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Religious Wars and the Absolutist Response
NilsenWorld History
French Religious Wars
• French Huguenots = Protestants
• Eight Wars between the Catholics and the Huguenots from 1563 to 1598
• Ended with Edict of Nantes
• Guaranteed religious freedom in France
Thirty Years’ War, Part I
• Peace of Augsburg• Revolt of Bohemia
(1618)• Winter King• Battle of White
Mountain (1620)
Thirty Years’ War, Part II
• Denmark intervenes (1625)
• Falls apart (1629)
Thirty Years’ War, Part III
• Gustavus Adolphus (1630)
• Peace of Prague (1635)
Thirty Years’ War, Part IV
• Cardinal Richelieu (1635-1648)
• Peace of Westphalia
Impacts of the Thirty Years’ War
• Czech population reduced by one third• German population reduced by 30%• Areas where half to two-thirds of population
died• One half of all German males killed• Swedish armies: destroyed 2000 castles,
18,000 villages and 1500 towns in Germany
English Wars of Religion
• Charles I
• Fights with Parliament about money
• Turns nasty
English Civil War
• War eventually breaks out in 1642 between Royalists and Parliamentarians
• Fight three civil wars through 1651
• Charles is beheaded in 1649 for treason
English Civil War
• England ruled by Oliver Cromwell until his death in 1658
Louis XIV
• Became king in 1643 at age of four
• Centralized power in the monarchy
Absolutism
• Attacked threats to his power:–Church–Huguenots–Nobles
• Copied throughoutEurope