYou must answer one question from this section.

EITHER

1. (a) What is Situation Ethics? (2)

(b) Do you think pressure groups should be made illegal?

Give two reasons for your point of view. (4)

(c) Explain how the Bible is used by Christians in moral decision making. (8)

(d) ‘No good can come from genetic engineering.’

In your answer you should refer to Christianity.

(i) Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion. (3)

(ii) Give reasons why some people may disagree with you. (3)

Total for Question 1 = 20 marks

OR

2. (a) What are democratic processes? (2)

(b) Do you think Christians should accept cloning?

Give two reasons for your point of view. (4)

(c) Explain why human rights matter to Christians. (8)

(d) ‘Conscience is the best guide a Christian has when making a moral decision.’

In your answer you should refer to Christianity.

(i) Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion. (3)

(ii) Give reasons why some people may disagree with you. (3)Total for Question 2 = 20 marks



Environmental and medical issues

Global Warming, Pollution and the problem this causes.

Infertility Treatment and religious attitudes towards it.

Transplant Surgery and religious attitudes towards it.



Global Warming



IMPACT?

Glaciers melt! Sea ice

is disappearing.

Sea levels are rising,

seasons changing.

Extreme weather is

becoming more

EXTREME!

More flooding More droughts

More diseases More famine

More wars!

More refugees

Destruction of ecosystems

CLIMATE

CHANGE



CAUSES?

BURNING

FOSSIL FUELS!



SOLUTIONS?

“The good news is that we know exactly

what needs to be done to stop climate

change”

New

technology

Low-carbon cars

Reducing use of fossilfuels

Use energy-saving

light bulbs etc

CUT CARBON

EMISSIONS



Pollution

25 million tonnes of rubbish a year are dumped on

streets and along the side of the road.

Every person in the UK throws away four

times their body weight in rubbish a year.

Cars are the biggest cause of air pollution. They emit a

variety of pollutants, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen

oxides and hydrocarbons.

Raw sewage and radioactive waste have

been discharged into the sea.

LAND

AIR

SEA



SOLUTION?



SOLUTION?“Do I really need

to buy this?!”

LESS DAMAGE TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Local

CONSERVATION

SUSTAINABLE

LIVES!



Christians, Islam and the Environment

Stewardship: Looking after

something so it can be passed on to the

next generation.

KHALIFAH: Responsibility that Allah

has given Muslims to care for the world; the

person who acts as Allah‟s steward on earth.

“God looked at everything he had

made , and was very pleased”.(Genesis 1.31)

“But waste not by excess: for

God loves not the wasters”.(6:141)

QUR’AN: Allah created the world and

everything in it for a purpose; it is part of

Allah‟s plan. Everything in existence is

interlinked, we are all part of ‟one‟. Damage

upsets a link in the chain and that harms the

planet.

OLD TESTAMENT RULES

Working animals must rest one day a

week.

Fruit trees must not be destroyed when

attacking a city.

Land must be rested on the seventh year.

Jesus taught through the Sermon on the Mount that

it is every Christians duty to share the worlds

resources fairly and with care!



Sperm

Donor

IVF

Sperm is taken from the husband and placed in

the woman‟s uterus. This can help couples whohave difficulty conceiving for no obvious reason.

Artificial insemination

by husband known asAIH

Artificial

insemination by

donor known as

AID

A fertilized egg is created in the laboratory using

an egg donated by another woman but using

the partner‟s sperm. This is of help when a

woman does not ovulate.

Egg

donation

In-vitro

fertilizationknown as IVF

Egg and sperm are taken from a couple, fertilized

in a laboratory and then placed in the womb.This helps women with medical problems, such as

blocked fallopian tubes, to conceive.

Sperm donated to a clinic is placed in the

woman‟s uterus. This can help couples where the

male is infertile – unable to have children.



Christianity and IVF

Attitude

For or

Against?It is an act of great kindness to help a women to conceive a longed for

child and to remove her suffering.

The IVF process involves the creation of several fertilized eggs. Not all

eggs will be implanted in the women the rest will be destroyed. They

believe it is wrong to destroy life.Medical research must refrain from operations on live embryos. This is

considered a grave sin.

The emotional needs of couples who are eager to have children have

forced us to re-examine traditional beliefs.

Understand that a child is God‟s gift to a couple conceived as a result ofa loving sexual relationship anything else is unnatural and not what

God intended.

If God gives us the ability to help infertile couples we should use it. The

Bible contains a story of God bringing happiness to a infertile woman

by giving her a child.





Transplant Surgery

It would be fantastic if something amazingcame out of my death. Knowing that my

death is going to help others live a good life

makes me happy!

I think giving life is far better than

wasting organs that would otherwise be

buried or cremated.

Operations like transplant surgery cost a

fortune. The money should be spent on curing

the disease or changing the way people live.Lots more people would benefit from this!

I want to be buried with all my own body

parts. I don‟t think it is right for people to

take parts of me when I am dead.





Christianity and Transplant Surgery

The Bible states that humans are created by God in his images. People have NO

RIGHT to interfere with God’s creation.

Some Christians believe that God will resurrect people into their bodies at the end

of the world and DO NOT agree with transplanting organs.

Some Christians say: When we have two organs, giving one is okay because it is

following Jesus' teachings of loving your neighbour.

Most Christians believe that the gift of life is precious and it is right to make

every effort to preserve life.

The Golden Rule teaches Christians to treat others as they would like to be

treated themselves. For some, this teaching makes organ donations acceptable.



Islam and Transplant Surgery

The Qur’an teaches that on the Last Day, Allah will resurrect everybody

bodily. It is understood that nothing should be removed from a person’s

body after death.

Allah is the creator of life and he has a plan for everyone. Humans have no

right to alter Allah’s plan about life and death.

Islam teaches that it is every Muslim’s duty to alleviate suffering and

save life. Organ donation and transplant can do this.

In Islam, Organ donation on a living donor may be permitted, so long as it doesnot risk the donor’s life. In fact it is considered an act of charity.

Some (very few) Muslims believe that all forms of transplant surgery is

acceptable because Shariah Laws it can save lives and is a God given

technology.



Peace and Conflict

The United Nations

Religion and world peace

Just War

Religious attitude towards war.Religious attitude towards bullying.

Conflict in the family.Religious teachings on forgiveness and

reconciliation.

UN basic aims:



UN basic aims:

1: To maintain international peace and security

2: To develop friendly relations between countries.

3: To help countries develop economically and socially.

Peace = RESPECT for life, human dignity, human rights and the rejection of violence

along with a commitment to freedom, justice and friendship.

UNICEF: Children‟s Fun

UNESCO: Educational, Scientific,

Cultural Organisation

ld



World Peace

THE QUAKERS

PACIFISM AND NON-VIOLENCEWork with the UN to reconcile warring states.

Campaign against nuclear weapons

Work to tackle the causes of conflict – poverty etc

Try to influence foreign policy



“War may be necessary.

Refusing to fight would allow

evil to win!”

Just War

A Just War is one which has to be foughtbut is conducted according to certain

conditions. These were developed by

Thomas Aquinas (c1225-74) and Francisco

de Vitoria (c1483-1546) and are still

referred to by Christians today.

The theory is not intended to justify all wars but to prevent them by



The theory is not intended to justify all wars but to prevent them by

showing that going to war - except in certain limited

circumstances - is wrong. The intention was to motivate states to find

other ways of resolving conflicts , prevent war and to limit its effects.

Some conditions of a Just War are:

it must be fought by a legal recognised authority , eg, a

government

the war must be fought with the intention to establish good

or correct evilthe war must be the last resort (after all diplomatic negotiations

have been tried and failed)

civilians must not be involved or targeted

h



Christianity and war

Jesus is often described as a pacifist. He

taught:

“Blessed are the peacemakers for they

will be called the children of God”.

Matthew 5.9

Most Christians believe that war and fighting

are wrong except in the most severe cases and

they base their views on Jesus‟ teaching about

love:

“A new command I give you: love one

another. As I have loved you, so you must

love one another”.

John 13:34

Necessary EvilMost Christian believe we had a duty

stop the atrocities being committed by

Nazi Regime during WWII.

Jesus taught about non-violence but

never condemned Roman Soldiers.

POPE BENEDICT XVI –

Duty bound to defend Christian values

– even if that means using

proportional violence.

ISLAM AND WAR L Jih d



ISLAM AND WAR: Lesser Jihad



b l d ( l )



Harb al-Muqadis (Holy War)

One aim of Holy War may be to create a democracy where people

are free to live their lives without beliefs and politics being imposed on

them. There must be no hatred or vengeance in the fighting. As soon

as peace is offered, fighting must stop. Once peace has been restored

the differences between people must be resolved.

Muslims may fight in self-defence but are forbidden to begin a fight.The aim of fighting is to create a situation where Muslims are

free to worship Allah and live in peace.

“Hate your enemy mildly; he may become your

friend one day”.

Hadith

Christianity and Bullying



Christianity and Bullying

“Love your neighbour as you love yourself.” If you love

someone, you will never do them wrong: to love, the, is toobey the whole law. (Romans 13:9-10)

Made in the image of

God!

WE ARE ALL EQUAL!

Set up by Christians to help children

who lived on the streets during

Victorian times. Now it helps children

facing discrimination or disadvantage

in their daily lives. Aniti- bullying is one

area they work on.

Islam and bullying



Islam and bullying

UMMAH= The brotherhood of all Muslims, whether male of female.

It would be wrong to bully a fellow Muslim.

QUR’AN

Allah created every human being

and everyone is equal in the eyes

of Allah. Show respect to ALL of

Allah‟s creation.

SHOW COMPASSION TO

THE WEAK AND FIGHT

AGAINST INJUSTICE!

THE DAY OF JUDGEMENT“Allah will not show mercy to the one who does not show mercy to others”. (Hadith)

Beatbullying: CyberMentors who help

people who are victims of cyber bullying.

li i fli d h f il



Religious conflict and the family

PARABLES!



Christianity and forgiveness

PARABLES!

The Lost Son

Truth and

Reconciliation

Commission

Desmond Tutu promoted

forgiveness in South Africa –

Good Example

I l d f i



Islam and forgiveness

Teachings of the Qur’an

Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

DAY OF JUDGEMENT

“Show forgiveness, speakof justice, and avoid the

ignorant”. (Qur;an 7:199)

“Control your anger, thenforgive your brother. Do you

not wish to be forgiven?”.(Prophet Muhammad PBUH)

If a Muslim wrongs someone

they are taught to:Ask forgiveness from Allah

Ask forgiveness from the person

themselves.



d



and

Laws tell people how they should

and should not behave.

Laws set out certain punishments

to be enforced if the law is broken.

Without rules normal society

would break down and there will beANARCHY.

Laws create a civilised society.

Ensures that people are treated fairly.

Punishment has to be appropriate for

the crime committed.

Law must be based on justice

for

society to believe they are fair and follow them.

If laws are unjust people may decide to act

without the law or „take the law into their

own hands‟.



J ti d Ch i ti it



Justice and ChristianityBIBLE: Treating people unjustly is a sin, and those who do it can expect to pay the

price on the Day of Judgement.

Vendettas and long-running disputes

were unjust.

Jesus’ teachings about justice were revolutionary for the time

th t h li d



that he lived.

Jesus linked justice with non-violence and forgiveness.

RETRIBUTION IS NOT THE BEST WAY!

Use , and forgive people who hurt you. He saidthat this was better than exacting punishment.

Modern Christians believe

there is an unjust division

of wealth in the world.

Many Christians campaign

against poverty and make adeliberate effort to buy

Fairtrade goods.

“Do not judge others, so that God

will not judge you, for God will

judge you the same way as you judge others, and he will apply to

you the same rules you apply to

others”. (Matthew 7:1-2)

J ti d I l



Justice and Islam

One of themis that Allah

is Just

Life of Prophet

Muhammad

(pbuh)

Shari’ah Law

C it l P i h t



Capital Punishment

The Death Penalty in Britain In 1908 the death penalty was abolished for people under 16.

In 1931 the death penalty was abolished for pregnant women.

The last hangings were in 1964. The death penalty was abolished for all crimes in the UK in 1998.

It is an excellent deterrent.

Removes dangerous people.

Cheaper than keeping a person in

prison for a very long time.

Life for a life – fair retribution.

Innocent people get convicted by

mistake.

Life is sacred – even that of a criminal

Prison is a good deterrent – Many try

to commit suicide

It barbaric



Islam and Capital Punishment



Islam and Capital Punishment

Shari’ah Law

“You shall not kill – for that is forbidden by

God – except for a just cause”

DELIBERATE MURDER

THREATENING TO UNDERMINE THE

AUTHORITY





Alcohol and Drugs

CLASS A = Morphine, Heroine

CLASS B = Speed, Cannabis

CLASS C = Ketamine, Some prescribed drugs



Causes health problems: Liver damage, lung cancer, high blood pressure etc

Relationships fail – Addicts often lie to them.

Work/Education suffers: Addicts are often to worried about their next fix.

Crime occurs: People under the influence commit crime – 50% street crime

related to drinks.

Costs a fortune: Person spends large amount of money on their addiction.

This often leads to debt.

Ch i ti d D / l h l



Christians and Drugs/alcohol

“Don’t you know that your body is a temple ofthe Holy Spirit, who lives in you and who was

given to you by God?” (1 Corinthians 6:19)

RESPONSIBLE!

HELP THE ADDICT!

I l d d / l h l



Islam and drugs/alcohol

“Satan stirs up hatred among you by means of wineand gambling...Will you not abstain from them?”

(Qur‟an 4:43)

Destroys a peaceful

society

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