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Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy
SolarSolar
HydroHydro
WindWind
HydrogenHydrogen
BiomassBiomass
GeothermalGeothermal
Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency
Percentage of energy input that does useful work in an energy conversion system
Increasing energy efficiency of Increasing energy efficiency of common devices has economic common devices has economic and environmental advantagesand environmental advantagesCreating jobs, Saving moneyCreating jobs, Saving money
Reducing oil importsReducing oil imports
Prolonging fossil fuel suppliesProlonging fossil fuel supplies
Reducing pollution and Reducing pollution and environmental degradationenvironmental degradation
Flow of U.S. Commercial EnergyFlow of U.S. Commercial Energy
Ways to improve Energy efficiency Ways to improve Energy efficiency of of Existing homesExisting homes
1. adding insulation1. adding insulation
2. plugging leaks2. plugging leaks
3. installing energy-saving windows3. installing energy-saving windows
4. wrapping water heaters 4. wrapping water heaters
5. installing tankless water heaters 5. installing tankless water heaters modelsmodels
6. buying energy-efficient appliances 6. buying energy-efficient appliances and lightsand lights
Solar EnergySolar Energy
No PollutionNo PollutionLittle maintenanceLittle maintenanceOnly Only ~0.05%~0.05% of world’s of world’s
electricity.electricity.So why do we notSo why do we not
Use it more?Use it more?
NOT ENOUGH gov’t aidNOT ENOUGH gov’t aid
Solar- PV cellsSolar- PV cells Photovoltaic Cells commonly called solar Photovoltaic Cells commonly called solar
cellscells How do they work?How do they work? Sunlight energizes and causes the Sunlight energizes and causes the
electrons in the semiconductors to flow electrons in the semiconductors to flow creating an electrical currentcreating an electrical current
Solar NEW technologySolar NEW technology
1.1. Organic solar cells-Organic solar cells- carbon based carbon based polymers similar to teflon and can be polymers similar to teflon and can be applied to surfaces in layers.applied to surfaces in layers.
- converts 24-35% of suns rays into - converts 24-35% of suns rays into electricityelectricity
Can be printed on a sheet of paper, Can be printed on a sheet of paper, stuck onto your housestuck onto your house
Solar NEW technologySolar NEW technology
2. 2. Nanosolar CellsNanosolar Cells
Tiny rods of semiconductorsTiny rods of semiconductors
Much thinner than a human Much thinner than a human
hairhair
Can be placed in plasticCan be placed in plastic
materialsmaterials
Suitability of Solar UsageSuitability of Solar Usage
best when more than 60% of daylight hours are sunny
www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt
HydroHydro Indirect forms of REIndirect forms of RE Pg 313Pg 313
WINDWIND
Indirect form of REIndirect form of RE
Since 1990 fastest form of RESince 1990 fastest form of RE
Europe the leaderEurope the leader ¾ of World’s ¾ of World’s
wind powerwind power
Denmark has banned coal and Denmark has banned coal and 90%90% of electricity from wind of electricity from wind
WIND WIND // on page 397 on page 397
The Dept. of Energy calls the Great Plain The Dept. of Energy calls the Great Plain States: OK, SD, ND,KA,NE, TX States: OK, SD, ND,KA,NE, TX the Saudi the Saudi Arabia of windArabia of wind
Enough wind resources to meet nations Enough wind resources to meet nations needsneeds
Need more tax breaks and govt subsidiesNeed more tax breaks and govt subsidies Wind power could produce about ¼ of the Wind power could produce about ¼ of the
U.S. electricity by 2025U.S. electricity by 2025
BiomassBiomass Plant material and animal wastes that Plant material and animal wastes that
can be directly burned into biofuels.can be directly burned into biofuels.
4 big types4 big types
1.1. Direct burning of wood or manure.Direct burning of wood or manure.
Mostly used for cooking and heating Mostly used for cooking and heating homes. 30% in developing countrieshomes. 30% in developing countries
10% efficient, produces CO210% efficient, produces CO2
figure 18-25figure 18-25
BiomassBiomass2. 2. Gaseous BiofuelsGaseous Biofuels
BiogasBiogas
60% Methane, 40% CO260% Methane, 40% CO2
Comes from livestock waste and landfills Comes from livestock waste and landfills AND with the bacteria and decomposition AND with the bacteria and decomposition the Methane can used for electricitythe Methane can used for electricity
BiomassBiomass3. Ethanol-3. Ethanol- made from Sugar cane or Corn made from Sugar cane or Corn How made?How made? Fermentation and distillation Fermentation and distillation increase corn prices for farmers and lots increase corn prices for farmers and lots
of energy used to created it so a huge of energy used to created it so a huge NET loss of EnergyNET loss of Energy
BUT…BUT… Ethanol can be made from non- Ethanol can be made from non-food crops, grasses and other fast growing food crops, grasses and other fast growing trees. trees.
Ethanol production from celluloseEthanol production from cellulosehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poTGr8ONgl0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poTGr8ONgl0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NR_3QZzqMKIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NR_3QZzqMKI
Algae...next big biofuelAlgae...next big biofuel
Algae make a lipid (oil) and the end of Algae make a lipid (oil) and the end of photosynthesisphotosynthesis
After some refining….After some refining…. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxNeBQCRv1chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxNeBQCRv1c
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9_-ZguuhBw&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9_-ZguuhBw&NR=1
GeothermalGeothermalConsists of heat stored in soil, underground Consists of heat stored in soil, underground
rocks and fluids within the Earth’s mantlerocks and fluids within the Earth’s mantle Where?Where? Throughout most of the world Throughout most of the world
except the Tundra ~3m below the surface except the Tundra ~3m below the surface 50-60 F50-60 F
Geothermal Heat PumpsGeothermal Heat Pumps
A system of pipes and ducts into ground to A system of pipes and ducts into ground to exchange hot or cold temps depending on exchange hot or cold temps depending on the season.the season.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ajqiPe_9Kohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ajqiPe_9Ko
GeothermalGeothermal
What about for Electricity?What about for Electricity?
Tap deeper and more concentrated areasTap deeper and more concentrated areas
Found almost anywhere…5-6 miles belowFound almost anywhere…5-6 miles below
HOT DRY ROCK ZONESHOT DRY ROCK ZONES -magma heats up -magma heats up subsurface rock to high temps. Water is subsurface rock to high temps. Water is added onto rocks, steam produced, turn added onto rocks, steam produced, turn turbines= turbines= electricityelectricity
ALSO,ALSO, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSZ1dIBdOIs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSZ1dIBdOIs
GeothermalGeothermal
Currently 1% of world uses GeoTCurrently 1% of world uses GeoT In Iceland 85% of all bldgs use GeoTIn Iceland 85% of all bldgs use GeoT San Francisco San Francisco “the Geysers”“the Geysers” the worlds the worlds
larges GeoT systems utilizes 1.7 million larges GeoT systems utilizes 1.7 million homes. homes. In the Mayacamas Mountains, In the Mayacamas Mountains, located north of San Francisco,located north of San Francisco,
HydrogenHydrogen
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yowRvfFtMgQ&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yowRvfFtMgQ&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esuAlB4NVi0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esuAlB4NVi0
Splitting water using ELECTROLYSIS under HIGH Splitting water using ELECTROLYSIS under HIGH tempstemps
ProblemsProblems
1. H locked in water and organic molecules like 1. H locked in water and organic molecules like fossil fuelsfossil fuels
2. Takes $ and energy to extract the hydrogen2. Takes $ and energy to extract the hydrogen
3. Current fuel cell models are expensive3. Current fuel cell models are expensive