Renew | Re-energise | Reinvent

3R Consultants:

A bio-industry innovation, project and business development group.

Our team:

Farmer turned Water/Waste/Solar Energy expert; Oil/Gas/Chemicals Engineer turned IT/Business turned BioIndustry expert; a Market Research/Benefit Cost expert

We specialise in:

> Monitoring/evaluating global bio-industry feedstocks, technologies, products, projects, markets.

> Preparing bio-mass, energy, fuels, water and waste products assessments and solutions for clients.

> Establishing and leading business, technical and commercial transformation projects.

> Identifying biomass feedstocks, technologies, products and projects for urban, rural, mining and remote communities.

> Performing feasibility studies for the best project configuration, size and location for our clients.

> Selecting suitable remote location equipment e.g. prefabricated, skid-mounted, simple to operate.

> Assisting in funding, promoting projects to potential investors, marketing and commercial activities.

Our total life-cycle bio-industry expertise in the following emerging bio-technologies:

> Council/Other Waste to Electricity, Bio-Fuels, Chemicals using Plasma Gasification, Syngas, Fischer Tropsch (FT), Bio-refining.

> Sugarcane Bagasse to Ethanol/Butanol, Electricity, Bio-Fuels and Fertilisers using Fermentation, Gasification, Syngas and FT.

> Oil Seeds, Kernels e.g. Pongamia, Waste Fatty Products to Biodiesel and Jefuel.

> Parabolic Mirror Solar Energy to Electricity and/or Water Purification using Steam Generation, Thermal Storage and Steam Engines. Also Biomass Steam Boilers to Electricity, Water Purification.

> Sewage/Wet Waste/Green Waste Bio-Digesters for Biogas, Electricity, Compost Soil Improver.

> Plasma Gasification of Hazardous and Recycle Waste products.

Bio-Industry Roadmap - Who are we?

Our Team and Skills in Bio-Industry Innovation, Incubation and Commercialisation:

> Phill Carlon: Part of an innovative agricultural, livestock, irrigation and commercial property family who moved to Cairns 35 years ago. Member of the Australian Waste Management Association with expertise in water purification, solar energy to electricity using steam and thermal storage, council and remote community waste management and a new biodigester innovation.

> Neville Wood: 30 years experience in identifying/evaluating/implementing/operating new technologies and projects for Australian Chemicals, Oil and Gas industries. This was followed by 15 years in Australia/UK IT technology projects while the bio-industries evolved. Bio-industry work resumed in 2013 to identify, evaluate and promote viable bio-industry projects for Cairns/FNQ.

> Bill Cummings: Refer to http://www.cummings.net.au for his large contribution to Cairns projects and growth over the last 35 years. Numerous Northern Australia benefit cost feasibility studies. Major projects include Cairns Airport, Seaport, JCU Cairns Campus. JCU Councillor and 2015 Cairns Regional Council Citizen of the Year. Recent work included Cairns Harbour Dredging, Queensland Electricity Tariffs, Cape Tribulation Solar Energy User Survey.

> Other Australian/International bio-industry process technology and equipment supply groups.

Our Approach and Methods

> Our team has 100+ years of Cairns, Northern/Southern Australia and UK skills and experience in evaluating, introducing and growing new technologies, projects, methods and businesses.

> Our goal is to expand our team through collaboration with universities and other innovative young people and professionals to kick-start the Cairns/NQ Bio-Industrial Revolution. Our role will consist of ongoing activities to monitor, evaluate, research, develop, test, build new projects and businesses.

> We have standard methods for Feasibility Studies and Technology/Business Transformation that often involve changes to business processes, technologies, IT systems, organisations and cultures.

> Our standard Transformation report contains a situation assessment, scope of work/requirements, current status of each requirement, GAP Analysis to highlight the Issues/Problems and recommended options/solutions for each GAP.

Feasibility Study Projects

Waste Management Projects:

> Waste Recycling Transformation Project.

> Plasma Gasification of Cairns household/community waste produce electricity, biofuels, fertilisers.

> Smaller Plasma Gasification project for recovery/disposal of recycled and hazardous wastes.

> Biodigester/Composting of sewage, household, food, agriculture and animal wastes to produce biogas, electricity, biofuels, or for soil improvement and reduced fertiliser usage.

B. Bio-Fuels and Bio-Chemicals Projects:

> “Farmers Friend” BioIndustry project with bagasse feedstock to produce alcohols, bio-diesel, urea.

> Medium term higher value bio-commodities using bagasse and council/green waste feedstocks.

> Biodiesel/biojetfuel production from Oil Seeds, Kernels, Fatty Waste using old/new technologies.

C. Other Projects:

> Solar Energy Bio-Electricity and Water Purification using parabolic mirrors, steam generation, thermal storage and steam engines.

> Electricity Generation for remote Northern Queensland diesel fueled electricity generators.

> Renewable Energy for Mines.

> Remote Communities Bio-Industry Model.

Projects

Future Waste Management Vision – Allocation within Individual Projects

Phillip Carlon - 3R Consultants Cairns, Australia - 26th March 2016

PLASMAGASIFICATION PLAN

SEWAGE PLANT/DIGESTER

WATER PURIFICATION

DRY WASTE

WET WASTE

RESTAURANT

WASTE AIR CONDITIONER HEAT

FOOD SCRAPS

GREEN WASTE

SLUDGE

DIRTY WATERSEA WATER

GROUND WATER

FUTURE BIOFUELS

PROCESSES

GARDEN WASTE

RECYCLE BINS

LOCAL GARBAGE BINS VITRIFIED

CONSTRUCTION

OR ROAD BASE

RECOVERED METALS

ELECTRICITY

BIOFUELS, FERTILISERS

GLASS

PALLETS

ELECTRONIC WASTE

CARDBOARD

TYRES

ALL BATTERIES

ORGANIC WASTE

BIO GAS

MICROBES,ALGAE ETC.

BIO

GAS

CO2

WASTE(RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL

INDUSTRIAL WASTE)

KEY

Inputs

Output

Revenue Streams

KEY TO INDIVIDUAL BIOINDUSTRY PROJECTSProject 1 : Council Collections / Transfer Stations

Project 2 : Waste to power and bioproducts

Project 3 : Recycled, metal and hazardous materials

Project 4 : Sewage / Biodigester

Project 5 : Water Purification

BioIndustry Project/Business 15“I”s Life Cycle Diagram

This Diagram shows our proposed BioIndustry Life Cycle Diagram to effectively manage the large number of new and existing BioIndustry Projects in a Roadmap, Funding Round, or Capital Works Program, etc.

It reflects the large scope and immaturity of the BioIndustry with many in-house and external Ideas, Inventions, etc. being constantly generated. These need to be recorded and managed using standard and consisted procedures.

More Details on our BioIndustry Life Cycle Management process and preliminary standard methods are in Appendix 1

BioIndustry RoadmapCairns/Queensland BioIndustry Roadmap

BioIndustry Project/Business 15“I”s Life Cycle Diagram

This Diagram shows our proposed BioIndustry Life Cycle Diagram to effectively manage the large number of new and existing BioIndustry Projects in a Roadmap, Funding Round, or Capital Works Program, etc.

It reflects the large scope and immaturity of the BioIndustry with many in-house and external Ideas, Inventions, etc. being constantly generated. These need to be recorded and managed using standard and consisted procedures.

BioIndustry Project/Business 15“I”s Life Cycle Diagram

26th March 2016

Cairns/Queensland BioIndustry Roadmap

This Diagram shows our proposed BioIndustry Life Cycle Diagram toeffectively manage the large numberof new and existing BioIndustryProjects in a Roadmap, FundingRound, or Capital Works Program,etc.

It reflects the large scope andimmaturity of the BioIndustry withmany in-house and external Ideas,Inventions, etc. being constantlygenerated. These need to be recorded and managed using standard and consisted procedures.More Details on our BioIndustry LifeCycle Management process andpreliminary standard methods are inAppendix 1

Neville Wood-3R Consultants Cairns, AustraliaNeville Wood - 3R ConsultantsCairns, Australia - 26th March 2016

Project 1: Municipal Waste Processes – Household Waste

AMRC = Advanced Resource Recovery Centre (Bedminster)

MRC = Materials Recovery Centre

FEEDSTOCKS PROCESSES AND LOCATIONS PRODUCTS

NO REGIONALPERMANENT DISPOSAL

AUSTRALIAN PERMANENTUSE/ DISPOSAL

NO AUSTRALIANPERMANENT DISPOSAL

LOCAL USE

LOCAL USE

NO REGIONALPERMANENT DISPOSAL

SEPARATE AND LOADNOMINATED WASTE

YELLOW COUNCILBINS

SEPARATE AND LOADRECYCLING WASTE

PRIVATE BINS,BAGS, TRAILERS

LOAD GREEN ANDBUILDING WASTE

COUNCIL TRANSFERSTATIONS

RECEIVE GREEN ANDRECYCLE WASTE

TRANSPORTED TO MAREEBACAPPED LANDFILL

MOVED TOOTHER DEPOTS

CONVERTED TOMULCH

TRANSPORTED TOVARIOUS LANDFILLS

CONVERTEDTO MULCH

CONVERTEDTO COMPOST

(OFTEN CONTAINS GREEN WASTE)

ORGANIC WASTE

TOTAL WASTE

SMALL QUANTITIES

NOT RECYCLEWASTE

RECYCLE WASTE

GREEN WASTE

BUILDING WASTE

PACKAGED/BUNDLED UP

LIMITED QUANTITIESDUE TO IMPURITIES,BIOGAS DISCHARGE

MAINLY SENT OVERSEAS OR TO

CAPPED LANDFILLS

RECYCLE WASTEBULKY WASTE

GREEN WASTE

GREENCOUNCIL BINS

LOCAL USE

HOUSEHOLD AND GARDEN WASTE

COUNCILCOLLECTION

PICK-UP AND DELIVER TO AMRC

COUNCILCOLLECTION

MANYROUTES

DELIVER TOVARIOUS PLACES

PICK-UP ANDDELIVER TO MRC

GAP Analysis and Recommendations Examples – Council Household Waste Management

Ref GAP Requirement Remedial Action Priority By Whom By When

1 There is no Council Provided Green Waste Bin Service.

Best practice Waste Management for a General Waste Bin, Recycle Bin and Green Waste Bin. This last requirement applies particularly in the Tropics.

There needs to be a Council Supplied Green Waste Bin.

1 Council 6-12 months

2 Existing paper-label stickers “Allowed Items”and “Prohibited Items” instructions placed on Bins quickly fade and illegible.

All Bins to have Permanent Adhesive Plastic Instructions; to be regularly inspected and replaced by Councils.

These plastic labels to be implemented on all new and existing Bins.

1 Council 3-6 months

3 There is NO regular Council service to perform Bin Audits and attach visible Compliance Labels to bins.

Qld Govt. should support a Regular Council service to perform Bin Audits and attach visible compliance Labels to Bins.

Bin Audits and Compliance Audits to be established following the South Australian Zero waste SA protocols.

1 Council / Qld Govt.

6-12 months

4 There is NO Container Deposit Legislation where the Purchaser pays a refundable 10 cents to the Retailer.

Qld Govt. to pass Container Deposit Legislation for the whole of Qld.

Container Deposit processes and methods to be established; following the South Australian protocols.

1 Qld Govt., Other Parties

6-12 months

UrbanWastetoSyngasandElectricity,BioFuels–ProcessSchematic Notes: Techtronics Plasma Gasification features are: a) very high temperatures for wastes with silica, metals, glass, rubble impurities, b) efficient Syngas cleaning processes, c) high yields of syngas, d) non-polluting Plasmarok glasslike residue.

Urban Waste to Syngas and Electricity, BioFuels–Process Schematic

Notes: Techtronics Plasma Gasification features are:

a) very high temperatures for wastes with silica, metals, glass, rubble impurities;

b) efficient Syngas cleaning processes;

c) high yields of syngas; and

d) non-polluting Plasmarok glasslike residue.

Bio-Industry Roadmap – Bagasse, Waste, Biomass to Ethanol/Butanol, Electricity, Biofuels and Fertilisers.

(Existing cost competitive feedstocks, 2016-18 commercialised technology and existing markets.)

Nevills Wood - 3R ConsultantsCairns, Australia - 8th April 2016

FEEDSTOCKS PROCESSES PRODUCTS

INTERNAL PROCESSFUEL PRODUCTION

ETHANOL

OTHER FERTILISERS

COUNCIL WASTE

OIL SEEDS, KERNELS,FATTY WASTE

ENERGY CANE

SUGAR CANE

GREEN WASTE, ETC.

FOLIAGE SORGHUM

SULPHURIC ACID

SUGAR CANEBAGASSE

AGRICULTURE ANDFORESTRY BIOMASS

ETHANOLPRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

CO COLLECTION

AMMONIA

DEOXEGENATION

FAEE BIODIESEL

UREA

ETHANOL

BUTANOLSTEAM/POWERINTERNAL USE

BIO DIESELBIO JETFUELBIO PETROL

BTX CHEMICALFEEDSTOCK

TO E10 BLENDING

POWER TOGRID

B15 MANDATEBLEND

SOLVENTS

AMMONIUMNITRATE

UREA

FERTILISERPRODUCTS

CRUDEBIODIESEL

GLYCERINE,ANIMAL FEED

OXYGEN

OXYGEN

NITROGEN

E.G.

BIOREFINERY LOCATION

REMOTE

LOCATION

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

MT.ISA

MAINLY

NON-AROMATICS MAINLY

AROMATICS

2

1. Alcohol Fermentation Processes and Products

2. Gasification & Synthesis Gas Processes and Projects

3. Oil Seeds, Kernels, Fatty Waste to Biodiesel

STEAM AND POWERCO-GENERATION

BUTANOLPRODUCTION

PLASMA GASIFIERBIOFUELS SYNGAS

AIRSEPARATION

PLASMA GASIFIERAMMONIA SYNGAS

AMMONIUMSULPHATE

NITRIC ACID ANDAMMONIUM NITRATE

HYDROCARBONPRODUCTS

FERTILISERBLENDING

BIOFUELS PRODUCTIONAND REFINERY

Key Current Projects Key Future Projects

Notes March 2016: A new process producing Biodiesel & Bio-jetfuel directly from Bagasse is now at Pilot Stage.FAEE=Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester. Main current biodiesel product using oil seed and ethanol feeds.BTX=Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, High Octane Oil Refinery and Chemical Feedstock.

Solar and Auxiliary Energy to Electricity and Purified Water

(Parabolic Mirrors, Steam Energy Storage, Steam Turbine/Engines, Thermal Distillation)

Notes:

1.This flowchart contains several emerging/ proven technologies where a feasibility study is required.

2.This should be followed by an Australian R&D Pilot Plant to validate the process configuration, technical readiness, equipment suppliers, production cost estimate and commercial viability.

SEWAGE

BIOMASS

SOLAR ENERGY

SEA/RIVER WATER

GROUND WATER

PROCESS WATER

ELECTRICITY TO MINE, GRID OR COMMUNITY

WASTE BRINE

PURIFIED WATER

FEED PREPARATION

BIOGASHP STEAM

LP

STEAM

LLP

STEAM

GENERATOR

CONDENSER AND WATER EVAPORATORS

STEAM

ENGINE

STEAM

COMBINED

STEAM TURBINE

AND GENERATOR

AUXILIARY

STEAM BOLIER

COOL

WATER

FEED WATER

SOLAR ENERGY TROUGHS

AND COLLECTORS

THERMAL STORAGE

UNITS

CONDENSATE

CONDENSATE

PREHEATER

STEAM

BIODIGESTOR

HOT WELL

(140 BAR - 500 °C)

PROTOTYPE

TEST UNIT FOR

HEAT STORAGE

SYSTEM

COMBINED

STEAM TURBINE

& GENERATOR

STEAM

ENGINEGENERATOR

Controlled temp Biogas plant

1. Unsorted household waste

3. Separation

4. Outputs

2. Renescience bioreactor

Water, enzymes

and bacteria

Controlled temp

Recyclable materials Refuse Derived Fuel/Solid Recovered Fuel

Green power

Green gas

Transport fuel

Evolving technology from Dong Energy.

Phillip CarlonRenewable Energy Expert

0411 770 673 / +61 411 770 673phill@3rconsultants.com.au

AUSTRALIA

NEW ZEALAND

PAPUA NEW GUINEA