Renewable Energy & Social Enterprise in India.Research Project with

Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship - SBS. Oxford.Kaustubh Ambavanekar- EMBA-6

Said Business School, Oxford.

This is a research initiative to explore Social Enterprise (SE) activities in Renewable Energy

(RE). It illustrates that collaborative learning-by-doing by individuals across organisational

boundaries is key for the successful implementation of RE projects with help of SEs.

Introduction

“After years of

attempting to develop

renewable energy (RE)

mainly through large

private sector

initiatives, it is essential

to broadened its

approach to provide

more support for other

Purpose

more support for other

actors in this sector. The

purpose of this research

is to assess what role

social enterprise (SE)

activities can play in the

development of the RE

sector in the India.”

Social enterprises can provide innovative solutions to achieve the global ambition to

dramatically increase the proportion of the world energy that comes from renewable

sources most effectively.

The strategy is to make substantial use of social enterprise models to deliver

renewable energy, with multiple benefits, learning from successes domestically and

internationally.

Objectives- Social Enterprise and Renewable Energy

The specific steps suggested would enable the further development of the UK’s

renewable capacity to make the most of the opportunities social enterprise business

models provide.

That the Renewable Energy Strategy be implemented in the full context of the

government’s commitments on climate change and its other strategic objectives.

The programme should aim to promote sustainable business growth and new

business opportunities by enabling the establishment or further development of

social enterprises based on community scale renewable energy installations.

Social enterprise models need to offer

communities an opportunity to

contribute to changing the economics

of climate change as well as

advocating and informing changes in

individual behaviours. They need to

frequently deliver environmental

outcomes simultaneously to multiple

social benefits, such as employment

for those otherwise excluded from the

Mission

for those otherwise excluded from the

labour market and new community

assets. These models should present

opportunities for environmental

organisations to be more financially

sustainable, for existing social

enterprises to diversify and offer

environmental services and additional

means for policy makers to deliver

their environmental objectives.

Vision

Environmental social enterprises can operate businesses

ranging from community renewable energy through re-use and

recycling to environmental education.

Drivers for Renewable Energy Social Enterprise (RESE)

� 1.6 billion people- a quarter of humanity - live without electricity.

� Region Millions without electricity (world bank development indicators 2008)

�South Asia 706

�Sub-Saharan Africa 547

�East Asia 224

�Other 101

� Water problems affect half of humanity: Some 1.1 billion people in developing countries have inadequate

access to water, and 2.6 billion lack basic sanitation.

� In developing countries some 2.5 billion people are forced to rely on biomass-fuelwood, charcoal and animal

dung-to meet their energy needs for cooking.

Primary indicators

dung-to meet their energy needs for cooking.

� In sub-Saharan Africa, over 80 percent of the population depends on traditional biomass for cooking, as do

over half of the populations of India and China.

�Indoor air pollution resulting from the use of solid fuels [by poorer segments of society] is a major killer. It

claims the lives of 1.5 million people each year, more than half of them below the age of five: that is 4000 deaths

a day. To put this number in context, it exceeds total deaths from malaria and rivals the number of deaths from

tuberculosis.

�Approximately half the world’s population now live in cities and towns. In 2005, one out of three urban dwellers

(approximately 1 billion people) was living in slum conditions.

Source: World Bank Data & Statistics, accessed March 3, 2008

“ Renewable energy technologies are essential contributors

to the energy supply portfolio, as they contribute to world

energy security, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and provide

opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gases. Climate-

disrupting fossil fuels are being replaced by clean, climate-

stabilizing, non-depletable sources of energy”

Rationale

RESE Application Scenarios

Social

EnergySolar, Wind, Hydro

,Bio Fuel And

Geothermal

energy

AgricultureBioTechnology,

Access to clean

water, Irrigation

Waste MgmtRecycling,

Access and storage

RESE Applications

Social Enterprise

EducationLearning &

development in

Rural areas

Resources

SustainabilityDevelopment

Manufacturing

FinanceMicrofinance

Environmental sustainability is important to us all.

Sustaining the quality of our natural environment

and tackling the problem of climate change is

a huge challenge. Many social enterprises work to

provide environmental services including

renewable energy generation, recycling and reuse,

community transport, education and awareness

raising, and sustainable land management.

Environmental Sustainability

Many more have environmental concerns as part of their core social values and all social enterprises can

work to improve their environmental impact.

Environmental social enterprises offer the world a model where the results are truly triple bottom line:

environmentally, socially and economically sustainable. As awareness of the importance of combating

climate change and pressures on resources increase, there are tremendous opportunities for social

enterprise to make an even greater contribution.

Environmental considerations span the full remit of the Government, from national carbon reduction

targets to local authority commissioning of waste services. It is important to make clear to the

Government the key role that social enterprise can and should play in delivering on these aspirations.

Environmental Sustainability Results

An inside look at the making of a global energy service organization that produces wind

turbines locally to bring sustainable energy services and economic opportunity to

underserved regions of the world. Starting with proof of concept in Nicaragua, Mathias Craig

and blue Energy have their sights set on making a huge impact on the lives of the world’s

poor.

RESE Organisations

Measure:

Social businesses, green initiatives, and sustainability may seem

laudable in their own right, but-

1. How do we measure progress?

2. And when we are talking about a sustainable future.

3. what constitutes success? Perhaps more than any other, this is a

key issue facing governments, businesses, non-profits, and

communities today.

Sustain:

The Challenge: Change, Measure, SustainChange:

From population growth to

innovations in renewable

energies, we live in a world of

constant change. Is it now time

for businesses and individuals to

reassess their relationships with

natural resources and the

globalized community? And, as

some experts have suggested, can

we do so profitably? The idea of Sustain:

Sustainability has become a useful buzzword, but in the context of

rapid global change and technological innovation, what does

sustainability actually mean? And how, as global citizens and

professionals, can we operate in ways that ensure the world’s

resources for future generations?

we do so profitably? The idea of

change will be put to the test as

we reassess current capitalistic

structures and re-evaluate status

quo business models.

Issues in India

� India suffers from a severe shortage of electric capacity. According to the World Bank, roughly 40 percent of residences in India are without electricity.

� In addition, blackouts are a common occurrence throughout the country’s main cities.

� One-third of Indian businesses believe that unreliable electricity is one of their primary impediments to doing business.

� Further compounding the situation is that total demand for electricity in the country continues to rise and is outpacing increases in capacity.

� Adequate additional capacity has failed to materialize in India in light of market regulations, insufficient investment in the sector, and difficulty in obtaining environmental approval and funding for hydropower projects.

Electricity Shortage

� In addition, coal shortages are further straining power generation capabilities.

� In order to address this shortfall, the Indian government has set the goal of adding 90,000 MW of additional electric generation capacity by 2012.

� In light of these targets, the private sector is beginning to step up investment in the sector. For example, Uk-based Hinduja Group, which already operates several power plants in the country, has pledged $15 billion towards the addition of 10,000 MW of capacity over the next several years.

� The country also grapples with electricity efficiency issues. In order to improve efficiency standards, the Energy ConservationAct was passed in 2002, which established the Bureau of Energy Efficiency and has sought to promote efficient use of energy and labeling of energy-intensive products.

� It is also possible to import some electricity into India, as the country’s power grid is interconnected with the grids in Nepal and Bhutan. This has allowed for the export of surplus electricity to India, however, this is not likely to prove sufficient to make up for India’s lack of electric generation capacity.

Pollution and Co2 Levels

While high pollution levels were found over much of India, a concentrated pool of particles was

discovered over Bihar, a largely rural area with a high population density. Blanketing around 100 million

people, primarily in the Ganges Valley, the pollution levels are about five times larger than those typically

found over Los Angeles and can affect both human health and local climate. A large source contributing

to the Bihar pollution pool is the inefficient burning of a variety of biofuels during cooking and other

domestic use. Particles in the smoke remain close to the ground, trapped by valley walls, and unable to

mix upward because of a high-pressure system that dominates the region during winter.

Water Shortage

Education, Research & Innovation in India

Literacy Rates- India

Share of various Ministries and departments in the public

R&D expenditure in India, Plan Period - 10th: 2002-2007

R&D Expenditure & IPs

R&D expenditure in India, Plan Period - 10 : 2002-2007

P activity by India both residential and non-residential.

Innovation In India

Agricultural Challenges

Never before in the history of India, large

number of peasants (970 in 2001) resorted to

suicides since the later part of 1990s as the

economic policies have devastated the lives of

farmers. It has started in Andhra Pradesh Statefarmers. It has started in Andhra Pradesh State

and has spread over to Maharashtra, Madhya

pradesh, Punjab and other parts, which are the

highest food grown areas.

Indian Farmer suicide

Despite the fact that 60% of the population of India is involved in agriculture, “disastrous policies,

woeful access to affordable credit, greedy and corrupt middlemen, and indifferent administrations”

have created (and are maintaining) such an impossible credit and financial system for farmers that they

have been committing suicide in astounding numbers. The official statistic: since 1997, over five

hundred thousand (5000) farmers have killed themselves.

Indian Farmer suicide

Climate Change

Global Warming

Increased temperatures will impact agricultural production. Higher

temperatures reduce the total duration of a crop cycle by inducing early

flowering, thus shortening the `grain fill’ period. The shorter the crop

cycle, the lower the yield per unit area.

Climate change is one of the most serious challenges India faces, with consequences that

go far beyond its effect on the environment. In this regard, the Indian government has

decided to reduce the carbon intensity by 24% from 2005 levels by 2020 and The National

Action Plan on Climate Change seeks to promote Sustainable development through use of

clean technologies.

Challenges

Effects

India needs a change

Renewable Energy in India

� Since 2007, India installed 3,857 MW from wind energy; 619.53 MW from small hydro;

322 MW from biomass; 704.20 MW from bagasse cogeneration; 8.10 MW from solar energy; and

20.10 MW from urban and industrial waste to energy.

�The year marks the beginning of India’s 11th five-year economic plan. Renewable energy

installations from the current economic plan account for 35 percent of all of India’s installation

activities

�India’s renewable energy power generation capacity now stands at 15,789 megawatts following

Renewable Energy growth in India

�India’s renewable energy power generation capacity now stands at 15,789 megawatts following

government efforts to boost the sector.

�The minister cited the allocation of 3.9 billion Indian rupees ($86 million) to different renewable

energy projects and programs starting in 2009.

� India has introduced policies and regulatory measures for renewable energy development, such as financial

incentives, capital subsidy and customs duties.

�The country imposed preferential tariff for renewable power in strategic areas under its National Electricity Policy

2005 and national tariff policies. In 2003, the country set a fixed minimum percentage for renewable electricity

purchase through electricity legislation.

�Further government efforts include a generation-based incentives scheme for wind power which lays a 0.5 rupee

per unit incentive for electricity fed into the grid.

�The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission is currently the centre piece of India’s renewable energy

development.

Indian Policies

development.

�The program, launched in November, will boost deployment of solar energy systems and install 20,000 MW solar

capacity by 2022. The first phase of the mission targets grid connected solar power plants with a combined capacity

of 1,100 MW; equivalent off-grid solar applications of 200 MW; and solar thermal collectors that will cover an area

of 7 million square meters.

�Currently, the Indian government is trying to spread public awareness on the necessity of generating power from

renewable energy sources.

�The country plans to impose taxes on coal. Meanwhile, the World Bank has allotted $4 billion in loans for India’s

renewable energy projects.

Renewable energy certificate scheme- India

� The Indian government is reportedly working on plans for a new renewable energy certificate (REC) scheme

designed to drive investment in low-carbon energy projects.

� The scheme, which appears to be loosely modelled on the system of RECs in the US, would provide renewable

energy developers with an additional revenue stream while giving companies the ability to bolster their green

credentials by demonstrating that they have purchased renewable energy.

� A central agency will be set up to issue and administer RECs, while renewable energy generators will be

allowed to sell the electricity at an above-market tariff set by local power regulators, or sell the electricity and

associated REC separately.

� The country launched a feed-in tariff scheme for renewable energy last year and is also working on a high-

Renewable energy certificate scheme- India

� The country launched a feed-in tariff scheme for renewable energy last year and is also working on a high-

profile project, dubbed the Solar Mission, to deliver about 20GW of solar energy capacity in the next decade.

�India added 2.33GW of grid-connected renewable power capacity during the year to the end of March,

according to a statement from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, more than doubling the rate at which

it installed renewables capacity during the previous year.

�The record performance takes the country's total installed capacity of renewable energy to 16.8GW, far

outstripping the performance of many industrialised nations including the UK, France, Japan and Canada.

�India has approved in principal an ambitious National Solar Mission to generate 200GW of the country's energy

from sunlight by 2050, but it apparently expects substantial funding to come from western nations.

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

�Government of India has recently launched the ambitious Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission which aims to

promote the development and use of solar energy for power generation and other uses in the country. This Mission is

one of the eight key National Missions which comprise India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change.

�The mission has a twin objective - to contribute to India's long term energy security as well as its ecological

security.The Solar Mission would be implemented in 3 stages leading up to an installed capacity of 20,000 MW by the

end of the 13th Five Year Plan in 2022. It is envisaged that as a result of rapid scale up as well as technological

developments, the price of solar power will attain parity with grid power at the end of the Mission, enabling

accelerated and large-scale expansion thereafter.

�Mission will establish a single window investor-friendly mechanism, which reduces risk and at the same time,

provides an attractive, predictable and sufficiently extended tariff for the purchase of solar power for the grid.

Mission Features

provides an attractive, predictable and sufficiently extended tariff for the purchase of solar power for the grid.

�The focal point for the grid connected utility scale power plants, for the Phase 1 of the Mission, will be the NTPC

Vidyut Vyapar Nigam (NVVN), which is the power trading arm of the NTPC. Government has designated it for the

purchase of solar power generated by independent solar power producers, at rates fixed by the Central Regulatory

Electricity Commission and for a period specified by the latter.

�The mission includes a major initiative for promoting rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. The solar tariff

announced by the regulators will be applicable for such installations. The power distribution companies will be

involved in purchase of this power. The mission would have a 'much focussed R&D programme’ which seeks to

address the India-specific challenges in promoting solar energy.

�To create an enabling policy framework for the deployment of 20,000 MW of solar power by 2022.

�To ramp up capacity of grid-connected solar power generation to 1000 MW within three years – by

2013; an additional 3000 MW by 2017 through the mandatory use of the renewable purchase

obligation by utilities backed with a preferential tariff.

� This capacity can be more than doubled – reaching 10,000MW installed power by 2017 or more,

based on the enhanced and enabled international finance and technology transfer. The ambitious

target for 2022 of 20,000 MW or more, will be dependent on the ‘learning’ of the first two phases,

which if successful, could lead to conditions of grid-competitive solar power.

Mission Objectives

which if successful, could lead to conditions of grid-competitive solar power.

�The transition could be appropriately up scaled, based on availability of international finance and

technology.

�To create favourable conditions for solar manufacturing capability, particularly solar thermal for

indigenous production and market leadership.

�To promote programs for off grid applications, reaching 1000 MW by 2017 and 2000 MW by 2022.

�To achieve 15 million square meters solar thermal collector area by 2017 and 20 million square

meters solar thermal collector area by 2022.

�To deploy 20 million solar lighting systems for rural areas by 2022.

�The Mission underlines the Government’s intention to give a boost to solar energy and is a

purposeful step by India towards climate change mitigation“.

�The Solar Mission forms a part of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). An

analysis done by Greenpeace shows that the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission plan could

ensure an annual reduction of 434 million tons of CO2 emissions every year by 2050 based on the

assumption that solar will replace fossil fuels.

Incentives offered:

�CERC has announced preferential tariff of Rs. 18.44 per unit for solar PV power and Rs. 13.45 per

Mission Objectives

�CERC has announced preferential tariff of Rs. 18.44 per unit for solar PV power and Rs. 13.45 per

unit for solar thermal power for 25 years;

�Zero or concessional duty applicable on import of certain specific items;

�Zero Excise duty on domestic manufacture of many solar energy devices and systems;

�NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam will purchase solar power for a period of 25 years at a fixed tariff

announced by CERC;

�CERC will review the costs every year and fix tariff accordingly for new projects.

Social Enterprise offering Renewable Energy

Case Studies

SELCO India, a social enterprise that provides sustainable energy services to underserved

households and businesses in India, announced that it received a social growth financing

investment from an international consortium of leading social investors. The financing was led by

the Good Energies Foundation, a not-for-profit organization focused on the alleviation of poverty

through sustainable access to renewable energy, and also included the Lemelson Foundation, which

celebrates and supports inventors and entrepreneurs to strengthen social and economic life, and

E+Co, a non-profit investment firm that provides business support services and capital to energy

Case Studies- India

E+Co, a non-profit investment firm that provides business support services and capital to energy

enterprises in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

GOOD ENERGIES FOUNDATION

The mission of the Good Energies Foundation is poverty alleviation through sustainable access to

renewable energy. A Swiss registered foundation, it is independent from, but affiliated with, Good

Energies, Inc.

NextGen, incubated at NSRCEL, IIM-Bangalore operates in two major domains - Emission

Management and Waste to Energy. We are the pioneers of carbon accounting in India and have

worked with some of the biggest companies across the globe on their footprint estimation, analysis

, reduction and low carbon strategy. We help organizations measure, manage, mitigate and

communicate the environmental impact of their operations, supply chain, products and events

amongst others.

Case Studies- India

amongst others.

NextGen has developed an in house biogas technology for decentralized organic waste to energy

application, focusing on urban needs of reliability, hygiene and aesthetic values. This technology is

currently being deployed across IT parks, university campuses, housing complexes and hotel chains

across India.

Envirofit International was established to develop well-engineered technology solutions to improve

the human condition on a global scale, with a primary emphasis on applications in the developing

world. Envirofit's goal is to develop and distribute well-engineered energy products that address

major environmental problems in the global emerging markets that traditionally have been

overlooked. Established as a U.S. tax-exempt corporation, Envirofit utilizes initial donations and

institutional support to fund product development and early stage product commercialization, and

then uses operating income to develop and expand its businesses. In the rank of organizations

Case Studies-India

then uses operating income to develop and expand its businesses. In the rank of organizations

developing products for "bottom of the pyramid" markets, Envirofit is unique in its utilization of the

same rigorous product-development methodology and protocols used by modern industry. This

requires rigor in areas like design, validation, manufacturing, quality control, supply chain

management, distribution, inventory management, and marketing. Envirofit's goal is thus to build

and operate self-sustaining businesses as an entrepreneurial, commercially-driven, independent,

non-profit organization.

The CleanStar Trust was established in mid-2007 based on the realisation that with appropriate

technical and financial support, the rural poor could become great champions in the fight against

climate change and environmental degradation.

Today, we are a resource centre for community-based agro-forestry, clean energy production, and

environmental education programs that engage and benefit the rural poor.

CleanStar Energy is a private limited company registered in New Delhi, India. The company was

Case Studies-India

CleanStar Energy is a private limited company registered in New Delhi, India. The company was

launched in 2005 based on award-winning research at Oxford University. It now has offices in Pune,

Maharashtra and field sites in central and western Maharashtra.

CleanStar is proud to support the CleanStar Trust for Sustainable Development, an independent

non-profit group that helps the rural poor fight climate change.

Community Renewable Energy Ltd (CoRE) is a Social Enterprise. We know that many

communities have explored renewable energy and discovered that they lack the

resources to make this happen. We work with communities to develop systems that will

generate income and provide them with sustainable, secure energy supplies. In return

CoRE takes a stake in the companies set up; to recoup development costs and to support

the establishment of more community owned renewable energy systems.

Case Studies -Worldwide

The UK’s National Agency ECOTEC has awarded Embrace with one of the European

Commission’s flagship Transfer of Innovation projects. The project has been developed

over the years to address the need for qualified and well-trained people working in the

renewable energy sector. The project will be a platform to share the regional/ national

differences in vocational education and training (VET) within the renewable energy

sector

E+Co makes clean energy investments in developing countries. With 15 years of experience and

offices in 8 locations, E+Co's innovative business model provides lasting solutions to climate change

and poverty.

Case Studies- Cambodia

SME Cambodia and E + Co, a US non-profit renewable energy investment organization, have

established a new Cambodian renewable energy company. The new venture,SME Renewable

Energy Ltd., will promote renewable energy technologies and market biomass gasification power

generation systems in Cambodia and throughout the Greater Mekong region. SME-RE Ltd. offers

“turnkey” projects, including system design, project feasibility studies, project planning and project

financing, to rural electricity producers, agro-business processing enterprises and manufacturers

requiring stand alone thermal or electrical energy solutions. Primary markets include rice mills,

cashew processing plants, ice factories and noodle factories. Other potential customers are

companies that currently depend on high cost diesel and other petroleum fuels for thermal steam

generation, ceramic kiln firing and grain drying

RuralLight is a youth-led social enterprise based in the Philippines that is focused on empowering

off-grid communities in pursuing sustainable solutions in renewable energy.

RuralLight is a Philippine-based, youth-led social enterprise focused on empowering off-grid

communities in pursuing sustainable solutions in renewable energy. The organization supports in

empowering off-grid communities and villages using renewable energy in part or wholly by

Case Studies- Philippines

empowering off-grid communities and villages using renewable energy in part or wholly by

providing scalable solutions that support their local economies. This includes supporting local

produce by expanding their markets and engaging in community-centered product development

and deployment like bringing in products for the bottom of the pyramid. This context engages and

empowers the community to enhance their livelihood and expand their market.

Given that there are still about 2,400 villages still not electrified, there are avenues to provide

energy for these villages. One solution is to provide an electrified community center using a

renewable energy source or a mix of resources for a town not yet connected to the electric grid.

Innogen Technologies is a social innovation enterprise specializing in alternative energy solutions

for small island economies. We are situated on the Island of Barbados, our focus is on developing a

renewable energy industry within the Caribbean Islands. it is not based on a business

entrepreneurship model but rather a social entrepreneurship model. seeking to address broad

grassroots economic problems that Caribbean people are facing, using innovative technologies,

solutions and processes.

Case Studies- Barbados

Founded by Jerome Lemelson, one of U.S. history's most prolific inventors, the Lemelson

Foundation uses its resources to recognize and celebrate accomplished inventors, inspire and

mentor young people and grassroots inventors and entrepreneurs, disseminate technologies that

improve people’s lives and generate entrepreneurial opportunity, and research and share

information that illuminates the value of invention to society. To date, the Foundation has donated

or committed more than $150 million in support of its mission.

blueEnergy improves lives in marginalized communities using a holistic approach to sustainable

energy and related fundamental services.

To ensure long-term operation, blueEnergy leverages international support to develop needed

infrastructure and human capacity and empowers local people by making them central figures in

the design, construction, and implementation of the energy systems and other solutions.

Case Studies-Nicaragua, France

Ultimately, blueEnergy creates long-term value by linking its sustainable energy services to life-

improving energy uses such as clean light, water treatment, medicine storage, and ice making for

fish storage.

RREAL has the unique mission of making solar energy available to people of all income levels. Solar

technologies present viable alternatives to fossil fuels that are both environmentally sound and

socially empowering. In order for solar to be widely embraced, it must be available to people of all

income levels. However, solar technology remains out of reach for many lower income households.

The cost of home heating is unpredictable, and has been rising every year for the last 30 years-

much faster than people’s incomes. Since low income families devote a greater share of income to

Case Studies- USA

much faster than people’s incomes. Since low income families devote a greater share of income to

the necessity of heat, they are the most vulnerable to these increases and fluctuations in energy

costs.

SOLAR-POWERED HEALTH POSTS TO PROVIDE VACCINES IN ETHIOPIA

Health stations offer the only opportunity for around 12,000 people in Ethiopia’s Midda Region to

meet their basic medical needs. The remote locations of these health stations make it extremely

Case Studies-Ethiopia

meet their basic medical needs. The remote locations of these health stations make it extremely

difficult to guarantee the indispensable, uninterrupted cooling (between 2 and 8° C) of life-saving

vaccines. Hitherto, kerosene using generators provided the essential power. Yet, fuel supply

distribution is difficult, the often old engines are unreliable and fuel itself bears high permanent

costs. Thanks to the project’s installed solar PV facilities directly at the health stations, autonomous

power supply can be achieved. The high-tech installations guarantee a reliable and persistent power

supply as well as significant cost reduction.

ELECTRIFICATION OF THE VILLAGE OF REMA/ETHIOPIA

Rema is a village with 3,000 inhabitants in the Midda Region in Ethiopia. Through a contribution by

Good Energies and other donors, Stiftung Solarenergie was able to equip every single house in the

village with a solar panel, a battery for energy storage and two LED lamps (which use very little

Case Studies-Ethiopia

village with a solar panel, a battery for energy storage and two LED lamps (which use very little

energy). These electric off-grid lights replace health damaging kerosene lamps, which are common

in this area. The success was so overwhelming that several surrounding villages approached the

Solarstiftung in order to be electrified in the same way.

The advantage of the solar system contrary to diesel generators, which aid organizations

traditionally have in their aid programs, is the independence from petrol prices and the delivery of

petrol to these remote areas.

SOLAR-POWERED WATER PUMP REPLACING MANUAL WATER TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies-Ethiopia

In the Midda region, people often have to walk many hours in order to have access to a source of

water and the walk from the plateau into the valley is usually steep. It is mostly the women and the

children who have to go on this laborious march which often takes seven to eight hours every day.

We helped to install the solar-powered water pumping system in the village of Rema, where the

women and children now no longer need to travel the difficult path into the valley for precious

water. The time they save is important: The children now have time, for example, to go to school

during the day.

World Facts

World Potential Renewable Energy1. Globally, renewable energy is

growing fast. The rates of

development for renewable energy

sources is far exceeding those of

fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and

natural gas.

2. In 2006, wind and solar

development grew by 20 and 40

percent respectively.

3. A recent report released by

Greenpeace and the European

Renewable Energy Council, states Renewable Energy Council, states

that renewable energy can deliver

half of the world's energy needs by

2050.

4. Renewable energy will become

increasingly important as the world

attempts to reduce greenhouse gas

emissions to levels that scientists

predict are necessary to curb global

warming.

Global Renewable Energy ResourcesSolar Wind

Fig 1.0 :The geographical distribution of the solar radiation incident on the earth's surface each year.

Fig 2.0 Availability of standardized evaluations of the wind

energy potential

Global Access to safe drinking water

Fig 1.0 :The geographical distribution of the solar radiation incident on the earth's surface each year.

Fig 2.0 Availability of standardized evaluations of the wind

energy potential

Global Biofuel Production Map

Projected agriculture in 2080 due to climate change

Wind Energy Capacity (Worldwide)

The BLUE scenario forecasts that wind energy will produce over 5,000 TWh of electricity per year

by 2050, accounting for up to 17% of global power production. Over one third of the resulting CO2

savings will be achieved in China and India.

India Facts

Population density of Indian states

States In India

Energy Consumption- World & India

Coal accounts for more than half of India’s total energy consumption followed by oil, which comprises

31 percent of total energy consumption. Natural gas and hydroelectric power account for 8 and 6

percent of consumption, respectively. Although nuclear power comprises a very small percentage of

total energy consumption at this time, it is expected to increase in light of recent international civil

nuclear energy cooperation deals. According to the Indian government, 30 percent of India’s total

energy needs are met through imports.

India’s Oil production and Imports

India lacks sufficient domestic energy resources and must import much of its growing energy

requirements. India is not only experiencing an electricity shortage but is also increasingly dependent

on oil imports to meet demand. In addition to pursuing domestic oil and gas exploration and production

projects, India is also stepping up its natural gas imports, particularly through imports of liquefied

natural gas. The country’s ability to secure a reliable supply of energy resources at affordable prices will

be one of the most important factors in shaping its future energy demand.

India Energy Capacity

Power Plant StateTotal Capacity

(MWe)

Energy Resources, Production and Capacity

India's Largest Hydroelectric Power Plants

(MWe)

Dehar Rajasthan 990

Sharavathi Karnataka 891

Koyna Maharashtra 880

Kalinadi I Karnataka 825

Nagarjun Sugar Andhra Pradesh 815

Idduki Kerala 780

Srisailam Right Bank Andhra Pradesh 770

Bhakra-Nangal Rajasthan 710

Salal Jammu & Kashmir 690

Kundah Tamil Nadu 555

Renewable Energy Projects & Wind Density Map

Future Wind Energy Capacity (India)

The BLUE scenario forecasts that wind energy will produce over 5,000 TWh of electricity per

year by 2050, accounting for up to 17% of global power production. Over one third of the

resulting CO2 savings will be achieved in China and India.

Innovation and Renewable Energy Social

Enterprise

A graduating industrial design student at Leicester’s De

Montfort University (DMU) is hoping for award-winning success

with his innovative design which transforms falling wastewater

into electricity.

DMU Industrial design student, Tom Broadbent’s money and

energy-saving brainwave is called the HighDro Power and works

by harnessing the energy from falling waste water in the soil

pipes of high-rise buildings, converting it to electricity through

an ingenious device.

As well as having developed a potentially commercially viable

HighDro Power generation

product, Tom is waiting to hear whether he will win accolades

from the Institute of Engineering Designers (IED) and the Dyson

Awards. He is also entering the Kevin McCloud Green Heroes

award to win the opportunity to show HighDro Power at the

NEC’s Grand Designs Live show.

The invention was developed in answer to targets set at the G8

Summit by governments to reduce their country’s carbon

dioxide emissions and dependency on fossil fuels for energy

production by 2050. In HighDro Power, the electricity can either

be utilised in the building to save £926-per-year for a seven-

storey building or sold back to the national grid on a buy-back

tariff.

To achieve the desired health, environmental, social and economic

improvements, hundreds of millions of primitive stoves will need to

be replaced. From the outset, Envirofit has systematically set the

stage for this degree of global scalability and sustainability through:

enterprise-based business model driving economic self-

sustainability, voice-of-the-customer market research, disciplined

ground-breaking R & D, modern product development process,

robust durability and emissions testing, global supply chain

supporting centralized quality-controlled mass-manufacturing, multi-

tiered distribution & sales networks, location-specific marketing

strategies, partnerships with global organizations and local MFIs &

NGOs, and global awareness raising and brand building about

Envirofit and the problems we look to address.

Envirofit- EnviroFlame Combustion System

Envirofit and the problems we look to address.

In creating products for developing world customers, Envirofit

utilizes the same disciplined, mature product-development

methodologies used by modern industry. Compared to traditional

cooking fires, Envirofit cookstoves reduce emissions by as much as

80%, use up to 60% less fuel and reduce cooking cycle time by up to

50%. Built and engineered to address the unique cooking habits of

our customers, Envirofit clean cookstoves are a result of over five

years of market research, engineering R & D, emissions and

durability testing in coordination with Shell Foundation and Colorado

State University’s world-renown Engines and Energy Conversion

Laboratory. Envirofit International’s goal is to develop affordable,

aesthetic, well-engineered technology solutions that have significant

global health and environmental impacts and economic payback

incentives for our customers.

During 2007 this simple solar photovoltaic (PV) system has

provided some of my energy needs (OK, a pretty small

percentage I'll admit).

In total there are approximately 40W(peak) of PV panels. This

charges a sealed 'gel' type lead-acid battery with a charge

controller to ensure no overcharging. The battery can then be

moved and used to power various devices including 12V lights,

laptops (through a suitable converter) and audio equipment

(through a pure sine wave DC to AC inverter). There is a display

to show the power being fed into the battery along with the

battery voltage.

Two batteries are used in rotation, with one being recharged

Solar Powered Laptop

while the other is used.

Thank You

Backup Slides