Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources - PPT Notes Chapter 2 – Lesson 2.1 Mr. Distasio _________________________________________________________________ ____ Theme Outline Lesson 2.1 Earth’s Resources Renewable Resources Nonrenewable Resources Fossil Fuels Global Energy Use and Production Alternative Energy Resources ______________________________________________________________________ _____ PA Academic Standards for Environment & Ecology Standard 4.2.10.A Explain that renewable and nonrenewable resources supply energy and materials. • Identify alternative sources of energy. • Identify and compare fuels used in industrial and agricultural societies. • Compare and contrast the cycles of various natural resources. • Explain food and fiber as renewable resources. ______________________________________________________________________ ______ Learning Objectives Students will compare and contrast various renewable and nonrenewable natural resources. Students will define food and fiber as renewable resources. Students will identify and compare fuels used in developed and developing nations and identify alternative sources of energy. ______________________________________________________________________ ______ Earth’s Resources Resources come from the Earth, either in raw form or as material used to make new products.
Mr. Distasio_____________________________________________________________________
Theme OutlineLesson 2.1 Earth’s Resources Renewable Resources Nonrenewable Resources Fossil Fuels Global Energy Use and Production Alternative Energy Resources___________________________________________________________________________
PA Academic Standards for Environment & EcologyStandard 4.2.10.A Explain that renewable and nonrenewable resources supply energy and materials.
• Identify alternative sources of energy.• Identify and compare fuels used in industrial and agricultural societies.• Compare and contrast the cycles of various natural resources.• Explain food and fiber as renewable resources.
Students will compare and contrast various renewable and nonrenewable natural resources. Students will define food and fiber as renewable resources. Students will identify and compare fuels used in developed and developing nations and identify alternative sources of energy.____________________________________________________________________________
Earth’s Resources Resources come from the Earth, either in raw form or as material used to make new products.
Earth’s resources include organisms, air, water, and soil, as well as materials such as oil, gas, and ores that are removed from the ground for processing.
Two main classifications of resources: __________________________________________________________________
Common Renewable Resources: F____________ & F____________ S__________________ W___________ The S_______ B_________________ fuels G_________________ energy
Food and Fiber Renewable agricultural resources such as _________ grown for human and livestock consumption, wild and planted ____________crops, and wild and domesticated ___________
Example: wheat grown in Pennsylvania
How is food & fiber renewable? Food & Fiber can be harvested indefinitely, unless their ______ exceeds their rate of ___________________.
• Soil is a mixture of living and nonliving materials that provide habitat for plants and organisms.
• Soil forms over _________________ of years when rock is exposed to weathering processes.
• Soil formation varies with the climate differences.Example: hot, humid climates form larger amounts of soil more quickly than dry climates.
______________________________________________________________________How is soil renewable?
• Soil does take thousands of years to form. However, soil is renewable as long as the living _______________ matter in the soil remains ______________.
• Soil can become depleted of organic matter, at which point it becomes nonrenewable. Example: poor agricultural practices.______________________________________________________________________
Wind• Wind is air in motion.• Wind is caused by the unequal _____________ of air across the Earth’s surface. • Can be used to generate electricity, through the use of windmills and turbines.______________________________________________________________________
How is wind renewable?• Wind is inexhaustible.
• As long as there is an uneven heating of the Earth’s surface, winds will be generated, creating a potentially harvestable resource.______________________________________________________________________
Solar Energy• Definition : ______________________________________• The Sun …
• Provides _________ and __________ to our planet.• Scientists estimate that the sun’s capacity to generate heat and light will remain relatively stable for the next _________________ years• Without the sun, Earth would not support _________, mainly the ___________ who
convert energy form the sun into ___________ at the base of the ________ ____________
Water• The amount of water on Earth today is the ________ as it was 5 billion years ago.• Earth holds about 326 trillion gallons of water below, on, and above the Earth’s surface.
______________________________________________________________________How is water renewable?
• Groundwater and freshwater sources recharge natural systems as water in those systems is used, thus able to be replenished and considered renewable.
• Water ______________ threatens to limit the amount of usable water available for consumption.______________________________________________________________________
Biomass Fuels• Definition: _________________________________________• Materials which can be used to provide energy when taken through a process of _______________________________
Biomass fuels have seen a huge increase in use over the past two decades. Biomass fuels are commonly used in _________________countries as a fuel source
because they are ____________________ and readily available.______________________________________________________________________
How are biomass fuels renewable?• Biomass fuels are considered renewable resources because the products from which they originate are ________________________.
Example: wood used for heating purposes is derived from trees which provide timber which can be harvested within the typical human lifespan
Geothermal Energy• Definition: heat that is transferred by____________, which can be brought to the surface and used to drive electric generators as well as to heat homes and other buildings.
____________ from deep within the Earth that can be harvested. Fueled by the ___________of radioactive elements within the Earth.
______________________________________________________________________How is geothermal energy renewable?
• Heat harvested as a byproduct of radioactive decay from an inexhaustible supply of radioactive elements buried deep below the surface of the Earth.
Rocks as Resources• Rocks are mixtures of one or more___________________.• Common economically important rocks in Pennsylvania include marble, sandstone, granite, and limestone used as ornamental stones in buildings and in landscaping.• The major non-metallic resources mined in Pennsylvania today include c________, l_______________, g___________, s________, s___________, gravel and clay.______________________________________________________________________
Fossil Fuels• Definition: fuels such as wood, charcoal, peat, coal, oil, and natural gas that release energy when burned
Considered to be nonrenewable because they take ________________ of years to form. Major fossil fuels in __________________countries include: _______________
• Formed when wetland ________ die, are buried, and undergo physical and chemical changes over millions of years.
• Considered nonrenewable because they take millions of years to form______________________________________________________________________
Stages of Coal FormationStage 1: P____________
Porous brown mass of organic matter containing twigs, roots, and other plant material
About 50% carbon
Stage 2: L_____________ Soft brown organic material that results from compression that forces out
oxygen, hydrogen, and water About 70% carbon
Stage 3: Coal formation Additional pressure and temperature changes cause the organic matter to
further develop into harvestable coal.
Types of Coal_________________ Coal
• First form of coal created during Stage 3• “___________” coal• About 85% carbon
_________________ Coal• Second form of coal created during Stage 3• “___________” coal• About 90% carbon• Clean-burning coal because it contains very high amounts of carbon.
______________________________________________________________________World leaders in the production of coal
• 50% former Soviet Union• 20% China• 15% United States
Most of which is lignite and bituminous coal.______________________________________________________________________Anthracite Coal Production
)
______________________________________________________________________Bituminous Coal Production
Petroleum and Natural Gas• Formed from the remains of plants, bacteria, algae, and other microscopic marine organisms.• Formed when ________ organic matter is produced than is destroyed, which is common in coastal waters.• Chemical and physical changes result in the formation of organic matter in the form of liquids and gases.___________________________________________________________________________
History of Pennsylvania Petroleum and Natural Gas• Pennsylvania is not a significant producer of petroleum or natural gases, but does have some historical importance.
• _____________________, Pennsylvania 1859 oil well installation Beginning of the 19th century oil boom
__________________________________________________________________________Source Rock
• Petroleum and natural gas formation occur below the Earth’s surface.• These fluids and gases collect within the rock formations underground.• Separation of products
• Oil is ______ dense and often migrates and collects in the ________ of fuel reservoirs
• Gas is ______dense and migrates to the _______ of the fuel reservoir__________________________________________________________________________
Global Energy Use and Production• World’s total energy consumption rates have been increasing in many countries, both developed and developing.
Example: China uses coal as the main resource to heat their homes. Thus, as ___________________ increase, and ___________________rates
increase, coal supplies must also increase in order to meet this demand.__________________________________________________________________________
World Energy Consumption Alternative Energy Resources
• Alternative energy sources are being pursued in many developed countries as a way to counteract the developed world's dependence on ___________________ resources that are being exhausted faster than they can be replaced.• Common alternative energy resources:
Solar EnergyTwo types of solar systems• __________________Solar Solar cells convert solar energy directly into electricity.• S_________ T_____________ S______________
Sunlight is concentrated to produce heat, which boils water to generate steam which turns a turbine to produce electricity.____________________________________________________________________________
Passive Solar Energy System (diagram)____________________________________________________________________________
Solar Thermal Systems (pictures)____________________________________________________________
Wind• Blades on a wind ________________ drive a ___________________, producing electricity.• Maximum outputs are achieved by using the _______________blades available, in areas with the ______________ wind speed.• Groups of windmills clustered in an area are commonly referred to as wind__________________________________________________________________________________________
• Energy from moving water in lakes and streams can be used to turn turbines, which spin a generator and generate electricity.___________________________________________________________________________
Geothermal Power• Heat from deep within the Earth that can be harvested to produce electricity.• The ___________ in geothermal reservoirs can be brought to the surface as either hot water or steam, and either further heated or used to directly generate electricity.
Geothermal Heating Systems
______________________________________________________________________Nuclear Power
• Nuclear power uses __________________ to break uranium to generate electricity.
• Fission releases energy as ________ that turns water into _________, spinning a turbine to generate electricity.
• Pennsylvania is home to ____ nuclear reactors, at 5 locations.
______________________________________________________________________Nuclear Power
• Hydrogen is a clean way to produce energy, and since hydrogen, the main element in _________________ is almost inexhaustible, it is a very promising alternative energy source.• Low_____________________.• Hydrogen __________ __________ work much like a battery top produce electricity, taking advantage of the charges present in the fuel cell.____________________________________________________________________________
