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England circa 1600
Religious background
Economic background
Political background
Jamestown 1607http://www.history.com/minisites/jamestownanniversary/
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“What will it avalle you to take that by force you may quickly have by love, or to destroy them that provide you food. What can you get by warre, when we can hide our provisions and fly to the woods? Whereby you must famish by wronging us your friends. And why are you thus jealous of our loves seeing us unarmed, and both doe, and are willing still to feede you, with that you cannot get but by our labours?
TOBACCO PLANT: LABOR INTENSIVE…1618…JOHN ROLFE
1619HTTP://WWW.HISTORY.ORG/ALMANACK/PLACES/HB/CAPPC2.JPG
HTTP://WWW.JAMD.COM/SEARCH?ASSETTYPE=G&ASSETID=56248520&TEXT=JAMESTOWN+SLAVES
The Haves1700s
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GOVERNOR’S PALACE/ WILLIAMSBURGFINISHED 1722
STRATFORD HALLLEE FAMILY HOME
BUILT 1730
Rebellion … 1676 HTTP://WWW.STOCKTON.EDU/~GILMOREW/0COLHIS/SOU22.JPG
THE BURNING OF JAMESTOWN, 1676 1901PYLE, HOWARD(1853-1911 AMERICAN)LITHOGRAPH PRIVATE COLLECTION
Plymouth, 1620HTTP://WWW.HISTORYPLACE.COM/UNITEDSTATES/REVOLUTION/REVGFX/MAY-COMPACT.JPG
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PuritansGreat Migration 1630-40
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Puritans Go from persecuted minority
to intolerant majority Quakers Banishment Law Theocracy? Salem and witches 1700 Anglicans arrive
OLD NORTH CHURCH BOSTON
Exceptions to the rule…
RHODE ISLAND AND ROGER WILLIAMS ANNE HUTCHINSON
Penn’s Holy Experiment John Adams claimed that PA
contained “Roman Catholics, English Episcopalians, Scotch and American Presbyterians, Methodists, Moravians, Anabaptists, German Lutherans, Cerman Calvinists, Universalists, Arians, Priestleyans, Socinans, Independents, Congregationalists,…Deists andAtheists” (Holmes)
AND…
The QuakersARCH STREET FRIENDS
MEETING HOUSEPHILADELPHIA
Salvation from within… through your inward light/conscience/soul … the Divine spark
Step towards power of the individual
Everyone can be saved 1750s no longer the key political
power… have moved to social activism…women play key roles
THE QUESTIONING OF INSTITUTIONS AND TRADITIONS
Enlightenment, Awakenings, Evolving
American Revolutionary creeds and dogma
The Great Awakening 1730s – 1770s Various reasons … Led to waves of revivals Traditional services vs Evangelical
happenings“and therefore a divine revelation
must be a collection of rays of light…” (Samuel Davies’ sermon The Divine Authority of the Christian Religion)
Black and white audiences
George Whitefield Wesleyan Anglican
from GB 1739 – 42 tour from
GA to NE “gales of the heavenly wind” sermons
Crowds of up to 6,000
Media savvy The Spiritual Travels
of Nathan Cole
Jonathan Edwards “Our people do not so much need to have their
heads stored as to have their hearts touched.” and it was a “reasonable thing to endeavor to fright persons away from hell.”
“The bow of god’s wrath is bent and the arrow made ready on the string, and justice bends the arrow at your heart, and strains the bow, and it is nothing but the mere pleasure of God, and that of an angry God, without any promise or obligation at all that keeps the arrow one moment from being made drunk with you blood.” Sinners in the Hand… (all quotes from text: America)
Imitators abound, spiritual enthusiasm hard to control, revival of traditional
religion takes new direction
Split established churches Natural law led to Unitarianism
and Universalism New style of preaching New colleges in North Missionary movement in the
South
YEOCOMICO BAPTIST CHURCH
MT. SHILOH BAPTIST CHURCH
Awakening results: Questioning of authority Ignoring the power of C of E
bishops over Anglicans …can lead to same questioning of King
Strengthens the sense of the individual
Intercolonial contact via media
The Enlightenment Science … Newton and the Natural Laws
of the Universe Deists and Voltaire’s “Supreme
Architect” Locke’s Essay on Human Understanding
Use of Reason is the highest Virtue God established divine law and the law can be
discovered through reason. Human mind can be used to understand what God
intended
American elite receptive to these ideas. What about the common person?