REM III PRO - semspub.epa.gov

REM III PRO

SZfHCEBflSCO

REMEDIAL PLANNING ACTIVITIESAT SELECTED UNCONTROLLED

'HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE DISPOSAL SITESWITHIN EPA REGIONS I-IV

DRAFT WORK PLANPHASE I REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION

LODI MUNICIPAL WEL!BOROUGH OF LODI

LODI, NEW JERSEY

MARCH, 1988

EPA CONTRACT 68-01-725O

EBASCO SERVICES INCORPORATED

300431

EPA WORK ASSIGNMENT NUMBER: 364-2LS4EPA CONTRACT NUMBER: 68-01-6939EBASCO SERVICES INCORPORATED


LODI MUNICIPAL WELLBOROUGH OF LODI

LODI, NEW JERSEY

MARCH, 1988

NOTICE

THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN FUNDED BY THE UNITEDSTATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (USEPA) UNDER REM IIICONTRACT NO. 68-01-7250 TO EBASCO SERVICES, INC. (EBASCO). THISDOCUMENT IS A DRAFT AND HAS NOT BEEN FORMALLY RELEASED BY EITHEREBASCO OR EPA. AS A DRAFT, THIS DOCUMENT SHOULD NOT BE CITED ORQUOTED, AND IS BEING CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT ONLY.

7126b 300432

EBASCO SERVICES INCORPORATED EBftSCO20" J60-*903

March 4, 1988RMOII-88-070

Mr. M. Shaheer Alvi, PERegional Project OfficerUS Environmental Protection Agency26 Federal PlazaNew York, NY 10278

Mr. Richard WiceRemedial Project ManagerUS Environmental Protection Agency26 Federal PlazaNew York, NY 10278

SUBJECT: DRAFT WORK PLANPHASE I REMEDIAL INVESTIGATIONLODI MUNICIPAL WELL SITEBOROUGH OF LODILODI, NEW JERSEYEPA WORK ASSIGNMENT NUMBER: 364-2LS4EPA CONTRACT NUMBER: 68-01-6939

Gentlemen:

Ebasco Services Incorporated (Ebasco) is pleased to submit thesubject Work Plan for the Lodi Municipal Well site. This WorkPlan presents Ebasco's technical scope, estimated cost, andschedule for conducting the Phase I Remedial Investigations forthe Lodi Municipal Well Site.

As directed by EPA, we have, with the exception of Chapters 3and 5, adopted all other sections of this Work Plan from theWork Plan previously_ submitted by EPA's REM II Contractor forthis site. Where required however, minor revisions to thesesections have been made to conform to the information in therevised chapters. We have also integrated those commentsconveyed to Ebasco at our scoping meeting, February 9, 1988.

It has been determined that no conflict of interest exists forthe Regional or Site Manager, nor is there any organizationalconflict of interest for Ebasco.

The Optional Form 60 for Ebasco and its subcontractors is beingsent under separate cover.

300433

-2-

Mr. M. Shaheer Alvi, PEMr. Richard Wice

SUBJECT: DRAFT WORK PLANLODI MUNICIPAL WELL SITE

Please let me know if we can be of further assistance. Shouldyou require any additional clarification, please do not hesitateto call me at 201-460-6434 or Dr. Les Skoski at 201-460-6178.

Very truly yours,

Dev R. Sachdev, PhD., PERegional ManagerRegion II

DRS/MS:mtbEnclosures

cc: D.J. SarnoJ.O. MorantM.K. YatesM. AmdurerM. Schwartz

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OR RECEIPT

Please acknowledge receipt of this enclosure on the duplicatecopy of this letter and return it to the sender at the aboveaddress.

Signature Date

300434

EPA WORK ASSIGNMENT NUMBER: 364-2LS4EPA CONTRACT NUMBER: 68-01-6939EBASCO SERVICES INCORPORATED


LODI MUNICIPAL WELLBOROUGH OF LODILODI, NEW JERSEY

MARCH, 1988

PREPARED BY: APPROVED BY:

d&£+s-Les Skoski, Ph.D. Dev R. Sachdev, Ph.D., P.E.Site Manager Regional Manager, Region IIEbasco Services, Incorporated Ebasco Services, Incorporated

7126b300435

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

LETTER OF SUBMITTAL

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

1.0 INTRODUCTION........................................ 1

1.1 Site Location and History ..................... 11.2 Site Status and Project Type .................. 41.3 Overview ...................................... 4

2.0 SUMMARY OF EXISTING DATA............................ 5

2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION .............................. 5

2.1.1 Environmental Setting .................. 5

2.1.2 Site History ........................... 25

2.2 CONTAMINATION PROBLEM DEFINITION .............. 27

2.2.1 Contaminants Identified at the Site .... 272.2.2 Hazard of Contaminants ................. 292.2.3 Degree of Site Contamination............ 33

2.3 INDUSTRIAL SURVEY ............................. 40

2.3.1 Industrial Survey Methods .............. 402.3.2 Industrial Survey Results .............. 402.3.3 Remedial Investigations in the

Lodi Area .............................. 51

2.4 EVALUATION OF LODI MUNICIPAL SEWAGECOLLECTION SYSTEM ............................. 56

2.5 CONTAMINANT MIGRATION PATHWAY CONCEPTUALMODEL ......................................... 57

2.5.1 Migration Pathways ..................... 57

2.5.2 Potential Receptors .................... 58

2.6 INITIAL REMEDIAL MEASURES ..................... 59

300436

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)

SECTION PAGE

3.0 DETERMINATION APPLICABLE OR RELEVANT AND APPROPRIATEREQUIREMENTS (ARARS) .............................. 60

3.1 DETERMINATION OF ARARs........................ 603.2 CONSIDERATION OF ARARs DURING THE RI/FS ...... 603.3 PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF ARARs FOR

THE LODI MUNICIPAL WELL SITE ................. 61

3.3.1 Potential Applicable or Relevantand Appropriate Requirements.......... 61

3.3.2 Potential "To Be Considered"Requirements.......................... 72

4.0 PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF REMEDIALALTERNATIVES ...................................... 73

4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES ...... 734.2 EVALUATION CRITERIA .......................... 744.3 POST SCREENING FIELD ACTIVITIES .............. 774.4 IDENTIFICATION OF DATA REQUIREMENTS .......... 77

4.4.1 Groundwater .......................... 774.4.2 Surface Water ........................ 784.4.3 Sediment ............................. 784.4.4 Industry Survey ...................... 784.4.5 Air. .................................. 78

4.5 REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION/FEASIBILITY STUDYOBJECTIVES .................................. 78

5.0 SCOPE OF WORK ..................................... 80

5.1 TASK 1 - PROJECT PLANNING .................... 84

5.1.1 Phase I Project Planning - Subtask 1 .. 845.1.2 Phase II Project Planning - Subtask 2 .. 84

5.2 TASK 2 - COMMUNITY RELATIONS ................... 85

5.2.1 Community Relations ActivitiesPurina Project Planning - Subtask 2.1 ... 85

5.2.2 Community Relations Implementation —Subtask 2.2 . ............................ 85

5.2.3 Community Relations Support -Subtask 2.3 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

300437

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Confd)

SECTION PAGE

5.3 TASK 3 - FIELD INVESTIGATIONS .................. 86

5.3.1 Phase I Field Investigations(Subtask 3.1) ......................... 86

5.3.2 Phase II Field Investigations(Subtask 3.2) ......................... 103

5.4 TASK 4 - SAMPLE ANALYSIS/VALIDATION ............ 104

5.4.1 Phase I Sample Analysis/Validation(Subtask 1) ........................... 104

5.4.2 Phase II Sample Analysis/Validation(Subtask 2) ........................... 105

5.5 TASK 5 - DATA EVALUATION ....................... 105

5.5.1 Phase I Data Evaluation(Subtask 5.1) ......................... 105

5.5.2 Phase II Data Evaluation(Subtask 5.2) ......................... 106

5.6 TASK 6 - ASSESSMENT OF RISKS ................. 106

5.6.1 Phase I Assessment of Risks(Subtask 6.1) ......................... 106

5.6.2 Phase II Assessment of Risks .......... 107

5.7 TASK 7 - TREATABILITY STUDY/PILOT TESTING ...... 1085.8 TASK 8 - REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION REPORT ......... 108

5.8.1 Interim Remedial InvestigationReport (Subtask 8.1) .................. 108

5.8.2 Quality Control (Subtask 8.2) ......... 1095.8.3 Review Meetings (Subtask 8.3) ......... 1095.8.4 Final Remedial Investigation

Report (Subtask 8.4) .................. 109

5.9 TASK 9 - REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES SCREENING ....... 109

5.9.1 Review of Remedial Response ARARs(Subtask 9.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

7133b 300438

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)

SECTION PAGE

5.9.2 Identify Potential Alternatives(Subtask 9.2) ........................... 110

5.9.3 Remedial Alternative ScreeningfSubtask 9.31 ........................... 110

5.9.4 Interim Report (Subtask 9.4) ............ 110

5.10 TASK 10 - REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION .... 110

5.10.1 Alternative Analysis (Subtask 10.1) .... Ill5.10.2 Comparison of Alternatives

(Subtask 10.2> ......................... Ill

5.11 TASK 11 - FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT ............ 112

5.12 TASK 12 - POST RI/FS SUPPORT .................. 113

5.13 TASK 13 - ENFORCEMENT SUPPORT ................. 113

5.14 TASK 14 - MISCELLANEOUS SUPPORT ............... 113

5.15 TASK 15 - EPA PLANNING ........................ 113

6.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT APPROACH ........................ 114

6.1 ORGANIZATION AND APPROACH....................... 1146.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND DATA

MANAGEMENT...................................... 1166.3 PROJECT SCHEDULE................................ 1166.4 ESTIMATED PROJECT COSTS......................... 118

7.0 INTERFACE REQUIEMENTS .............................. 120

8.0 REFERENCES ......................................... 122

APPENDIX A - ANALYTICAL DATA ............................

APPENDIX B - URANIUM AND THORIUM DECAY SERIES............

IV7133b 300439

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

2- 1 Wells in Lodi and Surrounding Communities ...... 62- 2 Lodi Municipal Wells ........................... 102- 3 Average Uranium Contents of the Geologic

Environment .................................... 212- 4 Physical Properties of Contaminants ............ 302- 5 Radiological Contaminants in Lodi Area

Wells .......................................... 342- 6 Volatile Organics Compounds Detected in Lodi

Wells .......................................... 352- 7 Contaminants Exceeding New Jersey Groundwater

Criteria for Volatile Organics at LodiWellfield ...................................... 37

2- 8 Contaminants Exceeding New Jersey GroundwaterCriteria for Volatile Organics at LodiWellfield: Last Sampling Date .................. 38

2- 9 Inorganic Analytical Results ................... 392-10 Industrial Survey Results ...................... 412-11 Chemicals Currently Used at Hexcel ............. 53

3- 1 Lodi Radionuclides Possible Contamiant -Specific ARARs.................................. 63

3- 2 Lodi Organics Possible Contaminant -Specific ARARs.................................. 65

3- 3 Lodi Conventionals/OthersPossible Contaminant - Specific ARARs........... 69

4-1 Preliminary Remedial Alternatives .............. 75

5-1 Summary of Phase I Field Investigation ......... 815-2 Proposed Wells to be Samples ................... 975-3 Parameters to be Analyzed ...................... 99

3004407133b

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

1-1 Site Location Map ............................ 21-2 Location of Lodi Municipal Wells ............. 3

2-1 Borough of Lodi Water System Schematic ....... 112-2 Bedrock Geology of the Northeast New Jersey

Area ......................................... 152-3 Generalized Geologic Column t................. 162-4 Remedial Investigation Location.•••........... 52

5-1 Wells Selected for Logging ................... 925-2 Well Sampling Locations ...................... 985-3 Wells Selected for Packer Testing ............ 1005-4 Sediment, Surface Water and Stream Flow

Monitoring Locations ......................... 102

Figure 6.1 Project Organization Chart Lodi Municipal 115Well Site

Figure 6.2 Lodi Municipal Well Work Plant 117

300441

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This work plan describes the tasks and activities that will beundertaken to complete the Phase I Remedial Investigation (RI)of the Lodi Municipal Well site in Lodi, New Jersey. Asdirected, with the exception of Chapters 3 and 5/ all otherportions of the work plan have been adopted from the work planpreviously provided by EPA's REM-II contractor (Camp, Dresserand McKee Inc., 1987). Where required, minor changes have beenincorporated to conform to the revised chapters. General taskdescriptions for a feasibility study are also included. Thework will be performed for the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) under Work Assignment No. 364-2LS4 of EPA ContractNo. 68-01-6939.

1.1 SITE LOCATION AND HISTORY

The Lodi Municipal Well site is located in the Borough of Lodi,Bergen County, New Jersey (Figure 1-1). The site is south ofNew Jersey Route 4, west of the Hackensack River, north ofHasbrouck Heights, and east of the Passaic River. Elevatedgross alpha, gross beta, and uranium were detected at the HomePlace well, one of the Lodi municipal wells. Low levels ofvolatile organic compounds were also detected in the Home Placewell. Based upon the recommendations of EPA and the New JerseyDepartment of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), the Home Placewell was closed in late 1983. A hazard ranking of the HomePlace well was prepared in April 1984. A score of 33.39 wascomputed based on the reported radioactive contamination and noton the presence of volatile organics. This score makes the siteeligible for the National Priority List under the ComprehensiveEnvironmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act. Thelocation of the Home Place well is shown on Figure 1-2. Otherexisting and former Lodi municipal wells are located near ArnotStreet, Columbia Avenue, Garfield Avenue, Corabelle Avenue, HomePlace, Kimmig Avenue (4 wells), Lawrence Avenue, and TerraceAvenue (figure 1-2). The Corabelle Avenue and Kimmig Avenue No.six wells were abandoned shortly after construction because ofinadequate water production leaving nine wells at sevenlocations. Water drawn from the wells was chlorinated prior toentering the municipal distribution system.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), have been detected in all ofthe municipal wells of Lodi. A total of 14 different VOCs havebeen detected. Carbon tetrachloride and trichlorethene are thetwo compounds most commonly detected. Elevated levels oftrichloroethene have been detected in the Home Place well. TheGarfield Avenue well has been closed since 1981 because ofvolatile organic contamination. Tap water samples collectedfrom a local business (Donut Man) in 1985 by the Lodi WaterDepartment and NJDEP also revealed the presence of organiccompounds. The seven remaining municipal water supply wells in

7126b

300442

UII.KS

LODI MUNICIPAL WELL SITELODI. NEW JERSEY

Figure 1-1Site Location Map

Lodi Municipal Well Site

300443

BOROUGH BOUNDARY

WF.T.I.

• nd Haclccnsick, NJ Quadrinf Ifs, Photorevised 1961

LODI MUNICIPAL WELL SITELODI, NEW JERSEY

FIGURE 1-2LOCATIONS OF LODI MUNICIPAL WELLS

EBASCO SERVICES INCOKl'OIUTEL)l i > ^ W l \ I V ^ I W \ 1 L L /

300444

Loci were then sampled. Detectable levels of volatile organicswere found in all seven wells. All the municipal wells, exceptfor Terrace Avenue (where total volatile organics were detectedat 14.5 ug/1), were closed in April 1986. The Terrace Avenuewell was closed on June 1, 1987, under the direction of theNJDEP because of elevated levels of tetrachloroethene (6.8 ug/1).

Volatile organic contaminants, similar to those detected in theLodi municipal wells and tap water, have also been detected inthe municipal wells of the nearby towns of Wellington, Garfield,and Fair Lawn. These townships are currently treating the waterpumped from these wells or providing an alternate supply. Thepresence of volatile organics in other wells (private andindustrial) in this area has also been confirmed by variouslocal, state, and federal studies. The Borough of Lodi now getstheir potable water from Hackensack Water Company and thePassaic Valley Water Company.

1.2 SITE STATUS AND PROJECT TYPE

The Lodi Municipal Well site is an EPA program lead site and wasproposed for inclusion in group 12 of the National Priority List(NPL) in update No. 2, on October 15, 1984.

1.3 OVERVIEW

This Work Plan presents an evaluation of the Lodi Municipal Wellsite and the proposed tasks to be performed.

The Work Flan is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes:

o a description of the site and its history;

evaluation, including possiblean initial sitemigration pathways;

o a preliminary assessment of remedial alternatives;

o a description of pre-investigative activities;

o a remedial investigation scope of work;

o a feasibility study scope of work;

o a schedule of activities;

o a staffing plan;

o access requirements and planning; and

o interface requirements.

Volume 2 of this Work Plan provides the estimate of hours andbudget needed to complete the Phase I Rl for the project.

7126b 300445

2.0 SUMMARY OF EXISTING DATA

2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION

2.1.1 Environmental Setting

2.1.1.1 Surficial/Deir.ograph Features and fcell Conditions

The Lodi Municipal Well site consists of the Home Place well.However, eight other existing municipal wells are located at sixother locations throughout the Borough of Lodi. The populationof the Borough of Lodi is approximately 24,000 (Census 1980)with a density of approximately 10,461 persons per square mile.The Borough is very developed, with 61 percent of the land usedfor medium to high-density residential housing. Commercial landuse, primarily along major roads, accounts for 26 percent oftotal land use. Industrial applications constitute 6 percentand other uses 7 percent of total land use.

Much of Lodi consists of low elevation areas within thefloodplain of the Saddle River. Consequently, certain sectionsalong the Saddle River and Route 46 are frequently subject toflooding.

Many residential, production, monitoring and municipal wells arelocated within the Borough of Lodi. Table 2-1 presents a listof wells identified within the Borough of Lodi and selectedwells located in surrounding communities. Information on welldepths and date of construction, where available, is alsoprovided. Three residential wells have also been identified inthe Borough of Lodi. These wells were identified by theSuperintendent of the Lodi Water Works. However no well recordshave been found for those wells. The locations of these wellsare 270 Farnham Avenue, 37 Corabelle Avenue, and 160 PatersonAvenue. The NJDEP has confirmed that two of these wells werebeing used for potable water supply. Recently they sampled thewater from each and based on the results told one owner to ceaseuse of the water for drinking based on the presence of VOCs.Lodi's municipal wells are dispersed throughout the residentialand commercial areas of the Borough. The wells are housed insmall locked buildings (wood or concrete) and some aresurrounded by fences to deter vandalism. The following is asummary of the water distribution system of the Borough of Lodiand the condition of the municipal wells.

PSC Water Services of New Jersey, Inc. prepared a PilotOperational Review of the Borough of Lodi's Division of Waterfor the NJDEP that was dated March, 1984. Figure 2-1 isreproduced from that report and summarizes the installed wellpump capacities and presents a schematic of the water system.

300446

TABLE 2-1

WELLS IN LODI AND SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES

Address DepthDateinstalled Comments

COoo

59 Union Street

11 Gregg Street199 Garabaldi Avenue

199 Main Street

200 Gregg Street

Essex Street and Route 17

Arnot Street

Columbia Avenue

Corabelle AvenueGarfield Avenue

Home PlaceKimmig Avenue, fl

Kimmig Avenue, )C4

Kimmig Avenue. #5

Kimmig Avenue, #6

Lawrence Avenue

WELLS IN BOROUGH OF LODI

60' 12/31/65

185'-200'

8.5'-103' 8/81

Sealed 19833 wells, recycles from tank

1 well used for cooling, runscontinuously-recycles back intowell

29 monitoring wells, 1 water supplywell, pumps into large tank andused for fire standby

301'300'

300'

510'

470'

459'

595'

575'

515'

302'

12/11/564/11/60

1923

8/23/65

1/10/66

9/54

1965

1924

1924

1924

2 wells

10" casing

10" casing

Sealed

10" casing

8" casing

8" casing

8" casing

Sealed

373' 1946

7133b

TAB!

GOOO

00

WELLS IN LODI AND SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES(Continued)

Address

Terrace Avenue

169 Kennedy Drive

Route 17

210 Garabaldi

68 Essex Street

Depth

607'

150'

125'

20'

Dateinstalled

1954

1/53

10/27/82

Comments

1 well

1 well used for airconditioning only

1 well

4 wells, now Citgo or Amoco

270 Farnham

95 Grove Street

160 Paterson avenue

37 Corabelle Avenue

Hobart Street

311 Passaic Street

Home

Greenhouse

Home

Home

WELLS IN CITY OF GARFIELD

400' 2/10/82

63' 3/3/66

Passaic and Marsellus Place 130'

113 Farham Avenue

5 Fairway Avenue

11/22/65

303' 7/31/59

WELLS IN BOROUGH OF MAYWOOD

100' 12/18/65

7133b

Spring Valley Road andWest Pleasant Avenue

561 Spring Valley Road

60' 6/6/66

TABLE 2-1

WELLS IN LODI AND SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES(Continued)

DateAddress Depth installed Comments

121 East Hunter Avenue 315' 10/22/82

339 Golf Avenue 170' 2/11/66

113 Essex Street 400' 8/5/66

107 Essex Street 196' 6/14/66

100 West Hunter Avenue 15' 6/83 10 wells

157 Magnolia Avenue 155' 9/12/80

100 Magnolia Avenue 155' 10/28/80 High TCE and coliform

WELLS IN TOWNSHIP OF ROCHELLE PARK

12 Rochelle Avenue 600'

48 Woodland Avenue 100' 1954

111 Rochelle Avenue 130'

110 Rochelle Avenue 100' 5/4/63

Adapted from Camp, Dresser and McKee Inc., 1987

COooifchfitCO

7133b

An additional summary of well yields and related data ispresented on Table 2-2, which is reproduced from Table 2 of the1984 PSC report. The list of wells referenced on Figure 2-1includes 11 locations while the list in Table 2-2 only includesnine, deleting the Kimmig 6 and Corabelle Avenue wells sincethey have been abandoned due to low yield. Figure 2-1 alsolists the "Linden" and "Hamilton" wells which are referred to asKimmig Avenue wells throughout the rest of this report. Itshould be noted that the field inspection performed by the COMREM II team disclosed that the pump installed in Kimmig No. 4was a 25 hp pump rather than a 20 hp as identified in the reportby PSC.

The purpose of the PSC report was to provide an operationalreview of Lodi's Division of Water and did not include background data on the aquifer used for water supply purposes. ThePSC report references an October 1976 report by MSR Engineerswhich presumably contains additional useful data. The VSRReport is no longer available in local files and was notincluded in the PSC report since it was not pertinent to thereport's main objective.

1967 REM II Inspections

Two inspections of the Lodi well stations were made by the REMII team in February and April 1987. During these site visitsthe following information was gathered:

o Home Place Well

This well has been completely shut down. Theelectrical panel has been completely stripped. Thepump cannot be run to collect a sample. A turbine pumprests on the top of the well head, making access forwater level measurements impossible without removingthe pump. The bolts around the pump are rusted. Thiswell has a ten-inch diameter casing through theoverburden.

o Arnot Street Well

This well is ten-inches in diameter and has a 15horsepower vertical turbine pump. The electricalswitch gear is complete, and the well is assumed to beoperational.

o Garfield Avenue Well

This well has been shut off but the electrical systemis still present and in good condition. This pumpcould be turned on to collect a sample. The turbinepump rests directly on the well head, making the wellinaccessible for water level measurements. A new plugin the pump may make it possible to insert an electric

7126b 300450

TABLE 2-2

LODI MUNICIPAL WELLS

Location

Arnot Street

Kimmig Avenue No. 4

Kimmig Avenue No. 5

Kiirmig Avenue No. 7

Terrace Avenue

Lawrence Avenue

Columbia Avenue

Home Place

Garfielc Avenue

TOTAL YIELD

Yearconstructed

1923

1924

1924

1924

1954

1946

1946

1965

1954

Depth(feet)

300

518C

302

575C

607

373

409

595

453

Testyield3

(mgd)

0.240

0.151d

0.288d

0 .082d

0.350

0.763

0.634

0.382

0.229

3.119

Currentyield13

(mgd)

0.138

0.5076

0.257

0.225

0.181

0.059

1.367

Pumpcapacity(mgd)

0.324

0.324

0.324

0.720

0.216

0.216

Pumphp andtype15 (vertical)

20 (submersible)

20 (vertical)

20 (submersible)

25 (vertical)

40 (vertical)

40 (vertical)

25 (vertical)

a As reported by MSR Engineers, "Engineering study of the Water Supply System,"October 1976.

b Average yield for the period January 1982 through August 1983, computed on monthlybasis from Lodi records.

c Wells deepened in 1979.d Originally reported test yield prior to redevelopment.e Combined yield of all three Kimmig wells.

Source: PSC Water Services of New Jersey, Inc., Final Report Pilot Operational Reviewof Borough of Lodi Divsion of Water, 1984.

7126b iO 300451

IOUNDARY

EXISTING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

LEGEND

© WELL

H PUMP STATION

• ELEVATED STORAGE TANK

NOTE: MOST 6" MAINS k SMALLERARE NOT SHOWN

Name

BumsCorabelleHarrisonHarrison

StorageType

GroundGroundGroundElevated

Capacity(Gal)

2,300,0001,000,000

450,000200,000

Wells

Name

Amot *\Kimmig 14Linden *5Linden 16Hamilton 17GarfieldTerraceLawrenceColumbiaHome PlaceCorabella

Appro x.Depth(ft.)300518302308575453607373409595470

Booster Stations

Pump Capacity(GPM)

72257

No Pump7

1502255007

150250

Name Pump Capacity(GPM)

Kimmig 3 Pumps: 400, 600. 600Bums 3 Pumps: 700, 750, 1000Corabelle 2 Pumps: 600, 1500Harrison 2 Pumps:Garfield 2 Pumps: 1000, 1000

Source: PSC Water Services of New Jersey, Inc.,Final Report Pilot Operational Review ofBorough of Lodi Division of Water, 1984


Figure 2-1Borough of Lodi Water System Schematic


300452

sounder for water level measurements. The pump andattachments are not rusted. This location is also apump station.

o Terrace Avenue Well

Until June 1987, this well was in operation, puir.ping210 gallons per minute at a pumping level of 220 feetbelow grade. This well could easily be sampled from aspigot located immediately after the pump. Althoughwater level measurements cannot be collected because ofthe presence of the turbine pump, a water levelindicator is present at the well head. The accuracy ofthis indicator is not known, but it appears to be ingood condition (not rusted).

o Columbia Avenue Well and Lawrence Avenue Well

These wells are similar in design and construction tothe Terrace Avenue well. These wells are not inoperation at the present time, but probably could beturned on to collect a sample. Because of the presenceof turbine pumps in these wells, water levelmeasurements cannot be taken. These wells haveten-inch diameter casing through the overburden.

o Kimmig Avenue Wells

Three wells, 4, 5, and 7, surround the Kimmig Avenuepump station. None of the wells have electricservice. Kimmig well number 4 has a submersible pumpthat is probably operational. Well number 5 has avertical turbine pump that may be operational, however,water level measurements may not be collected. Kimmigwell number 7 has a submersible pump that is probablynot operational. The wells with submersible pumps haveeasier access than the wells with turbine pumps.

Before these three wells were closed, water from thesewells flowed into a central pump station and out intothe distribution line. The Kimmig Avenue station alsoserves as a field office for water works personnel.These wells have eight-inch diameter casings throughthe overburden.

Kimmig Avenue number 6 (Linden) or Corabelle Avenue wells werenot visited during either site inspection by CDM.

1988 REM III Inspections

A site visit was made to the reported Corabelle Avenue Welllocaton in Lodi, and the Hobart Well in Garfield, duringFebruary, 1988. At the Corabelle Avenue Site, no well was

12 300453

observed. A Lodi Borough employee stated that he did not knowof any existing wells at the site. In Garfield a resident ofthe area stated that the well was no longer used by Garfield.At the approximate site location, an old well casing wasobserved. The casing was plugged with concrete indicating thatit cannot be used for sampling. The location of the majority ofthe other wells have been corroborated.

2.1.1.2 Topography

The topography of the area within the borders of the Borough ofLodi is shown on the Hackensack and Weehawken U.S. GeologicalSurvey (USGS) 7.5' quadrangle maps and the New Jersey GeologicalSurvey's (NJGS) Geological Map of New Jersey.

Floodplains and gently sloping hills are the dominant landformswithin the Borough of Lodi. The elevation of the land surfaceranges from less than 10 feet to greater than 160 feet abovemean sea level. Maximum relief is approximately 150 feet. Thelowest areas are the floodplains along the Saddle River, and thehighest elevations are along the western border in the northernsection of the Borough.

The Saddle River flows from the northeast to the southwestthrough the center of Lodi. Stormwater drains into the SaddleRiver via storm sewers, sheetflow, and small streams. Floodingis a commonplace and often serious problem in Lodi, especiallyin the areas immediately adjacent to the Saddle River.

2.1.1.3 Geology

Regional Geologic Setting

Information regarding the geology of the Lodi site area has beencompiled from the works of F.B. Van Houten (1969), Paul E. Olsen(1980), and Hugh Houghton (1986), and Parker, Houghton, andMcDowell (1987).

The site is located within the Piedmont Physiographic Provinceand is underlain by rocks of the Triassic Newark Basin.According to Van Houten (1969), the basin is a maximum of 32miles wide (at the Delaware River) and approximately 100 mileslong. The trend and strike of formations in the Newark basin isnortheast to southwest. The dip of Newark Basin formations inthe Lodi area is 7 to 16 degrees to the northwest (Parker,Houghton, and McDowell 1987). A fault system along thenorthwest edge of the Newark Basin forms the boundary with theHighlands Province. Along the southeast margin, the NewarkBasin is overlapped by the unconsolidated sediments of theCoastal Plain Province.

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Three sedimentary formations are found in the Newark Basin, theStockton Formation, the Lockatong Formation and the BrunswickFormation (figure 2-2). These sediments were deposited influvial and lacustrine environments (Lake Lockatong) during theTriassic Period. In the Lodi area, these sediments are overlainby a thin veneer of glacial material (figure 2-3).

Stockton Formation

The Stockton Formation is largely composed offluvially-deposited gray, red, and buff, medium- tocoarse-grained, feldspar rich, cross-bedded sandstone withinclusions of red mudstone, siltstone, and fine sandstone. TheStockton Formation is conformably overlain by the LockatongFormation.

Lockatong Formation

The Lockatong Formation is generally made up of gray and blacksiltstones and mudstones (commonly calcareous). The appearanceof these dark-colored siltstones and mudstones overlying thelighter-colored sediments of the Stockton Formation delineatesthe contact with the Stockton Formation. The LockatongFormation exhibits the presence of two types of sedimentarycycles: detrital cycles and chemical cycles. During detritalcycles, the sediments deposited are primarily particulates.Carbonates precipitated from solution form the bulk of thesediments deposited during chemical cycles.

Brunswick Formation

The Lockatong Formation conformably grades into the BrunswickFormation. The contact between the two formations is defined asthe location where the red beds of the Brunswick Formationdominate the darker beds of the Lockatong Formation. In areaswhere the Lockatong Formation is not present, the BrunswickFormation overlies the Stockton Formation or, in some instances,rests directly on basement rock. Fed siltstone and mudstonedominate the sedimentary facies of the Brunswick Formation, withsome sandstone and conglomerate. The formation generally finesupward and, like the Lockatong Formation was deposited insedimentary cycles.

Also found within the Brunswick Formation are basalt flowsemplaced contemporanously with the sediments, andpost-depositional diabase and gabbro sills, and dikes.

Brunswick Formation, Passaic Member

The nomenclature for the Brunswick Formation has recentlyundergone revision. Olsen (1980) has recommended abandoning theuse of "Brunswick Formation" subdividing the unit into nineindividual formations with new names. USGS has accepted this

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LEGENDDsk SkunnemunkDb Bellevale &

KorouscSdl Decker & LongwoodSgp Greenpond & Longwood

Ch HoidystonCl LeithsvillePcb Precambrian

Trb BrunswickTrs StocktonTibs BasaltTrds DiabaseTrl LockatongTrc Border Conglomerate

Kmr Raritan-Magotby

0 STUDY AREA- - - DRAINAGE BASIN

SOURCE: Water Quality Management PlansDivision of Water ResourcesN.J. Department of Environmental Protection

MILES LODI MUNICIPAL WELL SITELODI, NEW JERSEY

Figure 2-2Bedrock Geology of the

Northeast New Jersey AreaEBASCO SERVICES INCORPORATED

300456

FIGURE 2-3GENERALIZED GEOLOGIC COLUMN

LODI, NEW JERSEY

GeologicMaterial

Fill

Till

PassaicMember

BrunswickFormation

S

Lockatong

ApproximateThickness

0- 30'

0-40 '

3000'

Not Estimated

Description

Material is variable, may include clay, silt, sand, gravel or man madematerials. Deleterious materials may be included. The fill may be saturated insome areas.

The glacial till is predominantly sands. However, clay is present locally. Thebase of the till is typified by a boulder or coarse gravel layer. A shallowaquifer is generally present in this unit.

Alternating layers of sandstone and shale or siltstone predominate in this unit.The shale is generally fractured and yields more water than the less fractured,indicating sandstone. The shallower rocks are more fractured than deeperrocks. The Lodi Municipal Wells are completed in this unit. Some naturallyelevated levels of uranium have been detected in Northeast New Jersey in thelower portions of this unit.

Grey and black siltstone and mudstones. Elevated levels of uranium have beenfound at several locations. This unit is over 2000' below the base of thedeepest Lodi well.

3004f.7

new system, provided that these formations be collectivelydescribed as the Brunswick Group. The NJGS prefers that thename Brunswick Formation be retained, but advocates the use ofOlsen's nomenclature to describe the members of the formation.This report will utilize the NJGS system, and will focus on thePassaic Member of the Brunswick Formation because it is the onlymember present in the Lodi Municipal well site.

The Passaic Member is the oldest and thickest member of theBrunswick Formation, and in most areas, conformably overlies theLockatong Formation where that formation is present, or overliesthe Stockton Formation where the Lockatong Formation is absent.Along the western margin of the Newark Basin, the Passaic Memberwas deposited directly on the basement rocks. The deposition ofthese sediments occurred in late Triassic time in a lacustrineenvironment (Lake Lockatong). The thickness of the PassaicMember in the area of Lodi is estimated to be 3,000 feet (Ash,1987).

The Passaic Member consists of mudstones, siltstones,sandstones, and conglomerates deposited in chemical and detritalsedimentary cycles. This member becomes coarser to the north,and major conglomerates exist along the northern border of thebasin. The dominant colors are shades of red, with beds ofblack and gray. The base of the Passaic Member is defined asthe location where the red beds exceed 50 percent of the section(Parker, et al., 1987). Most fossils occur within the gray andblack facies, and bioturbation and fossil evidence of reptilesoccur in the upper Passaic Member.

The presence of sedimentologically distinct and mappablelithofacies units has prompted the subdivision of the PassaicMember into four separate units (Parker and Houghton, 1987,Olsen 1980). The basal unit, Unit 1, is characterized by thicksequences of interclated siltstones and mudstones that typicallyfine in an upwards direction. Bioturbated sedimentarystructures are a common feature of Unit 1 as are the crossbedsandstone beds that occur as relict channel and floodplaindeposits.

Overlying Unit 1 are the sandstone facies of Unit 2. Thesesandstones gradually replace the mudstones of the basal PassaicMember and reflect the increased-energy fluvial channelenvironments of deposition.

Characterizing Unit 2 sandstones is a fine to medium grainedmatrix, crossbedding features and a mineralogy rich in feldsparsand micas. These sandstones typify the Passaic Member at theLodi study area.

Conformably overlying Unit 2 rocks are the coarse grainedsandstones of Unit 3. These thick pebbly beds range from flat

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laminated layers to trough crossbedded units. They reflectdeposition in high velocity streams. Similarly, Unit 4conglomerate sandstones show signs of deposition in high-energyfluvial and flood plain environments and show considerablevariation in character throughout the Newark basin - presumablyas a function of provenance and parent material.

The large scale fractures in the Passaic Member are vertical ornearly vertical, and form acute angles to the strike of thebeds. Small scale (1 to 5 millimeter) fractures occur in themudstone in the Passaic Member. These fractures determine thedirection and nature of local ground water flow. Larger scalefractures are dominant in the sandstone facies, and are themajor factors controlling regional ground water flow.

Hydrogeology of the Passaic Member

The Passaic Member of the Brunswick Formation is among the mostimportant aquifers in Bergen County. Tabular aquitards andaquifers characterize the Passaic Member. They were formed bythe sequential interlayering of rock types with contrastingpermeabilities (mudstones and sandstones). In general, poorhydraulic connection exists between the aquifers, however,secondary permeability resulting from the fracture system hasincreased the connection between water-bearing rock units.

Ground water flow in the Passaic Member is controlled by twomechanisms reflecting lithologic contrasts. Where the lithologycontrast is high, intensely fractured rock (mudstones) may be incontact with regionally fractured rock (sandstones). Thepervasively fractured mudstone forms the aquifer, and the dip ofthe bedding can have significant influence on the flow of groundwater. The regionally fractured sandstone acts as an aquitardbecause it does not exhibit the greater permeability associatedwith the microfractured mudstone. Where this lithology contrastis low or absent, the strike of the large-scale fractures is thedominant control of flow (Houghton, 1986).

Although Bergen County data is unavailable, studies of the waterresources in nearby Passaic County and the Hackensack RiverBasin have been performed by Carswell (1976), and Carswell andRooney (1976). Because of the proximity of these areas to thesite, the data generated by the studies are useful incharacterizing the Passaic Member of the Brunswick Formation asan aquifer. In northeastern New Jersey, recharge to thisaquifer is greatest in valleys (especially preglacial valleys)where the overburden is at its thickest. This is also thelocation of the majority of the high-yielding wells.

In the 200 to 600-foot deep fracture zone, the upper 200 feetare the most important for water supply (Carswell, 1976). InPassaic County, domestic supply wells are usually 150 to 200feet deep and yield an average of 16 gallons per minute (gpin).

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Industrial wells are constructed between 200 to 400 feet deep,and yields range from 20 to 510 gpm (Carswell and Rooney,1976). Well records from the Lodi area indicate that mostresidential wells are less than 150 feet in depth.

On a regional basis, ground water flows from the northeast tothe southwest along the regional fractures in the PassaicMember. It is assumed that the Passaic River is a dischargezone for this aquifer. Flow in the overburden (glacial aquifer)is towards localized discharge points such as local streams,including the Saddle River in Lodi.

Water quality varies from place to place and is characterized asmedium to very hard. The hardness of the water is based uponthe occurrence of calcium and magnesium sulfate. The presenceof sodium chloride has also been reported. In urban andindustrial areas, manmade contamination contributes to thedegradation of water quality (Carswell and Rooney, 1976).

Glacial Geology

The glacial sediments in the Lodi area consist of stratifieddrift of Wisconsin age. Clay deposits of glacial Lake Passaicare interbedded within the stratified drift sediments in theLodi area. A highly porous and permeable rubble zone oftenexists at the base of this type of glacial deposit which mayprovide a contaminant transport pathway to the Passaic Member.In northern New Jersey, the glacial material ranges from 15 feetto as much as 300 feet thick. However, in the Lodi area, theglacial overburden ranges in thickness between 15 and 40 feetand is not used as a water source.

2.1.1.4 Uranium Occurrences and Geochemistry

The purpose of this section is to evaluate the potential fornaturally occurring radioactivity to be affecting ground waterin the Passaic Member. Elevated uranium concentrations detectedin the Home Place well water may be due to a naturally occurringradioactive source. This, however, does not preclude thepossibility of radioactive source(s) from upgradient industrialactivities.

Uranium Occurrences

The occurrence of uranium in the sedimentary rocks of the NewarkBasin has been described by Turner-Peterson (1980),Turner-Peterson and others (1985) and Zapecza, (1987). Theuranium mineralization described in those papers occursprincipally within the Stockton and Lockatong Formationsalthough Zapecza indentifies uranium in the lower portion of thePassaic Member. The Home Place well lies above both of theseformations and is apparently in the middle of the Passaic

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member. All three formations have similar depositionalhistories and therefore a localized radioactive zone may existin the zone of the Passaic Member where the Home Place well iscompleted.

Lockatong Formation

Uranium is found in the Lockatong Formation in numerous zoneswithin the black mudstones. These zones range from less than ahalf meter to greater than two meters thick and are laterallycontinuous (Turner-Peterson, 1980; Parker/ Houghton, andMcDowell, 1987). Concentrations of uranium range as high as0.01 to 0.02 percent UsOg (Turner-Peterson, 1980). Table2-3 lists the average uranium contents of the earth's crust, seawater, and common rock types.

Uraniferous black mudstones are representative of an euxinicoffshore-lacustrine facies of fine-grained mudstones andcarbonates that were deposited in the center of the Newark Basin(Triassic Lake Lockatong). Reducing conditions that existed atthe bottom of the lake promoted the deposition of sulfides(pyrite), the accumulation of organic material (humate), and themineralization of uranium. The presence of high concentrationsof organic matter maintained a reducing environment in themudstones. Vvhen uraniferous ground waters and lake waters cameinto contact with the mudstones. the oxidized uranium (U+6) inthe waters was reduced to U"*"* and precipitated as uraniumminerals, which adsorbed onto available organic matter. Themudstones are very fine-grained and evenly bedded, lack burrows,and co not exhibit any sedimentary structures that could havebeen produced by currents, indicating a very low energydepositional environment. The uranium found in these mudstoneswas mineralized during the deposition of the mudstones and istherefore known as a syngenetic uranium mineralization.

Stockton Formation

In the Stockton Formation, uranium concentrations are found ingray, thin-bedded to massive sandstones. These sandstones arecharacteristic of a marginal-lacustrine environment which isoxygen rich and poor in organics. Light gray clay clasts andsmall pods of pyrite are intimately associated with themineralized zones. These deposits are found along beddingplanes and in broad scour surfaces. There is no visibleevidence of plant or animal debris, but the uranium is locatedin an area high in organic carbon, as evidenced by a sampletaken from the mineralized zone (Turner-Peterson, 1980). Theuranium anc organic carbon found in the gray sandstone facies ofthe Stockton formation were deposited after sedimentation byunique stratigraphic and geochemical conditions.

In some areas of the Stockton Formation there exists a uniquejuxtaposition of facies. Marginal-lacustrine sandstone (lake

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TABLE 2-3

AVERAGE URANIUM CONTENTS OF THE GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT3

Crustal abundance

Sea water

Basalt

Andesite

2

0

0

2

Fpm

.003 ppm

. 5 ppm

ppm

Granite

Shale

Sandstone

Limestone

4 ppm

3.2 ppm

2.2 ppm

1.3 ppm

a Maximum reported concentration of uranium species at the Home Placwell is .298 ppm or 202 picocuries per liter (pCi/1) (7/15/84).

Source: DeVoto, R.H. 1978. Uranium Geology and Exploration. GoldenColorado: Colorado School of Mines.

217126b 300462

shoreline) facies are intimately associated with black mudstonesof an offshore-lacustrine (lake bottom) facies. Thisjuxtapositioning of facies is unique because thenearshore-lacustrine facies, which would usually be locatedbetween the marginal and offshore facies, are not present. Thisunique juxtapositioning of facies creates the mechanism andconditions necessary for the mineralization of uranium in themarginal-sandstone facies of the Stockton Formation.

The mechanism for accumulation of uranium in the gray sandstonesin the Stockton Formation (oxidized) is as follows. The nearbyoffshore-lacustrine mudstones that are interbedded with thesandstones served as source rocks for soluble organic carbon.During compaction of the mudstone layers, soluble organic carbonwas expelled from the mudstone layers and precipitated in thenearby sandstone beds. This organic carbon migrated from asource within the mudstone rocks to the sandstone which acted asa host rock (the sandstone) for uranium mineralization. Oncethe carbon arrived in the sandstone, it was able to fix anyuranium in the ground water that later moved through thesandstone. This uranium accumulation was created after thedeposition of the host sediments, and is therefore known as anepigenetic uranium mineralization.

The Stockton and Lockatong Formations represent themineralization of uranium in two distinct depositionalenvironments, and as the result of two different mechanisms.The Lockatong Formation contains syndepositionally mineralizeduranium, whereas the Stockton Formation contains uranium whosechemical agent of mineralization was soluble organic matterderived from nearby mudstones. However, the geochemicalprocesses that served to mineralize the uranium are similar inboth instances. The oxidized uranium (U"1"^) present in theground water was reduced to U+4 by the reducing environmentcreated by the presence of large concentrations of organicmatter. It is possible that because of similar environments ofdeposition, similar provenance areas and similar postdepositional conditions, both syngenetic and epigeneticmineralization may have occurred in the Passaic Member of theBrunswick Formation (Zapecza, 1987). Natural gamma ray logsdeployed in wells intersecting the Lockatong-Passaic contactexhibit thin but laterally extensive zones of highradioactivity, while radionuclide concentrations in the UpperPassaic Members are considerably lower (Zapecza, 1987).

Brunswick Formation

The Passaic Member of the Brunswick Formation is the basal rockunit in the Brunswick Formation. The thickness of the PassaicMember in the Lodi area is estimated at 3,000 feet (Ash, 1987).In all but the northern extremities of the Newark basin, theBrunswick is underlain by the Lockatong Formation (Parker andHoughton, 1987). The contact between the two formations is

227126b 300463

defined as the point at which the percentage of red elasticsdominate gray and black. The contact is gradational, bydefinition, but is an applicable field mapping guide for theentire basin.

On the basis of the contact definition, it is clear that asignificant percentage of the basal portions of the PassaicMember is composed of black and gray mudstone beds. These rocksare similar in lithology and depositional environment to thedarker facies of the Lockatong Formation. Similarly, theserocks are capable of containing syndepositionally mineralizeduranium (Zapecza 1987). Also, facies relationships exist in thePassaic Member that could allow epigenetic uraniummineralization of the type found in the Stockton Formation(Zapecza 1987).

Wells drilled deep into the Passaic Member near the contact withthe Lockatong Formation (in the northeastern corner of thestate) have been found to contain elevated levels of the grossalpha radioactivity and uranium (Zapecza 1987). Therefore, thepotential for the existence of a natural source of gross alphaand uranium does exist for the Passaic Member of the BrunswickFormation near the Borough of Lodi. However, the Passaic Memberexposed in the Lodi area is not the lowest Passaic Member whichis in contact with the Lockatong Formation. The sediments inthe Lodi area are a part of the middle Passaic Member and maynot contain many gray and black mudstones in which highradionuclide concentrations are associated. Therefore, anycontribution of uranium to the shallow (less than 600 feet belowground surface) ground water from uranium in the deeper units inthe Lodi area would have to come from very deep levels near thebase of the Passaic Member or from Upper Passaic Member stratathat typically has low radionuclide concentrations.

The depth of the Passaic Member-Lockatong Formation contact isnot known, but is probably greater than the depths from whichground water is pumped at Lodi. The reduced permeabilities ofthis aquifer at great depths are due to closure of fractures asa result of lithostatic loading. Therefore, it is unlikely thatlarge amounts of uraniferous ground water is migratingup-section to contaminate shallow ground water at Lodi. Majorfracture zones could provide a migration pathway for suchuraniferous ground waters, but the existence of such fractureshas not been verified. Also, it is possible that shallowerzones within the Passaic Member are uraniferous, however, theoccurrence of these shallow potential uranium sources do notappear as extensive as they are in deeper units of the PassaicMember.

Uranium Geochemistry

The purpose of this section is to provide the reader with arudimentary understanding of uranium geochemistry. This

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information will clarify the chemical properties of uraniumwhich control its mobility and mineralization in the geologicenvironment. These chemical properties are applicable touranium found in the natural environment regardless of itsorigin (naturally occurring or manmade).

The geochemical properties of uranium isotopes and its daughtersdetermine the behavior of these materials in the environment.Important aspects of the behavior of these materials includesolubility (mobility)/ longevity, and formal potentials. Thechemical properties of the environment in which uranium is foundalso has dramatic effects upon the chemical behavior ofuranium. Acidity, oxygen concentration, carbonate and phosphateconcentrations, and temperature all strongly affect the chemicalbehavior of uranium. The following discussion of thegeochemical properties of uranium is taken largely from DeVoto(1978), Dyck (1978), and Langmuir (1978).

Uranium is the heaviest naturally occurring element. Its atomicnumber is 92 and its atomic weight is 238.03. Naturallyoccurring isotopes and their respective weight percentabundances are U-238 (99.28 percent); U-235 (0.71 percent); andU-234 (0.0054 percent). All uranium isotopes are radioactive,but only U-235 is readily fissionable. The half-life of U-238is 4.51 x 10y years, U-235 is 7.1 x 108 years, and U-234 is2.48 x 10 years. Refer to appendix E for uranium and thoriumdecay chain series. Uranium has six more electrons than theinert gas radon, and all six electrons may participate inbonding. The most common oxidation states found in thehydrosphere are U+4 (in reduced environments) and U+6 (inoxidized environments).

Concentrations of uranium are usually expressed as U30s,which is not a compound but a stoichiometric material. The truecompound is U+402. 2U+603. U+60^2 is reduced toU+4 in the presence of H2S. At a higher pH, this reductionis less easily achieved. This reduction is usually accompaniedby the precipitation of U"1"4 as U02 (uraninite) or other morecomplex minerals.

Solution Chemistry of Uranium

The behavior of uranium in aqueous systems depends upontemperature, oxidation state of the system, pH, activity ofother dissolved components, and pressures (especially partialpressures of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and so forth).

In reducing environments, the solubility of uraninite(U+402) is extremely low at normal pH. Acidic water(especially those associated with soils) increases thesolubility of uraninite. Temperature has a profound affect onuraninite solubility. Uraninite is 500 times more soluble at100°C than at 25°C. At a pH of less than 3, uranous

24 3004R57126b

fluoride complexes (UF+3) increase uranium solubility. Theprecipitation of fluorite (CaF2) can reduce U solubilityand cause the precipitation of uraninite.

In oxidizing environments the solubility of(schoepite, a uranium mineral) is very low at normal pH (6 to 8)in the absence of complexing anions. The effect of acid watersfrom soils is to increase the solubility of schoepite. Thecomplexing anions that serve to increase uranium solubility arecarbonate, hydroxide, phosphate, sulfate, and, perhaps,silicate. Carbonate ions, when present, serve to increaseuranium solubility dramatically. Organic complexes are alsoimportant in affecting uranium solubility. These factors thusdetermine the mobility of uranium in surface and ground waters.

2.1.1.5 Hydrology

The major surface water body at the Lodi site is the SaddleRiver. There are also several minor unnamed streams. Groundwater occurs in the pore spaces in the 15- to 40-foot thickoverburden and in fractures in the underlying consolidatedbedrock. The overburden aquifer is recharged locally byrainfall and in turn recharges the bedrock aquifer. Topographyis the dominant control of flow in the overburden, and dischargeis to local streams. Flow in the bedrock aquifer ispredominantly along northeast to southwest striking fractures,and discharge is thought to be to the Passaic River.Seasonally, surface streams and rivers may recharge the aquifersrather than accept discharge from them.

2.1.1.6 Surface Water

This summary was derived from the Hackensack and Weehawken USGS7.5' quadrangle maps and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' LowerSaddle River Flood Protection Study (1984). The largest waterbody within the Borough of Lodi is the Saddle River. The SaddleRiver flows from northeast to southwest, and roughly bisects theBorough. Several smaller streams, surface runoff, and aquiferdischarge contribute water to the river.

Flooding of low-lying areas is common in Lodi. The conclusionof the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' report was that majorrechanneling would be required to prevent damage during floodperiods. This work has not begun to date.

Approximately 0.5 miles south of the Borough of Lodi, the SaddleRiver discharges into the Passaic River. The Hackensack Riverflows in a north to south direction in the town of Hackensack,approximately 2 miles east of Lodi.

2.1.2 Site History

The Lodi Water Department has been supplying the water needs ofthe Borough of Lodi since the early 1900s. Between 1923 and

7126b 3004R6

1966, 11 water supply wells were constructed and connected to adistribution system with several booster stations. Two of thewells were abandoned shortly after construction because of pooryield. Table 2-2 lists the nine existing wells, and the depth,yield, and date of construction of each well.

In April 1981, water samples from the Arnot Street, GarfieldAvenue, and Home Place wells were sampled for VOC by the NJDEP.Total VOCs exceeding the NJDEP-DWR guidance for potable waterwere detected in both the Arnot Street and Garfield Avenuewells. Total VOC concentrations in the Home Place well werebelow the NJDEP guidelines. The compounds found at the highestconcentrations in these wells were trichloroethene and carbontetrachloride. In June 1981, the Arnot Street and GarfieldAvenue wells were closed at the request of NJDEP because of thecontamination problem.

Additional sampling for VOCs in all the Lodi municipal supplywells, other area wells, and point of use (tap) was conducted byNJDEP and the Lodi Water Department between 1981 and 1986. Thepresence of VOC contamination in the Arnot Street and GarfieldAvenue wells was confirmed and additional contaminated wellswere identified. A summary of these sampling events ispresented in Appendix A. The analytical results are discussedin Section 2.2.3.

In October 1981, Kimmig Avenue well No. 4 was also found toexceed the NJDEP-DWR guidance for potable water (primarily dueto trichloroethene contamination). The combined flow from theKimmig Avenue Station, which includes Kimmig Avenue wells No. 4,5, and 7, die not exceed the guidelines. Well No. 4 was nottaken out of service because of its importance in maintainingadequate flow and pressure within a portion of the distributionsystem.

In December 1982, NJDEP instructed the Borough of Lodi toimplement a treatment system for the contaminated wells by theend of 1984 if the Arnot Street and Garfield Avenue wells wereto be brought back on line, and if the Kimmig Avenue No. 4 wellwas to continue operating. Until treatment was implemented,weekly sampling of these wells for volatile organics would berequired. The Borough of Lodi responded that treatmentalternatives would be evaluated, although neither a study ofalternatives nor a treatment program has been implemented todate. Meanwhile, contaminant levels in the Arnot Street welldeclined, allowing the well to be placed back into service inJanuary 1983.

In September 1983, NJDEP tested the Home Place, Garfield Avenue,Kimmig Avenue, and Lawrence Avenue wells for radiologicalcontaminants as part of a remedial investigation being performedat the Maywood/Stepan Chemical Company site. Thorium and other

') h3004R7

radioactive materials had previously been processed at this siteand contamination had been documented to travel offsite. Levelsof gross alpha activity (58.7 + 4.1 pCi/1) and gross betaactivity (54.6 + 2.6 pCi/1) were detected in the Home Placewell. Subsequent sampling of this well by NJDEP revealed grossalpha radiation activities approximately equal to or greaterthan the initial results (Spayd, 1984). Gross beta was detectedat 26.3 + 2.2 pCi/L in December 1983. The gross alphaactivities were attributed primarily to the presence of uraniumisotopes U-234 and U-238. A summary of the radiological data ispresented in appendix A. The Home Place well was closed becauseof the presence of elevated levels of radioactivity in December1983.

A hazard ranking of the Home Place well was performed in April1984. A score of 33.39 was computed based on radioactivecontamination of a drinking water source. A score above 28.5makes the site eligible for the National Priority List under theComprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and LiabilityAct (CERCLA).

In June 1985, a tap water sample collected by the Lodi WaterDepartment from a local business (Donut Man) was found tocontain VOC's, including tetrachloroethene (7 ug/1),tirchloroethene (82 ug/1), and carbon tetrachloride (7 ug/1).The presence of volatile organics at this location was confirmedin subsequent testing by NJDEP. Consequently the sevenoperating Lodi wells were sampled, with detectable levels ofvolatile organics found in all the wells. As a result, all ofthe Lodi municipal wells, except the Terrace Avenue well (totalVOCs 14.5 ug/1), were closed in April 1986. On June 1, 1987,the Terrace Avenue well was closed because of elevated levels oftetrachloroethene (6.8 ug/1). Water for the Borough of Lodi iscurrently being supplied by Hackensack Water Company and thePassaic Valley Water Company.

2.2 CONTAMINATION PROBLEM DEFINITION

2.2.1 Contaminants Identified at The Site

Elevated levels of gross alpha and gross beta radiation havebeen detected in the Home Place well and in a few commercialestablishments. The alpha contamination has been attributedprimarily to uranium isotopes. In addition, VOC's have beendetected in the Lodi municipal wells since 1981. Most of thesecontaminants are short-chained halogenated hydrocarbons such ascarbon tetrachloride, trichloroethene, and trihalomethanes.

The radioactive contamination may be from either a raanmade or anatural source. An investigation involving radioactive andchemical contamination is currently being conducted by USDOE andUSEPA, respectively, in the adjacent town of Maywood at the

7126b27 3004R8

Stepan Chemical site. That site had previously been used forprocessing radioactive thorium. There is no conclusive evidencefrom currently available data to directly link the contaminationat the two sites.

The source(s) of the VOC contamination has not yet beenidentified. The presence of similar contaminants in othermunicipal water supplies (from wells) surrounding the Borough ofLodi may indicate a regional ground water contaminationproblem.

Table 2-4 lists the compounds detected in the Lodi wells alongwith their physical properties, including specific gravity,solubility, melting point, and boiling point. The most commonuses of each of these chemicals are described in the followingparagraphs.

Radioactive Contaminants

Uranium - The most common isotope of uranium is U-238, whichconstitutes 99 percent of all natural uranium. Less commonisotopes are U-234 (0.006 percent) and U-235 (0.7 percent).Uranium is used primarily as an energy source in electric powergeneration and in atomic weapons.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

The chlorinated hydrocarbons found at the site include saturatedand unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. As illustrated in table2-4, the chlorinated hydrocarbons detected at the site are allheavier than water, with specific gravities ranging from 1.107to 1.624. The compounds have varying solubilities in water.Because these compounds are denser than water, they may nottravel in the same direction as ground water flow, but couldsink through the water and flow downdip along the fractures andpermeability contrasts.

Many of these compounds are used as solvents for a variety oforganic materials and several can be found in consumerproducts. Common applications include metal degreasing and usein paints and paint removers. Specific applications forindividual chemicals are:

Carbon tetrachloride - Carbon tetrachloride is used in metaldegreasing and semiconductor products, paint and inkformulations, rubber processing, and as a refrigerant andagricultural fumigant. It is not permitted for use in homeproducts.

1,2-Dichloroethane - 1,2-Dichloroethane is used in antiknockgasoline, paint, varnish, and finish removers, metaldegreasers and soaps as well as in organic synthesis andother applications.

287126b

3004B9

1,1-Dichloroethane - 1,1-Dichloroethane is used as a solventand fumigant.

trans-l,2-Dichloroethene - trans-1,2-Dichloroethene is usedas a solvent, and in dye extraction, perfumes, and lacquers.

1,1,1-Trichloroethane - 1,1,1-Trichloroethane is used as asolvent for cleaning precision instruments and is used inpesticides, metal degreasing, and textile processing.

Trichloroethene - Trichloroethene is used in metaldegreasing, solvent dyeing, dry cleaning, textileprocessing, cleaning and drying electronic parts, and inpaints and adhesives.

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane - 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane isused as a dry cleaning agent, in cleaning and degreasingmetals, as well as in weed killers, insecticides, and paintremovers.

Methylene chloride - Methylene chloride is used as asolvent, paint remover, and degreaser.

Chlorobenzene - Chlorobenzene is used as a solvent, as achemical intermediate, and in heat transfer.

Triha1omethanes

Chloroform - Chloroform is frequently encountered at lowconcentrations in drinking water as a result ofchlorination. It is also used in fluorocarbon refrigerants,fumigants, and insecticides.

Bromoform - Bromoform is used as an intermediate in organicsynthesis; in geological assaying; and as a solvent forwaxes, greases, and oils. Bromoform is frequentlyencountering at low concentrations in drinking water as aresult of bromination.

Pibromochloromethane - This compound is used in organicsynthesis.

2.2.2 Hazard of Contaminants

The compounds listed in table 2-4 have varying toxic propertiesand hazardous characteristics. Toxicity and other relevantproperties including carcinogenicity and mutagenicity arediscussed in the following paragraphs.

2.2.2.1 Radioactive Contaminants

Uranium is the only radioactive contaminant found in excesslevels at the site. While alpha and beta radiation are known as

297126b

300470

OJo

TABLE 2-4

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CONTAMINANTS

Compound

Uranium-238Carbon TetrachlorideBromoformBromodi chl oromethaneDibromochloromethane

1 ,2-Dichloroethane1,1 -Di chl oroe thane1,2-Di chl oroethene (Trans)

1.1 , 1-TrichloroethaneTri chl oroethene1,1,2, 2-Tet rachl oroethane1 , 1 ,2, 2-Tet rachl oroetheneChloroformMethyl ene ChlorideChlorobenzene

Specific*gravi ty

18.485 (13/4)1.595 (20/4)2.890 (20/4)2.381.971 (25/25)

1.256 (20/20)1.1757 (20/4)1.565 (20/4)

1.339 (20/4)1.466 (20/20)1.600 (20/4)1.624 (15/4)1.489 (20/4)1.336 (20/4)1.107 (20/4)

Melting point(°C)

1,133-22.6

8-9--

-35.6-97-50

-30.4-73-36-19-63.596.7-45.2

Boiling point(°C)

3,50076.8

150.5116

89. -90. 6

83.757.347.5

74.187.2146.3120.861.239.8132.1

Watersolubility"(mg/1)

i800301015

_-

8,300255,500"6.30025

9501,1002,9001509,60016.7Q025

472. 25

Henry's LawConstantHO'3 atm.m3 mol'1)

30.20.5322.120.783

1.105.455.32

4.9211.7-28.73.393.193.93

Vaporpressure(mm Hg)c

_30i210 en10. 550

15

61 «18025.200 14

96.057.9514150362—

Log octanolwater parti calscoefficient

_2.642.301.882.09

1.481.791.48

2.172.292.562.881.971.252.84

a Densities are given for the temperature indicated and are usually refered to water at 4°C, e.d., 0.879 (20/4) a denisty of 0.879 9 20°Creferred to water 9 4°C, the 4 being omitted when it is not clear whether the reference is to water at 4°C or at the temperature indicated bythe upper figure.

b Solubility in water at 20°C unless other wise specified.1 Insoluble.

Source: Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook. 6th Edition, ed. Robert H. Perry and Don W. Green (New York: McGraw-Hill. Inc. 1984)

Handbook of Chemistry and Phvsics. 61st edition, ed. Robert C. Weast, Ph.O (Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, Inc. 1980)

USEPA, Treatabilitv Mannual. Vol. I - Treatabilitv Data. Document No. Epa-600/8-80-042a, July 1980.

COoo

7133b

ionizing radiation, they are not really contaminants. Ionizingradiation can cause mutations in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) inthe cell nuclei. At the levels of alpha and bata radiationfound in Lodi, the concern is the potential increase in the riskof cancer.

Uranium - Uranium is highly toxic as a heavy metal. Uranium inits soluble form can cause kidney damage and acute necroticarterial lesions. Inhalation of particles can cause lungirradiation, however, the probability of inhalation of uraniumat this site is small. Chemotoxicity is the limiting factor foringestion of soluble uranium as opposed to its carcinogeniceffects.

2.2.2.2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

Exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbons can occur throughinhalation, ingestion, and skin and eye contact, as well asthrough skin or percutaneous absorption of individualchemicals. As a general rule, the aliphatic chlorinatedhydrocarbons have anesthetic affects on the central nervoussystem. The unsaturated chlorine derivatives can be toxic andmay cause liver, heart, and kidney damage. The saturatedchlorine derivatives are generally less toxic but highlynarcotic. In the saturated groups, an increase in the number ofchlorine atoms enhances the narcotic effect.

Repeated exposures to concentrations too low to produce narcoticeffects may still result in toxic actions. A great deal ofvariability in tolerance of these chemicals among individualshas been reported.

Specific toxicological information for individual chemicals,where available, is presented below.

Carbon Tetrachloride - Carbon tetrachloride can produce narcoticeffects on the central nervous system and irritate skin andeyes. It is probably a carcinogen and teratogen and has beenbanned from use since 1974.

The gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and liver are areas mostcommonly affected by carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Themaximum contaminant level goal in drinking water is zero.

trans-l,2-Dichloroethene - Direct contact withtrans-l,2-dichloroethene can produce dermatitis and irritationof mucous membranes. Principal areas of attack include therespiratory system, eyes, and central nervous system.

7126b300472

1,1,1-Trichloroethane - Repeated skin contact can causedermatitis, while eyes are irritated on contact. Principalareas of attack include skin, eyes, cardiovascular system, andcentral nervous system. It was found not to be carcinogenic bythe National Cancer Institute.

Trichloroethene - Trichloroethene can enter the body viapercutaneous absorption in addition to ingestion, inhalation,and skin and eye contact. It is an experimental carcinogen andteratogen. It is irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat.Acute exposure results in central nervous system depression.Unconsciousness and death have been reported in isolated cases.The primary points of attack include the respiratory system,heart, liver, kidneys, central nervous system, and skin.

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane - 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane is one ofthe most toxic of the common chlorinated hydrocarbons. Exposureroutes include inhalation of vapor, absorption of liquid throughthe skin, ingestion, and eye contact. It has a fairly strongirritant action on the mucous membranes of the eyes andrespiratory tract.

In addition to irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat,exposure to vapors can have narcotic effects including, tremors,headache, a prickling sensation and numbness of limbs, loss ofknee jerk, and excessive sweating. The toxic actions of thismaterial primarily affect the liver, although the kidneys andcentral nervous system are also points of attack. It is anexperimental carcinogen.

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethene - Exposure through inhalation ofvapor, percutaneous absorption of liquid, ingestion, skin andeye contact is possible. Exposure to concentrations greaterthan 200 ppm produces irritation of eyes, nose and throat,vomiting, nausea, and central nervous system depression.Irritation of the gastrointestinal tract can result fromingestion. The major points of attack for this material are theliver, kidneys, eyes, upper respiratory system, and centralnervous system. It is an experimental carcinogen.

Methylene chloride - Methylene chloride exposure can occur viainhalation, ingestion, percutaneous absorption of liquids, andskin and eye contact. It is a mild narcotic and very dangerousto the eyes. Skin burns or dermatitis can occur from contactwith the liquid. The cardiovascular system is also a point ofattack.

2.2.2.3 Trihalomethanes

Chloroform - Chloroform is an anesthetic that can cause damageto the liver or heart. It is irritating to the skin, eyes, andmucous membranes. Chloroform is a suspected human carcinogenand experimental teratogen.

327126b

300473

Bromoforir - Bromoform exposure can occur via ingestion,inhalation, or skin absorption. It is a metabolic poisoncapable of causing serious liver damage and experimentally shownto be neoplastic (tumor-causing). Inhalation of small amountsprovokes the flow of tears and saliva.

Bromodichloromethane - This compound is moderately toxic viaingestion and narcotic at high concentrations.

Dibromochloromethane - This substance is probably a narcotic andan irritant.

2.2.3 Degree of Site Contamination

2.2.3.1 Radiological Contamination

Table 2-5 presents the most recent radiological data, includinginformation on specific radionuclides, for wells in the Lodiarea.

Elevated levels of gross alpha radiation were detected at theHome Place well (150 + 50 pCi/1), Ellio's Pizza Plant (51 + 32pCi/1), and Inmont Chemical Company's monitoring well No. 3C-1(210 + 105 pCi/1).

In Ellio's Pizza Plant and the Home Place well, uranium isotopesaccounted for most of the alpha contamination, with radium 226detected at less than 2 pCi/1 in both wells. In Inmont'smonitoring well No. 3C-1, both uranium and radium 226contributed significantly to the gross alpha value. This sampleexceeded the Safe Drinking Water Act MCLs for both radium(maximum of 5 pCi/1 for Ra-226 and Ra-228 combined) and grossalpha (maximum of 15 pCi/1 excluding uranium and radon). TheHome Place and Ellio's Pizza Plant samples did not exceed thegross alpha standard since uranium is not included under thisstandard.

No drinking water standard currently exists for uraniumisotopes. The effluent limit for discharge of uranium fromregulated facilities is 30,000 pCi/1 for the U-234 and U-235isotopes and 40,000 pCi/1 for the U-238 isotope.

Gross beta radiation values exceeding 50 pCi/1 (54.6 + 2.6pCi/1) were detected in the Home Place Well on September 13,1983. The Federal Safe Drinking Water Act requires an analysisof specific radionuclides, particularly strontium 89 and cesium134, and calculation of total organ and total body dose whengross beta values exceed 50 pCi/1. No data on strontium 89,cesium 134 or dose equivalent are currently available.

If further sampling indicates gross beta values exceeding 50pCi/1, analyses for strontium 89 and cesium 134 should beperformed to comply with the SDWA.

33300474

LO•fe.

TABLE 2-5

RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS IN LODI AREA WELLS*

Concentration (oCi/1)

Site descriptor)

Lodi Municipal Wells

Arnot Street wellColumbia Avenue wellCarfield Avenue wellHome Place well

Kimmig well No. 4Lawrence aveneue wellTerrace Avenue well

Other Lodi Wells

ETIios's PizzaInamont Chem. MW No. 3C1

Inamont Chem.Production well

Hexcel Organics

Mavwood Wells

Whi taker wellJax Car WashMaine Nursery

Date

12/28/834/23/867/15/847/15/84

4/23/864/23/864/23/86

7/15/847/15/84

7/15/84

4/24/86

4/23/864/24/864/23/86

Grossalpha

0.75+/-1.4<2410+/-12150+/-50

<7<5<22

5U/-32210+/-105

<17

<17

<8<22<32

Grossbeta Ra-226

1.37+/-1.19 0<16 0ND 0ND 1

<9 0<10 0<10 0

.08+/-0.05

.27+/-0.05

.27+/-0.54

.U/-1.1

.U/-0.05

.3-I-/-0.05

.2+/-0.05

0.27+//-2.4130+/-14

<18 0

<18 0

<9 0<20 0<12 0

.07+/-0.05

.07+/-0.05

.16+/-0.05

.14+/-0.05

.22+/-0.05

U-234

ND6.37+/— 4X0.57+/-0.14115+/-11

3.6 +/-6X6.62+/-4X5.56+/-X5

24 +/-1.3568 +/-S.4

6.35 +/-4X

6.35+/-4X

0.52 +/-22X12.9 +/-4X0.071 +/-11X

U-235

ND0.17+/-24"0.04+/-0.041U/-1.6

0.86+/-34X0.25+/-22X0.13+/-41X

0.7+/-0.143.2+/-0.54

0.29+/-21X

0.29+/-21X

0.381 •*•/-! 5X<0.10

U-238 Th-230 Th-228 Th-232

ND3.U/-6X0.54+/-0.1476+/-8.1

1.7U/-8X4.4+/-5X3.34+/-5X

14+/-0.8168+/-S.4

3.36./-5X

3.36+/-5X

0.32+/-25X7.14+/-4X0.26+/-X

ND<0.13<0.27<0.27

<0.13<0.03O.U/-89X

<0.27<0.27

O.U/-67X

O.U/-67X

0.054+/-60X<0.06<0.13

ND2.98+/-7X<0.27<0.27

2.5U/-16X2.8+/-11X2.77/-8X

<0.27<0.27

4.35+/-12X

4.35+/-12X

2.85-I-/-7X2.83W-9X2.9 +/-11X

ND<0

<0

.07

.27

<0.06+/-50X<0.15

<0

<0

<0

0<0<0

.27

.18

.18

.08

.05

.08

a Ra 228 was not detected in these samples.b Well location number correspond to those on Figure 2-1 and Plate 1.

Source: Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., 1987

COoo

7133b

TABLE 2-6

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS DETECTED IN LODI WELLS

Compound

Maximumreported

concentration(ug/1)

Safe DrinkingWater ActMCLG MCL(ug/1) (ug/1)

NJ Interimcorrectiveactioncriteria(ug/1)

Total trihalomethanesc

Cloroformc

BromoformBromodichloromethaneDibromochloromethane

Carbon tetrachloride0Chlorobenzene

1,2-Di chloroethane01,1-Dichloroethanetrans-1,2-Dichloroethenec1,1,1-Trichloroethane°Trichloroethylenec1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethenec1,1,2,2-TetrachloroethanecMethylene chloride

NJ total volatile organicsc

115.886.12.9245.7

49200

3.345.422020324328.24.7

744.3

10 O3100a100a100a100a

060

0

702000

2005

50b50b50b

50b

50°50b55555

50b

a Primary drinking water standard for total trihalomethanes (chloroform,bromoform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane).

b The NJ Interim criteria for total volatile organic toxic pollutants(acrylonitrile, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, methylene chloride,1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, vinylchloride, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, acrolein, bromoform, Chlorobenzene,chlorodibromomethane, chloroethane, 2-chloroethylvinyl ether,dichlorobromomethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane,1,3-dichloroproylene, ethylbenzene, methyl bromide, methyl chloride,toluene, 1,2-trans-dichloroethene). (NJDEP-DWR Division Order No. 64)

c Above one of the standards/criteria shown.

Camp Dresser and McKee Inc., 1987

35712 6b 300476

2.2.3.2 Volatile Organic Contamination

Several volatile organic compounds, particularly carbontetrachloride and trichloroethene, have been detected aboveNJDEP-DWR interim criteria in each of the Lodi municipal wells,as well as at a local Burger King (sampled 2/6/86 by NJDEP) andDonut Man, in at least one sampling event since 1981. Table 2-6lists the maximum concentration reported in any Lodi well foreach VOC detected along with relevant current standards andguidelines.

The maximum concentrations reported for each location sampledare presented in table 2-7. The maximum concentration reportedfor individual chemicals at a specific location are notnecessarily from a single sampling event. The locations of theLodi wells are shown on Figure 1-2. At the time of the lastsampling of each well (as determined from available data, Table2-8), all of the Lodi municipal wells, except the ColumbiaAvenue well, exceeded current New Jersey ground water criteriaand potable water guidelines. Additional sampling data can befound in Appendix A.

The ground water contamination problem detected in the Boroughof Lodi is not an isolated phenomenon. Studies conducted by theEPA and NJDEP have identified many A-280 contaminants (PCBs,chlorodane and volatile organics) in water supplies across thenation and in New Jersey (NJDEP-DWR, Office of Science Research,1986). The most frequently occurring contaminants identifiedwere trichloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, andtetrachloroethene, which were detected in 4.9 to 5.5 percent ofthe samples analyzed in the New Jersey study and 5.8 to 7.3percent of the samples in the EPA Ground Water Supply Survey.In Bergen County, 48 percent of the county's water supplies werefound to contain detectable levels of volatile organics and 24contaminants were detected within the county (NJDEP-DWR, Officeof Science Research,1986).

Nearby towns (Wellington, Garfield, and Fairlawn) have alsoidentified organic contamination in their municipal wells.Actions to remediate ground water contamination of thesemunicipal wells, including air stripping and alternate watersupply, have been initiated by these three townships.

2.2.3.3 Inorganic Contamination

Four of the Lodi municipal wells were sampled by the state andanalyzed for several metals as part of the Maywood Investigation(Byrnes, 1987). The results are shown on Table 2-9. Althoughthere are currently no federal or state drinking water standardsfor nickel, a maximum concentration of 13.4 ug/1, at a hardnessof 50 mg/1 as calcium carbonate, is specified under the NewJersey Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NJPDES) programfor protection of water supplies. Nickel was detected in theTerrace Avenue well at 71 ug/1. Concentrations of other metalswere detected at concentrations less than the state and federalguidelines and standards.

71265 36 300477

TABLE 2-7

CONTAMINANTS EXCEEDING NEW JERSEY GOUND WATER CRITERIA FOR VOLATIVE ORGANICS AT LOOI WELLFIELD:

Concentration fua/1)

Location

NJ interim CriteriaArnot Street wellBurger King (Memorial

Drive" and Washington)

Columbia Anvenue wellDonut Man (322.N.

Main Street)6

Garfield Avenue well

Carbontetrachloride

549

NDC

ND

175.1

Trichloro-Chloroform ethene

510.5

50

2.32

149

532.9

ND

4.73

160324

Tetrachloro-ethene

55.45

ND

5.13

1810.8

1.1.2,2-Tetra-chloroethane

50.27

ND

ND

NDND

Trans-1,2-dichloroethene

4.5

ND

ND

40220

Chloro-benzene

ND

ND

ND200

NJ total volatiletoxic organics4

50101.1

59.6

12.18

774.3Garfield Avenue well/Passaic

UJ~j

Valley water supplyHome Place wellKimmig We11d

Kimmig Avenue (Lodi WaterDepartment Building)

Kimmig well No. 4

Lawrence Avenue wellKimmig well No. 5Hexcel OrganicsTerrace Avenue well

0.50.069.03

113

ND12.88NDND

a The New Jersey Interim criteria for total

(Acrylonitrile, acrolin, benzene,

86.113.69

3.21

ND2.05ND2.9

volatile

carbon1,1 ,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1 , 1,2-trichloroethane,bromoform, chlorodibromomethane, methyl

CO0o

oo

1 ,1-dichloroethane,b Tap samplesc ND - Not detected.d Combined Ki ig well

Source: Camp, Dresser and

7133b

bromide

7.234.575.34

120160

ND23.884ND

ND9.67.92

1032

1710.35ND26

ND8.20.34

NDND

NDNDNDND

ND5ND

3356

NDND34ND

NDNDND

NDND

NDNDNDND

123.55784.58

184.3248

17 !49.163826

toxic organic toxic pollutants:

tetrachloride,trichloroethene,

chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane,tetrachloroethene

. methy chloride, chlorobenzene., vinyl chloride,

1,1-dichloroethene, methylene chloride,ethyl benzene, toluene, 1 ,2-dichloropropane,

dibromochloromethane, chloroethane, 2-chloroethylvinylether,trans 1,2-dichloroethene, and trans 1,3-dichloropropene)

qual i ty

McKee Inc., 1987

TABLE 2-8

CONTAMINANTS EXCEEDING NEW JERSEY GROUND WATER CRITERIAFOR VOLATILE ORGANICS AT LODI WELLFIELD: LAST SAMPLING DATE

Concentration (ug/1)

Location DateCarbon

tetrachloride Chloroform Trichloroethene TetrachloroetheneTrans-1,2-dichloroethene

NJ total volatiletoxic organics

NJ interim criteriaArnot Street wellColumbia AvenueGarfield Avenue wellHome Place wellKimmig Well No. 7Kirnnig Well No. 4Kimmig Well No. 5Lawrence Avenue wellTerrace Avenue well

10/17/8610/1/854/23/865/28/829/13/839/11/854/23/867/16/854/23/864/23/86

531.92NO

2.15ND

7.99ND12.88NDND

5NDND

5.27ND

1.5812, 05

NDEND

524.04

3185.22066.8123.88

NDND

.54

5ND

53.17

ND5.97

ND10.35177

NDNDND

5ND31NDNDND

5055.968

195.792584.58

11349.16177

00

a The New Jersey Interim criteria for total volatile toxic organic toxic organic toxic pollutants:

(Acrylonitrile, acrolin, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethene, methylene chloride,1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, vinyl chloride, ethylbeniene, toluene, 1,2-dichloropropane,bromoform, chlorodibromomethane, methyl bromide, methy chloride, chlorobenzene, dibromochloromethane, chloroethane, 2-chloroethylvinylether,1,1-dichloroethane, trans 1,2-dichloroethene, and trans 1,3-dichloropropene)

ND - Not detected.

Source: Camp, Dresser and McKee Inc., 1987

COoo

CD

71 fifth

U)

TABLE 2-9

INORGANIC ANALYTICAL RESULTS

Concentration (ua/1)

Constituent

AntimonyArsenicBerylliumCadmi urn

ChromiumCopperLeadMercury

NickelSeleniumSilverThalliumZinc

1. Samples

2. The less

3. One more

Whi takerResidence(Maywood)

<8.411.1<0.08

<2.01614<0.30

<5.9<4.0<20<2.085.3

collected April

than symbol (<)

than the number

ColumbiaAvenuewell

<8.47.4<0.080.1

<2.04.

<0.30

>5.9<4.0<20<2.077.8

23 and 24, 1986

indicates that

of significant

LawrenceAvenuewell

<8.4<4.0<0.08

<2.03.7

<0.30

<5.9<4.0<20<2.033.2

.

the analyte

figures is

4. The equivalent reagent blank concentraton has been

TerraceAvenuewell

<8.44.0<0.08<1.1

<2.09.1

<0.30

<5.9<4.0<20<2.06.8

was not detected,

shown.

subtracted in all

Kimmigno. 4

<8.44.8<0.08

144.400<0.30

<5.9<4.0<20<2.0154.

and the value

cases.

Mainenursery

<8.4<4.0<0.08

<2.021.5

<0.30

>5.9<4.0<20<2.0115

listed iwth

HexcelOrganics(Lodi)

<8.45.8<0.08

<2.031.500<0.30

<5.9<4.0<20<2.079

it is the detection

Jax carwash(Maywood)

<8.4<4.0<0.08

<2.07.1

<0.30

<5.9<4.0<20<2.076

limit.

5. Arsenic, selenium, and thallium results based on graphite furnace AA results. Silver results based separate silver digestionand flame AA analysis. All other metals derived from water samples determined by ICPAE. Because of radioactivity concerns,other metals derived from soil samples determined by flame AA (i.e., there is no Hot ILab ICP),

Source: Camp Dresser and McKee Inc., 1987

COooifct00o

7133b

2.3 INDUSTRIAL SURVEY

2.3.1 INDUSTRIAL SURVEY METHODS

As part of the initial site evaluation, the COM REM II teamconducted an industrial survey of the Borough of Lodi andportions of the surrounding towns of Maywood, Garfield, andRochelle Park. The survey focused on industries known oranticipated to use any of the chemicals detected in the Lodiwells. This determination was made based on the informationprovided by the Lodi Fire Department, the Lodi Water Department,industrial directories, NJDEP Bureau of Radiation Protection,and the EPA listing of hazardous waste generators for BergenCounty, New Jersey under the Resource Conservation and RecoveryAct of 1976 (RCRA). Reports prepared by individual companies aspart of the New Jersey Environmental Cleanup Responsibility Act(ECRA) or other investigations were also reviewed. Where dataon specific chemicals used at a particular facility were notavailable, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) andproduct descriptions were used to determine chemical use at thatfacility. Because the information available from these sourceswas rather limited, it was not possible to determine the typeand quantity of chemicals used at a particular facility.Therefore, some of the facilities included in the survey may notuse any of the chemicals of concern. Service stations, smallauto body shops, and dry cleaners have been excluded at thistime.

Relevant information regarding RCRA and/or NJPDES permits wasalso compiled for several industries. After assembling theappropriate information, the locations of industries included inthe survey were checked in the field, where possible, andlocated on the site map.

2.3.2 Industrial Survey Results

Many of the chemicals identified at the site (primarilychlorinated solvents) are used in numerous industries. Inidentifying industrial uses of chemicals in the area, particularattention was paid to the following applications:

o Metal degreasingo Solvent in electronic and semiconductor industrieso Textile rocessinTextile processingo Paint and ink formulationso Paint removerso Adhesiveso Chemical manufacturingo Users of radioactive materials

Table 2-10 summarizes the results of the industrial survey. Thetable is subdivided by location. Within the Borough of Lodi,another distinction has been made between those facilitiesregistered with the Lodi Fire Department as users of hazardouschemicals and any other facilities within Lodi included in thesurvey.

300481

TABLE 2-10

INDUSTRIAL SURVEY RESULTS

LODI (Zip code 07664)Hazardous Chemical Permit Holder (1976, 1984, or 1987)

Facilityname/address

Airco Medical (Ohio Med)80 Hancock Street

BASF Inmont Corp.200 Gregg Street

Barclay Industries, Inc.65 Industrial Road(out of business)

Bergen Cable Technologies170 Gregg Street

Controlled Coating Corp50 Arnot Streeet

Display Manufacturers, Inc.150 Gregg Street

DUX Paints and Chemical, Inc.

RCRAactivity type

GEN, TSD

GEN

GEN

GEN

GEN (2)

GEN

RCRAfacility code

NJDOO 12887 11

NJD001650696

NJDOO 1328863

NJDOO 1893528

NJD002002715

NJDOO 1397777

SICcode(s)

2893

2431307924352499

3496

3993

2851

SIC desciptionof products

Medical gasesand solvents

Printing ink

Fabricated mi 11 work,wood products,plastic products

Cable assemblieswire rope

Signs, advertising displays

Industrial paints, varnishes.

Chemicalsused(partial listing)

Compressed gases,toluene solvents

Toluene, petroleumhydrocarbons, solvents

Xylene, toluene,methyl ethyl ketone,solvents

Chlorinated solvents

Petroleum solvents,hydrochloric acid,caustic

Lacquer thinner

Methyl ene chloride,18 Mill Street

Emerson X-Ray Solutions121 S. Main Street

3861

enamels, caulks and sealants,stains and wood preservatives

Photographic Solutions

nonhalogenatedsolvents, chlorinatedsolvents

Acetic acid, caustic,anhydrous sodium sulfate

GEN - Generator of greater than 1,000 Kg/mo hazardous waste.GEN (2) - Generator of between 100 and 1,000 Kg/mo hazardous waste.TSD - Hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal faclityTRANS - Transporter of hazardous waste.

COoo00

7166H

Lodi (zip code 07664)Hazardous Chemical Permit Holders (1976, 1984, or 1987)

TABLE 2-10

INDUSTRIAL SURVEY RESULTS(Continued)


Fine Organic* Corp.(HEXCEL)205 N. Main Street

Flint INK Corp.80 Industrial Road

Gibraltor Plastics Co.199 Garibaldi Avenue

Grand View StructuralSteel Corp.P.O. Box 90, Route 46

Graph tax Inc.1 Dell Glen Avenue

RCRA RCRA SICactivity type facility code code(s)

GEN (2) NJDO 10963924 284228222821

GEN, TSD NJD002139145 2893

3079

3441

GEN, TSO NJD001397181 34793993


Industrial cleaning products,Synthetic rubber, plasticmaterials, synthetic resins,non-vulcanized elastomers

Printing Ink

Plastic vinyl sheeting

Design, fabrication anderection of structural steeland misc. iron

Name plates, panels, dialssigns and advertising


see table 3-2

Hydrofluoric acid,propane

Trichloroethene,xylene, acids,

NJHoboken Paints Inc.40 Industrial Road

Interplast UniversalIndustries Inc.199 Garibaldi Avenue

GEN NJD012286761

displays2851 Paints, varnishes, enamels,

stains and wood preservatives(latex paints and Industrialand maintenance coatings)

2295 Vinyl-coated fabrics

petroleum solvents

Paint thinnersolvents, aromatichydrocarbons

Methyl ethyl ketone

GEN - Generator of greater than 1,000 Kg/mo hazardous waste.GEN (2) - Generator of between 100 and 1,000 Kg/mo hazardous waste.TSO - Hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal faclityTRANS - Transporter of hazardous waste.

COooCO

71 fifth


TABLE 2-10



J.E. Hal ma Co., Inc.91 - 95 Dell Glen Avenue

RCRA RCRA SICactivity type facility code code(s)

28692899


Chemicals specialties forsemiconductor transistorelectronic components,microwave devices, solarcells, acids, and etchants,sclents


Trichloroethene,hydrofluoric acid,acetone, isopropylalcohol

*>.U)

Kaufman Carpets

Knapp

Kohl and Madden Printing GEN NJD046351540Ink Co130 Gregg Street

LeRoche Industries20 Heta Lane

Mark-Tex Corporation GEN NJD00030760385 Arnot Street

Modern Traveler

Murphy Door and Bed Co.


COoo

2893 Manufacture and distributeprinting inks for offset,letterpress, flexographicprocesses

2899 Writing ink (chemical andchemical preparation)

Toluene, methyl ethylketone, methylenechloride

7166H

TABLE 2-10




Napp Chemicals Inc.199 Main Street

RCRAactivity type

GEN

RCRAfacility code

NJD001315282

SICcode(s)

284428995122


Manufacture and distributebulk drug and cosmetic in-gredients, specialty chemi-cals, custom manufacturing,drying, blending and pulver-izing


Methyl enechloride,toluene

Norac Co., Hathe Division GEN169 Kennedy Drive

Panatonic Engraving Co.

Rennie Mfg & MetalFinishing Co.14 Rennie Place

Suffern Plating Co. GEN (2)210 Garibaldi Avenue

USS Agri-Chemicals GEN20 Meta Lane

NJD01 1404035

NJD002169233

NJD045660677

2841

3471

3471

Metallic soaps of fatty acids

Metal working

Metal finishing for lamp In-dustry (electroplating, plating,polishing, anodizing and coloring

Electroplating, plating,polishing, anodizing andcoloring

Chromium, nickel,trichloroethene

Anhydrous ammmonia


COoo£*00

71 fifth

TABLE 2-10

Lodi - Other Industries



RCRAactivity type

RCRAfacility code

SICcode(s)



Ul

Aeronautical Instrumentand Radio Co., Inc.234 Garibaldi Avenue

Bergen Film Laboratories, Inc. GEN103 Union Street

Brim Electronics120 Home Place

Drapery Corp. of America42 Home PlaceFabien Corp.10 Deli Glen Avenue

H.K. Metal Craft Mfg.35 Industrial Road

Heydon Tube and Form Co. GEN65 Industrial Road

Onyx Cleaners GEN42 Essex Street

NJDO114022328

NJD001329226

NJD981876956

NJDO11404126

3728

3861

326433573079

22112221

22622261

3452329334463499

Aircraft equipment

Film lab

Wire cable, tubing, etc.

Fabrics

Textiles

Washers, gaskets, stamping,chain, ladders


COoo

Tlfifih

; (

Rochelle Park

TABLE 2-10



A&F Auto Body43 West Passaic street

AT&T Conmuni cations

RCRAactivity type

GEN

GEN

RCRA SIC SIC descriptionfacility code code(s) of products

NJD98076735

NJD1 067951 56


75 West Passaic Street

Alco-Gravure Ind. Inc.50 Essex Street

Dixo Co., Inc.158 Central Avenue

Heritage Cleaners180 W. Passaic Street

Hultitone PlasticsEngraving Co., Inc.60 Essex Street

Rochelle Park Central Office65 - 75 Passaic Street

GEN

GEN

GEN

NJD981078892

NJD002009801

NJD980649776

2754

28422891

23962754

Gravure and commercial printing

Dry cleaning chemicals,specialty adhesives and glues

Engraving, rotogravure, printing


COoo30

Maywood

TABLE 2-10



A&P Sheet Metal Co., Inc.219 Hargesell Avenue

AMF Whitely Division29 Essex Street

De Saussure Eqipment Co., Inc.23 jW. Howcroft Road

Joseph Muscarelle Inc.(NJ Bell)Essex and State HWY # 17

Lease Delivery151 Maywood avenue

Maywood Auto Body243 W. Passaic Street

New Jersey Bell Telephone Co.113 W. Passaic Street

Park Avenue Motor Corp.

RCRAactivity type

GEN

GEN

GEN

GEN

GEN

GEN

GEN

ChemicalsRCRA SIC SIC desciption usedfacility code code(s) of products (partial listing)

3444 Sheet metal , duct work

NJD001328533 3949 Exercising equipment

NJD002011641 2514 Metal tables, partitions,2542 shelving lockers, store fixtures

NJD006973218

NJD981 566052

NJD045667458

NJD980758221

NJD06430417274 First Street

Rubal Industries, Inc.480 Passaic Street

Solar Compounds Corp267 West Central Avenue

335633993312

Brass, copper and aluminumsmall finished metal products

GEN, TSD NJD075424960


COoo

0071 fifth

Maywood

TABLE 2-10



Stephan Company100 West Hunter Avenue

RCRAactivity type

GEN

RCRAfacility code

NJD002011294

SICcode(s)

20872869

ChemicalsSIC desciption usedof products (partial listing)

Specialty chemicals, extracts(industrial organic chemicals,flavorings, extracts and syrups)

Timely CLNS GEN144 West Pleasant Avenue

Victor's Three-D, Inc. GEN25 Brook Avenue

NJD038247516

NJD002011104 3195 Jewelry findings


oo

COoo

CD

Tlfifih

Garfield

TABLE 2-10



RCRAactivity type

RCRAfacility code

SICcode(s)



ABC Laundermat and Dry GEN NJD980789226Cleaners67 River Road

American Biltrite GEN, TRANS NJD01127703544 Hepworth Place

American Lighting Corp GEN NJDOO1296243 364679 Commerce Street 3648

E.C. Electroplating, Inc. 3471125 Clark StreetElmwood Supply Co. GEN NJD981558026485 River Drive

Howill Corp, Parrel GEN NJD046345716 3471Plating Co.39 Atlantic Street

Kalama Chemical Inc. GEN NJD002005148 2833290 River Drive 2869

Lapco Industries, Inc. GEN NJD0097122335 Eric street

Laurel Rubber Div. of GEN NJD000692210Star-Glo126 Grand Street

Precision Prototype, Inc. GEN (2) NJD075418285 3679255 Midland Avenue

Lighting fixtures

Electroplating

Electroplating

Medical and industrial organicchemicals

Manufatures printed circuitboards


oo

716fih

Garfield

TABLE 2-10



Primex Plastics65 River Drive

RCRAactivity type

GEN

RCRAfacility code

NJD096976345

SICcode(s)

26213079


Polystrene, polyethylene,polypropylene, corrugatedplastic


Penn Manufacturing Corp.59 Belmont Avenue

3951 Maufactures marking pens

GEN - Generator of greater than 1,000 Kg/mo hazardous waste.GEN (2) - Generator of between 100 and 1,000 Kg/mo hazardous waste.TSO - Hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal faclityTRANS - Transporter of hazardous waste.

eno

COoo4*.CO

2.3.3 Remedial Investigations in The Lodi Area

Independent remedial investigation activities are beingconducted at three sites within the study area for the LodiMunicipal Well site. These include the Hexcel Corporation andInmont Corporation sites in Lodi and the Maywood/Sears propertyin Maywood. These sites are located on Figure 2- . Briefdescriptions of the activities at these sites follow.

2.3.3.1 Hexcel Corporation

Hexcel Corporation is located at the corner of Main Street andMolnar Road, just east of the Saddle River. Historicalinformation on Hexcel was obtained from Princeton Aqua Science(1985). Recent sampling data was obtained from EnvironCorporation (1986) and Burlingame (1987). The studies wereperformed by these firms to comply with the ECRA.

The first documented industrial operations at the Hexcel siteinvolved manufacturing dyestuff for the textile industry priorto 1900 by the United Piece and Dye Works. Phoenix MachineryCompany, Inc., which was involved in rare metal reclamation, wasthe next owner of the property.

In 1944, Fine Organics, Inc. purchased the property for use inthe manufacture, storage, and sale of pharmaceuticals, syntheticorganic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, and so forth.

Hexcel purchased the business of Fine Crganics, Inc. in April1973. Fine Organics continued operation as a subsidiary ofHexcel. Hexcel performed both specialty chemical and industrialchemical manufacturing at this site until 1981, when thespecialty chemical operation was moved to Michigan.

During the operation of these concerns, drummed raw materials,work-in-process materials, finished chemicals, and wastematerials have been stored on the property, in areas that werecovered with gravel until they were paved in the early 1960s.

Currently, Hexcel is in the business of blending and packagingindustrial cleaning compounds and resin products. Manydifferent sized tanks and 55-gallon drums are used to store,blend, and transport industrial chemicals.

A variety of raw materials and products are used at the Hexcelfacility. These include a variety of solvents, includingtetrachloroethene, methylene chloride, and 1,1,1-trichloroethaneand several acids, alkalines, amines, and other chemicals. Alisting of chemicals currently used at the facility is providedin table 2-11. Historically, brominated substances were also

and several acids, alkalines, amines, and other ch<listing of chemicals currently used at the facility :in table 2-11. Historically, brominated substancesused.

517126b

300492

MILESmTCCT

• LOJI HOKOl'UH BOl'NUAHY

REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION LOCATIONS

Adap t rd from L'.S C.S. W«!>n"kfn. N J - S V tnd Hick tnsack . NJ Q u « d r « D f I t t , Pbctor tv is fd I9E1

LODI MUNICIPAL WELL SITF 'LODI. NEW JERSEY

FIGURE 2-4

REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION LOCATIONS

EBASfO SERVICE? INCORPORATE!

300493

TABLE 2-11

CHEMICALS CURRENTLY USED AT HEXCEL

A. Finished Products

1. Solvent blends2. Alkaline liquid cleaners3. Solvent-emulsion cleaners4. Paint strippers5. Deodorant/air freshener soap blocks6. Dibactol7. Oxalic/phosphoric acid liquid cleaners

B. Raw Materials

1. Alkaline

a. Potassium hydroxideb. Sodium hydroxidec. Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate

2. Acids

a. Phosphoric acidb. Gluconic acidc. Sulfonic acidd. Hydrochloric acide. Hydrofluoric acidf. Oxalic acid

3. Amines

a. Monoethanolamineb. Diethanolaminec. Triethanolamine

4. Phosphates, Silicates

a. Sodium tripolyphosphateb. Trisodiumphosphatec. Sodium silicated. Potassium silicate

5. Solvents

a. Methylene chlorideb. Perchloroethenec. Mineral spiritsd. Aliphatic hydrocarbonse. Aromatic hydrocarbonsf. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

300494

TABLE 2-11

(continued)

CHEMICALS CURRENTLY USED AT HEXCEL

6. Alcohols

a. Methanolb. Isopropanol

7. Surfactants

8. Dyes and perfumes

9. Xanthan gum

10. Glycol ethers

11. M-Pyrol

12. Quaternary ammonium compounds

13. Benzyl chloride

Source: Princeton Aqua Science

54 3004957126b

Wastewater from the Hexcel chemical processes is discharged tothe Passaic Valley sewer system. This discharge is permittedand monitored by a 24-hour sampling device. Wastewater data isevaluated monthly with the results presented to the PassaicValley Sewerage Commission in quarterly reports.

Ground water and soil sampling conducted by Environ Corporationat Hexcel in June and August 1985 indicated the presence ofvolatile organic and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)contamination. In samples collected from the top two to threefeet of soil, tetrachloroethene was found at concentrations upto 16,000 parts per million (ppm). Other volatile organicsdetected at the site include trichloroethene,1,1,1,-trichloroethane, methylene chloride, and toluene. PCBs,lead, and petroleum hydrocarbons were also detected.

2.3.3.2 Inmont Corporation

The Inmont Corporation manufactures ink at its facility inLodi. Inmont has several underground tank farms for the storageof organic solvents, including recycled solvents, toluene, fueloil, and other products. The tankfarm in the northeastern areaof the plant, composed of 11 underground tanks, was suspected ofleaking for an indeterminate period prior to 1981, (BCM, 1981).Soil sampling was performed as part of the abandonment process,and contamination was detected. As a result, Inmont retainedBetz, Converse and Murdoch (BCM) to perform anextent-of-contamination study. BCM determined that between10,000 and 130,000 gallons of toluene were present in thesubsurface and proposed remedial measures (BCM, 1981).Chlorinated solvents, with the exception of methylene chloride,were not detected or detected at concentrations less than 10 ppb.

2.3.3.3 Maywood/Sears Property

The Maywood Chemical Works was founded in 1895 to extractcaffeine from tea. Between 1916 and 1957, the company processedthorium from monazite sand for use in the onsite manufacture ofmantles for gas lighting equipment. However, the site wasapparently used for many other activities. A license forstorage of thorium wastes was issued to Maywood Chemical Worksby the Atomic Energy Commission in 1954. The facility waspurchased by the Stepan Chemical Company in 1959. Stepan is notinvolved in the processing or manufacturing of any radioactivematerials. A cleanup of the thorium waste piles at the site wasundertaken by the Stepan Chemical Company in 1963. Since thattime, remedial investigations at this site, which has been namedthe Maywood/Sears property, have been undertaken by the U.S.Department of Energy (DOE) and by EPA. The Maywood/Sears siteencompasses approximately 42 acres and consists of commercialand light industrial facilities.

557126b

300496

Results of these investigations the DOE and EPA (Ebasco, 1986;Bechtel, 1986) have indicated the migration of radioactiveconstituents beyond the site boundaries. Both thorium anduranium contamination have been reported in residential areas inthe vicinity of the Maywood site (NRC, 1980; NRC, 1981; OakRidge National Laboratory, 1981). Although some of theseproperties have been remediated, some properties containingradioactive contaminated soil are still under investigation.

One such property is the New Jersey Vehicle Inspection Stationin Lodi. A radiological characterization of the New JerseyVehicle Inspection Station property was conducted in July andDecember 1986 and February 1987 (Bechtel, 1987). Theradiological characterization confirmed that thorium-232 is theprimary radioactive containment. The surface soil sampleresults showed the maximum concentrations of thorium-232 to be12.5 pCi/g, of radium-226 to be 1.6 pCi/g, and of uranium-238was less than 14.3 pCi/g. The results of downhole gamma loggingindicated subsurface contamination at depths ranging from 1 to 7feet.

In 1984, DOE negotiated an access agreement with Stepan ChemicalCompany for 11.7 acres on which to establish the Maywood InterimStorage Site (MISS) pending execution of an agreement withStepan Chemical to donate the site to the DOE. Development ofthe storage site commenced, and contaminated materials from somevicinity properties were brought to the site. These radioactivematerials will remain at the MISS until final disposition forthem is determined.

In 1986, Ebasco Services, Inc. conducted a site investigation atthe Maywood/Sears property under the EPA REM III program. Thisinvestigation focused on target compound list (TCL) contaminantsdetected in soils at the Maywood/Sears site. Methylenechloride, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), xylene,ethylbenzene, toluene, and benzene were the principal volatilecontaminants present in the Maywood/Sears soil borings.Twenty-four base/neutral/acid extractable compounds were alsodetected in the soils. The extractable compounds found at thehighest concentrations (up to 50 ppm) included non-napthenicpolynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, and napthenics.Alpha-pinene, d-limonene, and caffeine, three compoundstypically used within the food/fragrances industry, were alsodetected near the surface in individual borings. Ninepesticides, principally organochlorine compounds were detectedin the surficial soils on-site at concentrations up to 240 ppb.Five metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Hg) were also detected abovebackground concentrations in the surficial soils at theMaywood/Sears site (Ebasco, 1987).

2.4 EVALUATION OF LODI MUNICIPAL SEWAGE COLLECTION SYSTEM

In 1983 Elson T. Killiam Associates, Inc. prepared an evaluationof the Borough of Lodi municipal sanitary sewer system for thePassaic Valley Sewerage Commissioners (PVSC). Results of smoketesting, closed circuitinternal television inspection, and

567126b

300497

manhole inspection were used to identify leaking serviceconnections, structural damage and major sources of inflow andinfiltration.

The survey identified 225 inflow sources, including 182manholes, which contributed a total estimated average inflowrate of 1,893,000 gallons per day (GPD) to the sanitary sewercollection system.

The sources of approximately 1,130,000 gpd of infiltration,originating primarily from damaged sewer reaches, were alsolocated. The study recommended, at a minimum, cost-effectiverehabilitation of sewer lines and manholes to remove about 26percent of the infiltration identified, and evaluation ofrehabilitation of structurally damaged sewer lines. The Boroughof Lodi plans to implement a rehabilitation program in the nearfuture.

Since leaks are present throughout the sewer system, migrationof contaminants from the sewer system to ground water mayoccur. The broad distribution of leaks/damage, however, make itdifficult to identify potential contaminant sources or suitablesampling locations.

2.5 CONTAMINANT MIGRATION PATHWAY CONCEPTUAL MODEL

2.5.1 Migration Pathways

The ground water, surface water, and air pathways of contaminantmigration have been evaluated for the Lodi Municipal Well site.

2.5.1.1 Ground Water

Up to 14 volatile organic compounds have been identified to datein the ground water, as well as elevated gross alpha, grossbeta, and radionuclide levels. All of the municipal wells havebeen closed because of this contamination. Because the natureof the ground water flow at this site is as yet uncharacterized,and the source or sources of contamination have not beenlocated, the migration of contaminants cannot be predicted.Infiltration of precipitation or recharge of the ground water bycontaminated surface streams and rivers could maintain orincrease the level of contamination in either the overburdenaquifer, the bedrock aquifer, or both. Therefore, theresidential and commercial wells still in use are potentially atrisk of increased contamination. If unidentified use of thewater from these wells provides potable or process water toindividual residents or industries, monitoring of water qualitymay not have been performed. Individuals still using this watermay be at risk.

Transport of contaminants via inflow of groundwater throughleaks in the Lodi storm sewer and/or sanitary sewer systempresent another potential migration pathway.

300498

2.5.1.2 Surface Water

The USGS and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have sampled theSaddle River. Ammonia, oil and grease, and mercury have beenreported in quantities above state and/or federal standards orguidelines. No information pertaining to sampling of surfacewaters for volatile organics is currently available. The SaddleRiver was analyzed for thorium-226, radium-226, uranium-235, anduranium-238 as part of an investigation at the Bailed andAssociates Property (Stepan Chemical Company) in Maywood, NewJersey. All results were below detection limits.

Recharge of the ground water by streams, rivers, andinfiltration, and subsequent removal of this water by wellspresent a potential migration pathway if the water is indeedcontaminated. This potential is much higher in wells near thesurface water bodies, because pumping of such wells may drawmore water into the aquifer.

2.5.1.3 Air

Assessing the potential for migration via the air route isdifficult because the source or sources of contamination areunknown, and an assessment of the air quality has not beenperformed. Air monitoring and/or sampling will be conducted aspart of the investigation, as required by the OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA). It is possible thatexposure to volatile organic compounds may occur during remedialinvestigation activities. In addition, exposures may occur atthe tap if residents or industries are still using contaminatedground water resources.

2.5.2 Potential Receptors

2.5.2.1 Exposure to Contaminated Ground Water

Some residents and industries in the Borough of Lodi andsurrounding communities still obtain water from private bedrockwells. Any users of water drawn from wells in the PassaicMember in this area would be potential receptors. Neighboringtowns (Wellington, Garfield and Fair Lawn) located bothupgradient and downgradient of Lodi have previously identifiedvolatile organic contamination in their water supplies. Sincewater treatment or replacement has already been implemented inthese townships, users of these water supplies are not likelyreceptors of contaminants that may have migrated beyond the Lodisite.

2.5.2.2 Exposure to Contaminated Surface Water

Exposure to humans via fishing and recreational activities isunlikely since these are not current uses of the Saddle River orits tributaries.

7126b58 300499

The aquatic life in the Saddle River was reported by the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers to be predominantly pollution-tolerant.Stress on the biota increases during dry periods because of adecrease in dilution. During these dry periods, ground waterprovides the total flow in the Saddle River. Degradation of theriver by contaminated ground water and point and non pointcontaminant sources may exacerbate the current stress on aquaticlife.

2.5.2.3 Exposure to Airborne Contaminants

Because of the volatile nature of many of the contaminantsobserved at the site, individuals exposed to the contaminantsvia ground water usage or sampling could potentially be exposedvia the air route. Some industries using the ground water forindustrial processes have been identified (table 2-1). No otherpotential receptors of airborne contamination have beenidentified, since no source of contamination has been identifiedto date. Should a concentrated surface source of volatiles besuspected, however, additional caution and air monitoring willbe exercised in that area prior to and during fieldinvestigations. Volatile organic and radiation monitoring willbe performed during all field activities. During all intrusivefield activities (drilling and soil sampling), air monitoringfor radiation will be performed.

2.6 EXPEDITED RESPOSE ACTION

The potential for the use of private wells for potable watersupply exists. Following the identification of 3 residentialwells (COM, 1987), the NJDEP sampled 2 of the wells (NJDEP,1987) in 1987.

Based on the results, one resident was told to discontinue useof water for potable purposes due to the presence of 1,1,1-trichloroethane at a level of 500 ppb (__ ug/1) and 1,1-dichloroethene at a level of 6.4 ppb. The other resident, wastold that use of the water could conintue, but that chloroformhad been detected at a level of 4.7 ppb.

597126b

300500

3.0 DETERMINATION OF APPLICABLE OR RELEVANT AND APPROPRIATEREQUIREMENTS (ARARs)

3.1 DETERMINATION OF ARARS

The ARARs preliminarily identified below have been categorizedas "applicable or relevant and appropriate," and "to beconsidered." These listings are based upon EPA guidancepublished pursuant to Section 121 of CERCLA. Section 121 ofCERCLA requires that, subject to specified exceptions, remedialactions be undertaken in compliance with applicable or relevantand appropriate environmental requirements, both State andFederal. The most recent EPA interim guidance was published onAugust 27, 1987 (52 Federal Register 32496).

CERCLA defines ARARs as:

o any standard, requirement, criterion, or limitationunder any federal environmental law; and

o any promulgated standard, requirement, criterion, orlimitation under a state environmental or facilitysiting law that is more stringent than any federalstandard, requirement, criterion, or limitation.

Within these jurisdictional boundaries, EPA guidance segregatesARARs in accordance with the activity they are expected toaffect. ARARs that relate to the level of substance,contaminant or pollutant allowed are calledcontaminant-specific; ARARs that relate to the characteristicsof the site are called location-specific; and ARARs that relateto a method of remedial response are called action-specific.

3.2 CONSIDERATION OF ARARS DURING THE RI/FS

Note that as the RI/FS process continues, more ARARs,particularly as guidance is provided by the State of New Jersey,will be considered and developed. Specifically, ARARs will beconsidered at six key intervals.

1) Task 1 and 3 - Scoping of the Field Investigation andAnalyses (see Section 5.1, 5.3): Consider ARARs whendetermining the data to be collected in the fieldinvestigation.

2) Task 6 - Public Health Evaluation (see Subsection 5.6):Consider ARARs during the analysis of risk to public healthand the environment.

3) Task 9 - Development of Remedial Response Objectives (seeSubsection 5.9.1): Compare site data base to ARARs.

60

300501

4) Task 9 - Identification of Applicable Technologies andAssembly of Alternatives (see Subsection 5.9.2): UtilizeARARs specific to site conditions for development of actionlevels, specific response objectives, and remedialalternatives relative to criteria defined in 40 CFR300.68(f). Also, identify ARARs that apply to theformulated alternatives.

5) Task 9 - Screening of Remedial Technologies/Alternatives(see Subsection 5.9.2): Consider ARARs when assessing theeffectiveness of an alternative, as defined in 40 CFR300.68(g)(3).

6) Task 10 - Remedial Alternatives Evaluation (see Subsection5.10.2): Evaluate each alternative to the extent itattains or exceeds ARARs, as defined in 40 CFR 300.68

The conclusions on ARARs reached at these intervals will be usedas a guide to evaluate the appropriate extent of site cleanup,to aid in scoping and formulating proposed treatmenttechnologies and to govern the implementation/operation of theselected action. As with the preliminary identification(Section 3.3), they are developed by taking into account thefollowing:

o contaminants suspected to be at the site;

o chemical and radiological analyses to be performed;

o types of media to be sampled;

o geology and other site characteristics;

o use of the resource/media;

o level of exposure and risk;

o potential transport mechanisms;

o purpose and application of the potential ARARs; and

o remedial alternatives that will be considered for thesite.

3.3 PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF ARARS FOR THE LODI MUNICIPALWELL SITE

3.3.1 Potential Applicable or Relevant and AppropriateRequirements

The NCP and the EPA Interim Guidance define applicablerequirements as the Federal requirements for hazardous

300502

substances that specifically address site circumstances, andthat would be legally applicable at the site if this responsewere not undertaken under CERCLA. Relevant and appropriaterequirements are defined as those Federal requirements that,while not applicable, are designed to apply to similar problemsto those encountered at this site. Requirements may be relevantand appropriate if they would be applicable but forjurisdictional prerequisites associated with the requirement.With respect to the selection of remedial alternatives, relevantand appropriate requirements are to be afforded the same weightand consideration as applicable requirements. The followingFederal and New Jersey regulatory requirements could bepotentially applicable or relevant and appropriate to the LodiMunicipal Well Site.

1) Contaminant-Specific

A preliminary summary listing of numerical concentrations anddoses for contaminants of concern at the Lodi Municipal Wellssite are presented in Tables 3-1, 3-2, and 3,3. Note thatTables 3-1 to 3-3 include contaminant values from all threecategories discussed in this section: Applicable, relevant andappropriate, and to be considered.

Federal

o Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLS),Maximum Contaminant Level Coals (MCLGS) (40 CFR 141).

o RCRA Groundwater Protection Standards (40 CFR 264, SubpartF).

o Clean Water Act Water Quality Criteria

o EPA Health and Environmental Protection Standards forUranium and Thorium Mill Tailings (40 CFR 192)

o NRC Limitation on Radioactivity in Effluents toUnrestricted Areas (10 CFR 20 Appendix B, Table 2).

New Jersey

o Groundwater Quality Standards (NJAC 7:9-6)

o Air Emission Standards for Toxic Substances (NJAC 7:27-17)

o NJPDES Values for Toxic Effluent Limitations (NJAC 7:14AAppendix F, 7.9-5.7 (whole effluent bioassay)).

o New Jersey Surface Water Quality Criteria (NJAC 7:9-4)

o New Jersey Maximum Permissible Concentrations ofRadioactive Materials in Air and Water (NJAC 7:28)

7126b 300503

JA.ni r 3 j.LUDI RADIONUCLIDES PQSSIBLL CONTAMINANT - SPECIF1C. ARARS

NJAC 7:28-6.5

(Ti

FEDERAL SAFE NJ RADIOLOGICAL STANDARDS PROTECIION STUDIES FORDRINKING WATER FOR NON-OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES.. ... URAN.&THOR. MILLTAIL.

RADIOACTIVITY

Gross Alpha<c'U-238

U-234Th-232Th-228Ra-228Ra-226Rn-222

Gross BetaCs-134Sr-90Sr-89H-3

Other Man-madeRadionuclides

ACT MCLS MAXIMUM AVERAGE CONCENTRATION V" Air^1' Land GW(pCi/1) (pCi/1)

Water Air

'5(d) 600/40, 000<e> 3xlO-3/5xlO'3 <e) 15

4. 000/30, 000<e) 2xlO-2/4xlQ-3<e>5 pCi/g 9

- - - 15 pCi/g<h)5<»). (d) 30/30, 00fl(e) 2xlO~3/lxlO~3ê) - 5 pCi/g'9)5<a), (d) 30/30. 000(e) 3x10~3/2xlO~3(e) - 15 pCi/g<h'- - 20pCi/m2sec.

or 0.5 pCi/1in backgroundair concentration

(b)

8

20,000

(b)

(a) Sum of Ra-226 and Ra-228 cannot exceed 5 pCt/1(b) Radionuclides in drinking water are limited to activity levels corresponding to a total body or any internal organ dose of 4 mrem/yr summed over all

radionuclides present.

(c) Excluding Radon and Uranium

(d) Applicable to community water systems only, but CERCLA also uses these values for other drinking water exposures.

Soluble limit/Insoluble limit

U-235: Water 4, 000/30, 000<f> Air 2xlO~2/4xlO-3<f)

Averaged over the 1st 15 cm of soil below the surface

Averaged over 15 cm thick layers of soil more than 15 cm below the surface.

Also stds. for inside occupied or habitable buildingsdecay

" decay

OOUT

<e>

<f)

(9)(h)

7197b

TABLE 3-1 (Cont'd)

LODI RADIONUCLIDES POSSIBLE CONTAMINANT - SPECIFIC ARARS (Cont'd)

10 CFR 20.106RADIOACTIVITY IN EFFLUENTSTO UNRESTRICTED AREAS

10 CFR 20APPENDIX B

TABLE II-CONC. .ABOVE BACKGROUND^

RADIOACTIVITY

Gross Alpha(c)

U-238

U-234

Th-232

Th-228

Ra-228

Ra-226

Rn-222

AIR(pCi/1)

3x10-3/5x10-3 (e>

2xlO~2/4xlO-3 («)

1x10-3/1x10-3 <•>

3X10-4/2X10-4 <e)

2x10-3/1x10-3 (*)

3x10-3/2x10-3 («>

3<J>

Water(pCi/1)

40,000/40, 000<e>

30, 000/30, 000<e)

2, 000/40. 000<e>

7,000/1.000<e>

30/30. 000<e>

30/30,000<e>

-

RADIOACTIVITY

Gross Beta

Cs-134(k)

Sr-90

Sr-89

H-3

Other Man-madeRadionuclides

AIR(PCi/1)

1/0. 4(e)

0.03/0.2<e)

0.3/1.0<e>

200/200(e>

(1)

_Water_(pCi/1)

9, 000/40. 000<e>

300/40. 000 *)

3, 000/30, 000<e>

3,000,000/3,000,000<e)

(1)

'J' These radon concentrations are appropriated for protection from radon-222 combined with its short-lived daughters. Alternatively, the value in TableI may be replaced by one-third (1/3) "working level". A "working level" is defined as any combination of short-lived radon-222 daughters, polonium-218,lead-214, bismuth-214 and polonium-214, in one liter of air without regard to the degree of equilibrium, that will result in the ultimate emission of1.3x105 MeV of alpha particle energy.(•) The Table II value may be replaced by one-thirtieth (1/30) of a "working level." The limit on radon-22;concentrations in restricted areas may be based on an annual average.

Stable, not C$-134m

Any single radionuclide not listed above with decay mode other than alphaemission or spontaneous fission and with radioactive half-life greater than 2 hours.

Any single radionuclide not listed above, which decays by alpha emission or spontaneous fission.

Other Particular Radionuclides ared listed.

Air (pCi/1)0.1

2x10~5

Water (pCi/1)3,000

30

COoo

7197b

TABLE 3-2

LODI ORGANICS POSSIBLE CONTAMINANT - SPECIFIC ARARS

ORGANICS

Carbon Tetrachloride 5

Trichloroethene 5

Bromoform

Bromodichloromethane

Dibromochloromethane

1,2-dichloroethane 5

1,1 dichloroethane 5

trans 1,2-di-chloroethene

1,1,1-Trichloroethane 200

1,1,2.2 Tetrachloroethane

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethene

Chloroform (a)

Methylene Chloride

Chlorobenzene

Total VOC

Total Trihalomethanes 100

FEDERAL SAFEDRINKING WATER ACT HCLs

(ug/D

NJFEDERAL SAFE INSTITUTE

DRINKING WATER ACT (MCLs) RECOMMENDATION(ug/1) (ug/1)

0 2

0 1

-

-

-

0 2

-

70 10

200 26

-

0 1_

NJDEPGW CORRECTIVEACTION CRITERIA

(ug/1)

5

5

50(b)

50(b)

50(b)

5

50(b)

50(b)

200

5

5

5

60

2

4 50(b)

NJOEP-OWR JAN 1986DRINKING WATER GUIDANCE

N.J. INTERIM ACTION LEVELS________IN DRINKING WATER

(ug/1)LEV.I LEV.II LEV.Ill I TV, r

0-0.27 0.27-2.7 2.7-27 >27

0-3.1 3.1-30 30-309 >309

0-0.7 0.7-7 7-70 >70

0-27 27-148 148-270 >270

0-20 20-110 110-200 >200

0-0.67 0.67-6.6 6.6-66 >66

0-4.8 4.8-47 47-479 >479

(a) MCL for total tricalomethane concentration is 100 ug/1

(b) The NJ interim criteria for total volatile organic toxic po11utants(acry1onitrile, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane,1,1-dichloroethene, methylene chloride, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, vinyl chloride, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, acrolein,bromoform, chlorobenzene, chlorodibromomethane, chloroethane, 2-chloroethylvinyl ether, dichlorobromomethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dich-1oropropane,1,3-dichloropropane, ethylbenzene, methyl bromide, methyl chloride, toluene, 1,2-trans-dichloroethene).Level I - No recommended action, random spot check sampling.

(c) Value of 5-1 isted in NJDEP Group A.

COooen

TABLE 3-2 (Cont'd)


EPA HEALTH ADVISORIES LIFETIMEDRINKING WATER

LIFETIMEWITH RELATIVENAS

ACCEPTABLECLEAN WATER ACT»

WATER QUALITY CRITERIA

ORGANIC^ - CHILD -

CARBON TETRA-CIILORIDE 71

TRICHLORO-ETHENE

BROMOFORM

BROMODICHLORO-METHANE

DIBROMOCHLORO-METHANE

1,2 DICHLOROETHANE 740

1,1 DICHLOROETHANE

TRANS 1,2 DICHLORO-ETHENE 1,000

1,1,1 TRICHLORO-ETHANE 35.000

1,1,2,2-TETRA-CHLOROETHANE

1,1,2,2 TETRA-CHLOROETHENE 1.940

CHLOROFORM

METHYLENE CHLORIDE

CHLOROBENZENE 9,000

TOTAL VOC

TOTAL TRIHALOMETHANES

LONGER TERM LONGER TERM EQUIVALENT LEVELS DAILY INTAKE AQUATIC ORGANISMS DRINKING WATER- ADULT - - ADULT - _ljngAg)__ ft_nRINKJNG_WATERJug/l) ONLY

250

2.600

35,000

125,000

6,800

30,000

25

260

NA

350

1,000

500

3,150

0.094

0 (0.4)

0 (2.7)

0 (0.94)

Insuf. Data

Insuf. Data

18,400

0 (0.17)

0 (0.8)

0 (0.19)

0 (0.42)

0 (2.8)

0 (0.94)

Insuf. Data

Insuf. Data

19,000

0 (0.17)

0 (0.88)0 (0.19)

- VALUES FOR DIFFERENT SPECIES -

COoo

* CONCENTRATIONS IN PARENTHESES CORRESPOND TO MIDPOINT OF RISK RANGE FOR POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS ONLY.ID > INSUFFICIENT DATA.


NJAC 7:14A - 3.17APPENDIX F-PG14A-237

NJ WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACTNJPDES PERMIT TOXIC EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS

TO PROTECT TO PROTECT NJ TOTALPOTABLE WATER SUPPLIES AQUATIC LIFE VOJ£J1LE

10 FRESHORGANICS CANCER RISK (ug/1) TOXICITY WATER

CARBON TETRA-CHLORIDE 0.40 - 35,200

TRICHLOROETHENE 2.7 - 45,000

BROMOFORM -

BROMODICHLOROMETHANE -

DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE -

1,2-DICHLOROETHANE 0.94 - 20,000

1,1-DICHLOROETHANE - -

TRANS 1,2 DICHLORO-ETHENE - -

CT, 1,1,1 -TRICHLOROETHANE - 1 8 , 400 1 8 . 000vj

1,1,2,2-TETRA-CHLOROETHANE 0.17 - 2,400

1,1,2.2 TETRA-CHLOROETHENE 0.8tf> 840

CHLOROFORM 0.19 - 28,900

METHYLENE CHLORIDE -

CHLOROBENZENE - 488<d>

TOTAL VOC

TOTAL TRIHALO-METHANES 0.19<e> ll,000(e)

(c) The New Jersey Interim criteria for total volatile toxic

SALT ORGANICS(UQ/1) WATER ua/1

50,000

2,000

-

-

-

113,000

-

..

31,200

9,020

450<f>

-

-

-

50<c)

6,400{e)

organic toxic pollutants:

(Acrylonitrile, acrolin, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1 ,1-dichloroethene, methylene chloride, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-CO ethane, 1,1 ,2-trichloroethane, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, vinyl chloride, ethylbenzene, toluene, 1,2-dichloropropane, bromoform, chlorodibro-CD momethane, methyl bromide, methyl chloride, chlorobenzene, dibromochloromethane, chloroethane, 2-chloroethylvinylether, 1,1-dichloroethane, tran:Q 1,2-dichloroethane, and trans 1 ,3-dichloropropene)

T.* (d) Monochlorobenzene

OO (e) Halomethanes

(f) NJDEP letter to Steven Luftig - Attachment 1

TABLE 3-2 (Cont'd)

LODI ORGANICS POSSIBLE CONTAMINANT - SPECIFIC ARARS (Cont'd)

Level II - Confirm sampling results; periodic monitoring; recommend alternative water sources and/or appropriate treatment techniques.

Level III - Confirm sampling results; monthly monitoring; develop within one year alternative water supplies and/or appropriate treatment techniques forpublic community water systems; recommend appropriate remedial actions to public noncommunity water systems; and quarterly progress reports from both p u b l i ccommunity and public community water systems.

Level IV - Confirm sampling results; immediate remedial action for both public community and public noncommunity water systems.

CO

to.

CO

7197b

TABLE 3-3

LODI CONVENTlONALS/OTHERS POSSIBLE CONTAMINANT - SPECIFIC ARMS

FEDERAL SAFEDRINKING WATERACT (ug/1) MCL

1400 - 2400

COo

INORGANICS/OTHERS

FLUORIDE

CARBONATE

BICARBONATE

SULFATE

TDS

TSS

CHLORIDE

ACIDITY

HARDNESS

AMMONIA-N

NITRATE/NITRITE 10,000

TKN

TOC

PHOSPHATE

BOD

COD

PH

ELECTRICAL COND.

NICKEL

CAFFEINE

D-LIMONENE

ALPHA-PINENE

FEDERAL SAFEDRINKING WATERACT (ua/1) HCLGS

250.000

500,000

250.000

10.000<»>l,000<b>

6.5 - 8.5

______(a) Nitrates(6) Nitrites(c) None Identified(d) Lifetime with R5C (adult) is 150 (43*)

EPA AMBIENT WATERQUALITY CRITERIA FORPROTECTION OF HUMANJjEALTH_L£l__

(ug/1)AQUATIC ORG. & DRINKING WATERDRINKING WATER ONLY_____

EPA DRINKING WATER HEALTH ADVISORIES(10 kg) (10 kg) (70 kg)LONGER LONGERTERM TERM (70 kg)CHILD ADULT LIFETIME

10.000<»>l,000<b>

13.4 15.4 100 350 350«>

-Jo

COOOen

TABLE 3-3 (Cont'd)

POSSIBLE CONTAMINANT - SPECIFIC ARARSLODI CONVENTIONALS/OTHERS

INORGANICS/OTHERS

FLUORIDE

NJ GW QUALITYCRITERIA(CUSS GW-2)

PRIMARY (ug/1) SECONDARY

2.000

CARBONATE

BICARBONATE

SULFATE - 250.000

TDS - 500,

TSS

CHLORIDE - 250.000

ACIDITY

HARDNESS

AMMONIA-N 500

NITRATE/NITRITE 10,000<a>

TKN

TOC

PHOSPHATE

BOD

COD

PH - 5-0

FLFCTRICAL COND.

NTC.KFL

CAFFEINE

0-LIMONENE

ALPHA-PINENE

(a) Nitrate(b) Suspended Solids-non-filterable residue(c) No increase in background that would affect the

aquatic biotia or designated water uses or 500,000ug/1, whichever is more stringent.

NJ SW QUALITYCRITERIA

(CLASS FV-21 WHESEfKOKT(ug/1) LIMITATIONS

Alkalinityas CaCC>3

250.000

(c)

40.000<b>

250.0000

TO PROTECTAQUATIC LIFE

FRESH SALTWATER (ug/1) WATER

6.5-8.556(d)(e)

(d) 24-hour average(e) At a hardness of 50,000 ug/1 as CaC03 for

Freshwater Aquatic Life(f) .Class 2 groundwaters must have TDS

levels <500,000 ug/1 by definition

2) Location-Specific

This section addresses ARARs which place restrictions on theconduct of activities in particular locations, i.e., thefloodplain of the Saddle River.

Federal

o Executive Order on Floodplain Management (E.O. 11988)(CERCLA Floodplain Assessment)

New Jersey

o Flood Hazard Control Act Requirements (NJAC 7:8) (StreamEncroachment)

3) Action-Specific

This section addresses ARARs which set controls or restrictionsupon the particular remedial activities that may be selected toaccomplish a remedy. For each ARAR the potential remedialactivity affected is noted in parenthesis.

Federal

o Safe Drinking Water Act Underground Injection Requirements(Reinjection of Treated Groundwater)

o Clean Water Act NPDES Stormwater Runoff Requirements(Discharge of Treated Groundwater to Storm Sewer or SurfaceWater Body)

o Clean Air Act NESHAPS Requirements (Discharge of Air fromAir Stripper)

o Clean Water Act Effluent Limitations Guidelines forUranium/Radium Mining, Organic Chemicals, Manufacturing(Groundwater Treatment)

o RCRA Hazardous Waste Treatment Facility Standards,(Groundwater Treatment)

New Jersey

o NJPDES Discharge to Groundwater Requirements (Reinjection ofTreated Groundwater)

o NJPDES Discharge to Surface Water Requirements (Discharge ofTreated Groundwater to Storm Sewer or Surface Water Body)

o Air Emission Standards (Discharge of Air from Air Stripper)

7126b 300512

o NJPDES/Passaic Valley Sewer Correction, PretreatmentRequirements (Discharge of Treated Groundwater to LodiSanitary Sewers)

o Water Supply Requirements (Discharge of treated groundwaterto potable water treatment system, provision of alternativedrinking water supply)

o Maximum Permissible Concentration of Radioactive Materialsin Water (Reinjection of Treated Groundwater)

o Surface Water Quality Standards (Discharge of TreatedGroundwater to Surface Water Body)

3.3.2 Potential "To Be Considered" Requirements

When ARARs do not exist for a particular chemical or when theexisting ARARs are not protective of human health or theenvironment, other promulgated criteria advisories and guidancemay be useful in developing a remedial alternative. Thesecriteria, advisories and guidance were developed by EPA, otherFederal agencies and the State of New Jersey. The concepts anddata underlying these requirements may be used at the site in anappropriate way. The following Federal and State of New Jerseyregulatory requirements could be considered:

1) Contaminant - Specific

Federal

o EPA Drinking Water Health Advisories (Suggested No AdverseResponse Levels (SNARLS))

o National Academy of Science Acceptable Daily Intake (ADDValues

New Jersey

o New Jersey Interim Groundwater Cleanup Guidance (NJDEP2/19/87 ARAR Listing, Attachment 8)

o New Jersey Drinking Water Guidance (NJDEP 2/19/87 ARARListing, Attachment 7)

2) Location - Specific

None identified to date.

3) Action - Specific

None identified to date.

300513

4.0 PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES

The purpose of this section is to identify potential remedialalternatives which are consistent with the available informationregarding contamination at the site. In addition, methodologiesand sources of information to be used in developing performancecriteria for the evaluation and screening of alternatives areaddressed.

4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES

Several classes of remedial alternatives must be considered tomeet the requirements of the Super fund Amendments andReauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986. The classes of remedialalternatives to be evaluated include the following:

o treatment that would eliminate the need for long-termmanagement;

o permanent solution, or the use of alternative treatmentor resource recovery technologies;

o treatment alternatives that would reduce toxicity,mobility, or volume;

o an alternative that relies on containment with littleor no treatment; and

o no-action

Based on the available site information from EPA and NJDEP filesinitial REM III team site visits review of COM work plan (1987)and discussion with EPA, remedial alternatives will be developedfor ground water alone. If a contaminant source that involvessoil, surface water, or sediment contamination is identified infuture phases of the study, additional alternatives will bedeveloped to address these media at that time.

The following preliminary remedial alternatives have beenidentified for further review and evaluation:

Treatment that Would Eliminate the Need for Long—term Management

Theoretically pumping and treating the contaminated ground wateris one viable remedial alternative that could effectivelycleanup the site and eliminate the need for long-term managementif the source(s) of ground water contamination can beidentified, the number of sources is small, and source(s) areeffectively eliminated or no longer exist.

If contamination is widely dispersed throughout the aquifer,treatment at the well head would only be effective for usingground water as a potable supply at localized points and would

737126b

300514

not remediate contaminants throughout the entire affectedaquifer.

Permanent Solution, or the Use of Alternative Treatment ofResource Recovery Technologies

Again, pump and treat options with source control (ifapplicable) would be a suitable permanent solution only if thethe source(s) of groundwater contamination can be identified,the number of sources is small, and the sources are effectivelyeliminated or no longer exist. Specific alternative treatmenttechnologies will be developed in future project phases.Feasible ground water extraction methods and disposal (e.g.,on-site treatment with reinjection, reuse as a potable watersupply or diversion to a local sewage treatment facility) willalso be developed.

Treatment to Reduce Toxicity. Mobility, and/or Volume

It is anticipated that any pump and treat scenario developedwill reduce both the toxicity and the volume of the contaminatedground water.

No Action

The contaminated ground water will not be contained, diverted,removed, or treated. This may be an appropriate choice only ifthe observed contamination has been diluted, dispersed anddegraded so that current contaminant concentrations do notexceed the ARARs.

If contaminant levels are detected above drinking waterstandards, part of the No Action alternative would be to abandonthe contaminated aquifer, and process and drinking water wouldbe obtained from an alternate supply (Passaic Valley WaterCompany, Hackensack Water Company, etc.). Although most processand drinking water is currently supplied by regional watercompanies, a small percentage of water used in the area stillcomes from the affected aquifer.

In addition, combinations of these alternatives may beappropriate and will be evaluated. Table 4-1 presents thesepreliminary alternatives along with potential componenttechnologies. A containment option has not been included aspart of a remedial alternative, because a localized contaminantsource has not yet been identified. Additional alternatives,which may include containment and in-situ processes, may bedeveloped depending on the results of the remedial investigation.

4.2 EVALUATION CRITERIA

During the Phase I remedial investigation, the preliminaryremedial alternatives will not be evaluated. In future phases

747126b

300515

TABLE 4-1

PRELIMINARY REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES

Remedial action Alternative componenttechnology

No Action

Alternative drinking water supply

Ground water pumping andtreatment (on-site oroff-site)

- Periodic monitoring

(Passaic Valley WaterCommission and HackensackWater Company)

- Pumping- Biological treatment- Physical/chemical

treatment:Air strippingCarbon adsorptionCoagulation/filtrationUltrafiltration ormembraneseparation (e.g. reverse

osmosis)UV/OzonationIon exchange

- Ground water reinjection- Discharge to surface water- Discharge to municipal

sewer system- Discharge to potable

water treatment system.

Source: Camp Dresser McKee Inc., 1987

7126b75

300516

of the project, remedial alternatives for both the source (ifapplicable) and the ground water contamination will be evaluatedin accordance with the guidance provided under SARA. Theremedial alternatives developed will consist of potentialtreatment technologies and/or disposal options that will belongto one of the five categories listed above. The alternativeswill first be screened considering effectiveness,implementability/ and cost. Cost will only be used todistinguish between alternatives yielding similar results, andnot between treatment and nontreatment alternatives.

Innovative technologies will be carried through the screeningprocess if there is a reasonable belief that they offer thepotential for better treatment performance or implementability,fewer adverse impacts of implementation than availabletechnologies, or significantly lower costs than demonstratedtechnologies.

The remedial alternatives identified that remain after theinitial screening will then be evaluated further. The criteriafor screening will consist of technical feasibility,environmental and public health impacts, institutionalconstraints, performance criteria, and cost. Screening willbegin during phase II data evaluation, with some alternativeseliminated as sufficient data is available to make that decision.

The primary screening criteria are discussed below.

The alternatives that remain after the initial screening willthen be evaluated considering:

o effectiveness;

o implementability; and

o cost

The effectiveness of an alternative will be judged on itsability to attain ARARs, its protectiveness of human health andthe environment, the reliability associated with implementation,and its ability to reduce the toxicity, mobility or volume ofcontaminated material. Under the SARA guidelines the emphasison risk reduction focuses on alternatives that reduce thetozicity, mobility or volume of the contaminated material,rather than those that prevent exposure.

The implementability of an alternative will depend on itstechnical feasibility as well as administrative feasibility, andthe availability of requisite technology, equipment, and skills.

Costs will be estimated to achieve an accuracy within plus 100to minus 50 percent. The screening costs of remedialtechnologies will be based on capital and operation and

767126b

300517

maintenance (G&K) costs. After developing screening cost data,a present worth analysis will be performed for both the capitaland other expenditures.

4.3 POST SCREENING FIELD ACTIVITIES

Data gaps may exist with regard to the list of alternatives tobe analyzed. An addendum to this work plan will be developed toinclude the appropriate scope of work (SOW) and an estimatedlevel of effort (LOE) and costs. The objective of the SOW willbe to collect data sufficient to make a well-substantiatedremedy selection decision. At a minimum, the SOW will include aliterature search, yet may also include such tasks as definingtest equipment, developing pilot tests, treatability studies,and pumping test. Additional field data necessary to close datagaps or further assess alternatives could also be undertaken aspart of this step.

4.4 IDENTIFICATION OF DATA REQUIREMENTS

In order to complete the remedial investigation, a variety ofdata must be collected and evaluated. Phase I data collectionefforts will be designed to:

o identify the contaminant source or sources;

o identify the extent and magnitude of ground watercontamination; and

o identify potential receptors

Field investigations will focus on developing hydrogeologicaland water quality data bases. Much of the information collectedwill be useful in satisfying all three of the goals statedabove. Data requirements that follow may be performed insubsequent phases of the investigation.

4.4.1 Ground Water

As previously described, the bedrock aquifer underlying the siteis contaminated with volatile organic compounds inconcentrations that exceed New Jersey potable water guidelinesand ground water criteria. Radionuclides and heavy metals werealso detected in certain municipal wells. Because of thelimitations of the existing analytical data, additional samplingwill be required to more accurately quantify the extent ofground water contamination within the Passaic Member in the Lodiarea and to potentially locate the source(s) of thecontamination.

Ground water samples from specific Lodi municipal wells andspecific private and industrial wells will be analyzed forTarget Compound List (TCL) parameters (volatile organics,

77 300518

semivolatile organics, inorganics), radionuclides, and somespecific conventional and indicator parameters.

The installation of monitoring well and the measurement of waterlevel in this and other wells will be required to characterizethe gradient and direction of ground water flow. Slug tests,pump tests, and packer tests will be necessary to determine thehydrologic properties, including hydraulic conductivity, of theaquifer.

4.4.2 Surface Water

Surface water flow pathways via the Saddle River and theindustrial sewer system will be investigated to determine theextent of contaminant migration. These tasks may include:

o sampling of the Saddle River for analysis of TCL,conventional parameters, and radionuclide contaminants.

o evaluation of the integrity of the Lodi sewer systemand the possibility that it may function as acontaminant migration pathway.

4.4.3 Sediment

Sediment sampling of the Saddle River will be performed todetermine if contamination is present.

4.4.4 Industry Survey

A survey of local industries will be used to identify potentialcontaminant sources. Where ground water sampling resultsindicate specific distributions of chemicals similar to those atlocal industries, a site inspection will be made at eachfacility identified as a potential source. The site inspectionwould serve to confirm the facility's location relative to thecontaminant plume; to further define the chemicals used at thefacility; and to construct a spill history, when possible, forthe operation.

4.4.5 Air

An air monitoring program will be undertaken during fieldinvestigations to assure the health and safety of the fieldinvestigators.

4.5 REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION/FEASIBILITY STUDY OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the RI/FS are to:

o quantify the type and extent of contamination in theground water;

o quantify the type and extent of contamination in thesurface water bodies and assess its relationship toground water quality;

787126b

300515

o identify the source(s) of contamination;

o develop and evaluate remedial alternatives, consistentwith the National Contingency Plan (NCP) and SARA, thatwill effectively cleanup and/or prevent furthermigration of the contamination found in the groundwater, surface water, sediments and air; and

o recommend the most cost-effective remedial action.

The objectives of the initial phase of the project are morelimited in scope and are discussed in Section 5. The results ofthe first phase will be used to guide the remainder of the study.

7126b 300520

5.0 SCOPE OF WORK

The source and the extent of contamination of ground waterobserved at the Lodi Municipal Well site have yet to bedetermined. To cost-effectively determine the aforementioned,the Lodi Municipal Well's RI/FS will be conducted using a phasedapproach. The initial phase, (Phase I) will concentrate ondetermining ground water quality, flow and source evaluation.Phase II, if required, will focus on a more detailed sourceevaluation coupled with a feasibility study.

The Phase I investigation will maximize the use of currentlyavailable sampling points e.g. the municipal wells and localdomestic and industrial wells. The objectives of the Phase Iinvestigation are to:

o estimate the nature and approximate extent of groundwater contamination, both horizontally and vertically;

o estimate the direction of ground water flow;

o determine stratigraphic and structural characteristicsof the Passaic Member of the Brunswick Formation;

o determine the hydraulic relationship of the bedrockaquifer to the overlying glacial sediments and to theSaddle River;

o evaluate the potential contribution of natural uraniumdeposits within the Passaic Member of the BrunswickFormation to the source;

o examine the potential for the surface water andsediments in the Saddle River as an upstream source;

o identify, if possible, other source(s) of the observedcontamination; and

o identify downgradient receptors who may be at risk fromdrinking contaminated ground water.

Table 5-1 summarizes the field activities proposed to be§erformed during Phase I. The activities (field investigations,ata collection, and evaluation efforts) described in this Work

Plan were developed to complete the project in an efficient andcost-effective manner. The phased approach allows futureefforts to be better focused and resources more effectivelyutilized.

It is assumed that EPA's Eastern Environmental RadiationFacility (EERF) will perform the radiological analysis duringthe Phase I activities. Therefore, no costs have been included

300521

TABLE 5-1

SUMMARY OF PHASE I FIELD INVESTIGATION

Item Phase I Activities Objectives

Geology Drill 1 test boring tobedrock near Home Place well.

Downhole camera - up to fivemunicipal wells.

Kultispectral gamma logging -up to five municipal wells andthe one new monitoring well.

Identify zones of potentialradioactivity.

Identify fracture zones.

Locate zones ofanomolous gammaradiation.

Subsurface Continuous split spoon samplingSoil Sam- in the test boring with fieldpling screening for VOCs and radio-

activity. Three (3) samples tobe taken for chemical and radio-logical parameter analyses.

Analyze drill cuttings for TCLcompounds, organic and inorganicTCLP , and radiologicalparameters.

Identify subsurface soilcontamination.

Identify degree of sub-surface soil contamina-tion and determine methodof disposing of soil fromdrilling cuttings.

Hydrology Collect one Shelby tube samplefrom any clay formation in thetest boring and analyze forvertical permeability, grainsize, and Atterberg limits.

Complete the one test boring asa monitoring well.

Survey elevation and location ofavailable wells (maximum 15).

Perform vertical head distribu-tion testing (2 intervals)using packers in two municipalwells.

Perform vertical head distibu-tion testing (3 intervals) usingpackers in two municipal wells.

Evaluate hydraulic conduc-tivity of overburden.

Evaluate shallow aquiferwater quality.

Evaluate vertical headdistribution.

Evaluate relationship be-tween overburden and bed-rock flow systems.

Evaluate relationship be-tween overburden and bed-rock flow systems.

7126b81 300522

TABLE 5-1


(CONTINUED)


Hydrology Monitor water level elevation of(Cont'd) up to 15 locations for approxi-

mately 5 months (monthly).

Evaluate variation in hydro-lie gradients over time.

GroundwaterQuality

Discrete interval sampling (2intervals) using packers intwo municipal wells.

Discrete interval sampling (2intervals) using packers intwo municpal wells.

Analysis of 10 discrete samplesfrom the packers for TCL VOAs,conventional, and 1C compoundsat a CLP lab and radiologicalparameters at EERF.

Evaluate vertical extent ofground water contamination.

Evaluate vertical extent ofground water contamination.

Evaluate vertical extent ofgroundwater contamination.

GroundwaterSampling

Sample up to 15 wells

Analyze up to 15 samples for fullTCL (organic and inorganic),conventional and CIC.

Determine contaminantdistribution


Analyze up to 15 samples forradiological parameters atEERF.


Surface Collect four surface waterWater samples from Saddle River orSampling tributary

Analyze four samples for TCL(organic and inorganic), conven-tional, and OIC at a CLP lab.

Determine nature and extentof surface water contamina-tion.

Determine nature and extentof surface water contamina-tion.

7126b82

300523

TABLE 5-1


(CONTINUED)


SurfaceWaterSampling(Cont'd)

Anaylyze four samples forradiological parametersat EERF.

Determine nature andextent of surface watercontamination.

Sediment/SurfaceSoilSampling

Collect four sediment samplesand one soil sample

Analyze five samples for TCL(organic and inorganic) and OICat a CLP lab.

Analyze 5 samples for radiologicalparameters at EERF.

Determine nature and extentof sediment/surface soilcontamination

Air Monitor sampling and drillingMonitoring activities with HNU/CVA and

radiological exposure meter.

Determine appropriate levelsof personnel protection.

7126b83

300524

under Task 3 for the preparation of invitation for bids (IFB)and the performance of an audit for these analyses.

After the completion of the Phase I activities, Phase IIinvestigations will be identified, and this Work Plan will berevised through a Technical Direction Memorandum (TDM). Anyrequired Phase II field activities will depend on the results ofPhase I. The following briefly describes how Phase I resultswould influence the activities to be performed during Phase II.

If required, Phase II will consist of a second round of samplingof select municipal, domestic, industrial and monitoring wellsfor indicator compounds. To date most wells have only beenanalyzed for volatile organics and radioactive constituents.The results of the Phase I efforts will also allow thedevelopment and evaluation of a more limited and focused list ofremedial alternatives. While Phase I will expand the analysesto identify additional compounds of concern, specific patternsof ground water contamination may require the installation andsampling of additional monitoring wells in Phase II. Thesewould further define the contaminant plume and the potentialsource(s) of contamination.

Determination of the direction of ground water flow and bothphysical and hydraulic characteristics of the Passaic Memberwould provide critical insight into present and historic sourcelocation(s) and the relationship between possible "upgradient"sources and "downgradient" receptors. This information can alsobe used to guide any future field efforts, risk assessments, andremedial alternative identification development and evaluation.

5.1 TASK 1 - PROJECT PLANNING

5.1.1 Phase I Project Planning (Subtask 1.1)

Phase I Project Planning activities include preparation of thisWork Plan, the Field Operations Plan and associated activities.

5.1.2 Phase II Project Planning (Subtask 1.2)

After the Phase I Field Investigations, Sample Analysis, andData Evaluation have been completed, planning for Phase IIactivities will begin. It is anticipated that amendments tothis Work Plan will be performed through a TDM.

This TDM will summarize the results of the Phase I fieldinvestigations and describe in detail additional work requiredto complete the RI/FS.

3005?5

5.2 TASK 2 - COMMUNITY RELATIONS

As per preliminary discussions with the EPA Region II SuperfundCommunity Relations coordinator, REM III Community RelationsPlanning and Implementation support for the Lodi Municipal Wellsite's RI/FS will include the activities described below. Thesubcontractor for community relations is ICF TechnologyIncorporated in Edison, New Jersey.

5.2.1 Community Relations Activities During Project Planning(Subtask 2.1)

A REM III Community Relations Staff (CRS) will develop asite-specific draft and final Community Relations Plan (CRP) forthe Lodi Municipal Well site. The CRP will be based ondiscussions with federal, state, and local officials, as well aswith interested citizens identified by EPA. Tasks in developingthis CRP include:

o reviewing existing site information;

o conducting on-site interviews to identify communityconcerns;

o coordinating activities, as appropriate, with statepersonnel; and

o conducting REM III administrative tasks necessary forpreparing the community relations plan for this site.

Community relations implementation during the project planningphase will consist of providing support and follow-up during onepublic scoping meeting. Assistance will be required incoordinating community relations and technical activities forthe one public meeting, attending one planning session for themeeting, attending the meeting, and preparing the public meetingsummary.

5.2.2 Community Relations Implementation (Subtask 2.2)

REM III community relations staff will assist EPA in conductingone additional public information meeting on the RI/FS for theLodi Municipal Well site. This meeting will explain theremedial investigation and discuss the remedial alternativesanalyzed as part of the feasibility study and provide thefollowing support as requested:

o logistical support to arrange the public meetinglocations and room set up;

o assist EPA and REM III technical staff with a practicerun concerning questions that community members may haveabout the project; and

es 3005267126b

o preparation of audio visual materials as requested byEPA.

The community relations staff will attend one public informationmeeting on the RI/FS and will assist EPA and REM III technicalstaff in preparing the text, layout, graphics, and 200 typesetand printed copies of an update. The update will be used todiscuss RI/FS activities.

The CRS will prepare a Responsiveness Summary following thepublic comment period on the draft RI/FS report. TheResponsiveness Summary will describe the history of communityinvolvement at the site and summarize key community concerns andEPA's responses and will prepare and update the key contactslist. A hard copy of the mailing list will be provided to EPA.A complete set of self-adhesive mailing labels of the mailinglist will also be prepared. An information repository will beestablished by the CRS which will provide local citizens withconvenient access to the Technical Work Plans, CommunityRelations Plans, the RI/FS, and other reports pertaining to theLodi Municipal Well Site. Furthermore, CRS will provide generalplanning, management, analytic, and coordination support to EPAand REK III technical staff during the Lodi Municipal Well RI/FSwhich may include: providing information about concernsexpressed by local officials and residents during the RI/FSprocess; meeting with EPA and REM III technical staff to discussplanning and scheduling of community relations implementationactivities; and routine management and reporting activities.

5.2.3 Community Relations Support (Subtask 2.3)

The REK III team will provide technical support and materialsrequired for presentation at one public information meeting toexplain the RI/FS. The REM III team will attend this meeting toassist in the technical presentation, however, the EPA willprovide the lead role in community relations and chair thepublic meeting.

5.3 TASK 3 - FIELD INVESTIGATIONS

5.3.1 Phase I Field Investigations (Subtask 3.1)

The purpose of Phase I will be to characterize the existingcontamination, estimate the extent and magnitude of thecontamination, begin to identify and characterize thecontaminant source, and identify potential receptors.

5.3.1.1 Preparatory Activities

o Procure Secure Storage Area

A secure storage area is required to provide storage ofcontaminated protective clothing and expendables, well cuttings

7126b 3005??

from the ground water monitoring well installation, and otherpotentially contaminated materials generated during fieldinvestigations.

The REK III team will assist EPA in selecting a secure storagearea and negotiating any necessary storage fees with the ownerof the property. All contaminated protective clothing and otherexpendable items will be screened to determine which materialsmust be drummed for storage. Cuttings from the monitoring wellinstallation will be placed in drums for storage and then TCLPscreened to determine the method of disposal. It is anticipatedthat an area will be provided by the Borough of Lodi to storedrummed waste materials. Equipment such as tanker trucks, tostore liquids would also be kept here. A locked fence aroundthis area will be constructed for security.

o Procure Subcontractor Services

Seven major subcontractors will be required to perform tasksnecessary to complete the Phase I investigations. Thesubcontractors are:

o a New Jersey-licensed surveyor;

o a New Jersey-licensed well driller;

o a firm providing downhole geophysical and radiologicallogging services;

o waste disposal contractor;

o waste water disposal contractor;

o tanker contractor; and

o fence contractor

A Statement of Vvork (SOW) will be prepared for a NewJersey-licensed land surveyor to survey the monitoring and Lodimunicipal wells. If industrial/private wells are identifiedwhere static water level measurement may be easily obtained,these wells will also be included in the survey.

An Statement of Work (SOW) will be prepared for a New Jersey-licensed well driller to perform a soil boring, and install anddevelop the monitoring well. A well contractor will also berequired to remove all mechanical devices within the existingmunicipal and other wells, where necessary, to obtain waterlevel measurements and samples. Installation and removal ofpackers and evacuation of municipal wells for sampling will beincluded in this IFB. A prebid on-site meeting will also beheld.

87 3005287126b

A Request for Proposal (RFP) will be developed for downholegeophysical and radiological logging to define stratigraphic andhydrogeologic characteristics of the Passaic Member of theBrunswick Formation.

The bids will be sent to qualified firms, and the proposals andbids will be evaluated. Selection of the lowest cost qualifiedbidder will be recommended and a pre-award meeting will be heldwith the lowest cost qualified bidder prior to final contractaward.

A tanker contractor will be obtained to store and transportwater for treatment and disposal at a predetermined location.Waste and waste water disposal contractors, if needed, will beretained once an evaluation of contamination has occurred.A fence contractor will be obtained to install a fence around awaste and supply storage area. The tanker, disposer(s), andfence contractors will be obtained from RFQ submittals.

o Investigate Private Wells

Prior to sampling domestic and industrial wells during Phase Ifield activities, an inspection of these wells will be made todetermine their accessibility for obtaining a sample and waterlevel measurements. Access to the wells for inspection andtaking samples is the responsibilily of EPA.

o Obtain Site Access

For the purpose of performing the field activities describedherein, the REM III team requests EPA to obtain access andpermission to enter buildings or housing, install monitoringwells, sample existing municipal, industrial and residentialwells, and to enter all other properties as required. A listwill be supplied to EPA with the address and owner of each well.

If requested, the REM III technical team will assist EPA inpreparing letters that request access to the identifiedproperties, distribute the letters via registered mail, andcompile responses. EPA will be responsible for addressing anyrelated inquiries from industries,residents, and municipalities. EPA will also be responsible forobtaining all required access and resolving all associatedlegalities.

o Arrange for Disposal of Waste Materials

Prior to field work, arrangements will be made to dispose ofground water that would be evacuated prior to sample collection.The NJDEP and USEPA have reached an agreement to allow 10,000gallons of water per well to be discharged, if the discharge

, I , « K 8 8 3005P97126b

water contains less than 100 ppb VOC's. The water will besprayed into the Saddle River or adjacent storm sewers atprearranged locations, in accordance with the agreement. Ifwater containing more than 100 ppb VOC's is present in a fulltruck, it will be drummed un|J l the final disposition of thewastes is determined. For schedule cost purposes it is assumedthat all purge water can be disposed of in accordance with theagreement within 48 hrs after purging of each well is complete.

Cuttings and soils generated during well installation will bedrummed, and stored in an enclosed fenced area. A contractorwill be procured to install the fence. The drilling contractorwill be responsible for moving the drums to the fenced area.Composite samples obtained from the drums produced duringdrilling will be sent to a CLP laboratory for TCL parameteranalysis and TCLP toxicity testing, and to EERF for gross alphadetermination. A waste disposal subcontractor will remove thedrums for disposal at a suitable facility based upon the resultsof the analyses.

Other materials that are suspected of being contaminated fromthe field investigations (disposable protective garments) willalso be drummed, and removed by the waste disposalsubcontractor.

o Mobilization

This task includes the organizational efforts necessary toassure successful field investigation activities prior toentering the field. The staff needed for each task must becoordinated, and each team member must be familiar with projectprocedures and their assigned task. Adequate mobilization planswill allow effective and smooth performance of fieldactivities. Mobilization will include:

o coordination with municipal, state, and federal agenciesor their representatives;

o select and set-up a site field office in a trailer;

o confirmation that the storage facility, and equipmentand supplies have been obtained;

o review of utility easements obtained by subcontractors;

o direct a kick-off meeting with project team andsubcontractors for major work element e.g. drilling; and

o mobilization and de-mobilization of all equipment in thef ie ld .

7126b89 300530

5.3.1.2 Air Monitoring

Since the contamination problem at the Lodi Municipal Well siteis primarily confined to the ground water/ exposure tocontaminants via the air route could only occur duringactivities associated with the well sampling and drilling. Airmonitoring with an HNu and/or OVA will be conducted prior to andduring all field activities to determine if any volatile aircontaminants are present above background levels. The purposeof this activity is to assure work safety. The contaminantswith the greatest potential for being present in the air duringintrusive activities or upon opening the well caps are thosepreviously detected in the ground water. These compounds willbe used in evaluating appropriate monitoring equipment andpersonnel protection equipment. No airborne radiologicalparticulates or gases are expected from field investigationactivities. Personnel area monitoring will however be conducted.

5.3.1.3 Subsurface Investigations

Phase I field efforts will concentrate on characterizing thegeology, hydrogeology, and ground water at the site. Theactivities described in the following tasks have severalobjectives: to delineate the extent of contamination in groundwater, surface water and sediments, determine the type andmagnitude of contamination, estimate the direction of groundwater flow, evaluate the contribution of the bedrock to theelevated levels of radioactive materials in the ground water,and identify (if possible) the probable source or sources of theobserved contamination.

o Borehole Logging Techniques

Several types of borehole logging will be performed in thefollowing five (5) municipal wells in Lodi, Home Place, GarfieldAvenue, Lawrence Avenue, Kimming Avenue Number 4 and ArnotStreet. Limited logging of porposed monitoring well (MW-1) willalso be performed. Logging will generate information concerningthe lithology, fractures, water-bearing zones, and the types ofradioactive materials present in the formation. Thisinformation will be used to evaluate ground water flow patternsand to identify types and locations of radioactive materialswithin the bedrock formation that may be contributing toradioactivity in the ground water.

A borehole video camera inspection, gamma spectrometry log,caliper log and spontaneous potential (SP) log will be taken onfive of the municipal wells. A gamma spectromety log will alsobe taken on the shallow monitoring well to be installed near theHome Place Well. The following wells were selected toinvestigate factures and elevated levels of contaminants withinthem, and to provide an aerial distribution of data points:

7126b 90 300531

o Home Place - highest detected radiological contaminantsof all municipal wells.

o Garfield Avenue - highest reported organic contaminationof all municipal wells.

o Lawrence Avenue - aerial distribution.

o Kimmig Avenue Number 4 - aerial distribution.

o Arnot Street - aerial distribution.

The location of these wells (figure 5-1) will generate data toallow the construction of a three dimensional image of thebedrock, and will provide data required to select intervals forpacker testing in certain wells.

The four logging techniques which have been identified arediscussed below.

Video Camera Logging

A video camera produces continuous pictures of a well. Thepictures can be used to identify zones of fracturing within thebedrock, and to select areas for packer testing. The videopictures can be displayed on a standard VCR-television unit.

Gamma Spectrometry Logging

This log will supply information on the abundance and type ofradioisotopes in the formation. This data will be used to helpdetermine the source of the radioactivity discovered in the HomePlace well.

Gamma spectrometry logging measures the intensity of gammaradiation in the borehole and also identifies the source isotopeof the radiation. The energies of the photons emitted bydifferent radioisotopes are distinctive. By measuring thisenergy, the gamma spectrometer produces logs that indicate therelative abundance of uranium, thorium, and potassium in theformation.

Caliper Logging

A caliper log shows the variations with depth in the diameter ofan uncased borehole. It is produced by spring-activated armsthat measure the varying width of the hole as the device isdrawn upward. The caliper log will be compared to theVideocamera, gamma and SP logs to assist in correlating the logs

91 300532

Cl> MIL*

3 MILC«

MMI TEXT

«—— LODI BOROUGH BOUNDARY• WELLS SELECTED FORVIDEO CAMERA. GAMMASPECTROMETRY ASD SP-CAUPER LOGGINGB WELLS TO DE LOGGED ON'LY FOR GAMMA SPECTROMETRY

Adipttd from U.S.G.S . W«h«*kcn. NJ-NY «nd H»ck<n»ck . NJ Qu«dr>n|lc>, Pbolorcvued 1961


PCUREi-lWELLS SELECTED FOR LOGGING


300533

Spontaneous Potential Logging

Spontaneous potential (SP) logging will be performed for thepurpose of lithologic correlation to help understand the localgeology. Since the quantity of fractures is dependent upon therock type, resistivity logs may be useful in differentiatingbetween water bearing zones and aquicludes.

o Test Boring, Monitoring Well Installation,and Removal of Existing Pumps

A test boring will be drilled through the overburden andconverted into a monitoring well near the Home Place well. Theapproximate location of the boring is show on on Figure 5-1 asWell MW-1. the boring and well will be used to characterizesite-specific geology and overburden aquifer characteristics atthis location. Information on the stratigraphy of theoverburden, and the depth and competence of bedrock will beobtained. This information will be used to evaluate anappropriate screened interval for the monitoring well.

The boring will be advanced to competent bedrock, at a maximumestimated depth of 40 feet. If a confining layer is encountered,drilling will temporarily cease at the confining zone. Oneundisturbed soil sample will be collected of the confining(clay) layer (if it exists) to determine vertical permeability,grain size distribution and Atterberg Limits. The drillingcontractor will be responsible for these analyses. When theauger is advanced to refusal, a five-foot rock core will betaken to verify that bedrock has been reached and not just aboulder. Samples will be collected continuously using asplit-spoon or five-foot sampler and will be field screened forradioactivity and total volatile organic compounds (head spaceanalysis) to determine the presence of potential contamination.Up to three samples from the boring may be selected forlaboratory analysis to confirm field measurements.

These samples will be analyzed for the TCL and three otherindicator compounds (caffeine, d-limonene and alpha-pinene) bythe EERF. The analyses will be used to determine the nature,source, and concentration of contamination. Samples that appearto be contaminated as defined from the field screenings will bethe primary samples selected for laboratory analysis. Theremaining soil samples will be retained at the site with thedrilling cuttings.

Once competent bedrock is reached, gamma spectrometry loggingwill be performed. The tool will be lowered inside of theaugers. Downhole geophysical logging will be performed toaccurately characterize subsurface lithology and hydrogeologiccharacteristics. The geophysical logs will be used tocomplement the split-spoon samples and to aid in thedetermination of the extent of fill material. A bentonite plug

937126b

300534

will be placed at the bottom of the hole to eliminate any crosscontamination of the lower bed rock aquifer. Any bentonite usedas a plug, seal, or as part of the grout mixture will beanalyzed for radioactivity to ensure that it is free ofsignificant radionuclides. The soil boring will be convertedinto a 4-inch ground water monitoring well to obtainhydrogeologic and water quality data of the overburden aquiferat the Home Place well. Well installation procedures andmaterials will conform to NJDEP and EPA specifications. Detailsof the well construction will be determined once geophysicallogging results have been evaluated. Following wellinstallation, the well will be properly developed to ensurerepresentativeness of the aquifer system.

The overburden consists of fill and glacial till; therefore,gravel, cobbles, and boulders, as well as man-made material(bricks) may be encountered. These materials may preventsampling of certain intervals and may hamper drilling itself.

Cuttings will be drummed, and a composite sample will beobtained for TCL parameters, TCLP toxicity, and radionuclidetesting. The drums will be stored in an enclosed fenced area.A waste contractor will be obtained to dispose of the cuttings.

o Existing Well Sampling

At existing municipal well locations, the driller will beresponsible for removing pumps or other equipment to provideaccess to the well for well logging, water level measurements,and water quality sampling. At industrial and privfate wells,where water level measurements can be made without removing thepumps, and the pumps are operational, the pumps will not beremoved and the sample taken through the in-place pumps.

Prior to any drilling or pump removal, legal access to theproperties of interest will be obtained by EPA. Utilitycompanies will be notified of all proposed intrusive activitiesand asked to mark out lines on areas of buried utilities.Drillers will take all precautions necessary to avoidunderground utility lines, storage tanks, etc.

o Well Survey

In order to determine formation contact elevations,potentiometric surface contours, and vertical hydraulicgradients, a NJ-licensed surveyor will determine the horizontallocation of each available well according to the New JerseyState plane coordinate system. The elevation of the existingground surface at each well location, and the elevation of thetop of the inner and outer well casings, relative to theNational Geodetic Vertical Datum, will also be determined to thenearest 0.01 foot.

7126b 94 300535

The locations of the wells will be identified on a base map ofthe area that will be prepared by the REM III team. At aminimum, all existing, accessible Lodi municipal wells and thenewly installed monitoring well will be surveyed. If otherwells are easily accessible, they will also be surveyed. Amaximum of 15 wells will be included in the well survey.

o Water Level Elevation Monitoring

Water level elevations will be monitored on a monthly basis fora period of approximately five months to evaluate the groundwater flow characteristics and seasonal fluctuation of theoverburden (at the Home Place well) and bedrock aquifers. Thedata obtained will be used to generate potentiometric contourmaps of the aquifer, determine both horizontal and verticalgradients, and estimate the direction of ground water flow. Thedata may also be useful in identifying influences from nearbypumping wells, seasonal fluctuations in the aquifers, and mayprovide insight into the locations of aquifer discharge andrecharge areas. Records of water elevations from pumping wellsand operating schedules will be reviewed to determine theirinfluence on ground water flow.

At a minimum, water level elevations will be measured in allexisting accessible municipal wells in Lodi and the monitoringwell installed in Phase I. In addition, water levelmeasurements will be collected at all other wells where accesshas been approved and where well construction and pumpingequipment would allow easy measurements. For costing purposes,it is estimated that water level elevations will be obtainedfrom 15 wells.

o Ground Water Quality Sampling

One round of water quality sampling will be conducted tocharacterize the existing ground water quality in the bedrockand overburden (near the Home Place well only) aquifers. InPhase I of the RI, a maximum of 15 municipal, industrial,domestic, and monitoring wells will be sampled in Lodi and thesurrounding area. A tentative list of 14 wells is given inTable 5-2. One other as yet unidentified well south of the HomePlace well may also be sampled. The locations to be sampledwere selected to provide water quality data in what is reportedto be upgradient of, throughout, and downgradient of the Boroughof Lodi. The list of wells to be sampled may be modified basedupon access to the selected wells. The locations of the 14wells are indicated in Figure 5-2.

Measurements (total depth, well diameter and depth to water)will be made (if possible) to determine the volume of watercontained in the well, and a minimum of one volume will beevacuated from the well prior to sampling. Water level

7126b95 300536

TABLE 5-2

PROPOSED WELLS TO BE SAMPLED(1)(See Figure 5-2)

WellIdentificaton

1234567891011121314

Owner

Borough of LodiBorough of LodiBorough of LodiBorough of LodiBorough of LodiBorough of LodiBorough of LodiBorough of LodiGibralterJ. AzzolinoHexcel Corp.Inmont Corp.Jax Car WashEPA

Address

Home PlaceGarfield AvenueColumbia AvenueKimmig Avenue No. 4Kimmig Avenue No. 5Lawrene AvenueTerrace AvenueArnot Street199 Garibaldi Avenue59 Union199 Main Street200 Gregg StreetEssex Street, MaywoodHome Place

Depth(feet)

59545351051830237360730020060

10319640 +/-

YearInstalled

19651954196519241924194619541923

1965

198119661988*

* To be constructed.

An additional well south of the Home Place Well may also be sampledif a suitable well is identified.

7126b 300537

measurements will be obtained during pumping and as levelsrecover to obtain hydrologic data at each well. This will beaccomplished by utilizing the existing pumping equipment or aportable pump.

When sampling residential wells the tap will run for a minimumof ten minutes prior to sampling instead of evacuating thewell. The tap selected will be at a location as close to theinflow point into the building as can be identified. Ownerswill be shed of any treatment systme exists between samplelocation and inflow.

The temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity of eachsample will be measured in the field as these measurements canprovide insight into the variability of water quality withineach aquifer unit. The samples will be analyzed for the TCL,the three other indicator compounds (QIC) and conventionalparameters (listed in Table 5-3) by a CLP laboratory and forradiological parameters (Table 5-3) by the EERF.

To obtain vertical water quality data, samples will be collectedfrom three discrete intervals in two municipal wells: theGarfield Avenue and the Home Place wells (Figure 5-3). Waterlevel measurements, rising head/falling head testing, and watersamples (TCL-VOC, radiological, QIC, and conventionalparameters) will be collected from these three intervals andfrom two packer intervals in the Arnot Street, and LawrenceAvenue wells (Figure 5-3) to try to eliminate a portion of theaquifer from further investigation.

The Garfield Avenue well was selected for additional samplingbecause it historically had the highest levels of volatileorganics. The Home Place well was selected because it had thehighest reported radiological levels. Information on the zonesof elevated chemical and radiological levels in the wells willprovide information on contaminant transport.

Data from the downhole logging will be used to select theuppermost flow interval in each well for testing. Once thewells have been evacuated and sampled, the upper interval willbe sealed from the rest of the water column by the use ofinflatable or mechanical packers. Packers will be set in zonesof low or no fractures to minimize or eliminate vertical flow

977126b

300538

O/' -^^Ô^^îl^^"


FIGURE 5-2"WELL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

LODI BOROUGH BOUNDARYEBASCO SERVICES INCORPORATE^

A d u p t r r ) f rom L'.S.C.S. W*ch»»k«n, NJ-NY ind Il ickcntick. NJ Qutdrinflci. Photortvlsed 1081 300539

TABLE 5-3

PARAMETERS TO BE ANALYZED

RADIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Gross Alpha Gross BetaU-238 U-234 Ra-226 Rn-222Th-232 Th-228 Ra-228 Cs-134Sr-89

CONVENTIONAL PARAMETERS

Fluoride Ammonia-nitrogenCarbonate Nitrate/NitriteBicarbonate TKNSulfate TOCTotal Dissolved Solids PhosphateTotal Suspended Solids BODChloride CODAcidity pHHardness (Mg + Ca) Electrical conductivity

OTHER INDICATOR COMPOUNDS

CaffeineD-Limonene

Alpha-Pinene

997126b

300540

^"» LODI BOROL'CH DOUNDARV1.1 TRT«; PFR wnjI 2 TESTS PER WELL


FIGURE 5-3WELLS SELECTED FOR PACKER TESTING


Adapted from U.S.C.S. Weehawken. N;-NY and Hackensack, NJ Quadranflei. Photor«vi»«d 1881

300543

around packers. The water level will be allowed to stabilize,and a water level measurement will be made. A small diameterstainless steel submersible pump will be used to withdrawl asample from the packered interval. Packer testing will providedata on hydrogeologic conditions by revealing the vertical headdistribution in the well. In addition, this information willaid in locating the source(s) of the contamination.

5.3.1.4 Surface Investigations

Surface water and sediment samples will be obtained to ascertainthe relationship between ground water and surface water/sedimentsources at the site.

o Surface Water Sampling

The Saddle River will be sampled to assess the river as apotential migration pathway and to locate contaminated dischargeareas. When combined with hydrogeologic data, it may bepossible to locate contaminant interchange areas between thesurface and ground water. Prior to field work, it will benecessary to obtain legal access to the sampling locations.Sampling locations will be chosen on public property, as far asis practical, to minimize access complications.

Four surface water locations will be sampled as shown on Figure5-4. One sample location will be upgradient of the Lodi site,so that background conditions can be defined. A second sitewill be near Market Street, located downstream from the MaywoodInterim Storage Site (MISS) and upstream from the industrializedarea near Hexcel Chemical Corporation. The third location willbe near Kimmig Avenue well number 4, downstream from HezcelChemical Corporation. The final location will be near the HomePlace well. These locations provide a broad coverage of theSaddle River in the Lodi study area. Further sampling locationsmay be required in phase II depending upon the results of theinitial sampling.

Surface water samples will be analyzed for TCL, QIC, andconventional parameters by a CLP laboratory and for radiologicalparameters by the EERF. Data that will be collected in thefield during the sampling event will include pH, temperature,specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and an estimation offlow. Flow measurements will also be obtained to measurerecharge/discharge to the Saddle River. The results will beused to determine whether the surface system has beencontaminated and evaluate the relationship between the groundand surface water resources.

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7 «,A i -sia HIL»

—••• UW1 UUKOUUH tWUNUAKY^COMBINED SURFACE WATtR, SCDDtDTT AND STREAK*FU)W SAJffUNC LOaTIONSI STREAM FLOW MONITORING LOCATIONS


FIGURE 5-4SEDIMENT. SURFACE WATER AND STREAM

MONITORING LOCATIONS


Adipttd from I'.S.C.S. W««b«*ken, NJ-NY tad fUclcen»clc, NJ Quadr«D|lM, Pbotorcvucd 1981 300543

o Surficial Soil and Sediment Sampling

Saddle River sediments will be sampled at four locations (referto Figure 5-4) in low energy areas where sediments would fallout of suspension and accumulate. Should sediments transportedby the river be contaminated, the highest concentrations will belocated in low energy areas. Prior to sampling, legal access tothe sampling locations will be obtained.

An upstream location will be selected to determine backgroundlevels of chemical and radiological contamination. A secondsediment sample will be obtained from a backwater area near thesection of the river that includes Hezcel Corporation. A thirdsample will be collected in the tributary from the industrialarea around Gregg Street. The final sediment sample will becollected in the vicinity of the Home Place well.

In addition, a composite soil sample will be collected from thepiles of fill near the Home Place well. This material may bedredging spoils from the Saddle River. If the soil around theHome Place well proves to be contaminated, then furtherinvestigations of the river sediments and dredging spoils may bewarranted to assess the possibility that surface dumping ofcontaminated material contributed to the contamination of theHome Place well.

Sediment and soil samples will be analyzed for TCL and QICparameters by the CLP and radiological parameters by EERF. Theresults will be used to determine whether the surface system hasbeen contaminated, and to evaluate the relationship between thesurface sediment and ground water resources.

o Tap Water Sampling

Tap water from the Donut Man Restaurant and Lodi Borough Hallwill be sampled to evaluate the current water quality in Lodi.During previous sampling, when Lodi was on well water, some tapsamples had elevated levels of VOC's.

Each tap will be allowed to run approximately 15 minutes beforesampling. The samples will be analyzed for TCL, radiological,QIC and conventional parameters.

5.3.2 Phase II Field Investigations (Subtask 3.2)

Phase II field investigations will be developed after Phase Iinvestigations have been evaluated. Phase II field investiga-tions may be implemented to further characterize the existingcontamination, estimate the extent and magnitude of thecontamination, identify and characterize the contaminant source,and obtain further information to develop and evaluate candidateremedial alternative for the site. It is anticipated that PhaseII field activities will consist of installation of bedrockwells, rock coring, a pump test, and sampling newly installedand selected existing wells.

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5.4 TASK 4 SAMPLE ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION

Ebasco's Regional Laboratory Sample Coordinator will track thesamples sent to the CLP and EEAR to assure the continuity andconsistency of data and analyses throughout the samplingprogram. Tracking will include tabulating the dates samples areobatined, dates shipped/ analyses performed, holding times/dates eztreaccted or analyzed, and dates validated. The RLSCwill notify the Site Manager in the event of problems with thesample analyses.

5.4.1 Phase I Sample Analysis and Validation (Subtask 4.1)

5.4.1.1 CLP Analyses

Routine Analytical Services (RAS) and Special AnalyticalServices (SAS) of the CLP will be used for analysis of groundwater, surface water, soil and sediment samples for thefollowing (TCL) parameters:

Volatile organicsSemivolatile organicsInorganics (metals and cyanide)Pesticides/PCBs

Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) detection limits will bespecified for volatile organics in ground water samples. TCLPor EP toxicity testing will also be performed through the CLP ondrum cuttings.

Ground water, surface water, soil and sediment will also beanalyzed for 3 other indicator compounds, caffeine, d-limonene,and alpha-pinene by the CLP using SAS. Samples will also beanalyzed for fluoride, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, totaldissolved solids, total suspended solids/ chloride, acidity,hardness, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate/nitrite, TKN, TOC,phosphate, BOD, COD, pH and electrical conductivity. Thesesamples will be analyzed using SAS. Some of these parametersinfluence the mobility of uranium and can be used in evaluatingthe source(s) of any uranium detected.

Data quality objectives for all parameters will be specified inthe field operation plan.

5.4.1.2 Non CLP Analyses

EERF will be used to analyze ground water, surface water,sediment, and soil samples for radiological parameters.Coordination with EERF will be arranged by EPA. All sampleswill be analyzed for gross alpha and gross beta activity and theradiological parameters listed on Table 5-3.

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5.4.1.3 Physical Parameter Testing/Field Analyses

Some parameters will be determined in the field. Parametersthat may be measured in the field include general radiologicalmonitoring and volatile organic screening for ground water,surface water, soil and sediment samples. The followingparameters will also be tested for ground water and surfacewater samples:

PHSpecific conductanceTemperatureDissolved Oxygen (DO)

One subsurface soil sample will be collected for grain sizeanalysis, permeability testing and Atterberg Limits.

5.4.1.4 Data Validation

Data validation will be performed on all laboratory chemicalanalyses. The REM III team will be responsible for validationof the low and medium hazard samples analyzed through CLP RASand SAS. Details of the validation procedure will be providedin the field operation plan.

5.4.2 Phase II Sample Analysis/Validation (Subtask 4.2)

Sample analysis and validation requirements for Phase II, ifrequired, will be identified in the TDM after Phase I resultshave been evaluated.

5.5 TASK 5 - DATA EVALUATION

5.5.1 Phase I Data Evaluation (Subtask 5.1)

Data collected during Tasks 3 and 4 will be assembled, reviewed,and carefully evaluated to satisfy the objectives of theinvestigation. When possible, the data evaluation task will beperformed concurrently with Tasks 3, 4, and 6.

5.5.1.1 Data Reduction, Tabulation and GraphicalPresentation

The data collected to characterize the Lodi Municipal Well sitewill be organized and analyzed to identify the extent and natureof contamination (radiological and chemical), determine groundwater flow patterns, and identify potential source(s) anddowngradient receptors. Field data and data resulting fromlaboratory analysis will be entered into a database.Stratigraphic information developed from the site boring(s) andthe downhole geophysical logs will be displayed as crosssections or fence diagrams of the site. Water level elevationsmeasured at the wells will be used to develop plot(s) of the

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piezometric surface in the bedrock aquifer. Horizontal andvertical hydraulic gradients will be evaluated. Results ofphysical parameter testing will be used to evaluate thehydraulic conductivity of the shallow and bedrock aquifers.

The water quality data will be evaluated and mapped toillustrate the aerial extent of the contaminant plume(s). Inaddition, water quality data will be organized by stratigraphicunit and by well location to distinguish between types ofcontamination present in each aquifer, and to evaluate thepossible location of contaminant sources. The uses andbreakdown products of the contaminants detected at the highestconcentrations will be evaluated to obtain some insight intopotential sources.

Ground water, surface water and sediment constituents will becompared to identify relationships between the Saddle River andthe shallow and bedrock aquifers. After background data and thefield results are reviewed and evaluated, a conceptual model ofcontamination generation and migration will be developed (ifpossible).

5.5.1.2 Environmental Fate and Transport Assessment

After the data has been assembled and reviewed, contaminantmigration will be summarized based on any identified pathways.Ground water, surface water, and soil/sediment will beconsidered as potential pathways. Contaminant concentrations ineach medium will be assessed, and the direction and rate ofcontaminant movement will be estimated. Relationships betweenthe media will also be evaluated. If a potential source(s) ofcontamination can be identified from the field data, contaminantmigration will be traced from the source to any potentialreceptors. Pathways that could potentially result in impacts topublic health or to the environment will be identified.

It is anticipated that ground water is the primary pathway forcontaminant transport. As such, efforts will focus on groundwater migration.

5.5.2 Phase II Data Evaluation (Subtask 5.2)

Data evaluation requirements will be identified in the TDM ifdifferent from these identified here.

5.6 TASK 6 ASSESSMENT OF RISKS

5.6.1 Phase I Assessment of Risks (Subtask 6.1)

The preliminary risk assessment indicated no immediate risks tothe public based on the available data. Information to becollected during the Phase I field investigation activites willbe examined to confirm this finding. The general framework to

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be employed to assess the potential risks to the public will bedeveloped during the data collection phase of the investigation.Only limited quantitative risk evaluations are expected to beconducted at this stage. A more quantitative risk assessmentwill follow during Phase II when additional data collection andevaluation efforts have been completed.

5.6.1.1 Identification of Potential Receptors

A number of commercial and private residential wells have beenidentified in the Lodi area. The status and activity of thesewells will be investigated, as previously stated, determine ifany are currently being used to supply drinking water or forirrigating private gardens. Individuals using these wells willbe identified as potential receptors. Individuals potentiallyat risk from any other contaminated medium and exposure pathwaysthat might be identified during Phase I activities also will beidentified.

5.6.1.2 Identification of Immediate Potential Risks

Sampling and analysis of the municipal and private wells and theSaddle River is expected to assist in determining the nature andextent of contaminant migration. This information will also beused to develop an appropriate framework for analyzing thepotential health and environmental risks associated with thesite. The framework will be made increasingly quantitative asthe Phase I results become available. If any contaminants aredetected in the water at levels which exceed the appropriatehealth-based standards and criteria for potable water supplies,a potential health risk may exist for the receptors identifiedabove. When this preliminary (Phase I) risk evaluation has beencompleted, a letter report listing the potential receptors andcontaminants detected at levels above the health-based criteriawill be prepared and transmited to the EPA.

5.6.2 Phase II Assessment of Risks (Subtask 6.2)

After the Phase I data has been collected and analyzed, thescope of any further required risk assessment activities wouldbe determined. If, based on the Phase I data, risks arebelieved to be present at the site, a baseline public healthevaluation will be prepared during Phase II according to theguidelines specified by the EPA in the Superfund Public HealthEvaluation Manual developed as OSWER Directive 9285.4-2. Thispublic health assessment will evaluate the prevailing conditionsassuming no further remedial or control actions are performed.Up to five subtasks could be required as part of thisevaluation. They are:

300548

o selection of contaminants of concern (or indicatorcontaminants) from among those known to be at the sitebased on considerations of chemical toxicity,persistence, and identified concentrations;

o identification of contaminant migration pathways;

o estimation of indicator contaminant concentrations atexposure points by considering their fate and transportalong the identified migration pathways;

o comparison of projected concentrations to applicable, orrelevant and appropriate requirements (ARARS); and

o quantitative risk characterization, including a detailedassessment of human intakes and contaminant form andtoxicity.

The second component of a standard Superfund public healthevaluation, the development of health-based performance goalsfor additional remedial alternatives, will be undertaken ifidentified conditions indicate that further actions are needed.The costs and level of effort required to complete this taskhave not been included in Volume II of the Work Plan.

5.7 TASK 7 - TREATABILITY STUDY/PILOT TESTING

No treatability studies or pilot testing will be performedduring the Phase I investigations. If required, they will beidentified in a TDM.

5.8 TASK 8 - REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION REPORT

The results of the data collection and evaluation efforts duringPhases I and II will be presented in a comprehensive RemedialInvestigation Report, for submission to the USEPA. Thefollowing activities will be involved in report production.

5.8.1 Remedial Investigation Report (Subtask 8.1)

The project team will prepare a draft RI report that summarizesthe field investigations, laboratory results, data evaluation,and the assessment of risks after Phase I activities have beencompleted. The report will also identify data gaps to be filledduring Phase II activities. It is anticipated that one meetingwith the EPA and the state will be held during the preparationof the report and one meeting will be held after submittal todiscuss the results and conclusions of Phase I investigations.A final RI report will be prepared and submitted in response tocomments received from the EPA and the state.

.108 300549

5.8.2 Quality Control (Subtask 8.2)

The draft RI report produced by the project team will bedistributed to senior level staff and technical specialists fortheir review and comment. Comments will be discussed with thetechnical specialists, and incorporated into the draft report bythe project team as appropriate. This formal quality controlprocess will help to ensure the production of a high quality,technically sound document. Ten copies of the draft report willthen be produced and delivered to the EPA.

5.8.3 Review Meetings (Subtask 8.3)

After the draft report has been reviewed by the EPA, the SiteManager and any other appropriate technical staff members willbe prepared to meet with the EPA, to receive comments and todiscuss the report.

5.8.4 Final Remedial Investigation Report (Phase I)(Subtask 8.4)

EPA comments will be incorporated into the RemedialInvestigation Report. Twenty copies of the final document willbe submitted to EPA.

5.9 TASK 9 - REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES SCREENING

If the results of the Phase I and II field investigationsindicate that ground water contamination is present at levelscreating a risk to the public health, remedial alternatives willbe identified and screened. Alternatives may be developed forsource remediation or control, downgradient contaminated groundwater remediation or control, or both source and downgradientremedial control. No level of effort or budget for this taskhave been identified in Volume II of the Work Plan at thistime. The actual scope of work for the Feasibility Study (Task9, 10 and 11) will be finalized after the RI is completed. Thefollowing is illustrative of a typical scope of work.

5.9.1 Review of Remedial Response ARARs (Subtask 9.1)

Site-specific ARAR have been developed during preparation ofthis work plan. Those ARARs will be reviewed and revised basedon the results of the remedial investigation and any localpublic health and environmental concerns.

The ARARs will be presented so as to facilitate easy comparisonof levels of site contaminants to their respective ARARs. Ifdetermined to be appropriate, State or Federal guidelines may berecommended as ARARs where no statutes are available forspecific contaminants.

1097126b 300550

The ARARs will be revised in close consultation with EPA andNJDEP. One discussion meeting with EPA and NJDEP is expected tobe held during this task. A letter describing the REM III teamrecommended site-specific ARARs will be submitted for EPAapproval.

5.9.2 Identify Potential Alternatives (Subtask 9.2)

Based upon the results of the field investigations, appropriateremediation technologies will be assembled into the followingcategories of alternatives:

o alternatives for treatment or disposal in an off-site oron-site facility that would eliminate the need forlong-term management;

o alternatives which attain either a permanent solution orutilize innovative/resource recovery technologies;

o alternatives involving treatment that wouldsignificantly reduce toxicity, mobility/ or volume;

o alternatives which rely on containment, with little orno treatment; and

o the no action alternative.

5.9.3 Remedial Alternatives Screening (Subtask 9.3)

As this task is performed, the various alternatives identifiedwill be screened, according to effectiveness, implementabilityand cost (cost will only be used to distinguish betweenalternatives yielding similar results, and not between treatmentand nontreatment alternatives). The screening will be performedto reduce the number of alternatives to the most suitablecandidates for detailed study and evaluation.

5.9.4 Interim Report (Subtask 9.4)

The results of the screening analysis will be summarized in anInterim Report. The Interim Report will list the potentialalternatives, discuss the screening evaluations. The REM IIIteam will then meet with EPA to discuss the alterantives andagree upon the alternatives to be selected for more detailedevaluation.

5.10 TASK 10 REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION

No level of effort or budgets for this task have been includedin Volume II of the Work Plan at this time.

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5.10.1 Alternatives Analysis (Subtask 10.1)

The effectiveness/ implementability, and cost of the remedialalternatives selected during the initial screening process willbe analyzed in detail. Both short and long-term effects and thecosts of each alternative will be evaluated. The effectivenessof each alternative will be judged by evaluating how successfulit would be in significantly reducing the toxicity, mobility orvolume of the contaminants, and how reliable it would be. Theeffectiveness of the alternatives at other sites will also bereviewed and considered.

Implementability will be evaluated by determining whether thetechnologies comprising the proposed alternatives are feasibleand available, and are suitable for the site and contaminantcharacteristics observed at the Lodi Municipal Well site. Thepublic health and environmental analyses will includeconsideration of the extent and duration of exposure tocontaminants.

The institutional evaluation of each proposed alternative willinclude determining whether the ARARs will be attained,identifying permit requirements, considering acceptance by theregulatory agencies, and identifying infrastructure requirements.The cost evaluation will begin by estimating the capital andoperation and maintenance costs of each alternative within arange of minus 30 percent to plus 50 percent. This informationwill be used to determine the present worth of each alternative.During this task, a sensitivity analysis will also be performedto evaluate the risks and uncertainties associated with the costestimates.

5.10.2 Comparison of Alternatives (Subtask 10.2)

After the relative importance of both cost and non-cost criteriahave been ascertained during consultation with the USEPA, thecost-effectiveness of each alternative in protecting humanhealth and the environment and in attaining ARARs will beevaluated. The advantages and disadvantages associated witheach alternative will be summarized, and the alternatives willbe compared, based on all evaluation criteria. Each of thealternatives will be ranked based on the evaluation criteria, sothat the most appropriate choice can be selected as therecommended alternative. From this evaluation and rankingprocess, the rationale for selecting the recommended alternativeover the others considered can be prepared.

ul 3005527126b

5.11 TASK 11 FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

A Feasibility Study Report will be prepared that will summerizethe activities performed and present the results and associatedconclusions for Tasks 1 through 12. The report will include asummary of laboratory treatability findings, a description ofthe initial screening process and the detailed technical,environmental, regulatory, public health and cost evaluation ofthe remedial alternatives studied. The FS report will beprepared and presented in the following format as specified inthe EPA Guidance on Feasibility Studies under CERCLA (EPA's FSGuidance):

This effort includes preparation of the Executive Summary,Introduction and Summary of Alternatives according to Section9.1, 9.2 and 9.6 respectively, of the EPA's FS Guidance. Theexecutive summary will be a brief overview of the study and theanalysis underlying the evaluated remedial actions. Theintroduction to the FS Report will briefly characterize the sitein terms relevant to the analysis of remedial action strategiesin three subsections: (1) site background information; (2) thenature and extent of contamination problems; and (3) objectiveof remedial action. The practicable remedial alternatives willbe summerized and the results of the detailed evaluation will bepresented using tables and figures.

The screening process used to identify the feasible remedialalternatives (practicable alternatives) for the site to undergosubsequent detailed evaluation will be presented in twosubsections. The first subsection will present the feasibletechnologies identified for the general response actions, thetechnical criteria including site and waste characteristics thatwere used in the technology selection process, and results ofthe remedial technology screening as described in Section 2.3 ofthe EPA's FS Guidance. The second subsection will present theremedial alternatives developed by combining the technologiesidentified in the previous screening process, in the fiverequired categories (off-site disposal, attain ARAR's, exceedARAR's, do not attain ARAR's and no action) as specified inSection of 2.4 of the EPA's FS Guidance. This subsection willalso describe the initial screening.

The details of the cost and non-cost features of each "potentialalternative" will be presented. A description of the detailedevaluation process and results conducted in Task 10 will also bepresented. The cost and non-cost criteria and analyses of thealternative will be presented in five categories: (1) TechnicalFeasibility, (2) Public Health Requirements; (3) EnvironmentalImpacts, (4) Institutional Requirements, and (5) Cost Analysis.Ebasco's FS Report will clearly establish the bases for either"no action"; "interim remedies"; "containment"; or "treatment".

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5.12 TASK 12 - POST RI/FS SUPPORT

No post RI/FS support has been identified at this time.

5.13 TASK 13 ENFORCEMENT SUPPORT

This task includes efforts during the RI/FS associated withenforcement aspects of the project which support negotiationsfor Remedial Design Remedial Action (RD/RA). No activitiesunder this task have been identified.

5.14 TASK 14 MISCELLANEOUS SUPPORT

The purpose of this task is to report on work associated withthe project but outside of the normal RI/FS scope of work. Noactivities have been identified under this task at present.

5.15 TASK 15 ERA PLANNING

Task 15 is to be used specifically for planning expeditedresponse actions. No such actions have been identified.

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6.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT APPROACH

6.1 ORGANIZATION AND APPROACH

The proposed project organization is shown on Figure C-1.Regional Manager (RM), Dr. Dev R. Sachdevquality of all REM III work performedmonitors the progress of each workresources are available and thatminimized. Dr. Sachdevquality for work in the region and makes sure that the Site

Theis responsible for thein Regional II. He

assignment to ensure adequatemajor problems are prevented or

implements the program standard of

Manager meetsthe technicalassignments.

that standard. The RM's reviewquality, schedule, and cost

concentrates onfor all work

The Site Manager (SM), Dr. Les Skoski, has primaryresponsibility and authority for implementing and executing theRI/FS. Supporting the SM are the RI Leader Field OperationsLeader (FCL), FS Leader, and other staff. The FOL isresponsible for on-site management for the duration of allactivities at the site. The RI Leader is responsible for the RIand for the preparation of the RI report. The FS Leader isresponsible for the FS and for the preparation of the FS Report.

The task numbering system for the RI/FS effort is as follows:

Task 1 Project Planning

Task 2 Community Relations

Task 3 Field Investigation

Task 4 Sample Analyses/Validation

Task 5 Data Evaluation

Task 6 Assessment of Risks

Task 7 Treatability Study/Pilot Testing

Task 8 Remedial Investigation Reports

Task 9 Remedial Alternatives Screening

Task 10 Remedial Alternatives Evaluation

Task 11 Feasibility Study Report

Task 12 Post RI/FS Support

7133b114 300555

PROJECT ORGANIZATION CHARTLODI MUNICIPAL WELL SITE

REGIONALMANAGER

D SACHOEV

SITEMANAGER

L SKOSKI

COMMUNITYRELATIONS

LEADER

K MANNING

PRELIMINARYRISK

ASSESSMENT

R MARNICIO

HEALTH * SAFETYOFFICER

B BLISS

SUBCONTRACTORS

(•WELL DRILLINGGEOPHYSICAL LOGGING

•WELL WATER DISPOSAL•TANKER CONTRACTOR•FENCE CONTRACTOR•SURVEYOR

FIELDOPERATIONS

LEADER/GEOLOGISTMARK SIELSKI

• TECHNICIAN

REMEDIALINVESTIGATION

LEADERR PENNIFILL

FEASIBILITYSTUDY

LEADERJLOZADA

RADIOLOGICALLAB

(EERF)

ANALYTICALCHEMISTRY

COORDINATORJOABRY

PROJECTCHEMIST

J LORENZO

EBA8CO FIGURE 6-1

o Ebasco will be provided all analytical results (prior tocompletion of the data validation effort by the CLP) asthey are generated. The schedule is also based on a CLPvalidation time of 4 weeks.

This schedule was developed to assure completion of the database necessary to perform the Phase I RI; and assurecost-effectiveness and manageability.

Figure 6-2 contains several elements which should behighlighted, as they constitute key decision points and/orcritical path items.

The duration of the Lodi Municipal Well Phase I RI is 43 weeksincluding work plan preparation. The draft RI report will besubmitted to EPA in week 40. Project planning for the site(firtjyg 17 weeks of the schedule) include the preparation of theWork Plan/ the Field Sampling and Analysis Plan, the Health andSafety Plan and the Site Management Plan.

Subcontracting for well drilling pump removal, geophysicallogging and location surveying is expected o be initiated (withthe mailing of RFP's) the week of March 28.

Key elements in the schedule are obtaining site access, andremoval of pumps from the municipal wells to allow access forsampling. Removal of the pumps in a timely fashion is requiredto perform the well logging and sampling on schedule. To keepthe schedule as short as possible, sampling of the industrialand private wells has been scheduled concurrently with pumpremove in the municipal wells.

Samples will be sent to the laboratories as soon as they areobtained. However, the last samples will have to be analyzedand validated in a period of approximately 8 weeks to meet theschedule.

6.4 ESTIMATED PROJECT COSTS

The estimated cost for the Lodi Municipal Well Site Phase I RIis &573.660 These costs do not include the cost for the CLPor radiological analyses or costs to replace parts on pumpsremoved from the well to retain them to working order. Thesecosts include all workhours, travel, equipment, and subcontractcosts for the initial tasks and the tasks described in this WorkPlan. A detailed breakdown of the estimated project costs hasbeen provided to the EPA under separate cover. A summary of theproject costs are as follows:

o Labor - $

o Travel - $

300557

RQorlE 6-2

LOCH MUNICIPAL WELLWORK PLAN SCHEDULE

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4 MMLKKOPINO

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I MtMOVAL OP PUMPSCOMPUTED

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2. COMMUNITYRELATIONS

3. FIELDINVESTIGATION

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4. SAMPLE ANALYSIS

VALIDATION

5. DATA EVALUATION

S. MISK ASSESSMENT

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FRANCO SERVICES INC.

o Equipment - fe

o Computers -

o Reports - $14,000

o Micel laneous - $>,800

Subcontracts - 750

The level of effort estimated for the Lodi Municipal Well siteRI is 5,873 hours. This estimate includes the hours expendedon the initial t^s'Ks ^hl^h include: the preparation of projectplans; procurement of the well drilling, well installation, soilboring, and well logging and surveying subcontracts.

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7.0 INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS

U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyContracting officerMr. James 0. MorantHeadquarters Procurement Operations401 M. Street, S.W.Washington, DC 20460 (202) 382-3202

U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyProject OfficerMr. Douglas J. Sarno401 M. Street, S.W.Washington, DC 20460 (202) 382-2348

U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyRegion IIRegional Project OfficerMr. Shaheer Alvi26 Federal PlazaNew York, NY 10278 (212) 264-2221

U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyRegion IIRemedial Project ManagerMr. Rick Wice26 Federal PlazaNew York, NY 10278 (212) 264-7668

EBASCORegion II ManagerDr. Dev Sachdev160 Chubb AvenueLyndhurst, NJ 07071 (201) 460-6434

EBASCOSite ManagerDr. Les Skoski160 Chubb AvenueLyndhurst, NJ 07071

ICF IncorporatedMs. Kate Manning399 Thornall StreetEdison, NJ 08817

New Jersey Department ofEnvironmental Protection

Division of Water ResourcesCase OfficerMr. Mike Burlingame401 E. State Street, 6rd FloorTrenton, NJ 08625

(201 460-6178

(201) 225-7000

(609) 984-5862

119 3005607133b

7 . 0 INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS (Cpnfd)

Borough of LodiBusiness AdministratorMr. John F. CurranOne Memorial DriveLodi, New Jersey 07644 (201) 365-4005

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8.0 REFERENCES

Ash, Jay (N. J. Geologic Survey). Telephone Conversation withDave Keil of COM. August 4, 1987.

Burlingame, Michael. (NJDEP, Bureau of Site Management).Letter to Rick Wice, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA). January 27, 1987.

Byrnes, Steven. (NJDEP, BERRA). Memorandum to Barker Hamill,NJDEP, Bureau of Safe Drinking Water. Response. February17, 1987.

Camp Dresser and McKee Inc. 1987. Final Work Plan for the PhaseI Remedial Investigation of the Lodi Municipal Well Site,Bergen County, New Jersey, Volume J. Camp Dresser and McKeeInc., Edison, NJ, Prepared for USEPA.

Camp Dresser and McKee Inc. 1987a. Lodi Wellfield RemedialInvestigation/Feasibility Study Work Plan Memorandum. CampDresser and McKee, Inc., Edison, N.J. Prepard for USEPA.

Carswell, L.D. 1976. Appraisal of Water Resources in theHackensack River Basin. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).Trenton, N.J. USGS Water Resources Investigations. 76 - 74.

Cole, Leslie W., et al. 1981. Radiological Assessment ofBallad and Associates Property (Stepan Chemical Company)Maywood, New Jersey. Oak Ridge Associated Industries, OakRidge, TN. Prepared for USDOE.

DeVoto, R.H. 1978. Uranium Geology and Exploration. Golden,Colorado: Colorado School of Mines.

Dyck, W. 1978. The Mobility and Concentration of Uranium andits Decay Products in Temperature Surficial Environmental.In Kimberley, M.M. (ed.), Uranium Deposits, their Mineralogyand Origin, Mineral, Association Can. Short Course Handbook3.

EBASCO Services, Inc. 1986. Sampling at Maywood Site. EBASCOServices, Inc. New York, N.Y.

Houghton, Hugh F. 1986. Hydrogeology of the Triassic Rocks ofthe Newark Basin: Technical Notes and guide to Field Tripsin Central New Jersey. NJGS. Trenton, N.J. Open filereport 86 - ________.

Lanmuir, D. 1978. Uranium solution - Mineral Equilibria at LowTemperatures with Application to Sedimentary Ore Deposits.In: Uranium Deposits, Their Mineralogy and Origin, MineralAssoc. Can. Short Course Handbook Kimberley, M. M. (ed).

300562

8.0 REFERENCES (Cont'd)

New Jersey Administrative Code/ Title 7 Environmental Protection.

NJDEP. 1987. Potable Well Sampling in Lodi. Letter to RickWice from Micahel Burlingame. Trenton, NJ.

NJDEP, DWR. 1986 Water Analyses Report for Lodi WaterDepartment Supply. NJDEP. Trenton, N.J.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 1981 Radiological Survey of SevenPrivate Properties in Maywood, N.J., June 1981, Departmentof Energy Contract W-7405-eng-2b.

Olsen, Paul E. 1980. triassic and Jurassic Formations ofNewark Basin, In: Field Studies of New Jersey Geology andGuide to Field Trips; 52nd Annual Meeting of the New YorkState Geological Association. Warren Manspeizer, Ed.Rutgers University, Neward, N.J.

Parker, R.A., H.F. Houghton and R.C. McDowell. 1987.Stratigraphic Framework and Distribution of Early MesozoicRocks of the Nortern Newark Basin (in press.).

PSC Water Services of New Jersey, Inc. 1984. Pilot OperationalReview of Borough of Lodii. Division of Water, PSC WaterServices of New Jersey, Inc. New Jersey. Prepard for NJDEP.

Spayed, Steven. (NJDEP). Memorandum to Lave Miller, SuperfundCoordinator. March 12, 1984.

Turner-Peterson, Christine E. 1980. Sedimentology and UraniumMineralization in the Triazzic-Jurassic Newark Basin,Pennsylvania and New Jersey, In: Uranium in Sedimentary Rocks:Application of the Facies Concept to

Ezploration. Christine E. Turner-Peterson, Ed. Society ofEconomic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. Denver, Colorado.

Turner-Peterson, Christine E., P.E. Olsen, and Vito F. Nuccio.1985. Modes of Uranium Occurrence in Black Mudstones in theNewark Basin, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, In: Proceedings ofthe Second U.S. Geological Survey Workshop on the Early MesozoicBasins of the Eastern United States. USGS Circular 946.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District. 1984. InterimReport on Flood Protection Feasibility, Lower Saddle River,Bergen County, New Jersey, Main Report and Environmental ImpactStatement and Supporting Documentation. U.S. Army Corps ofEngineers, New York.

300563

8.0 REFERENCES (Cont'd)

USNRC, Office of Inspection and Enforcement. Inspection Reoort,Uncontrolled Locations of Radioactive material/ Maywood, NewJersey. USNRC. Report No. 9999000/81-05. 1981.

VanHouten, F.G. 1969. Late Triassic Newark Group, NorthCentral New Jersey and Adjacent Pennsylvania and New York, In:Geology of Selected Areas in New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvaniaand Guidebook of Excursions. Seymour Subitzley Ed., RutgersUniversity. New Brunswick, N.J.

Well Records

Zapecza, Otto. USGS, Personal Communication. 1987.

123 3005R4

The following data is provided to show the variability andextent of contamination previously detected in wells in theBorough of Lodi. The summary of data is from the Camp, Dresserand McKee, 1987 report.

124 3005K5

APPENDIX A

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APPENDIX B

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