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Tales from the unobserved: what can remote sampling teach us about wildlife
Philippe Henry, November 22, 2012
Remotely collecting samples
Remotely collecting samples
Population structure in Amur tigers
Panthera tigris altaica
• 400 in wild• EN• Bottleneck in
1940’s• Captive
breeding• Stable pop
Historic distribution
Previously found in:• Eastern China (Manchuria) • The Korean Peninsula• Russian Far East (RFE)
Present distribution• Now mainly found in:- RFE- Small areas of China & North Korea
• Estimated 490 individuals left in the wild
Samples• Wild samples: Scat samples collected throughout current range
• Captive samples: 12 individuals from captive population (North American Zoos)
160 scats = 95 individuals• 1-2 g collected in snow
• Stored in screw-cap bottles with silica gel
• Humidity and heat are the two great enemies of DNA!
• Lots of redondant samples
160 scats = 110 DNA = 95 individuals
• 1-2 g collected in snow
• Stored in screw-cap bottles with silica gel
• Humidity and heat are the two great enemies of DNA!
68% Success
Lab Work
Henry et al 2009 Molecular EcologyVolume 18, Issue 15, pages 3173-3184, 23 JUN 2009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04266.xhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04266.x/full#f2
Disperse easily over Sikhote-Alin Mountains
But human development hinders dispersal
Population Structure
Henry et al 2009 Molecular EcologyVolume 18, Issue 15, pages 3173-3184, 23 JUN 2009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04266.xhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04266.x/full#f2
Disperse easily over Sikhote-Alin Mountains
But human development hinders dispersal
Population Health ?
Ne = 27
-35
Ne/Nc =
0.05
-0.07
On the bright sideW
ild
Capt
ive
Observed heterozygosity
Zoo population = Potential reservoir of genetic variation
Dispersal in American pikas
Ochotona princeps
• Susceptible to warm temperature
• Mostly active at dawn and dusk
• Sensitive to live trapping
• Elusive
Sampling
Hair Snares
Henry & Russello (2011) European Journal of Wildlife Research; Henry et al. (2011)
Journal of Visualized Experiments
Not so unobserved after all
Henry & Russello (2011) European Journal of Wildlife Research; Henry et al. (2011) Journal of Visualized Experiments
Hair Samples
232 hair - 202 DNA = 168 individuals
232 hair - 202 DNA = 168 individuals
87% Succes
s
Local scale: behavior
25 m
- Up to 7 different individuals sampled in the same hair snare
Local scale: behavior
25 m
- Up to 7 different individuals sampled In the same hair snare
- Neighboring hair snares recovered the same individuals in 4 cases
Local scale: behavior
25 m
- Up to 4 different individuals sampled in the same hair snare
- Neighboring hair snares recovered the same individuals in 4 cases
- In one case, the same individual was sampled 155m apart
155 m
Regional scale: population structure
Henr
y et
al.
(201
2) P
LoS
One
Summer mean maximum temperature (R2adj = 0.81, F-test, F=23, DF=5, p=0.009)
High frequency of allele at low elevations may confer adaptation to warmer conditions
Environmental correlates
Low
Mid
High
Henr
y &
Russ
ello
(Sub
mitt
ed) H
ered
ity
Complementary approaches