of 25
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
1/25
Renaissance and Reformation
Chapter 12
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
2/25
Economic Prosperity Life began to improve toward the end of
the Middle Ages New farming technology produced more
food There was a new emphasis on learning.
By the 15th century cities reemerge in Italy
Trade increased as a result of thecrusades A new interest in Greek and Roman
civilizations came from contact withByzantine and Muslim cultures
Increased trade led to a new middle classof wealthy merchants and artisans. Patrons provided financial support for
the artsLorenzo de Medici was a wealthy merchant
and famous patronThe Roman Catholic Church also funded
many artists work
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
3/25
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
4/25
Middle Ages vs.
Renaissance
Focus of The Middle Ages:Religious matters and the
afterlifeWarfare and danger
New Renaissance Ideals:Artists began to focus on
secular (worldly) things inaddition to religious subjects.
Humanism:
Human experiences andachievements werecelebrated during this time
Stability and learning replacedwarfare and illiteracy.
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
5/25
Italian painter andinventor known as atrue Renaissance Mandue to his many
interests
Leonardo Da Vinci
Below: Last Supper(1498)
Above: Mona Lisa(1503)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Mona_Lisa.jpeg8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
6/25
MichelangeloFamous painter and
sculptor most knownfor the ceiling of theSistine chapel and thestatue of David
Ceiling of
the
SistineChapel
(1508-
1512)
David
(1501-1504)
Piet (1499)
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.jefferyscottmitchell.com/images/places/italy/david-accademia/Image157.jpg&imgrefurl=http://char.txa.cornell.edu/language/principl/principl.htm&h=640&w=480&sz=26&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=RFvzWLcABysEKM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDavid%2Bmichaelangelo%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2005-08,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
7/25
Raphael
Painter most known for theSchool of Athens (below, 1510-1511) and the Transfiguration(right, 1516-1520 completed afterhis death by Giulio Romano)
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
8/25
Northern RenaissanceOver time the
Renaissance spreadto northern Europe.Around 1439 Johann
Gutenberg inventedthe printing press:
Increased literacySpread ideas fasterCheaper and easier
Albrecht Durer isknown as the German
LeonardoHe studied art in Italy
and took themovement back toGermany
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
9/25
HumanismSir Thomas More and Erasmus
were two humanist of the NorthernRenaissanceMore focused on the government in
Utopia (1515)
Erasmus was concerned with churchreform
They wonder much to hear that gold, which in
Sir Thomas More, Utopia
War is delightful to those who
have had no experience of it.
Desiderius Erasmus
Dutch author, philosopher,
& scholar (1466 - 1536)
http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/24523.htmlhttp://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Desiderius_Erasmus/http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Desiderius_Erasmus/http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/24523.html8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
10/25
LiteratureWilliam Shakespeare: wrote 37 plays that
are still performed all over the world
Cervantes: wrote Don Quixote, the storyof the adventures of a foolish knight.
Machiavelli: made observations about
government and wrote The Prince The end justifies the means.
It is better to be feared than loved.
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
11/25
ReformationNew ideas about
Christianity began to
spread.The Roman Catholic
Church was forced toreform.
Popes were caught upin worldly affairs, powerhungry, lavish lifestyles
They sold
indulgences(forgiveness of sin) topay for arts
Do you think that all of the clergy members
were corrupt during the Middle Ages? Is it
fair to judge an entire group because of the
actions of a few? Why or Why Not?
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
12/25
Protestant Reformation
Some reformers,known as
Protestants, totally
separated from the
Catholic Church Martin Luther:
Drew up 95 Theses, a
list of arguments
against indulgencesand posted them on
Wittenberg's All Saints
church, he argued
salvation through faith
How do you think the
Roman Catholic Church
responded to Luthers
concerns? How would
things be different if they
had responded
differently?
What is the root
word of Protestant?
What do you think a
Protestant is based
on this root word?
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
13/25
Protestant Reformation ContinuedJohn Calvin believed in
predestination (the ideathat God determinedlong ago who would gainsalvation.) spread new ideas
throughout Europe whichled to wars with theCatholics
Huguenot: FrenchCalvinists that foughtCatholics
John Knox: led a religiousrebellion in Scotland,overthrew the CatholicQueen and set up ScottishPresbyterian Church
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
14/25
Conflict Between Popes and PrincesPeace of Augsburg:1555 allowed princes to decide
which religion would be followed in his lands. Most in
the north Lutheran, south Catholic
1. Which religion is still themost dominant in Europe?
2. Where can the Anglican
Church be found?
3. If you were a Calvinist you
might have lived in whichkingdoms?
4. How can you tell that
there were lots of religious
conflicts in E. Europe?
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
15/25
Radical Reformers:Anabaptists sought radical social change and
believed that only adults could receive thesacrament of baptismThey also called for the separation of Church and
State.
How has the beliefs of the Anabaptists shaped our countryand local community?
How have they changed over time?
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
16/25
English Reformation and King Henry VIII
Henry VIII of England(defender of the catholicfaith) wanted a son
His wife Catherine ofAragon only had adaughter (Mary Tudor).Divorce is forbidden in the
Catholic Church so Henryasked for an annulment.
Catherines Nephew was
the Holy Roman Emperorand had connections withthe pope so theannulment was denied
1. Why was it so importantfor Henry to have a son?
2. Explain in your ownwords why you thinkHenrys divorce wasdenied.
3. What do you think willhappen next?
http://../Global%20Studies%20One/Media%20Files/henry%20viii.wmvhttp://../Global%20Studies%20One/Media%20Files/henry%20viii.wmv8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
17/25
enry s rea rom ome c c ere)The Act of Supremacy
made Henry the supremehead of the Church ofEngland not the pope.He closed all catholic
churches and monasteries
Established the AnglicanChurch but kept most formsof Catholic worship and
doctrine
1. How do you think the Catholics in England responded to the Act of
Supremacy?
2. Would you have made the same decision as Henry? If not what
would you have done differently?
http://../Global%20Studies%20One/Media%20Files/henry%20viii.wmvhttp://../Global%20Studies%20One/Media%20Files/henry%20viii.wmv8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
18/25
"King Henry the Eighth, to six wives he was
wedded: One died, one survived, two divorced, two
beheaded".
Through a series of 6 marriages Henry produced a
son and two daughters
Catherine of Aragon -> Divorced -> Mary
Anne Boleyn -> Beheaded -> Elizabeth IJane Seymour (sole true wife) -> died of puerperal fever
-> Edward VI
Other wives include: another Anne (divorce), Catherine
Howard (executed), and Catherine Parr
More accurately they were "divorced, beheaded, died,
divorced, beheaded, survived".
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
19/25
Compare and Contrast
How was Henry VIIIs part in the Protestant
Reformation similar to that of Luther, Calvin, and
other reformers?
How was Henry VIIIs role in the ProtestantReformation different?
Do you think that his break from Rome was
justified? Why or Why not?
How would you feel if you were a Catholic living
in England during the time of Henry VIII?
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
20/25
Henrys Heirs
Edward VI, his only son, ruled briefly from 1547-1553, he was a sickly kid and died in his teens.
Mary, Henrys first daughter, became queen in
1553 and tried to restore England to RomanCatholicism. (Bloody Mary)
Elizabeth, Henrys daughter with Anne Boleyn,finally became queen when Mary died and
restored peace to EnglandShe ruled both Protestants and Catholics with toleranceand compromise while securing England as aProtestant nation.
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
21/25
Catholic Response to Reformation
Council of Trent: Group that would
determine catholicreform, reaffirmedtraditional views, tried toend abuses, worldliness,
and corruption amongthe clergy
Inquisition A church court set up to
root out heresies usingtorture, and testimony.
Ignatius of Loyola A Spanish knight that
founded the Jesuits agroup that fought againstheresy and spread theCatholic Faith
St. Teresa of Avila Established a convent of
Carmelite nuns that lived inisolation, dedicatingthemselves to prayer andmeditation, she also
reformed other convents Results of the CatholicReformation: Rome became more pious
(religious), charity andreligious art flourished, it didnot stop the Protestant
movement
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
22/25
Results of the Reformation
Widespread Persecution: Witch Hunts= religious fervor led to
the accusations of many women andsome men of being witches and tensof thousands died as a result.
Jews= they were under pressure toconvert to Christianity and began tobe forced to live in Ghettos (sectionsof a city where mainly minorities liveseparated from the rest of society)
Anti-Semitism grew and some wereexpelled from Christian lands andforced them to identify themselves Ottomans and Dutch Calvinists
tolerated the Jews and took them in.
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
23/25
Looking Ahead Age of Reason
People began to question what they
had always accepted to be true.The Scientific Method is used to
explain things.Church and Government officials
felt threatened by humanism andcensored many Renaissance andScientific ideas.
Exploration Rebirth in learning led to
questions about the world thatexplorers wanted to answer. Those fleeing religious
persecution in Europe went tothe Americas to start a newlife
Revolution
Humanist questions aboutgovernment, church, andsociety let to calls for reform.
Many countries experiencedRevolutionary and Civil Warsthat made up the world we livein today.
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
24/25
Persuasive Poster
Create a persuasive poster for one
of the Protestant sects of
Christianity that emerged during the
Reformation.Use the following to catch the eye of the
audience and convince someone to
convert to your religion.
SloganColor Cartoon
Basic Beliefs
8/14/2019 Ren and Ref09
25/25
YourtopiaGov: Monarchy or
DictatorshipOligarchy Aristocracy Democracy
Econ: Free Market Communist Mix Other
Culture Patriarchal Matriarchal Egalitarian Other
Religion Monotheistic Polytheistic Separate fromState
Other