Suggestions concerning MPEG-21 Digital Item Method operations and their implementation

Reminiscing about Fifteen Years of Interoperability Efforts

Cartoon by: Patrick HochstenbachHerbert Van de Sompel@hvdsomp

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

1

A highly distributed activityNo winner takes all No single player that can dictate the rules for the entire environment

Turning this distributed activity from a gathering of silo-ed nodes into an ecology of collaborating nodes, requires establishing interoperabilityIn the web context, this seems like a rather unique challenge

To a large extent, interoperability across this distributed activity remains restricted to persistent identification of communicated objects and contributorsWhich results in added-value services can be created

Research Communication & Research Process on the Web

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

2

Address interoperability challenges from the perspective of a node

The node at the center of the universe

Repository-Centric Interoperability Paradigm

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

3

1999OAI was a heroic effort to fundamentally transform scholarly communicationBy promoting communication via preprints, non-peer-reviewed papers

The OAI took a technical approach to achieve the goalMake preprints easier to discover, access

http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015 The main reasons I want to talk about OAI-PMH is:To illustrate how much the web and our understanding of it has evolved since those days. Because it provides a nice illustration of using the web without embracing it. As you will see, not because we didnt want to embrace the web, but because we (and most others) didnt know how to do so.4

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

5

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

6

Address interoperability challenges from the perspective of a node

The node at the center of the universe

Piggybacking on the web without truly embracing its core technologies

Repository-Centric Interoperability Paradigm

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

7

Dont trust HTTP

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

8

HTTP GET with GetRecord verb

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

9

An HTTP link

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

10

Address interoperability challenges from the perspective of the web

The resource at the center of the universeThe notion of a node, a repository, not even of a web server exists in the architecture of the web

The tools of the interoperability trade are the primitives of the web

Web-Centric, Resource-Centric Interoperability Paradigm

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

11

Tools of the Web-Centric Interoperability TradeResourceURIHTTP as the API: HEAD/GET, POST, PUT, DELETERepresentationMedia TypeLinkContent Negotiation

W3C Architecture of the World Wide Web

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

12

2006OAI-ORE observation: Scholarly assets are rapidly becoming compound, consisting of multiple resources with various:RelationshipsInterdependencies

How to convey this compound-ness in an interoperable manner so that applications can access, consume such assets?

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

13

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/201514

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/201515

Tools of the Web-Centric Interoperability Trade OAI-OREResourceURIHTTP as the APIRepresentationMedia TypeLinkContent Negotiation, e.g. for preferred Media Type

Typed LinkControlled Vocabularies for Typed LinksW3C Architecture of the World Wide Web

RDF, RDFS, OWL

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

16

Used by various interoperability efforts, e.g. OAI-ORE, Open Annotation, PROV, Research Objects,

Address a specific problemProvide extensive descriptive expressivenessTypically based on publishing additional documents that adhere to a certain profile and reveal relations, properties, Non-Trivial barrier to entry as illustrated by slow adoption, likely related to unfamiliar technology stackAppropriate for in-depth interoperability among select nodes?

Interoperability via RDF, RDFS, OWL Stack

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

17

2009Memento is about the Web and time:Resources evolve over timeOnly the current resource version is available from a resources URIHow to seamlessly access prior versions, if they exist, using the resources URI and a version datetime

Memento looks at this problem for the Web, in general:Time-Based access to resource versions across web archives, resource versioning systems

RFC7089 - http://mementoweb.org/guide/rfc/Memento and Resource Versioning - http://mementoweb.org/guide/howto/

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

18

Memento Access to Temporal Resource Versions

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/201519

Tools of the Web-Centric Interoperability Trade - MementoResourceURIHTTP as the APIRepresentationMedia TypesLinkContent Negotiation, i.e. for preferred Datetime

Typed LinkControlled Vocabularies for Typed LinksW3C Architecture of the World Wide Web

HTTP Links, IANA link relation registry

HATEOAS Hypermedia As The Engine Of Application State

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HATEOAS

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

20

Used by Memento, ResourceSync, Signposting the Scholarly Web:

Address a broad problemProvide coarse expressivenessTypically based on publishing links that support discovery of resources of certain typesLow implementation barrier because of familiar technology stackSignificant Return On InvestmentAppropriate for coarse interoperability among nodes?

Interoperability via HTTP Links, IANA Link Relation Types

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

21

Signposting the Scholarly Web

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=deejMy4-zTU

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

22

Signposting the Scholarly Web

https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.04.013

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

23

Scenario 1: The PID, the Splash Page, the Stuff

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

24

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015Response to HTTP GET on http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v9i1.320HTTP/1.1 303 See OtherServer: Apache-Coyote/1.1Date: Fri, 9 Jan 2015 16:31:46 GMTVary: AcceptLocation: http://www.ijdc.net/index.php/ijdc/article/view/320Link: ; rel= describedby ; type=text/htmlContent-Length: 188

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

32

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

Scenario 2: The (Code) Snapshot in Zenodo

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

39

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

40

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

41

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

42

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

43

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

44

Scenario 3: Establishing Connection Between Paper and Data

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

45

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

46

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

47

http://indiewebcamp.com/webmention

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

48

http://indiewebcamp.com/webmention

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

49

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

50

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

51

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

52

Scenario 4: Citation Notification

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

53

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

54

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

55

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

56

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

57

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

58

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

59

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

60

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

61

Reminiscing about Fifteen Years of Interoperability Efforts

Cartoon by: Patrick HochstenbachHerbert Van de Sompel@hvdsomp

Herbert Van de SompelData and Computing Infrastructures for Open Scholarship, Paris RDA, 22/09/2015

62