GIS – How it portrayed

GIS – The

opportunities

Six Commandants of GIS Use Thou shalt not think ‘too technical - its not for me’.

Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary GIS database.

Thou shalt not use any database without understanding its precision and origin.

Thou shalt think spatially to get a better understanding of reality.

Thou shalt take it as an excellent tool for decision making.

Thou shalt believe in data sharing.

Content What is GIS

Components of GIS

Applications of GIS

GIS for EIA

GIS for Social Sciences

GIS for Natural Resource Management

GIS for Disaster Risk Reduction

Participatory GIS (PGIS)

GIS for Decision Support and Public Policy

What is GIS? “A system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating,

manipulating, analysing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to the Earth. This is normally considered to involve a spatially referenced computer database and appropriate applications software”.

A Technology - hardware & software tools

A Strategy - for information handling

The Objective: to improve overall decision making

Manipulate spatially Calculate distances and adjacencies Change projections and scales Integrate disparate sources

Analyse spatially Quantitative analysis Qualitative analysis

Visualise data Maps! Tables, graphs, etc. Animations Virtual landscapes

What is GIS?

Components of GIS

Components of GIS: Data Data on different themes are stored in separate layers

As each layer is geo-referenced, layers from different sources can easily be integrated using location

This can be used to build up complex models of the real world from widely disparate sources

VE

CT

OR

Applications of GIS Hydrology - study and management of water resources

Crime mapping - identify crime hot spots, along with other trends and patterns

Transportation engineering –plan and optimized routing

Impact Analysis – understand and assess impact of certain activity

Health – understand the spread of certain (vector borne) diseases and possible reasons and planning of measures

Insurance –understanding the risks

Social – mapping hunger, malnutrition

Public policy – planning for the future, policy rethinking

GIS for EIABP oil spill, Gulf of Mexico

April 2010

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GIS for EIA: OCP and LULC

Change

Jun

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8M

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GIS for Social SciencesAccessibility to basic amenities and planning for better services

GIS for Social SciencesGender Inequality Index (GII)

Main indicators

Economic participation and opportunity

Educational attainment

Political empowerment

Health and survival

GIS for Natural Resource

ManagementSite suitability analysis for afforestation/reforestation programme under CDM-F

Forest boundary layer

Forest density

Climatic condition

Elevation model

Native species

GIS for Natural Resource

ManagementEstimation of forest vigour/ density in treated areas for evaluation

Low HighVegetation index

GIS for Disaster Risk

ReductionFlood hazard mapping for DRR

Required

3D elevation model

Drainage network

LULC

Population data

……

GIS for Disaster Risk

ReductionHazard map for lava flow based on numerous simulations of lava flow paths, different potential vents, eruptive history, 3D model etc.

GIS for Disaster Risk

ReductionMulti-hazard: Fukushima (Tsunami and radiation)

GIS for Disaster Risk

ReductionSeismic hazard, historical earthquakes and nuclear reactor power plants in USA

Participatory GIS (PGIS)

Facilitating participation of communities/individuals could be used to fill the gap between people and institutions and promote equitable development.

Despite the growing popularity of Google Earth and other low-cost or free applications, there is still a clear divide between the GIS haves and have-nots.

PGIS can be used as a bridge to capture individuals’ or groups’ perceptions of local issues and development efforts.

Spectrum of GIS for Public

Policy Influencing Policy & Legislation

Changing Organizational Practices

Fostering Coalitions & Networks

Educating Providers

Promoting Community Education

Strengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills

GIS for Policy Makers

The prerequisites are …

NONE!

GIS for Decision Support and

Public Policy GIS is still treated as a specialized tool rather than an

easy way to understand real world and take decisions.

Public policies related to many crucial national issues, such as climate change, immigration, health, civil rights and racism, transportation, energy, natural resources, social justice, environment etc. could be well understood and formulated using GIS support.

However, these require a properly functional National Spatial Data Infrastructure portal with access to Open Government Data.

GIS for Decision Support and

Public Policy

Mainstreaming

of extremists

GIS for Decision Support and

Public PolicyMainstreaming of left extremists

Is development the solution?

What are the issues?

What are the locations?

How these issues could be addressed?

Which govt. programmes are needed to be prioritized?

How the implementation process could be monitored?

How the programme could be evaluated?

Is the process sustainable?

Could it be replicated?

GIS for Decision Support and

Public Policy Demography

Socio-economic

Infrastructure

Resource

Govt. programmes and success

Monitoring and evaluating system

Understanding gap

Policy rethinking

Changing organizational practices

GIS for Decision Support and

Public Policy

Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) and

GIS

GIS for Decision Support and

Public Policy The Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) strategy was developed by

MoESW in 1972 for the rapid socio-economic development of tribal people and was adopted in the Fifth Five Year Plan.

Objective of TSP

Identify the resources for TSP areas

Prepare a broad policy framework for development

Define a suitable administrative strategy for its implementation

GIS for Decision Support and

Public Policy Locating vulnerable communities (in terms of social,

cultural, economic and/or political traditions and institutions)

Identifying major resources that can be diverted for planning, utilize and manage with a focus on the specific needs of vulnerable communities.

Understanding local practices and sustainability

Capacity development and market products

GIS for Decision Support and

Public Policy

Sustainable agriculture

GIS for Decision Support and

Public Policy Issues in Agricultural Sector in Punjab

Extensive paddy-wheat cycle (MSP influenced)

Over exploitation of groundwater

Groundwater lowering

Impacts

(More) deep bore well

More requirements of electricity

Environmentally unsustainable

GIS for Decision Support and

Public Policy Possible actions

Identify grouond water depleted area

Identify alternative (less water intensive) agricultural practices and assess productivity

Promote and support alternative agricultural practices

Providing MSP on those crops

Assist in marketing

Evaluate

Rethinking?

Discussion