74
Tomi Engel Renewable Energy Sources ... ... for the Urban Transport of the Future Porto Alegre - 12.2.2008
Tomi Engel
Renewable Energy Sources ...... for the Urban Transport of the Future
Porto Alegre - 12.2.2008
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty Future2010 ... 2020 ... 2030 ... 2040 ... 2050 ... ??
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty People
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
file:Population_curve.svg Montag, 11. Februar 2008 13:30 Uhr Europe/Berlin
file:///Users/kahuna/Population_curve.svg Page 1
World p
opula
tion,
billions
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
10,000 BC 8000 6000 4000 2000 AD 1 1000 2000
PeopleFood? Water?
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
World p
opula
tion,
billions
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
10,000 BC 8000 6000 4000 2000 AD 1 1000 2000
?82 Million Germans =
46 Million Cars
8 Billion People =
4 Billion Cars
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty Energy
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty 100 $
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
The Timeline of the Oil Age - Trends
Quelle: http://www.raize.ch/Geologie/erdoel/oil.html - Stand 04.2005
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
The Timeline of the Oil Age - Trends
Quelle: http://www.raize.ch/Geologie/erdoel/oil.html - Stand 04.2005
Peak ca. 2008
?
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
The Timeline of the Oil Age - Trends
Quelle: http://www.raize.ch/Geologie/erdoel/oil.html - Stand 04.2005
!
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
National Petroleum Council Report - July 2007
Quelle: Internet - Juli 2007
NATIONAL PETROLEUM COUNCIL
Draft Report
Facing the Hard Truths about Energy
A comprehensive view to 2030 of global oil and natural gas
July 18, 2007
This is a working document solely for the review and use of the participants in the
National Petroleum Council’s Global Oil and Gas Study, and was approved on July 18 by
the members of the National Petroleum Council subject to final editing. A final report
and accompanying CD will be published and available to the public in September.
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
The “Big Picture”
Peak in2008 ± 3
2%Decline
2%Growth
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
The “Big Picture”
At 84 Mb/d the decline of 2% meansthat there will be 1,7 Mb per day less ... every year.
2%Decline
2%Growth
4%?
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty Transport
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Urban Transport ...
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Urban Transport ... in Times of Peak Oil
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty SolarEnergy
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Solare Struktur ... Effiziente Netzwerke
50 -
70%
Ver
lust
durc
h Ab
wär
me
Mobility??
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Mobility
50 -
70%
Ver
lust
durc
h Ab
wär
me
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Carbon based fuels
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Really important!
Carbon based fuels
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Carbon based fuels
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Urban TransportNoise, Air Pollution, requires Space, ...
... mainly has to deal with short distances in a well defined environment!
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Fuel
Mobility Structure
= Supply= Physics
= Demand= Politics
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Fuel
Mobility Structure
= Supply= Physics
= Demand= Politics
Time
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty Biofuels... some intersting examples
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Growing Biofuel ... for a Bio-Vehicle
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Jatropha ... replacing Diesel
! Produces plant oil and fiber
! Grows on non arable "wasteland"
! Water problems ... can start with irrigation
! Toxic ... if not handled properly
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Ethanol ... replacing Gasoline
! Easy to handle ... it is liquid
! Easy to use ... fits with current engines (FlexFuel)
! Many different processes and many different CO2 balances
! Sugercane is one of the most efficient processes
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Landuse ... Limits to Biomass Growth?
100 Million Hectares = buy the world 4 Years (... at best)
Amazonia = 400 Million Hectares
25 Million Hectares =Ethanol 1,7 Mb/d = 2% Decline
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Landuse ... Limits to Biomass Growth!
Water, Soil, Wild Life, Climate change ... ???
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Algae! Like Plants they "eat" CO2
and Nitrogen
! Not depending on arable land or even soil
! Does not require drinking water
! Can be commercially viable
! Not proven yet (first industrial scale sites under construction)
! Can provide 10(+) time the yield per area
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty Landuse Efficiency
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
“Well-to-Wheel” per HectareBiogas
10.000Harvest
(in kWh/ha * a)
Energy demand
(in kWh/100 km)
Number of Cars
(at 15.000 km/a) 1,5 4,3 4,3
40.000 30.000 500.000
46 62 46 15
220Quelle: Eigene Berechnungen
Solar ElectricOily Plants BtL / Ethanol
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
“Fuel Strategie of Efficiency”
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
“Fuel Strategie of Efficiency”
... secure ... low emissions ... effizient
Farming City
Biogas Solar ElectricOily Plants
Industry
BtL / Ethanol
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
“Fuel Strategie of Efficiency”
Electricity
Short Range
Biomass
Long Range
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty UrbanTransport
... must move towards Electricity
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Public Transport "knows" Electricity
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Public Transport "knows" Electricity
"Look Ma' ... No Wires!"
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
E-Bikes and Pedelecs ...
more Speed, more Fun, more Users ... less Cars
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
E-Scooters and Solar Charging Stations
50 m2 Solarpanels produce 450 to 900 km "mobility" per day
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
2,86 m
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
2,86 m
Venturi EclecticSeats:! 3
Top Speed:! 50 km/h
Range:! 50 km
Engine:! Solar-Electric
Markte:! Europe
Status:! Production
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
2,65 m
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
2,65 m
Obvio 828ESeats:! 3
Top Speed:! 200 km/h
Range:! 250 km
Engine:! Electric
Market:! BR, US
Status:! Prototyp
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
3,39 m
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
3,39 m
Mitsubishi i-EVSeats:! 4
Top Speed:! 130 km/h
Range:! 160 km
Engine:! Electric
Market:! Japan
Status:! Test Fleet
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Modec LKWPayload:! 2000 kg
Top Speed:! 80 km/h
Range:! min. 160 km
Engine:! Electric
Market:! England
Status:! Production
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
"Plug-In" Sprinter Payload:! 1200 kg
Top Speed:! 120 km/h
Range:! 30 EV / 600 km
Engine:! Hybrid
Market:! USA ?
Status:! Test Fleet
Quelle: DaimlerChrysler
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
VW Space Up BlueSeats:! 4
Top Speed:! 120 km/h
Range (EV-Mode):! 100 km
Engine:! Plug-In-Hybrid
Market:! -
Status:! Designconcept
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Opel FlextremeSeats:! 4
Top Speed:! 160 km/h
Range (EV-Mode):! 60 km
Engine:! Plug-In-Hybrid
Market:! -
Status:! Designconcept
Quelle: General Motors - Opel AG
!Target 201060.000Units
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
E-Motor
Battery
Generator
Fuel Tank
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
E-Motor
Battery
Generator
Fuel Tank
Long Range
Short Range
Plug-in Hybrid
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
"Steckdosen"-Hybrid =Plug-in Hybrid
um 1906 - "Lohner-Porsche Mixte"
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks
50 -
70%
Ver
lust
durc
h Ab
wär
me
Mobility??
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks
Long term storage: Biomass
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks
!Think
Smart
Grid
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks
!Think
Smart
Grid Vehicle Strategy
Short term storage: Battery
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty
Cities ... need to prepare for Peak Oil
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty Biofuels ... only buy us some time... but can solve all special problems
Cities ... need to prepare for Peak Oil
Tom
i Eng
el -
Fac
haus
schu
ss “
Sola
re M
obili
tät”
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y in
Urb
an M
obili
ty Biofuels ... only buy us some time... but can solve all special problems
Cities ... need to prepare for Peak Oil
Renewable Electricity... is the efficient long term solution
The transition needs to start Today!
